With the escalating issue of electromagnetic interference, developing electromagnetic wave absorbers that combine lightweight properties, efficient broadband absorption, and superior mechanical flexibility has become a critical challenge demanding breakthroughs in the materials field. This paper employs RGO and CNTs as functional fillers, composited with a polyimide matrix, to construct a nano-carbon/polyimide composite aerogel fiber system. Three-dimensional porous graphene/carbon nanotube/polyimide aerogel fibers were prepared via a sol-gel process combined with static spinning. Subsequent thermo-imidisation treatment achieved structural consolidation and performance optimisation. The chemical structure, phase composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties of the composite fibers were systematically characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vector network analysis (VNA). At the optimal RGO/CNTs content ratio, the composite aerogel fiber exhibited a minimum reflection loss of -51.9 dB at 9.24 GHz with a thickness of 3.50 mm, while achieving an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.64 GHz, demonstrating excellent broadband absorption capability. Furthermore, this aerogel fiber exhibits outstanding flexibility and structural stability, maintaining its integrity under deformation conditions such as bending and winding. Compared to conventional bulk aerogel materials, it offers superior process adaptability and application scalability, providing novel material design concepts for fields including flexible electromagnetic devices and absorptive textiles.

In the hydrodesulfurization process of coal tar, it is crucial to avoid the hydrogenation of C=C double bonds in molecules to preserve unsaturated hydrocarbons in the reaction system. Using lattice hydrogen from magnesium hydride as the hydrogen source for thiophene hydrodesulfurization,density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the reaction pathway of thiophene hydrodesulfurization catalyzed by molybdenum disulfide cluster on magnesium hydride surface. The results show that the rate-limiting step energy barrier of the direct desulfurization pathway is 0.84 eV, which is significantly lower than that of the hydrogenation pathway to desulfurization, favoring direct desulfurization to butadiene and hydrogen sulfide. The desulfurization product, butadiene, does not undergo hydrogenation saturation and is retained in the products. The molybdenum disulfide cluster catalyzes thiophene hydrodesulfurization while preserving C=C double bonds, providing a basis for the rational design of low-hydrogen-consumption hydrodesulfurization catalysts.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic diseases pose serious threats to human health. Current clinical thrombolytic drugs suffer from critical limitations, including short half-life, poor targeting capability, and bleeding risk. Although magnetic micro/nanorobots have been widely explored for thrombolysis, existing systems face challenges in simultaneously achieving high magnetic maneuverability and rapid degradability. To address these issues, this study constructed iron oxide nanocrystal-urokinase hybrid thrombolytic nanorobots (Fe₃O₄-UK@PVP NRs). Urokinase (UK) was employed as structural building blocks, and ultra-small Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals (Fe₃O₄ NCs) served as magnetic-responsive cores. The assembly was achieved through electrostatic interactions combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) surface modification. The magnetic control motion capability, in vitro thrombolytic activity, hemocompatibility, and disassembly/degradation behavior in lysosomal environments were systematically investigated. Results demonstrated that the as-prepared Fe₃O₄ NCs exhibited superparamagnetism with excellent aqueous solubility and monodispersity. The Fe₃O₄-UK@PVP NRs achieved enhanced effective magnetic moment through multi-core cluster formation, enabling controllable directional "rolling" translational propulsion under rotating magnetic fields. The nanorobots achieved 66.2% in vitro thrombolytic efficiency, with a hemolysis rate of only 2.76% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Notably, the hybrid system underwent gradual disassembly in lysosomal environments within 12 h, achieving 100% degradation. This effectively addressed the safety concerns associated with long-term accumulation of conventional drug delivery systems. The Fe₃O₄-UK@PVP NRs developed in this study integrate efficient magnetic responsiveness, superior thrombolytic activity, excellent hemocompatibility, and rapid biodegradability. This work provides new insights for targeted thrombus therapy and structural design of magnetic micro/nanorobots.

Traditional FeCo alloys exhibit high saturation magnetization and strong magnetic loss capacity. However, their microwave absorption performance in the gigahertz (GHz) band is unsatisfactory due to inherent limitations such as low natural resonance frequency and impedance mismatch. Doping FeCo alloys to introduce secondary phases and lattice defects, thereby enhancing the natural resonance frequency and optimizing impedance matching, has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve their microwave absorption capabilities. In this study, FeCo magnetic microwave absorbing materials with precipitated Fe₁₇Nd₂ secondary phases were successfully fabricated via doping with rare earth elements Nd and Pr. The Fe₁₇Nd₂ phase, characterized by high magnetocrystalline anisotropy introduced by rare earth doping, can effectively increase the natural resonance frequency of the alloy, thus improving the microwave absorption performance in the GHz band. Meanwhile, the incorporation of rare earth elements induces numerous lattice defects and interfaces in the FeCo matrix, which significantly enhances the dielectric polarization capability of the alloy. The results demonstrate that the Nd and Pr-doped samples achieve a strong absorption intensity of -44.12 dB at a thickness of only 1.6 mm, and a wide effective absorption bandwidth of 5.21 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.2 mm. This work provides an effective and feasible new strategy for optimizing the microwave absorption performance of traditional FeCo alloys in the GHz band.

The heavy components of tar produced by low-rank coal pyrolysis have high molecular weight and strong polarity, making it difficult to upgrade. Among them, light benzene compounds have high value-added properties. Among the upgrading methods tried, catalytic pyrolysis technology is an important approach to realize coal tar upgrading. In this study, W-Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the hydrothermal method using HZSM-5 molecular sieve as the support and loaded with W and Zn metals, which were used for the catalytic upgrading of coal pyrolysis tar. The experimental results show that W-Zn/HZSM-5 significantly promotes the formation of benzene compounds in tar. Compared with the catalytic results of HZSM-5 alone, W-Zn/HZSM-5 exhibits excellent catalytic performance. The total yield of light components is increased from 35.50% to 68.15% (an increase of 91.97%), and it shows high selectivity for benzene compounds, with the content of benzene compounds in the obtained tar increasing from 3.79% to 12.96%. Meanwhile, the yield of heavy components is reduced from 20.66% to 12.14%, and the carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst is significantly enhanced. With the help of the catalyst, the content of high-value-added products and light components in pyrolysis tar can be increased, providing a possible approach for the high-value utilization of low-rank coal pyrolysis tar.

Polyoxalate esters, as structurally tunable and environmentally friendly biodegradable polymers, have garnered significant attention in medical materials and green packaging due to their excellent degradability and potential biocompatibility. High-molecular-weight polyoxalate esters, in particular, exhibit distinct advantages in mechanical properties, processability, and long-term service stability. A systematic review and comparative analysis of their synthesis strategies and structure-property relationships are therefore warranted. This paper begins with monomer design and preparation, reviewing monomer systems based on oxalate diesters and oxalic acid-containing diols/diolefins. It categorizes and summarizes key routes for obtaining high-molecular-weight polyoxalates, such as melt-solid-state polycondensation and solution polymerization, focusing on comparing the effects of different catalytic systems, reaction conditions, and post-treatment processes on log-average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and branching degree. Building on this foundation, the paper discusses how main-chain structure, crystallinity, and crystal morphology regulate material degradation rates and mechanisms, summarizing their application progress in absorbable medical devices, drug-controlled release carriers, eco-friendly packaging, and temporary functional components. Finally, limitations in existing research, including constraints on synthetic control, insufficient depth in structural characterization, and inadequate understanding of service-degradation coupling behavior, are reviewed. The paper concludes that developing highly efficient green catalytic systems, achieving precise control over molecular weight and topological structure, and establishing predictable structure-property-degradation relationship models will be key directions for realizing high-end applications and industrialization of high-molecular-weight polyoxalates.

With the development of a new generation of intelligent robots and wearable devices, the requirements for flexibility, light weight, and precision of driving devices are increasingly improved. As a new type of actuator that can simulate biological muscle movement, artificial muscles have gradually replaced traditional rigid actuators due to their advantages, such as flexibility, lightness, biomimicry, and strong environmental adaptability. Carbon nanotube materials have excellent chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and structural flexibility, showing great application potential in the field of artificial muscle. This paper primarily presents the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube fibers, reviews the development, actuation mechanisms, working principles and applications of carbon nanotube fiber artificial muscles, summarizes the challenges, and forecasts future prospects.

Tourmaline, a complex borosilicate mineral, has attracted considerable attention due to its intrinsic piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, radiation-induced electricity generation, spontaneous polarization, and abundant surface-active sites. These properties underpin its potential in environmental functional materials, thermoelectric and piezoelectric devices, and emerging nuclear energy conversion systems. However, the practical utilization of natural tourmaline is hindered by compositional variability, isomorphic substitution, and structural defects. Consequently, significant efforts have been devoted to the artificial synthesis of tourmaline crystals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of synthetic tourmaline research, focusing on hydrothermal and high-pressure crystal growth experiments conducted under temperatures of 400-800 ℃ and pressures of 50 MPa-6 GPa. Key parameters such as temperature-pressure regimes, seed crystal introduction, and hydrothermal solution chemistry are systematically compared. The discussion highlights the influence of growth conditions on crystal quality, purity, and morphology. Despite notable progress, tourmaline synthesis remains largely confined to laboratory-scale studies. Future directions are proposed to advance crystal growth toward larger sizes, improved compositional control, reduced synthesis costs, and expanded functional applications.

The continuous increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere has an increasingly severe impact on the global environment and ecosystems. Electrochemical reduction of CO₂ using electricity generated by clean energy sources such as solar and wind energy is one of the beneficial methods to solve these problems. The use of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ can not only better utilize intermittent energy, but also avoid energy waste and peak overload. Moreover, CO₂ can be converted into economically valuable chemical raw materials without pollution, thereby achieving the recovery of fossil fuels and the net reduction of carbon dioxide, and to some extent achieving a carbon cycle. Among numerous catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂, compared to other material systems, copper (Cu) based catalysts have unique advantages in the conversion of multi carbon products due to their moderate binding ability with the intermediate ^*CO. Herein, this review firstly elaborates on the reduction process and mechanism of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ and then provides a detailed introduction to the types of copper based catalysts used for catalyzing different products, including carbon monoxide (CO), formic acid (HCOOH), methane (CH₄), methanol (CH₃OH), ethylene (C₂H₄), and ethanol (C₂H₅OH), as well as the process control in the catalytic reaction. Finally, the main challenges in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ are also discussed, such as low selectivity, low activity, and low stability.

MXene are two-dimensional transition metal carbonitrides that demonstrate immense potential in photothermal applications due to their unique electronic structure and excellent optical properties. Assembling them into macroscopic fibers preserves their intrinsic optical properties whilst imparting flexibility and knittable. The optical behavior of fibers differs significantly from that of dispersions and films, presenting both challenges and opportunities. This paper provides a systematic review of the optical properties and functional applications of MXene fibers. It introduces their optical characteristics and methods for their regulation, explores their optical behavior and applications, and summarizes key challenges and future directions, thereby offering a reference for in-depth research and practical applications of MXene fiber optics.

In this paper, nanocrystalline NiTi alloy wires were fabricated via smelting, forging, wire-drawing, and annealing processes. The microstructure was examined via a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The room-temperature phase composition was characterized through an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The superelastic behavior at room temperature was tested by means of a universal tensile testing machine. The fatigue life at room temperature was measured using a fatigue testing machine. The morphology of the fatigue fracture surface was observed via a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that the average grain sizes of the wire samples obtained through the four annealing processes are 14, 17, 28 and 63 nm, respectively. All samples possess a B2 structure along with a small quantity of R phase at room temperature and demonstrate superelasticity at room temperature. The fatigue life of the samples increases with the increase in grain size, demonstrating a dependence on grain size. The width of fatigue striations in the samples exhibits a negative correlation with the fatigue life, and the crack growth rates of samples with varying grain sizes may differ.

Zinc-air batteries (ZABs), as a high-energy-density and low-cost energy storage device, hold significant application potential. The efficiency of the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial to the overall battery performance, making the development of highly efficient and stable ORR catalysts of great importance. In this study, sulfur (S) and iodine (I) were sequentially introduced into a Fe-N-C system via a two-step calcination strategy, successfully preparing I,S co-doped FeNISC material. The results indicate that the co-doping of I and S significantly increased the material's specific surface area, reduced the electron transfer resistance, and optimized the electronic structure of the Fe active sites, thereby enhancing the ORR catalytic performance. This catalyst achieved a half-wave potential of 0.85 V for ORR in alkaline media, surpassing that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.80 V), demonstrating superior catalytic activity. The zinc-air battery assembled based on FeNISC also exhibited promising electrochemical performance and application potential. This study provides a simple yet effective method for modulating the local coordination environment of metal sites through multi-heteroatom doping, offering positive implications for advancing the development of high-performance zinc-air batteries.

In response to the shortage of epoxy resin-based lava fiber impregnating agents and the poor adaptability of existing formulations, the water-based emulsion with E51 epoxy resin as the main film-forming agent was prepared by the reverse emulsification method, and it was compounded with KH-550 coupling agent, lubricant and antistatic agent to obtain multiple groups of different concentrations of wetting agents. Using infrared spectroscopy, solid content, centrifugal stability, surface tension and contact angle for analysis, the impregnating agent and the modified fibers were characterized. The results show that compared with the existing similar types of emulsifiers, the formulation with a solid content of 45.1% epoxy resin film-forming agent has intact functional groups and better stability. After being modified with 9% of the film-forming agent content, KH-550 reacted with the silicon hydroxyl groups on the fiber surface through dehydration condensation, forming a strong Si—O—Si covalent bond, which was better for the interface bonding of lava fibers. This study provided experimental basis for the formulation design of special impregnating agents for lava fibers.

Graphene-skinned glass fiber fabric (GGFF) is a novel electrothermal material widely used in aircraft anti/de-icing applications. This study systematically investigates its damage and failure mechanisms under practical operating conditions and proposes effective repair strategies. The morphology and electrical properties of GGFF were characterized using SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and four-probe measurements. An equivalent circuit model combined with infrared thermal monitoring was employed to analyze its abnormal behavior and failure under different conditions. Results indicate that under air atmosphere, localized oxidation of the graphene layer initiates from defects, with theoretical simulations showing an oxygen adsorption energy as low as -3.45 eV at Stone-Wales defect sites, which accelerates oxidation propagation. In an inert atmosphere, failure occurs above 1 150 ℃ due to melting of the glass fibers. Physical damage perpendicular to the current direction leads to abnormal temperature distribution. Three repair strategies were proposed, all of which effectively restored the electrothermal performance and maintained stability over 1000 cycles. This work provides theoretical and experimental support for enhancing the reliability and lifespan of GGFF-based electrothermal devices.

Experiments have demonstrated that metal surfaces with micro-nano structures can exhibit superhydrophobicity for several days in organic-rich environments. By combining laser ablation with chemical etching, rectangular microstructures were generated on the copper surface through adjustment of laser ablation parameters. Subsequently, a mixed solution of (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and NaOH was used to etch out velvety-like nanostructures, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity for organic matter. The results indicate that when the laser power is 35 W, the scanning speed is 600 mm/s, and the scanning pitch is 70 μm, the surface treated with etching can achieve a superhydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of (154.5±0.3)° and a rolling angle of (4.8±0.6)° after adsorbing 4-methylhexanoic acid for 16 h. Characterization of its microstructure and chemical composition elucidated the mechanism behind the change in wettability. The newly prepared surface exhibited superhydrophilicity due to its high surface energy and roughness. The metal oxides on the surface promoted organic adsorption, while the abundance of nonpolar C—C(H) bonds reduced surface energy, enabling a transition from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic. Additionally, the prepared surface exhibits excellent self-cleaning properties, durability, and restorative capabilities.

By preparing asphalt mixtures with high porosity and then filling them with a certain amount of cement mortar, a semi-flexible asphalt mixture is formed. The aim is to utilize the rigidity of the cement mortar to resist rutting at high temperatures. To optimize the compatibility between asphalt and cement mortar and the adhesion between semi-flexible materials and conventional asphalt materials, the cement mortar is modified to change the performance of the semi-flexible composite material. The compressive elastic modulus of the modified semi-flexible composite material at different temperatures is tested, and the interlayer shear strength test is conducted to simulate the pavement and study the temperature variation performance of the semi-flexible composite material and its adhesion with asphalt materials. In the semi-flexible asphalt mixture, the optimal asphalt-aggregate ratio is 3.2%, and the optimal dosage of redispersible latex powder is 2.5%. The compressive elastic modulus of the semi-flexible asphalt mixture filled with modified cement mortar increases by 8.3% under high-temperature conditions. The interlayer shear strength of the latex powder-modified semi-flexible asphalt mixture and asphalt materials increases by 16.3%. The anti-rutting performance of the latex powder-modified semi-flexible asphalt mixture is significantly improved under high-temperature conditions, and its adhesion to the surface layer of the pavement is better than that of the conventional semi-flexible asphalt mixture.

This study employed a solid-state reaction method to fabricate Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped lead-free ceramics with the composition 0.92(0.6Na_0.5Er_0.01Bi_0.49-xYb_xTiO₃-0.4Sr_0.7Bi_0.2TiO₃)-0.08BiMg_2/3Nb_1/3O₃ (denoted as NBT-BST-BMN-Er/xYb). XRD analysis revealed that all samples crystallized mainly into a perovskite structure, accompanied by a minor Bi₂Ti₂O₇ secondary phase. The incorporation of Yb³⁺ effectively suppressed the formation of secondary phases and modified the crystal field environment, thereby regulating the electron-lattice energy transfer process. Yb³⁺ ions preferentially substitute Bi³⁺ at A-sites, leading to a reduction in grain size and a shortened interionic distance between rare-earth ions. This enhancement in cross-relaxation effects significantly increased the relative contribution of red upconversion emission. Under 980 nm laser excitation, intense upconversion luminescence was observed. The emission intensity and the green-to-red ratio varied notably with Yb³⁺ doping concentration. When x < 1 mol%, the luminescence intensity increased due to the sensitization effect of Yb³⁺. The optimum emission intensity and a green-to-red ratio of approximately 8∶1 were achieved at x=1 mol%. Further increasing x beyond 1 mol% resulted in a decrease in upconversion luminescence owing to energy back-transfer from Er³⁺ to Yb³⁺. The temperature sensing properties were investigated using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique over the range of 100-300 K. The results indicated that the red emission region exhibited higher relative sensitivity in the low-temperature range (100-180 K), whereas the green emission region demonstrated superior thermal response above 180 K. This study confirms that modulating the Yb³⁺ doping concentration effectively optimizes the thermometric performance of Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ co-doped lead-free ceramics, suggesting their potential application in fluorescence-based temperature sensing.

The magnetic properties of high-performance Sm₂Co₁₇-type sintered permanent magnets are closely related to their grain orientation and microstructure. In this study, by introducing copper stearate powder, both the orientation degree and microstructure of Sm(Co_balFe_0.227Cu_0.072Zr_0.023)_7.6 magnets are optimized, resulting in a synchronous improvement in B_r, (BH)_max, H_cj, and H_knee. Advanced characterization techniques such as PFM, EBSD, and in-situ TEM are employed to investigate the influence of grain orientation and microstructure on the magnetic performance of the magnets. It is found that with the addition of copper stearate powder, the I(006)/I(104) peak intensity ratio of the magnet increases from 2.96 to 3.6, and its pole figure shows a more concentrated distribution around the (0001) pole. Consequently, the magnet achieves a higher degree of orientation, and the B_r increases from 1.081 T to 1.092 T. Meanwhile, the addition of copper stearate powder results in significant Cu enrichment at the grain boundaries of the magnet, leading to a notable reduction in the non-cellular structure regions near the grain boundaries. This microstructural optimization effectively enhances the H_cj and H_knee of the magnet. The H_cj increases from 2 658.6 kA/m to 2 979.4 kA/m (an improvement of approximately 12%), and the H_knee increases from 1 031.6 kA/m to 1 666.8 kA/m (an improvement of approximately 61.6%).

To explore the performance evolution law of rock-concrete composites under the coupling of different loads and environments, this study systematically carried out dynamic mechanical property and frost resistance durability tests by preparing composite specimens with different rock-concrete thickness ratios (0∶10, 3∶7, 5∶5, 7∶3, 10∶0). The results show that both the dynamic compressive and tensile strengths increased monotonically with the increase of rock proportion. The BT-5 specimen (thickness ratio 5∶5) demonstrated the highest dynamic compressive strength, with a driving pressure of 0.5 MPa reaching 74.8 MPa. The elastic modulus increased linearly with the increase of rock proportion, and the fracture energy showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The peak value of BT-5 reached 39.2 N/m, showing good stiffness and toughness synergy. XRD and SEM analyses indicated that the cement hydration process in BT-5 was good and the interface transition zone was dense. The freeze-thaw cycle test shows that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the performance of all samples deteriorated. BT-5 exhibited the best freeze-thaw durability. After 120 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate was the lowest at 6.31%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus retention rate was the highest at 58.4%. The ratio of rock to concrete thickness in a 5∶5 ratio could not only exert the supporting and anti-erosion role of the rock framework, but also effectively buffered the freeze-thaw stress and inhibited the propagation of microcracks by utilizing the concrete matrix.

Thermoelectric materials are crucial for the utilization of low-grade thermal energy. However, conventional thermoelectric materials conduct charge through electron transport, generally exhibiting low Seebeck coefficients and poor thermoelectric performance in low-temperature environments. Leveraging the ion thermal diffusion effect, a polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose binary network was constructed by combining dissolution and heating polymerization methods with physical-chemical crosslinking techniques. Functional ions NaBr and NaBF₄ were simultaneously introduced to prepare ionic thermoelectric gels. The micro-morphology and chemical structure of the gels were characterized using SEM and FT-IR, and their high thermal power was verified via a self-built thermoelectric testing device. The results show that the ionic thermoelectric gel with 1 mol/L NaBF₄ exhibited the best thermoelectric performance, achieving an ionic Seebeck coefficient of 8.07 mV/K and an ionic conductivity of 13.04 mS/cm. Furthermore, the ionic gel, utilizing body temperature variations to generate a temperature gradient, produced an open-circuit voltage of 77 mV under a temperature difference of 10 K, with an ionic Seebeck coefficient of 7.7 mV/K. The coefficient increased to 12.8 mV/K under compressive deformation. Additionally, the ionic thermoelectric gel demonstrated excellent low-temperature freeze resistance. This study proposes a simple, effective, and cost-efficient method for preparing high-performance cellulose-based ionic thermoelectric gels, which holds positive implications for the reuse of low-grade waste heat.

In this study, a TiN-Ce₂Sn₂O₇ (CSO) composite photocatalyst was constructed, and its photocatalytic activity and cyclic stability were systematically evaluated through degradation experiments of tetracycline hydrochloride under simulated sunlight, combined with kinetic analysis. The experimental results show that under the 10% TiN-CSO condition, the material can achieve a degradation rate of 90.1% for tetracycline hydrochloride within 1 h, demonstrating excellent photocatalytic performance. A close heterojunction interface is formed between CSO and TiN via Ce-O-Ti covalent bonds, which establishes an efficient charge transfer channel and promotes the rapid separation and migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The introduction of metallic TiN broadens the photo-response range of the composite material, compensating for the weak spectral absorption capability of CSO due to its wide bandgap. The combined effect of the above interfacial interaction and synergy significantly enhances the degradation efficiency and catalytic stability of the composite toward tetracycline hydrochloride, providing theoretical basis and experimental reference for the design and application of novel high-efficiency photocatalytic materials.

Lanthanum chromate ceramics exhibit exceptional application properties. Conventional sintering typically involves heat treatment at temperatures exceeding 1 600 ℃ for several hours. However, flash sintering technology facilitates the rapid densification of ceramic materials at lower temperatures within a brief timeframe. The application of AC flash sintering to La_1-xSr_xCrO₃ demonstrates that the threshold electric field necessary for flash sintering decreases with increasing Sr doping levels. At a doping concentration of 0.1, room-temperature flash sintering of Sr-doped lanthanum chromate can be achieved under an electric field strength of 30 V/cm. Analysis indicates that Sr²⁺ doping enhances the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which elevates defect concentration, thereby enabling flash sintering under milder conditions. Furthermore, an increase in frequency within AC electric fields promotes grain refinement. After 60 s of sintering, a dense, fine-grained microstructure with an excellent particle size distribution is achieved, significantly smaller than that of conventionally sintered particles.

This study establishes a closed-loop research system integrating first-principles calculations, artificial intelligence-driven reverse engineering, and in-situ diagnostic fabrication. Density functional theory (DFT) computations elucidate the synergistic passivation mechanism of germanium (Ge), aluminum (Al), and fluorine (F) elements within silica glass networks. Experimental results demonstrate that artificial intelligence-designed Ge-Al-F ternary co-doped fibers (Opti-GAF) exhibit 95% suppression of Ge oxygen vacancy centers (ODC-Ⅱ) and 97% reduction of non-bonded oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) - key defects in conventional Ge-doped fibers. This remarkable defect passivation directly translates into macroscopic optical performance enhancements. The background loss in the 1 550 nm communication window decreases from 0.185 dB/km to 0.155 dB/km, achieving a net improvement of 0.03 dB/km, while the nonlinear coefficient γ is reduced by 11.5%. In a 2 000-km long-distance and 100 Gbaud/λ high-speed coherent transmission test, Opti-GAF fibers achieved a 1.4 dB net optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) gain. The research establishes a comprehensive framework bridging atomic-scale defect regulation and system-level communication performance quantification, providing a robust theoretical foundation and viable technical pathway for overcoming current fiber performance bottlenecks and developing next-generation ultra-high-capacity optical communication networks.

Large-scale energy storage technology is an effective approach to alleviating current energy shortages and environmental pollution. Among various energy storage systems, sodium-ion batteries are regarded as a highly promising new type of electrochemical energy storage device due to the abundant sodium resources and low cost. However, their anodes still face challenges such as severe volume strain and insufficient capacity during application. Therefore, the development of anode materials with stable structure and high specific capacity is of great significance. In this study, bismuth-inlaid porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (Bi@NPCNFs) were fabricated via hydrothermal and electrospinning methods, followed by appropriate etching with hydrochloric acid. The Bi@NPCNFs composite delivered a high specific capacity of 277.0 mAh/g at a current density of 0.2 A/g, and retained 248.4 mAh/g after 700 cycles at a high current density of 2.0 A/g, with a Coulombic efficiency approaching 99.9%, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. Ex-situ XRD and ex-situ TEM results indicate that the Bi@NCPNFs-10 electrode undergoes an alloying reaction during charge/discharge processes and exhibits good electrochemical reversibility.

The initial sample of Mn_1.12Fe_0.78P_0.53Si_0.47 was successfully synthesized by the mechanical alloying method. To enhance their mechanical performance and reduce porosity, different concentrations of low-melting-point tin (Sn) were introduced into the samples through a hot-press sintering process. The mechanical properties of the Mn_1.12Fe_0.78P_0.53Si_0.47/Sn samples were tested using an electronic universal testing machine. Based on the test results, the optimal concentration of Sn (20 wt%) was determined. By altering the sintering temperature in the hot-press sintering process, we explored the changes in the mechanical properties of the samples under different states of Sn (solid, molten, and liquid). X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and vibrating sample magnetometer were utilized to investigate the crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties of the Mn_1.12Fe_0.78P_0.53Si_0.47/Sn samples. The Mn_1.12Fe_0.78P_0.53Si_0.47/20 wt% Sn composite sintered at 523 K exhibits excellent mechanical properties, with a maximum compressive strength reaching 133 MPa, which is more than four times higher than that of the initial Mn-Fe-P-Si sample. The porosity is reduced to 17.2%, a decrease of 8.9% compared to the initial Mn-Fe-P-Si sample. Despite the introduction of non-magnetic Sn, both the net magnetization and magnetic entropy change of the composite have been slightly enhanced. The present results make the Mn_1.12Fe_0.78P_0.53Si_0.47/Sn composite material one of the optimal choices for high-performance magnetocaloric materials in the field of magnetic refrigeration. Furthermore, this study provides a feasible method to address the serious issues faced by Mn-Fe-P-Si-based materials and similar brittle magnetocaloric materials in practical applications.

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene on copper substrates is a core technology for fabricating high-performance graphene/copper composites. However, the structure-performance relationship between copper surface states and graphene growth quality remains unclear. This study proposes a controllable surface modification strategy using a sulfuric acid/hydrogen peroxide micro-etching system to systematically investigate the effects of micro-etching time (1-10 min) on the physical morphology (roughness, specific surface area) and chemical states (oxidation states, elemental composition) of copper wires and foils. The mechanism by which these factors regulate CVD graphene growth behavior and the electrical/mechanical properties of composites is revealed. Results indicate that micro-etching generates micro-roughened structures and thin oxide layers, optimizing graphene nucleation conditions, reducing defect density, and enhancing monolayer characteristics. After CVD growth, samples micro-etched for 3 min exhibit synergistic improvements in electrical conductivity and carrier mobility due to interfacial synergy. However, high-temperature CVD processing significantly degrades mechanical properties. This study clarifies the regulatory mechanism of surface states on composite performance and provides a basis for interface design.

To address the slow early strength development and long setting time of supersulfated cement (SSC), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) was employed as an alkaline activator to investigate its effects on the hydration behavior and microstructural evolution of a phosphogypsum-slag-steel slag composite binder. The results indicate that Na₂CO₃ significantly accelerates the setting and hardening of SSC. At an addition level of 2%, the initial setting time was reduced by 38.5%, and the 3 d compressive strength increased from 0.9 MPa for the reference sample to 26.1 MPa, demonstrating a pronounced enhancement in early strength. However, the 28 d compressive strength exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing Na₂CO₃ content. Hydration heat and pH analyses reveal that Na₂CO₃ elevates the initial alkalinity of the pore solution and accelerates the depolymerization of the granulated blast furnace slag glass phase, whereas rapid precipitation reactions induced by high concentrations of CO^2-₃ delay the main hydration heat peak and lead to a subsequent decline in pore solution pH at later ages. Microstructural analyses (XRD, SEM, and TG) confirm that Na₂CO₃ promotes the formation of abundant AFt and C-(A)-S-H gels, while CaCO₃ precipitation contributes to early structural densification. This study provides mechanistic insight into the Na₂CO₃ activation of multi-solid-waste-based low-carbon cementitious materials.

To address the issues of irreversible phase transitions and structural collapse of sodium-ion battery cathode materials during cycling, a series of Ni-doped Prussian blue analogs, Fe_1-xNi_x[Fe(CN)₅NO] (x=0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12), were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method, followed by systematic characterization and electrochemical performance evaluation. SEM images show that all samples exhibit a quasi-cubic morphology. XRD results indicate that the face-centered cubic framework is well preserved with no obvious impurity phases, while FT-IR spectra confirm the stable retention of characteristic coordination vibrations such as C≡N and N=O. Electrochemical tests demonstrate that although Ni doping slightly decreases the initial capacity, it markedly improves cycling stability and rate capability, with Fe_0.92Ni_0.08[Fe(CN)₅NO] delivering the best overall performance. Specifically, Ni-doped Fe_0.92Ni_0.08[Fe(CN)₅NO] achieves an initial discharge specific capacity of 102.36 mAh/g and maintains 88.17% capacity retention after 180 cycles. Moreover, it still exhibits a high capacity retention of 92.17% after 550 cycles at a current density of 0.2 mA/g. Although its initial discharge capacity is lower than that of the undoped Fe[Fe(CN)₅NO], the cycling performance is greatly enhanced. In addition, it still delivers a discharge capacity of 18.23 mAh/g even at a high rate of 12 C. With the introduction of Ni, both cycling stability and electrical conductivity are significantly improved, effectively reducing the charge-transfer resistance and accelerating Na⁺ migration, thereby enabling better ion-diffusion kinetics and superior electrochemical performance.