30 April 2019, Volume 50 Issue 4
    

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    Focuses& Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin2018)
  • HUANG Bin, LIU Jing, CHENG Zhaoyang, WANG Ruwu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4001-4006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.001
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    The effects of the reduction temperature after decarburizing annealing on the inhibitor, microstructure, texture, surface oxide layer and magnetic properties of high temperature Hi-B steel were studied. The results show that the increase of reduction temperature weakened the effect of surface inhibitor, and the grain growth of surface layer further strengthened Gauss component in the surface layer, which made the orientation of (001) along rolling direction more obvious. It was beneficial to promote the secondary recrystallization of Gauss component in the high temperature annealing stage, thus the final product formed the strong Gauss texture and complete crystal structure. In addition, with the increase of reduction temperature, the content of Fe in the surface oxide layer decreased and the content of Si increased, which made the structure of the surface oxide layer more compact and helped to play the role of the surface oxide layer in the high temperature annealing stage, so that the secondary recrystallization was further improved and the magnetic properties were better.
  • LI Chengdong, CHEN Zhaofeng, YAO Bolong, WANG Likui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4007-4011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.002
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    Silica aerogel has broad application prospects in the field of thermal insulation due to its ultra-light, ultra-low thermal conductivity and strong design ability. And thus it has become a hot research topic. However, silica aerogels have weaknesses, such as low strength, poor toughness, brittleness and hygroscopicity, which seriously restrict their application in different potential bearing fields, such as aerospace, military equipments and constructions. The composite modification not only improves the mechanical, thermal and temperature resistance of silica aerogel, but also achieves functionalization and reduces cost. Therefore, a large number of research results have been obtained in a growing number of application fields. Based on the previous research work, in this paper, the silicon-based aerogel insulation composite materials were summarized into four categories: doping type, coating type, interpenetrating network type and combination type, respectively. The research progress of each type silica aerogel thermal insulation composites was elaborated while the future development trends were highlighted according to their existing problems and demands for industrial technology development. The aim of this paper was to provide a reference for the preparation of high-performance and low-cost thermal insulation composite materials.
  • CHEN Hong, YANG Chunli, LYU Qiang, MA Xinyu, CHEN Xi, CHENG Xujie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4012-4016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.003
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    In and Tb co-doped BaCeO3 proton conductors were prepared by modified citrate method. The phase structure and the microstructure of the conductor were analyzed using X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The conductivity was tested by AC impedance method. Because of low electronegativity of Tb, Tb dope BaCeO3 conductor possessed high electrical conductivity, and the conductivity in dry air atmosphere was slightly higher than that in humidified hydrogen and nitrogen atmosphere. The In, Tb co-doped samples had better sintering activity, but their conductivity was reduced. Though the electronegativity of In was higher, the chemical stability of In, Tb co-doped samples in CO2 and H2O was poor, which needed to be further improved.
  • GUO Kexing, XIA Pengju
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4017-4022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.004
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    As a new type of high-tech material, intelligent composite has both structural and functional characteristics. According to the research status of intelligent composites in recent years, several kinds of intelligent composites, such as shape memory composite, self-repairing intelligent composite, piezoelectric intelligent composite were introduced in this paper. Electric/magneto-rheological intelligent composites and cellulose intelligent composites were reviewed. The current research hotspots and some problems in the field of intelligent composites were briefly introduced and the development prospects of intelligent composites were prospected.
  • WANG Ting, WU Hongye, XING Ru, SUN Yunbin, XU Bao, LI Xiaoxin, ZHAO Jianjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4023-4029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.005
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    From temperature dependence of magnetization in a magnetic field of 5 mT (M-T) and field-dependent magnetization near Curie-temperature (M-H) for La2-xCaxNiMnO6 (x=0, 0.1), it can be determined that with the doping of Ca, the ferromagnetism of the system was weakened and the antiferromagnetism was enhanced. The Hysteresis loops and the enlarged view of the low-field hysteresis loops at 2 K under the FC process with a cooling field of 1 T for La2-xCaxNiMnO6(x=0, 0.1) indicated that the doping of Ca had little effect on the disorder degree of the samples, but Ca-doped could increase the anti-phase boundaries and antiferromagnetic coupling of the samples. Temperature dependent inverse magnetic susceptibility (χ-1) under 5 mT for La2-x-CaxNiMnO6(x=0, 0.1) showed upward deviation from CW law. With Ca-doping, the degree of deviation was more obvious, indicating that Ca-doping enhanced long-range ferromagnetic order. Finally, the magnetic entropy of the samples was discussed and it could be explained that Ca-doping made the samples experienced a weak first-order phase change.
  • Review & Advance
  • HU Jicu, CHEN Mingpeng, RONG Qian, ZHANG Jin, LIU Qingju
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4030-4037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.006
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    Ammonia is a toxic gas that has a harmful effect on human health, so it is very important to monitor its concentration in the air in real time. In recent years, many types of ammonia gas sensing materials have appeared, and ammonia gas sensors have been rapidly developed. In this paper, the ammonia sensor of two different materials, soft and non-flexible was reviewed, and the next development trend of ammonia sensor was discussed.
  • XU Fei, LI Anmin, CHENG Xiaopeng, KONG Deiming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4038-4048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.007
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    As the energy crisis is coming, waste heat recovery has become one of the effective ways to solve the energy shortage problem, and thermoelectric materials occupy a pivotal position in the waste heat collection. Among them, compared with traditional alloy thermoelectric materials, the oxide thermoelectric materials have strong anti-oxidation ability, good thermal stability, relatively low raw materials, relatively simple preparation process, non-toxic, non-polluting and long service life, but low electrical conductivity limits its performance in terms of thermoelectric performance. A large number of studies have found that the thermoelectric properties of oxide thermoelectric materials can be improved by element doping, and oxide thermoelectric materials have received the attention of researchers once again. In this paper, the research progress and future development direction of oxide thermoelectric materials were reviewed. The basic structure, performance characteristics and research progress of oxide thermoelectric materials represented by BiCuSeO were reviewed. The Bi, Cu and O sites of BiCuSeO materials and doping research and structural optimization of BiCuSeO were reviewed. The research of NaCo2O4, Ca3Co4O9, SrTiO3, ZnO, In2O3 thermoelectric materials was briefly introduced.
  • TIAN Chao, LIN Haixia, HAN Chunrui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4049-4055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.008
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    Due to the unique rigid ring skeleton, chiral structure and multiple modification sites, polycyclic terpenoids show excellent self-assembly properties. Various numbers of terpene functional groups and different ring structure impart terpenoids with serval self-assembled morphologies and functions. It has received increasing attention due to its wide range of applications in the field of materials. On the basis of the structural characteristics and self-assembled principle of the compound (interaction between charges, hydrophilic interaction/hydrophobic interaction, pi-pi stacking, hydrogen bonding, steric effects, ect), the self-assembled study progress of polycyclic terpenoids and their application in targeted drug delivery, functional materials, and ion identification were summarized. Furthermore, the research trends of self-assembly of polycyclic terpenoids were proposed. The research on the structure-activity relationship of terpenoid derivatives self-assembling and self-assembly mechanism based on theoretical calculation experiments were very important for self-assembly study of terpeniod.
  • SHANG Mi, YANG Ling, LIU Danfei, ZHONG Yunfei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4056-4061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.009
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    With the rapid development of market economy and information technology, some traditional anti-counterfeiting measures are constantly cracked by lawbreakers. The improvement and transformation of anti-counterfeiting technologies become inevitable, and the emerging anti-counterfeiting technologies continue to move towards greenization, intelligence and popularization. Based on the research status at home and abroad, the intelligent materials were divided into four parts, including novel nanomaterials, stimulus response materials, shape memory materials and other new-type materials. The anti-counterfeiting mechanism and research status of new nano-inks, nanostructured materials and nanocomposites were introduced emphatically. The progress of stimulus-responsive materials and their potential applications in anti-counterfeiting areas were overviewed briefly from the perspective of inducement factors of light, electricity and magnetism, etc. In addition, the basic principle of the anti-counterfeiting labels combining with the shape memory materials was analyzed. Finally, in the paper, the anti-counterfeiting applications of other smart anti-counterfeit materials, such as new card-based material (PHA), functional anti-counterfeiting paper and molding resin, which expanded the application fields of smart materials were also involved. It concluded that intelligent materials have a broad application in the field of anti-counterfeiting. The paper can provide a powerful theoretical guide for the further application of smart materials in anti-counterfeiting.
  • Research & Development
  • YAO Yijun, QI Guijun, LIU Bin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4062-4066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.010
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    In this paper, the compound active agent was used to modify the soil powder. The variation of the powder composition was analyzed by SEM and XRD, and the rheological properties and antioxidant properties of the metal surface composite coating suspension prepared by the modified soil were studied. The experimental results show that the suspension rate of the suspension agent reached 96 % after 72 h. Under the action of the shear rate, the suspension agent had a good shear viscosity and stress, and could form a net-like structure to ensure the stability of the suspension agent. After heat treatment at 1 000 ℃ for 2 h, the suspension could cover the surface of carbon steel with a composite coating. The carbon steel had a carbon layer depth of only 0.05 mm, which was better to inhibit the phenomenon of high temperature carbon oxidation of carbon steel.
  • YANG Yong, ZHANG Shuqing, RONG Hui, ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Ying, XU Rui, WANG Xueping, YANG Jiujun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4067-4073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.011
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    The current research on the lime, slag, fly ash and other soil modifiers is mainly in the macroscopic properties such as mechanical properties and durability. In this paper, the microscopic angles such as the mineral composition, the functional group peaks and microstructures before and after the modification of the modified materials are attempted to illustrate the intrinsic mechanism of soil modification. The test results show that when the lime was added alone, the modification effect of the raw soil increased with the increase of lime content. The optimum dosage was 10%, and the 28 d compressive strength and softening coefficient respectively reached 3.69 MPa and 0.80, because the platy Ca(OH)2 hydration product filled the voids between the raw soil particles, and the saturated Ca(OH)2 only had its skeleton effect. When 10% lime was separately doped with 5% slag and 5% fly ash, the compressive strength of 28 d increased by 8.1% and 2.4% respectively, and the softening coefficient reached 0.92 and 0.90 respectively, because the secondary hydration reaction of fly ash and slag occurred, among which Mg—O, Al—O and other bonds were broke. The substitution of cations such as Al3+ and Mg2+ were displaced from Ca(OH)2, causing the peak position at 1 436.47 cm-1 to shift to near 1 400 cm-1, and the CSH gel characteristic peak around 1 030 cm-1 and the characteristic peak of volcanic ash reaction around 3 120 cm-1 appeared. The modification effect of slag-added slag was better than that of single-mixed lime, and the modification effect of complex fly ash was not good.
  • XIE Guangyou, YANG Ke, YU Xiangyan, LI Hengfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4074-4079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.012
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    Polydopamine coated silver nanowires (Ag@PDA) were prepared by hydrothermal method with silver nitrate, PVP and dopamine as raw materials. The Ag@PDA/P(VDF-HFP) composites with different nanowire content were prepared by solution blending of P(VDF-HFP) and Ag@PDA. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of Ag@PDA were characterized by XRD, XPS and TEM. The results indicate that dopamine was successfully polymerized and coated on the surface of silver nanowires. The structure, thermal stability and dielectric properties of the Ag@PDA/P(VDF-HFP) composites were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, TG and impedance analyzer. The results show that the interfacial compatibility between the nanofiller and the polymer matrix was excellent. Furthermore, when the volume fraction of the nanofiller was 7.9vol%, the dielectric constant of the composite was as high as 59, and the dielectric loss was only 0.22(at 1 kHz). The above results indicate that the coating modification of the polydopamine layer effectively improved the interfacial compatibility between the nanofiller and the polymer matrix, and the successful construction of the percolation system could obtain excellent dielectric properties at a lower volume fraction.
  • WANG Kaidi, LIU Shaoguang, SHI Wen, LIU Qinyu, YAO Jia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4080-4085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.013
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    Cu, Ni modified non-toxic FeMnCeOx-WO3/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by pre-prepare precursor method for low temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3. The influence of Cu, Ni modification on the DeNOx efficiency and SO2 resistance performance of catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction was investigated and the catalysts were characterized by XPS, NH3-TPD and H2-TPR. As a results, the reduction temperature of the modified catalyst was decreased by 85 ℃. The acidity and the redox ability of catalysts were increased. The low temperature SCR activity of catalyst was improved by the Ni modification. The SO2 resistance performance of catalyst was enhance by the Cu modification.
  • WANG Chao, ZHANG Hongmei, LI Yan, JIA Hongbin, WANG Jianling, MENG Linghao, JIANG Zhengyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4086-4092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.014
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    Tungsten carbide/high-strength steel composites were prepared by cold pressing-vacuum sintering method. The microstructure and hardness of the composites and interfaces obtained at different sintering temperatures were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and micro-hardness tester. The results show that with the increase of the sintering temperature the porosity of WC decreased gradually and tended to be dense. Meanwhile, the grain size of WC increased gradually, and the grain shape of WC become regular gradually. The grain size of WC was uniform between 1 300 and 1 320 ℃. When the sintering temperature was higher than 1 300 ℃, there was an obvious transition layer at the composite interface of tungsten carbide/high strength steel, and the Fe, Co and Cr elements were obviously diffused, and the W element had a slight diffusion at 1 340 ℃. The hardness of WC increased with the increase of sintering temperature, the hardness of the WC reached 1 575 Hv0.1 when the sintering temperature was 1 340 ℃. The WC hardness was significantly higher than that of the tungsten carbide matrix near the bonding interface. At different temperatures, the hardness of the high-speed steel material in the core was around 500 Hv0.1.
  • JIANG Guo, ZHANG Mengdi, YU Li, WANG Feng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4093-4097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.015
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    PPC/PHB film was prepared by extrusion blow molding. The relationship between morphology and properties of the film was investigated. Results show that tensile strength of PPC/PHB film increased with the increase of PHB content. The longitudinal tensile strength of the film was larger than that of the transverse direction and the transverse right-angle tear strength was slightly higher than that of the longitudinal direction. Both water vapor and oxygen permeability coefficients of the film decreased with the increasing PHB content, which indicated that the water blocking and oxygen barrier properties were improved. Oxygen permeability coefficient of PPC/PHB film with 30 wt% PHB was 5 times of that for pure PPC. Fricke and Nielsen model were used to calculate the barrier properties of PPC/PHB film and effects of morphology on barrier property for PPC/PHB films were analyzed.
  • QIU Mingkun, ZHANG Shuling, CHEN Weiye, YU Yongchuan, TIAN Yu, GAO Xuenan, BIAN Dongwei, ZHU Xuejun, JAVAD Mostaghimi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4098-4103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.016
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    The work aims to prepare composite coatings with high-hardness and high-strength on the surface of stainless steel substrate by twin wire arc spraying and to study its microstructure and properties. The cross-sectional microstructural images of coating were observed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the energy spectrum in different regions was analyzed by SEM with EDS to determine the composition and distribution of each element in the coating. The phase composition of coating was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the porosity of coating was determined by using the ImageJ image pressing software. At the same time, the microhardness of the substrate and the coating was measured by Vickers microhardness tester. The experimental results show that FeNi(WC) composite coating prepared by twin wire arc spraying had good bonding with the substrate and the structure was uniform and compact. The coating contained some pores and cracks, but had little effect on the overall performance of the substrate. The main phase of the FeNi(WC) composite coating were FeNi and Fe3Ni2 composed of Fe and Ni, and the hard phases WC and W2C. The average microhardness of the substrate was 213 Hv0.1, and the average microhardness of coating could reach 714 Hv0.1, which was 3-4 times as high as that of the substrate. The EDS plane scanning of the coating showed a uniform distribution of the elements in the coating. C and W were evenly distributed between the Fe and Ni elements, and the presence of the O element was caused by oxidation during the spraying process. The FeNi(WC) composite coating consisted of a typical layered structure formed by the cross-distribution of the binder phase and the hard phase composed of main elements such as Fe, Ni, C and W. The hard phase dispersed in the binder phase made the hardness and overall performance of the coating increase dramatically.
  • YU Wenyan, WANG Huijuan, TIAN Rui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4104-4107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.017
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    According to the eutectic phase diagram of the binary paraffin-stearic acid, the eutectic mass ratio of the paraffin-stearic acid is m(paraffin)∶m(stearic acid)=17∶8. Paraffin-stearic acid composite phase change material was prepared by the melt blending method. Paraffin-stearic acid/graphite composite phase change material was also prepared by the melt blending method with the binary paraffin-stearic acid eutectic and graphite. The thermal properties of paraffin-stearic acid and paraffin-stearic acid/graphite composite phase change material were studied by the thermal energy storage/release experiment and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that the thermal energy storage properties of the paraffin-stearic acid composite phase change material were good in the process of phase change. Results showed that its thermal energy storage/release time was significantly shortened, its thermal conductivity was greatly improved, the latent heat was gradually decreased and the phase change temperature did not change with the increase of the content of the graphite in the paraffin-stearic acid/graphite composite phase change material when compared with the paraffin-stearic acid. The prepared paraffin-stearic acid/graphite composite phase change material had proper phase change temperature and high latent heat. The paraffin-stearic acid/graphite composite phase change material was suitable for the application in thermal energy storage at low temperature.
  • QIAO Hongxia, WEN Shaoyong, GUO Xiangke, WANG Penghui, SHANG Minggang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4108-4113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.018
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    In order to solve the corrosion problem of reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete, the accelerated corrosion test of coated reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete by solution immersion was carried out according to the natural environment of saline soil area in Western China, and the polarization curves characterizing the corrosion of bare steel bars and coated reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete were measured by electrochemical test. The corrosion degree of steel bars at different stages was analyzed by open circuit potential and corrosion current density, and the products were analyzed by SEM and XRD microscopic tests. Finally, it is concluded that the coating could protect the steel bar in magnesium oxychloride cement concrete from corrosion in different environments. After the final corrosion was stable, the corrosion current density of the coated steel bar was 1/25 of that of the bare steel bar, and there were loose granular corrosion products and voids of different sizes on the surface of the bare steel bar, and pitting corrosion only existed on the surface of the coated steel bar. Thus, it is concluded that the coating had a good anti-corrosion effect on the reinforced magnesium oxychloride cement concrete.
  • SUN Long, ZHANG Huifeng, LUO Mingchao, LIAO Shuangquan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4114-4120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.019
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    Grevertex (MG) is a graft copolymerization product of methyl methacrylate and natural rubber latex, which is mainly used to bond materials with different surface properties. Natural rubber/silica composites were prepared by wet-compounding technology with grevertex as a compatibilizer. The effects of MG on the dispersion of silica, vulcanization characteristics, payne effect, mechanical properties, and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that the average particle size was the smallest and the dispersion grade was the highest which was 7.6 μm and 9.9 respectively when the content of silica was 10 phr and MG was used for compatibilization. the T90 of NR/SiO2-MG decreased slightly. T90 shortened most obviously when the content of silica was 40 phr from 17.21 to 13.87 min. The Payne effect of NR/SiO2-MG decreased obviously when the content of silica was 10 phr. The dispersibility of silica in NR matrix was improved and the processability of rubber was improved. The tensile strength and tear strength of NR/SiO2-MG were better than that of NR/SiO2. the wet grip resistance of NR/SiO2-MG is higher than that of NR/SiO2 when the content of silica was 20 phr, and the rolling resistance of NR/SiO2-MG is lower than that without compatibilizers.
  • XU Shuangmeng, WEI Yan, SU Hui, LI Hanqin, HU Yinchun, DU Jingjing, LIAN Xiaojie, WANG Kaiqun, HUANG Di
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4121-4125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.020
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    Nano-zinc oxide has good electrochemical, fluorescent and antibacterial properties, but its high cytotoxicity limits its application in biomedical applications. In order to reduce its cytotoxicity, nano-zinc oxide was modified with silk fibroin. The structure and morphology of nano-zinc oxide before and after silk fibroin modification were studied by X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial properties of nano-zinc oxide before and after modification were detected by antibacterial ring method. The cytotoxicity of nano zinc oxide before and after modification was detected by CCK-8 kit. The results showed that after modification, silk fibroin changed the crystallization process of nano-zinc oxide, and the crystal structure was obviously weakened. It showed an amorphous structure, and the morphology structure evolved from spherical crystal to petal-like crystal composed of flaky and needle-like crystals. The modified nano zinc oxide had good antibacterial properties. The results of cell experiments showed that the cytotoxicity of nano zinc oxide was reduced after modification, and it showed a dose-dependent effect.
  • CHEN Hanxiao, SHENG Su
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4126-4129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.021
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    MgO-doped Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) ferroelectric thin films with low dielectric loss were prepared on high-resistance Si substrates by RF magnetron sputtering and rapid thermal annealing. The microstructure and surface morphology of BST ferroelectric thin films were analyzed by XRD and SEM, respectively. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the BST film samples were tested by using a ferroelectric analyzer and a low frequency impedance analyzer. The results show that the dielectric loss of MgO-doped BST thin films was lower than that of pure BST thin films, and the best experimental results were obtained with MgO doping concentration of 5 mol%. The coercive electric field strength (EC) and residual polarization (Pr) of the ferroelectric thin film sample (annealed at 700 ℃) measured at room temperature and 250 Hz were 1.15 V/cm and 4.06 μC/cm2, respectively. Its dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were 370 and 0.005, respectively.
  • JI Dong, ZHAO Hongran, DING Jiheng, XU Beiyu, YU Haibin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4130-4135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.022
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    The main challenge for the preparation of high performance G/EP composite coatings is the uniform dispersion of G nanosheets in waterborne EP matrix. In this study, the non-covalent functionalization of graphene (G) was achieved with the assist of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The G nanosheet can be used as a barrier enhancer for waterborne epoxy (EP) coatings and significantly improve the corrosion resistance. After immersion in a 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution for 96 h, the impedance of the pure EP coating decreased sharply from 106 to 105 Ω·cm2, while the G/EP coating decreases slightly from 107 to 106 Ω·cm2. In addition, the polarization curve tests showed that the protection efficiency of the G/EP coating increased from 92.3% of the pure EP coating to 99.1%, indicating its superior corrosion resistance.
  • ZHENG Jiming, LIANG Shumei, XIONG Zewei, ZHU Jie, LI Yibing, XIAO Chao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4136-4141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.023
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    In order to improve the adsorption performance of activated carbon, the activated carbon was modified by thiourea solution under ultrasonic assisted conditions. The effect of gold adsorption under different modification and adsorption conditions was investigated. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to characterize pore structure and surface properties of activated carbon before and after modification. The results shows that the optimal modification condition was thiourea solution of 3 mol/L, temperature of 95-100 ℃, time of 3 h, suitable pH value of the adsorption environment of 2-2.5, modified carbon added of 0.5 g, and adsorption time of 1.5 h. Under the toptimal modification condition, the adsorption rate reached 97%. According to the characterization, the activated pore structure of activated carbon was obvious, and the specific surface area increased. The addition of thiourea changed the spectral peaks of the original group, and new groups such as —NH2, CO, C—H, and CS were formed to enhance the adsorption of carbon. The adsorption isotherm of the modified charcoal accorded with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, showing that the adsorption mode of the modified charcoal was the adsorption mode in which monolayer adsorption dominated with multilayer adsorption. The saturated adsorption capacity after fitting was 0.208 mmol/g and the actual saturated adsorption capacity was (0.194 mmol/g), showing the better adsorption effect
  • ZHAI Qingqing, LI Wei, LIU Ping, ZHANG Ke, MA Fengcang, LIU Xinkuan, CHEN Xiaohong, HE Daihua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4142-4147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.024
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    By using AlCrTiZrNb alloy target and Si targets, the (AlCrTiZrNb)N/Si3N4 nano-multilayer films with different Si3N4 thicknesses were prepared by multi-target magnetron sputtering system on the single crystal silicon substrate. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nano-indentation techniques. The results showed that, as the thickness of Si3N4 layer increases, the crystallinity and mechanical properties of the sample first increase and then decrease, a cubic-structured phase appears in the XRD patterns. When the Si3N4 layer thickness is 0.5 nm, the XRD pattern presents the largest (111) peak intensity, indicating the strongest crystallinity, and the hardness and elastic modulus reach the highest values, which are 30.6 and 298 GPa, respectively. The HRTEM observations show the columnar crystal growth of the nano-multilayer films when the Si3N4 layer thickness is 0.5 nm. Under the template of (AlCrTiZrNb)N layer, the Si3N4 layer changes from amorphous to cubic phase and grow epitaxially with (AlCrTiZrNb)N layers. The strengthening of the nano-multilayer films can be attributed to the coherent interface between (AlCrTiZrNb)N and Si3N4 layers.
  • ZHANG Shangda, HAN Jincheng, LI Zhaoxin, GAO Liang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4148-4153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.025
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    Based on the pinned joints, carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites with copper bars were prepared to enhance the through-thickness thermal conductivity. Considering the effect of characteristic length and arrangement form of pinned bar, an improved theoretical model was presented to predict the thermal conductivity of the new three phase composites. The mechanical responses on the thermal conductivity enhancement were also explored. The results show that modified prediction model showed better agreement with the experiment results, especially in the range of low volume fraction for pinned bar. In the research range, the pinned joints method could realize obvious thermal conductivity enhancement, and the comprehensive performance was relatively excellent. As the volume fraction of pinned bar increased, the thermal conductivity of composites was increased, and the increasing rate was also increased due to the emergence of heat-affected zone among the pinned bars. In contrast, the tensile and interlaminar shear property gradually decreased, and the loss rate was also slowed down. When the volume fraction of pinned bar was the same, the effects of the characteristic length and arrangement form of bar on the thermal and mechanical properties were unobvious. The squeezing crack of pinned holes became the dominated failure mode, and interface connection between pinned bars and composite matrix was weak, which could be expected to improve by the copper plating technology and simultaneously realized the further enhancement of mechanical-thermal performances.
  • WANG Kewei, TIAN Chao, JIANG Jianxin, HAN Chunrui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4154-4159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.026
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    Targeted drug-delivery material is one of the effective ways to treat cancer. Therefore, the study of preparation and performance improvement of novel targeted drug-loading material is very important. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) material was prepared by ethanol-water solvothermal method with calcium nitrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials and G. heterophylla polysaccharide as modifier. The HAP material was characterized by infrared radiation spectrum (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that polysaccharide organic functional groups were added in HAP materials owing to the G. heterophylla polysaccharide modifier by IR and XRD characterization. The HAP material self-assembled into club-shaped flower ball morphology with G. heterophylla polysaccharide as crystallization nucleation. The crystallinity of HAP material obtained at 160 ℃ was higher than that at 140 ℃. Cytotoxicity of HAP materials was evaluated by using tetrazolium salt (MTT) colorimetry. The cell viability was above 95% with concentration in the range of 0.1-100 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity test shows that the HAP materials were basically non-toxic to hela cells. The drug-delivery property of HAP material using doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) as the anticancer drug was studied. The DOX cumulative drug-loading of functioned HAP materials is up to 142.37 μg/mg. The specific surface area of HAP material was only 22.15 m2/g because its dimension was almost more than 10 um. It was shown that the high cumulative Dox-loading of obtained HAP material was due to the introduction of polysaccharide functional groups. And the HAP materials had a pH-response release property to DOX. The release tests in vitro of external buffer solutions (pH =7.4 and pH=5.0) were studied and the functioned HAP materials had a targeted drug-delivery performance. The targeted release rate was about 15%. These results show that HAP modified by G. heterophylla polysaccharides had potential application value in targeted drug delivery.
  • DAI Jiacheng, WANG Yi, HU Jian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4160-4163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.027
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    As a kind of renewable fiber, tencel fiber has the characteristics of multiple fibril structure. Tencel fiber prepared by fibrillation treatment can be widely used in materials such as supercapacitors and battery separators. In this paper, the highly fibrillated tencel fiber was selected, and the influence of the structure of tencel fiber paper on its dielectric constant and breakdown voltage was discussed. The results show that the measured values of the relative dielectric constant of the tencel fiber paper were in good agreement with the empirical calculations based on the volumetric empirical formula. Using 40 g/m2 electrolytic capacitor paper prepared with tencel fiber, the dielectric strength after calendering could reach 18.27 kV/mm. Considering the composite dielectric series capacitance model, the breakdown voltage of the double-layer tencel fiber paper could be calculated according to the parameters of single-layer paper, thereby guiding the structural formula design of the double-layer capacitor separator.
  • Process & Technology
  • ZHANG Shilong, LI Donglin, LI Tongxin, ZHOU Junxiang, CAO Ting, KONG Xiangze, FAN Xiaoyong, GOU Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4164-4169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.028
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    To overcome poor stability of the lithium-rich and manganese-based layered material xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiMO2(M=Mn, Co, Ni) during charge-discharge long-cycles, we prepared the fluorine-doped Li1.2-Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O2-xFx by sol-gel method in this paper. Our results show that the crystal structure of the fluorine doped materials is similar to that of the undoped material, but the fluorine doping significantly improves the long-cycling stability of the materials during charge-discharge process. After cycling 500 times at a current density of 125 mA/g, the Li1.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08O1.95F0.05 doped with 5% exhibits 79.2% of its initial specific capacity, and the loss of the discharge voltage plateau was greatly decreased. However, the undoped Li1.2Mn0.56-Ni0.16Co0.08O2 material exhibits only 16% of its initial capacity, and its discharge voltage plateau has completely disappeared. These results indicate that fluorine doping can effectively decrease the loss of specific capacity and discharge platform of lithium-rich manganese-based layered cathode materials during charge and discharge process.
  • ZHANG Bingbing, WEI Yanchan, LUO Mingchao, LIAO Shuangquan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4170-4173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.029
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    The main components of natural rubber latex (NRL) are rubber hydrocarbon, water and protein, lipids, inorganic salts and other non-rubber components, and protein has an important influence on the morphology and stability of natural rubber latex particles. In this paper, the deproteinized natural rubber latex (DPNR) with different protein contents treated by centrifugal and enzyme treatment were obtained. The effect of protein on rubber particle size, Zeta potential, gel content and crosslink density were investigated. Through comparative analysis, after centrifugation and enzyme treatment, the protein content decreased, the average particle size increased, the zeta potential decreased, and the gel content and crosslink density decreased. The results show that as the protein content decreases, the rubber particles agglomerate, the surface protective layer integrity and molecular network structure of the particles are destroyed, the cross-linking points between the molecular chains are reduced and the stability is lowered.
  • CHANG Hong, ZHAO Sha, LIU Chunhai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4174-4179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.030
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    In this paper, the single target power adjustable characteristics of multi target magnetron co-sputtering technology were adopted. (AlCrMoNbZr)1-x-yNyOx high entropy alloy coatings were deposited on Zr-4 substrates by adjusting O2 flow rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), nano-indentation and electrochemical workstation were used to characterize the microstructure, morphology, nano-hardness and corrosion resistance of the (AlCrMoNbZr)1-x-yNyOx high entropy alloy coating with different O2 flow. The results showed that the phase structure of the coating was completely transformed from fcc to bcc and maintained a stable bcc structure with the increase of O2 flow from 0 to 15 mL/min. The coating nano-hardness decreased from 22 to 7 GPa with the increase of O2 flow. The (AlCrMoNbZr) 1-x-yNyOx high entropy alloy coating with O2 flow of 10 mL/min exhibited excellent corrosion resistance, and its corrosion current density was about 6 times lower than that of the (AlCrMoNbZr)N coating with O2 flow rate of 0 mL/min.
  • LIU Xiangyang, CUI Jinglei, LIU Dandan, GUO Yanxia, CHENG Fangqin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4180-4186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.031
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    In this study, SBA-15 with a high order degree was synthesized by alkali-hydrothermal synthesis method with fly ash as raw materials and EO20PO70EO20 (P123) as template agent. SBA-15 was modified through grafting amino group onto SBA-15 using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and further functionalized with phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic dianhydride (DTPADA), respectively. The synthesized materials were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, small-angle XRD and Fourier transfer infrared spectrometer (ATR-FT-IR). Finally, with the modified SBA-15 as adsorbents rare earth elements (Yb and Ho) were studied. The results showed that the adsorption efficiencies of Ho and Yb for PAA-SBA-15 reached 89.8%, 94.4% at pH 6, respectively. The adsorption efficiency of Ho and Yb for DTPADA-SBA-15 achieved 92.6%, 89.0% at pH 2, respectively.
  • ZHOU Chuang, LI Puwang, LI Sidong, JIAO Jing, WANG Chao, HE Zuyu, YANG Ziming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4187-4191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.032
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    Tung oil, as an important strategic biomaterial and renewable biomass resource, has attracted increasing attention due to its high value of research and application. In this study, eleostearic acid glyceride (the main component of tung oil) was transformed to methyl eleostearate (ME) by transesterification, and then reacted with catechol (CAT) via Friedel-Crafts alkylation using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst. The alkylation products (CAT-ME) similar to urushiol (urushiol analogues) were successfully synthesized, and confirmed by the characterization results of infrared spectroscopy, UV visible spectroscopy, NMR spectra and HPLC-MS spectra.
  • WANG Xinke, QIANG Xihuai, DING Zhiwen, ZHANG Yue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4192-4196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.033
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    A red waterborne polyurethane-based dye was successfully synthesized by importing the acid red B into the polyurethane chain ends via the reaction of the polymerition of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), polypropylene glycol 1000 (PPG-1000) and 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA).The structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), the particle size distribution of the polyurethane disperse emulsion was measured, and the finishing experiments of crust leather were conducted. The optimal R value of the prepolymerization was 3∶1 and the total R value of the polymerization was 1.1 in the polymerization process. The particle size of the polyurethane disperse emulsion mainly distributed in 80-160 μm. The dry & wet rubbing fastness, the washing fastness and the colour fastness to migration of the crust leather coating by the treatment of the polymeric dye excellently reached 5 level, which were higher than those of the acid red B coloring coating.
  • LI Xue, DIAO Haipeng, WANG Haojiang, LI Lihong, DONG Anjie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4197-4200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.034
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    The layered double hydroxide LDH is one kind of nano drug carriers which have special layered structure, low toxicity, degradability and sustained drug release property. In our study, a low toxicity targeted drug release system LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU with fine degradability was synthesized. In order to obtain the maximum drug loading for the system LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU, the control variable method was used to detect the encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and particle size of LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU at different reaction times, different reaction temperatures and different concentrations of HA-PEG. Finally, the optimal reaction condition for one-method synthesis of LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU was obtained: thermostatic waterbath of 70 ℃, 24 h of reaction time and 1 mg/mL of the concentration of HA-PEG. The drug delivery system of LDH/HA-PEG/5-FU synthesized under the above conditions was able to obtain the maximum drug loading.
  • ZHOU Quanzhu, XU Haibo, DU Min, LU Yonghong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4201-4206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.035
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    Surface modification of carbon nanotube can significantly improve their surface activity, dispersion stability and the compatibility between carbon nanotube and matrix material, thereby improving the reinforcing effect in the composite material. In this paper, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) prepared by electrochemical methods were used as dispersants and crosslinkers to modify the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by non-covalent bonds to obtain MWCNTs/GQDs composites. The modified MWCNTs/GQDs composites were combined with commercial ultrafine copper powder to obtain copper matrix composites (MWCNTs/GQDs/Cu) with good electrical conductivity and oxidation resistance. Results show that GQDs were adsorbed on the surface of MWCNTs by π-π bond in aqueous solution, and the stable concentration of MWCNTs was as high as 1.0 g/L. When the 3.0wt% MWCNTs/GQDs composite was combined with the commercial ultrafine copper powder, the electrical conductivity increased by 5.67% IACS and the oxidation temperature increased by 53.0 ℃.
  • ZHANG Lan, CHEN Runfeng, MA Huizhong, RUAN Xinwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4207-4210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.036
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    Aluminium-manganese-graphene composite coating was prepared by AlCl3+LiAlH4+MnCl2 tetrahydrofuran-benzene organic solvent system on the 7075 aluminum alloy substrate. The influence of graphene concentration, current density, electroplating time, mixing speed on micro hardness and friction coefficient was studied by the orthogonal experiment design method and extremum difference analysis method. The single-factor optimization experiment was conducted by the significant factors of graphene concentration. The micro hardness, friction coefficient, surface morphology, structure and composition of the composite coating were studied and the best graphene concentration conditions of the surface hardness and friction coefficient were selected.
  • LI Xuelian, YANG Le, XING Xinxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4211-4216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.037
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    To ensure the ultra-thin asphalt overlay not only is the preventive maintenance layer but also has the cooling effect, a color ultra-thin asphalt overlay was prepared in this study. In the color ultra-thin overlay, the waterborne epoxy resin was added into the binder, the iron oxide red was mixed with the aggregate, and the fine aggregate was replaced by the emery with better wearing resistance. First, the optimum blending amount of waterborne epoxy resin and the iron oxide red was determined through outdoor cooling test. According to the wet track abrasion test (WTAT) and the load wheel test (LWT), the optimum binder content was confirmed. Finally, the performance of the colored ultra-thin asphalt overlay was comprehensively evaluated by the outdoor cooling test and the pavement performance test. The results show that the binder was increased and the pavement temperature was decreased by the waterborne epoxy resin. The WTAT value and LWT value could both be reduced by the addition of waterborne epoxy resin. The temperature drop was increased with the addition of iron oxide red. The optimum content of the waterborne epoxy resin, iron oxide red and binder content for the color ultra-thin overlay, were 40%, 6.5% and 3.0%. The temperature drop of each layer of the pavement was increased by more than 100% under this dosage. Moreover, the pavement performance of the color ultra-thin asphalt overlay could be improved by the waterborne epoxy resin while decreased a little bit by the iron oxide red. In short, the color ultra-thin asphalt overlay prepared here can reduce the pavement temperature, keep the pavement from water seepage and improve pavement performance. It can be applied to highway pavement preventive maintenance engineering.
  • XU Tengtun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(4): 4217-4220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.04.038
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    In this paper, NiO/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation, and their composition and morphology were characterized by means of XRD, XPS and SEM. Catalytic biomass gasification experiments were carried out using municipal solid waste as biomass raw material, NiO/titanium dioxide composite material and ICI46-1 catalyst as catalyst. The catalytic activity and service life of NiO/titanium dioxide catalyst and ICI46-1 catalyst were compared. The results show that the NiO/TiO2 composite material contained two phases of anatase TiO2 and NiO, whose morphology was nano-sphere, and the size of microsphere was about 1 μm. NiO was attached to the surface of TiO2 nano-flower in the form of nano-particles. This structure was beneficial to the increase of specific surface area and catalytic activity of NiO/TiO2 composites. The catalytic gasification test resulted show that the catalytic activity of NiO/TiO2 was obviously better than that of ICI46-1 catalyst. When the service life was 300 min, the gas yield of municipal solid waste pine wood gasification was 1.70 m3/kg (MSW), while the tar in gas was only 0.27 g/m3. When the service life reached 300 min, the activity of the catalyst remained above 98%, prolonging the service life of the catalyst.