30 March 2024, Volume 55 Issue 3
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Antibacterial technologies in hydrogels
    CHEN Yumo, YANG Ruihao, WU Yongjie, ZHANG Gengxin, SUN Kang, TAO Ke
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3001-3008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Bacterial infections and their drug resistance are one of the enormous health challenges in the world today, causing huge casualties and economic losses worldwide every year. Hydrogel is a three-dimensional polymer network structure colloid with good hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network, good biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Therefore, hydrogel is a new type of biomaterial suitable for the antibacterial application and is expected to become a potential antibacterial material to solve antibiotic resistance. According to the corresponding antibacterial methods, the antibacterial technologies in hydrogels can be roughly classified into the following categories: (i) hydrogels loaded with antibacterial substances; (ii) hydrogels with inherent antibacterial activity; (iii) antibacterial hydrogels using photoresponsive therapy. This article will briefly introduce the basic principles, methods and applications of various hydrogel antibacterial technologies, and preliminarily discuss the difficulties and challenges in the future.
  • Effect of metakaolin on physical and mechanical properties and microstructure of foamed concrete
    WANG Xinquan, SUN Qiang, LI Xiao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3009-3016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.002
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    In order to explore the influence of metakaolin on foam concrete, foamed concrete with dry density of 600 kg/m3 was prepared, The effects of metakaolin on the fluidity, 28-day compressive and flexural strength, water absorption and softening coefficient of foamed concrete were studied by replacing cement with different mass fractions (6%, 12%, 18%, 24%, 30%) of metakaolin. The changes of phase composition, pore structure and microstructure were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The test and research results show that metakaolin can significantly improve the compressive strength of foamed concrete, and the best content of flexural strength, water absorption and softening coefficient is 12%, which can be explained by the mutual reflection and improvement mechanism of phase analysis and micro morphology. Microstructure analysis shows that metakaolin has a positive effect on foam concrete by improving compactness and pore structure.
  • Preparation ofgraphdiyne hollow flower nanospheres and the performance of electrocatalytic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide with high selectivity
    ZHOU Yougui, LIU Tongchang, GUO Lihua, SHANG Hong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3017-3022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.003
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    Graphdiyne is a two-dimensional all carbon material that can be synthesized at the condition of low temperature and normal pressure. In this experiment, copper nanoparticles were used as the substrate and catalyst to prepare graphdiyne nanospheres. After removing copper nanoparticles, graphdiyne hollow flower nanospheres were obtained. Through the characterization of the composition and morphology by Raman, XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM, it demonstrated the successful preparation of graphdiyne. Without any conductive materials, the graphdiyne nanospheres can be directly used as a catalyst for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide with a selectivity of 76%, verifying the advantage of graphdiyne in the process of oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide. The experiment is comprehensive and can be introduced into professional course teaching and innovative experiments as a research frontier and an ideological and political education element.
  • Progress in research on the effect ofgraphene oxide and its dispersion method on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cement-based materials
    WANG Yue, ZHAO Siyi, YU Peiyao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3023-3034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.004
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    Graphene oxide (GO) has promising applications in improving the microstructure and mechanical properties of cementitious materials due to its excellent properties. However, the enhancement effect of GO is largely dependent on its dispersion in the cement matrix. This paper summarizes the research results of GO in cementitious materials in recent years, focusing on the review of GO dispersion methods, dispersion mechanisms, and the corresponding mechanical property improvement mechanisms, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of different GO dispersion methods, and analyzing the effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cementitious materials before and after GO dispersion. The problems of the current research are pointed out, and an outlook on future research trends is provided, aiming to provide a basis for subsequent GO in cementitious materials for stable applications, in order to promote the preparation of highly functionalized GO cementitious composite reinforced materials.
  • Effect of heat treatment and foam iron on the dry sliding frictional properties of A356-SiCp/Fe
    LI Ruoyun, HE Guoqiu, LIU Xiaoshan, LIU Yinfu, ZHOU Zhiqiang, LIAO Yiping
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3035-3041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.005
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    Vacuum-assisted fusion infiltration process is used to prepare foam iron skeleton as the reinforcement of SiCp/A359 composite material A359-SiCp/Fe. The microhardness and high-temperature wear properties of the two materials before and after foam iron enhancement and T6 heat treatment were compared to make clear the effect of foam iron and T6 heat treatment on the enhancement of high-temperature wear properties of A359-SiCp/Fe composite material. The use of SEM was combined with the EDS to characterize the observation of the surface wear morphology, the abrasive debris morphology, as well as wear of the longitudinal cross-section, in order to explore the high-temperature wear mechanism of the material at different temperatures. The results indicated that A359-SiCp/Fe was prepared using vacuum-assisted fusion infiltration process, and the Al-Fe interface was well bonded, forming not only mechanical bonding, but also chemical metallurgical bonding. The wear amount of A359-SiCp/Fe at 300-500 ℃ was only 25%-75% of that of the unreinforced alloy, which effectively increased the use temperature in high-temperature environments by more than 50-100 ℃. T6 heat treatment could significantly improve the hardness of the Al matrix and the degree of metallurgical bonding at the Al-Fe interface, and the effect was more pronounced at 300-500 ℃, effectively improving the material's high-temperature wear resistance. The grinding form of the material was affected by the temperature, which is abrasive wear at 100 ℃. When the friction temperature reached 350 ℃, the surface appeared delamination and spalling, and adhesive wear was began at 500 ℃.
    • Review & Advance
  • Progress on self-assembly and properties of Fe-based MOFs and their composites
    XU Jingli, LI Haijian, YI Jianhua, ZHAO Fengqi, HAO Yucheng, CAO Xin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3042-3050. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.006
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    Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging porous materials connected through organic ligands, which have broad application prospects in gas storage, drug transportation, catalysis, and chemical sensing. This article provides an overview of the prediction and design of Fe based MOFs based on the combination of density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML). It provided a detailed description of the main synthetic methods for Fe-based MOFs materials and pointed out the crystal structure and coordination environment characteristics of these materials. The synthesis methods of Fe-MOFs based composites were summarized by combining nano powders. The applications of Fe MOFs and their composite materials in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation, adsorption, conductivity, catalysis, and other properties were summarized, and the shortcomings in the current development of Fe MOFs and their composite materials were shown. Finally, a summary and outlook on Fe based MOFs and their composite materials were presented.
  • Preparation of biomass-based carbon materials and its research progress in supercapacitors
    LI Xinrui, ZHANG Jincai, SONG Huiping, CHENG Fangqin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3051-3063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.007
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    Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted more and more attention as efficient and cheap supercapacitor electrode materials due to their renewability and flexible microstructure tunability. However, the original biomass-derived carbon has the disadvantages of low porosity, low specific surface area and insufficient specific capacitance. The specific surface area, pore structure and conductivity of electrode materials will affect the energy storage performance of supercapacitors. Therefore, how to fabricate electrode materials with high specific capacitance, fast charge and discharge and certain flexibility has become the focus of current research. In this paper, the classification and energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors and the preparation methods and research status of biomass-based carbon materials are reviewed. The key performance evaluation parameters of high-quality load electrodes are analyzed, and the influencing factors of their electrochemical performance are systematically discussed. The future development trend is to integrate different types of energy storage devices into composite energy storage devices to meet the needs of various fields. Composite energy storage devices have greatly improved the comprehensive performance of supercapacitors. Therefore, the development of efficient and stable energy storage technology is of great significance for alleviating energy shortage, reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development.
  • Research progress on interface engineering of magnesium-air batteries from new electrolytes and additives
    QIU Shuaishuai, CAO Xianlong, WAN Tao, LI Yuhuan, TIAN Weiwei, WEI Yanjiang, DENG Hongda, TAN Bochuan, YU Daliang, LAN Wei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3064-3072. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.008
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    The magnesium-air battery has garnered significant attention due to its high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, the magnesium anode/electrolyte interface suffers from irreversible electrolysis-deposition, anode self-corrosion, and hydrogen evolution issues, which severely impact the battery's stability, safety, lifespan, and power density. Electrolyte modulation is a crucial approach to enhancing the properties of the anode/electrolyte interface and consequently improving the overall performance of magnesium-air batteries. This article provides an overview of recent research and developments in electrolyte additives and novel electrolytes for magnesium-air batteries. Electrolyte additives can be categorized into three major classes: inorganic, organic, and composite. They have the potential to suppress anode corrosion, enhance ionic conductivity, and improve anode efficiency. Novel electrolytes primarily encompass new aqueous electrolytes and gel-based electrolytes. The former can mitigate detrimental side reactions, such as hydrogen evolution, while the latter can prevent electrolyte leakage and offer high ionic conductivity with low leakage current. The development of more novel electrolyte additives and innovative electrolytes holds promise for enhancing the performance and stability of magnesium-air batteries in the future.
  • Summaryof research on graphene oxide composite fiber material cement-based composites
    HAN Leiying, WANG Xuezhi, XIN Ming, WANG Siyue, HE Jingjing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3073-3082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.009
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    Graphene oxide (GO), as a derivative of graphene (G), has excellent mechanical properties and thermal conductivity similar to graphene, and its hydrophilic functional groups make it easier to disperse in water and combine with cement-based materials. A large number of studies have shown that adding GO into cement matrix can not only enhance the mechanical properties and durability of cement matrix, but also enhance the electromagnetic shielding properties and thermal conductivity of cement matrix, which provides the possibility for the development of multifunctional and intelligent concrete. Focusing on the application of GO mixed with other functional fiber materials in cement-based materials, this paper briefly describes the performance characteristics and structural characteristics of GO, thus indicating the breadth and scope of its application in cement-based materials, emphatically summarizes the research on the dispersion of GO and the working performance, hydration process, mechanical properties, durability and functional properties of GO mixed with fiber cement-based materials, and looks forward to the future research direction of GO mixed with fiber cement-based materials.
  • Research progress of new component contact materials and their arc erosion
    WANG Ying, WANG Jun, WANG Jun, ZHANG Wenyi, LI Zhiguo, ZHANG Huimin, LI Jianwen
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3083-3093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.010
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    The electrical contact materials are widely used in various low-voltage switching devices such as electrical switches, relays, contactors and circuit breakers, and their characteristics are of great importance to the switching capacity, reliability, stability and service life of the overall electrical system. The conventional Ag-based contact materials have good performance, but still suffer from defects such as high contact resistance, low interfacial bonding strength, and poor plasticity, and their applications are limited to some extent. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have reported new group element contact materials such as Ag-SnO2-MeO, Ag-GNPs, Ag-MAX and Ag-RE on the basis of the traditional Ag-based contact materials. This paper will review the current research status of new Ag-based contact materials in terms of their organization and properties as well as arc erosion performance, and finally summarize the key scientific issues and challenges facing new Ag-based contact materials and look forward to their future development trends.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on the interface properties and thermal stability of PbTe/FeMn thermoelectric joint
    CHEN Yibo, FAN Wenhao, AN Decheng, CHEN Shaoping
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3094-3101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.011
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    The mechanical properties and thermal stability of Fe/PbTe thermoelectric joints are poor due to the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient and mechanical interlocking interface connection. Considering the controllability of the thermal expansion coefficient of the alloy, specific active elements are added to Fe to form metallurgical bonding at the interface through diffusion and reaction, which can improve the interface bonding performance. In this paper, we selected Fe100xMnx (x=0, 5, 10, 15) alloy as electrodes through high-throughput experiments and connected them with n-type Pb0.98Ga0.02Te using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. The results show that the thermal expansion coefficient of FeMn alloy becomes closer to that of Pb0.98Ga0.02Te with the increase of Mn content, which effectively reduces the interface mismatch. The Fe-Pb-Ga element interdiffusion layer appeared at the interface after aging 15 d, which demonstrating metallurgical bonding characteristics. The contact resistivity of Fe90Mn10/Pb0.98Ga0.02Te/Fe90Mn10 is 10.12 μΩ·cm2 after aging for 15 d. The conversion efficiency remains stable at about 4.3%. The shear strength increases to 21.44 MPa. Based on the high-throughput selection of alloy electrodes, the above technical route provides a new way to design the thermoelectric interface.
  • Preparation and performance study of nano filler modified epoxy resin building insulation materials
    ZHAI Simin, HUANG Jinxia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3102-3106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.012
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    Epoxy resin based concrete, as a green and environmentally friendly building material, is widely used in road repair and insulation construction. A composite epoxy resin based concrete was prepared using epoxy resin E44 as the raw material, xylene as the diluent, and nano glass fibers as the filler. The effects of different lengths of nano glass fibers on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and insulation performance of the concrete were studied. The results showed that the doping of nano glass fibers played a “seed crystal” role, promoted the hydration reaction, and improved the compactness of epoxy resin based concrete. The appropriate increase in the length of nano glass fibers improved the bonding strength between concrete and fibers. When the length of nano glass fibers was 8 mm, the morphology of concrete was optimal. As the length of nano glass fibers increased, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete first increased and then decreased. After 28 d of curing, when the length of the nanoglass fiber was 8 mm, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete reached their maximum values, which were 21.93 and 4.59 MPa, respectively. The doping of nano glass fibers improved the pore structure of concrete, reduced thermal conductivity, and improved insulation performance. When the length of the nanoglass fiber was 8 mm, the minimum thermal conductivity of concrete was 0.147 W/(m·K), indicating the best insulation performance.
  • Study on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cold sprayed Zn-Al alloy coatings
    LI Ruiqi, DING Xiang, DING Zhangxiong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3107-3112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.013
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    A high-pressure cold sprayed Zn-Al alloy coating was prepared using Q235 steel as the substrate, and the effect of substrate roughness on the microstructure, microhardness, and bonding strength of the cold sprayed Zn-Al alloy coating was studied. Research has shown that the cold sprayed Zn-Al alloy coating has a dense organizational structure, with a porosity of less than 0.5%, and no powder phase transformation or oxidation occurs during the spraying process. As the substrate roughness increases, the mechanical bite of the coating substrate interface is significantly improved. The effect of substrate roughness on the microhardness of coatings is mainly concentrated near the coating substrate interface. As the substrate roughness increases, the microhardness of coatings near this interface increases, while the microhardness of coatings far away from this interface is not significantly affected by substrate roughness. The substrate roughness has a significant impact on the bonding strength of the coating. When the substrate roughness increases from 1.6 μm to 10.2 μm, the bonding strength of the coating increases from 4.5 MPa to 46.4 MPa, and the tensile fracture failure mode changes from adhesive fracture to a composite failure mode of adhesive fracture and adhesive fracture.
  • The influence of rare earth element Tm doping on the thermoelectric properties of Cu2S
    LIU Jing, LI Yunkai, WANG Lige
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3113-3121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.014
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    Cu2S has low lattice thermal conductivity and narrow band gap width, and its excellent thermoelectric performance, low cost, and non-toxic properties have attracted widespread attention in the research field of thermoelectric materials. The present work adopts a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and vacuum sintering to prepare Cu2S based thermoelectric materials. Through phase and composition characterization, as well as thermoelectric performance testing, the influence of rare earth element Tm doping on the thermoelectric properties of Cu2S based materials has been studied. First-principles calculations are used to develop the band structure and density of states of Cu2S. The results indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis method can obtain Cu31S16 powders, and the phase transformation occurs during the vacuum sintering process, from the original Cu31S16 to Cu2S. Tm element doping can significantly improve the crystallization performance of Cu2S powders, and with the increase of doping content, the agglomeration phenomenon of Cu2S gradually disappears. The Seebeck coefficient of Cu2S increases with the increase of Tm doping amount, with Cu2S doped with 2% Tm at a phase transition temperature of 350 ℃ and the Seebeck coefficient reaching a peak of 1589.71 μV/K. With the increase of doping elements and temperature, the electrical conductivity of Cu2S gradually decreases. The thermal conductivity of Cu2S doped with Tm in the medium to high temperature range has a gradual downward trend. The results showed that the figure of merit of Cu2S doped with 2% Tm increases from 0.1 to 0.4, exhibiting an increase of 300%.
  • Preparation and hydrogen evolution performance of Ag2S modified TiO2 nanotubes composite electrode
    LIU Wenkai, LUO Jie, YANG Ziqun, ZHANG Yuechun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3122-3127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.015
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    The Ag2S/TNTs hydrogen evolution electrode was prepared by chemical bath deposition of Ag2S on highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) using sodium sulfide and silver nitrate as starting materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the electrodes. The results showed that Ag2S particles were uniformly deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes without destroying the original morphology and structure of the nanotubes. The hydrogen evolution performance of the composite electrode with different deposition cycles of Ag2S was analyzed by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Tafel curve, double layer capacitance analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) at room temperature of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4. Compared with TNTs, Ag2S/TNTs showed better hydrogen evolution performance. When the number of Ag2S deposition cycles is 9, the overpotential of the prepared composite electrode reaches 288.14 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2, the Tafel slope is 61.8 mV/dec, the double layer capacitance is 54.7 mF/cm2, and the internal resistance of charge transfer is reduced to 0.7 Ω/cm2.
  • Research on temperature control performance of porous aluminum framework/composite phase change materials
    HU Zhihan, HUANG Shufeng, FAN Fanglei, SHI Dongmin, LAN Ning
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3128-3137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.016
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    Phase change energy storage material (PCM) has the advantages of high heat storage density and almost constant temperature in the process of heat storage/release. It is an ideal solution to solve the problem of high heat flux in the narrow space of electronic devices. However, the low thermal conductivity and poor heat transfer efficiency of PCM limit its application. To solve the above problems, the porous aluminum skeleton was prepared by 3D printing using paraffin as phase change material, and then the paraffin was poured into the porous aluminum skeleton by water bath perfusion method to prepare porous aluminum skeleton/composite phase change material (AS-PCM). The temperature control performance of three different porosity of 95%, 85% and 75% was explored through experiments. The experimental results show that the addition of porous aluminum skeleton can enhance the heat transfer of PCM, thus reducing the temperature of heat source. At higher power, AS-PCM improves heat transfer more obviously. Before melted, the bottom temperature and temperature gradient of the low porosity AS-PCM heat sink are lower. The use of porous aluminum skeleton instead of foam metal provides a new porous metal matrix for improving the thermal conductivity of PCMs.
  • Study on electrical heating properties of graphene-skinned glass fiber
    ZOU Liangyu, GU Wei, JI Renhao, YUAN Hao, JIN Senlin, WANG Qiang, HAN Huiping
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3138-3143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.017
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    The glass fiber cloth is a kind of composite material made of graphene and glass fiber. The covering rate of graphene on glass fiber is more than 99 %, so it is an excellent electric heating material. In order to study the electrical heating properties of the glass cloth made of montmorillonite and promote its application in related fields, the electrical heating properties of the glass cloth made of montmorillonite with different surface resistance values were tested. The results show that, on the macroscopic level, the monofilament fiber is 7.5 μm in diameter. The color of the monofilament fiber is uniform and the color difference is not obvious. There are 312 monofilaments in a single tow, the space between square holes is 430.27-438.34 μm, and the twist is controlled at about 70 twist. At the micro-level, shown by the scanning electron microscope, the surface of the tow is covered evenly by graphene, not flaky, incomplete or wrinkled, and the surface of the monofilament is smooth and clean while the obvious 2D and G peaks were observed by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the lower the surface resistance is, the faster the heating rate is, and the higher the stability of the electric heating temperature is. The electrical heating temperature of 150 Ω/□ graphene-skinned glass fiber cloth can be rapidly stabilized at 543 ℃, and the heating rate can reach 185.1 ℃/s. For the graphene-skinned glass fiber cloth with large surface resistance, both the temperature stability and the temperature rise rate show a significant downward trend at the same voltage, and the surface resistance of different surface resistance specifications of graphene-skinned glass fiber cloth is negatively correlated with the electric heating temperature. There is a positive correlation between the input voltage and the electric heating temperature.
  • Study on the adsorption and enrichment performance of manganese ion by D001 type resin
    SONG Xiaosan, YUE Zilin, SONG Xichen, LIU Bo, ZHANG Yue, FAN Jishuo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3144-3149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.018
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    This article investigates the adsorption and desorption properties of D001 resin on Mn2+. Static adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the isothermal model and adsorption kinetics of Mn2+ adsorption. Dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted at different flow rates, pH values and adsorption times, and the degree of Mn2+ enrichment by the resin was also investigated by controlling the flow rate and concentration of regeneration solution, and characterization tests were carried out on the resin before and after adsorption, as well as after several adsorption-regeneration tests of the resin. The results showed that the adsorption of manganese was more consistent with the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm, and that the quasi-primary kinetic model best simulated the kinetic data of the manganese adsorption reaction. The best adsorption effect was achieved at a flow rate of 8 m/h, pH 4, and adsorption time of 270 min, and the best Mn2+ enrichment effect was achieved at a regeneration solution flow rate of 1.5 m/h and a concentration of 3 mol/L, which was 60 times that of the original sample. Finally, the adsorption mechanism of manganese binding with sulfonic acid group was confirmed by FT-IR.
  • Analysis of resistivity and conductive mechanism of graphite conductive concrete
    ZHAO Yanru, YAO Bo, WEI Di, JIANG Tibiao, HOU Mingliang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3150-3158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.019
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    The graphite conductive phase material is used to replace the fine aggregate to prepare the functional conductive concrete, and the concrete matrix can be heated by electricity heating to achieve the purpose of snow melting and ice melting. Resistivity is the main index to measure the electrical conductivity of concrete, which is easily affected by factors such as concrete moisture content and ambient temperature. In this paper, graphite, graphite ore and graphite tailings were used as conductive phases to prepare conductive concrete. The mechanical properties of three kinds of graphite conductive phase concrete, the resistivity evolution law and microscopic properties of graphite concrete under different temperatures and water contents were studied, and the conductive mechanism of graphite concrete was analyzed. The results show that the increase of conductive phase content, temperature and water content reduces the resistivity of concrete, and the incorporation of conductive phase reduces the resistivity most significantly. In addition, the results of SEM and EDS tests showed that the content of carbon in the concrete matrix increased significantly under different dosage conditions, which verified that the addition of graphite materials could promote the electrical conductivity of concrete, but it would cause holes and micro-cracks in the concrete matrix, which had an adverse effect on the strength of graphite concrete.
  • Study on highly responsive photocatalytic degradation of dyes by rare earth La doped TiO2 nanofibers
    GE Yeqian, XU Jiaqi, CAO Qi, ZHANG Xiaxia, WANG Yifeng, XU Fujun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3159-3164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.020
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    In order to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 and investigate the effect of metal ion doping on photocatalytic performance of TiO2, the electrospinning technology and calcination process were used to prepare La3+/TiO2 nanofiber membrane. The morphology and structure of the material were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and TG tests. With methylene blue as the target degradation agent, the mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation and degradation of dyes by La3+ modified TiO2 was further studied. The results showed that when the dye concentration was 10 mg/L and the concentration of La3+ doped modified TiO2 nanofibers was 15 mg/10 mL, the degradation rate was 63.41% after 10 minutes of catalysis, and 99.87% after 70 min of catalysis, which was 6.36% higher than the degradation rate of undoped TiO2 nanofibers. It can be seen that La3+ doping improves the photocatalytic degradation rate of TiO2, reducing the required time.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effect of copper mining wastewater on the properties of alkali-activated fly ash/slag cementitious materials
    YU Menglong, LI Jin, XIE Jiankai, WANG Yonghui, ZHAO Cheng, LI Xiangkun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3165-3169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.021
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    This study employs copper mining wastewater (CMw) as mixing water to prepare alkali-activated fly ash/slag (AAFS) cementitious material, aiming to expedite the resourceful utilization of CMw. The influence of varying CMw dosages on the setting time, hydration characteristics, hydration products, pore structure, and compressive strength of AAFS was investigated through this study. The results indicate that the incorporation of CMw in AAFS slightly prolongs its setting process while slightly promoting the hydration process of AAFS. This phenomenon is attributed to the acidity of CMw, residual organic reagents, and metallic ions present. By adding varying amounts of CMw, the gel pores of AAFS continue increasing, while the transitional pores gradually decrease in volume. The compressive strength exhibits a trend of initial enhancement followed by a slight reduction. When the CMw dosage reaches 50%, the compressive strength of AAFS shows the greatest improvement, with increments of 12.23% (3 d), 21.07% (7 d), and 16.74% (28 d), respectively. These research findings offer new insights and references for the resource utilization of copper mining wastewater.
  • Effect of fly ash content on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement based on light burnt magnesium oxide
    LI Nan, LIANG Yun, ZHONG Jianjun, LI Weihong, WAN Detian
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3170-3177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.022
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    In this paper, the goal is to realize the 3d Printing of low-carbon magnesium phosphate cement materials prepared from light-burned magnesium oxide as raw material. With the help of the self-developed mixing and extrusion function-based building 3d Printing equipment, the influence of different fly ash content on the properties and printing properties of magnesium phosphate cement materials prepared from light-burned magnesium oxide was investigated. The influence of fly ash on its hydration products and crystal appearance was further analyzed by XRD and SEM micro-tests. The results show that the setting time of magnesium phosphate cement prepared from light burned magnesium oxide is greatly shortened compared with that of heavy burned magnesium oxide. The addition of fly ash has a little effect on the setting time of the material, which is about 2-3 min, but it has a negative effect on the compressive strength and interfacial bond strength. When the content of fly ash is 30% of the mass of magnesium phosphate cement, the compressive strength and interfacial bond strength decrease by about 34.24% and 48.94%, respectively. When the content of fly ash is less than 20%, it can effectively improve the dry shrinkage rate of light-burned magnesia-based magnesium phosphate cement material and increase the volume stability. The active substances in fly ash participate in the hydration reaction, and the generated hydration products show good chemical compatibility with magnesium phosphate cement, making the structure more compact. When the content of fly ash is 20%-25%, the prepared light burned MgO-based magnesium phosphate cement for 3d Printing has good working performance, volume stability, extrusion performance and construction performance, and meets the mechanical requirements of 3d Printing for cement-based materials.
  • Preparation and UV detection properties of Au modified ZnO nanomaterials
    SHANG Shiguang, GUO Shuai, LI Jiazhen
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3178-3183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.023
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    Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods modified with gold (Au) nanoparticles were prepared by magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal method, and characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and fluorescence spectrometer at different sputtering powers. The experimental results show that the ZnO nanorods at different sputtering powers are hexagonal wurtzite structure, grow along the crystal surface (002), and have high crystallinity. The UV excitation intensity of modified ZnO nanorods can be effectively enhanced by attaching Au nanoparticles to the surface. When the RF sputtering power is 80 W, ZnO nanorods show the best UV detection performance. Compared with unmodified ZnO nanorods, Au nanoparticles can inhibit the persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect of ZnO nanorods, and the response/recovery time of UV detection is reduced by 6.05 s and 4.54 s, respectively. The photodark current ratio is increased from 9.31 to 32.40, and the photo responsiveness is up to 1.94 A/W, which significantly enhances the UV detection capability of ZnO nanorods.
  • Modification of aged asphalt by blending of bio-oil and activated crumb rubber
    HU Chunhua, SUN Zhaobin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3184-3190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.024
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    In order to improve the performance of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP),different dosages of activated crumb rubber (ACR) and waste cooking oil (WCO) were added to aged asphalt, which was analyzed in terms of rheological properties and microscopic characteristics. The results show that WCO can not only be used as a rejuvenator to improve aged asphalt, but also as a solubilizer to fully dissolve the crumb rubber to enhance the overall performance of asphalt. Fluorescence microscopy (FM) analysis showed that moderate amount of WCO helps to improve the compatibility of crumb rubber in asphalt. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that the aged asphalt rejuvenation process is a physical co-mingling, while the crumb rubber modification process is accompanied by a small amount of chemical reaction. Finally, combining the rheological results and microstructure of modified recycled asphalt, the optimal dosages of WCO and ACR were recommended to be 10% and 18%, respectively.
  • Study onthe effect of high modulus & warm modifier on asphalt physical index and fatigue performance
    YIN Yingmei, ZHANG Yikang, GAO Yuhao, TANG Liangqi, LYU Jianbing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3191-3197. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.025
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    In order to investigate physical index and the fatigue performance of base asphalt modified by different high modulus & warm agent content, the dynamic sweep tests for 70# base asphalt with different high modulus & warm agent content were carried out using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Firstly, modified asphalt with different agent content was prepared, and then the basic performance of the modified asphalt with different agent content was evaluated. The mixing temperature and compaction temperature of asphalts contained different modifier content were compared by the Brookfield viscosity test. Then the rheometer was used to analyze the fatigue properties of modified asphalt with different modifiers (0%, 2%, 3%, 4%) content and SBS modified asphalt based on linear amplitude sweep test and viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model. Finally, based on the dynamic sweep test, the dissipated energy principle was applied to investigate the fatigue performance of asphalt with different dosage modifiers. At the same time, the test results of different dosage-modified 70# asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt were compared with each other, and the mechanism of the modifier's action was analyzed. The test results show that with the increasing of additive modifier, the softening point of asphalt has improved, while the penetration and ductility have decreased. In comparison, the softening point of modified asphalt with modifier 3% content is slightly better than that of SBS modified asphalt. With the increase of modifier content, the viscosity of modified asphalt decreases first and then increases, the mixing and rolling temperature of asphalts with modifier is equivalent to that of 70# asphalt, which is far less than that of SBS modified asphalt. That is to say, modifiers can have a certain warm mixing effect. The fatigue performance of modified asphalt with appropriate modifier content is better than that of SBS modified asphalt, and the recommended content of high modulus & warm modifier is 3%. The research results will provide a theoretical basis for the road engineering of high modulus & warm modifier new pavement materials.
  • Research and evaluation on the proportioning of three phase conductive concrete
    CHEN Ningxuan, HU Shaowei, TIAN Xinru
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3198-3205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.026
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    Based on the orthogonal experiments, using carbon fiber, steel fiber, and nano carbon black as admixtures, the resistivity and compressive strength of specimens at each mix ratio were measured, and the results were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process and grey correlation method. The research results indicated that the resistivity increases with the increase of CF, SF, and NCB content. The compressive strength increases with the increase of CF and SF content, and decreases with the increase of NCB content. CF has the most significant impact on electrical resistivity and compressive strength. The percolation thresholds of conductive concrete in the experiment are at CF, SF, and NCB dosages of 0.6 v%, 0.3 v% and 0.6 w%, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that the conductive concrete has the best performance when the CF, SF, and NCB dosages are 0.9 v%, 0.7 v%, and 0.6 w%, respectively, with a compressive strength increase of 31.8% and a resistivity decrease of 98.9% compared to the blank group.
  • Preparation and properties of expanded graphite based phase change energy storage materials
    ZHOU Li, LIU Yang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3206-3212. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.027
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    The expanded graphite-paraffin composite phase change energy storage material was prepared by vacuum impregnation method, with expanded graphite as the main thermal material and paraffin as the phase change heat storage material. The effect of paraffin mass fraction on the microstructure, phase structure, and thermal performance of composite phase change energy storage materials were studied. The results indicate that the composite phase change energy storage material generated by the reaction of expanded graphite and paraffin mainly relies on physical adsorption and binding, and paraffin evenly covers the surface and pores of expanded graphite. When the mass fraction of paraffin is 91%, the sealing and structural density of the composite phase change energy storage material are the best, with almost no leakage. As the mass fraction of paraffin increases, the melting point of composite phase change energy storage materials gradually increases, and the thermal decomposition temperature gradually increases. The thermal decomposition temperature of composite phase change energy storage materials with 91% paraffin mass fraction is about 15 ℃ higher than that of phase change materials with 85% paraffin mass fraction. As the mass fraction of paraffin increases, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient of composite phase change energy storage materials continue to decrease, the density first decreases and then increases, and the specific heat continues to increase. When the mass fraction of paraffin is 91%, the density of the composite phase change energy storage material is the minimum value of 0.794 g/cm3, corresponding to a specific heat of 5.462 J/(g·K). Analysis shows that the composite phase change energy storage material with a paraffin mass fraction of 91% has the best comprehensive performance.
  • Synthesis ofpoly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/MXene composite material and its capacitance properties research
    LIU Juanjuan, XUAN Xiaodie, DU Zifu, LIU Lulu, GAO Loujun, GAO Xiaoming, JIAN Xuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3213-3221. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.028
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    MXene material has the advantages of flexible composition and high capacitance, which has attracted much attention in the field of supercapacitor energy storage. In this work, the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/MXene (PEDOT/MXene) composite electrode material were synthesized via electrochemical method. Experimental results indicate that the specific capacitance of PEDOT/MXene reaches 250.21 mF/cm2 at a scan rate of 30 mV/s. With the current density increasing from 0.1 mA/cm2 to 5 mA/cm2, the specific capacitance retention of PEDOT/MXene achieves 83.5%, was much better than PEDOT (64.1%). Additionally, the initial specific capacitance of PEDOT/MXene still remains 84% over 1 000 cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV/s by CV method, exhibiting good rate performance and cycle stability. This work provides a new approach to construct high-performance energy storage interface with MXene-based materials.
  • Study on chemical repairation mechanism of aged asphalt based on catalytic hydrogenation and end-groups sealing and effect evaluation
    ZHANG Min, TANG Xiong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3222-3228. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.029
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    Starting from the essence of asphalt aging, triethoxysilane was used to hydrogenate with aged asphalt, and the carbonyl and sulfoxide groups in the aged asphalt were changed into low polarity substances. Considering that the active end group of aged asphalt can induce the accelerated aging of new asphalt, the active end group of aged asphalt was capped by free radical inhibitor isocyanate. The mechanism of chemical repair of aged asphalt was investigated by testing the chemical structure and polarity changes before and after catalytic hydrogenation and end group sealing. Using matrix asphalt as a reference, the chemical repair effect of catalytic hydrogenation and end-group sealing on aged asphalt was evaluated by analyzing and testing the changes of macroscopic properties of aged asphalt before and after catalytic hydrogenation and end-group sealing. Finally, the internal relationship between chemical structure and low temperature performance of aged asphalt was established through the linkage analysis of infrared spectrum and low temperature bending test results. The results showed that the chemical structure of aged asphalt was changed in essence by catalytic hydrogenation and end-group sealing. The carbonyl groups and sulfoxide groups in aged asphalt were converted into ester by triethoxysilane, and the hydroxyl groups inaged asphalt were converted into ester by isocyanate, which reduced the activity and the polarity of the aged asphalt. After catalytic hydrogenation and end-group sealing, the dielectric constant and viscosity of aged asphalt decreased by 27.3% to 3.2, while the adhesion to limestone increased by 15.8%, and the change range of low temperature stiffness modulus and creep rate pair reached more than 14.0%. The polarity of aged asphalt was significantly weakened, and the intermolecular force and viscosity were significantly reduced, so the adhesiveness and low temperature performance were significantly improved. There is a good correspondence between stiffness modulus and creep rate and functional group index of aged asphalt.
  • Preparation of Co-Fe-Gd/NF electrodes by electrodeposition in deep eutectic solvents and study of their hydrogen precipitation properties
    ZHAI Jiaxin, CHEN Biqing, JING Xinxin, YUAN Meiling
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(3): 3229-3236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.03.030
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    In order to prepare inexpensive hydrogen precipitation electrode catalysts with high efficiency in alkaline environment, five Co-Fe-Gd/NF electrode catalysts were prepared by electrodeposition in choline chloride-urea (ChCl-urea) with different deposition potentials. The electrode surface morphology, elemental content and distribution were characterized by SEM and EDX, and the chemical properties of the electrode surface were characterized by XPS. The combination of LSV, EIS and CV electrochemical test results showed that the Co-Fe-Gd/NF-3 electrode prepared at -1.24 V deposition potential possessed excellent hydrogen precipitation catalytic performance, with an overpotential of only 71 mV at 10 mA/cm2, a minimum Tafel slope (45 mV/dec). The smallest Tafel slope and charge transfer resistance (0.28503 Ω/cm2) indicate that the electrode possesses a faster kinetic process for hydrogen precipitation reaction, and the maximum electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is 390.5, which provides more reactive sites for the hydrogenation process. Cyclic voltammetric durability tset and I-t test were performed on the electrode, and the results showed that the Co-Fe-Gd/NF-3 electrode was stable in alkaline environments.
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