Surface modification is one of the core technologies in the field of biomedical materials, its fundamental purpose is to make the surface of the biological material has better biocompatibility. Presently, various surface modification has been developed by different groups, and different methods of surface modification is selected in terms of the application fields and the faced problems of biomaterials, including reducing protein adsorption and coagulation, controlling cell adhesion,growth and differentiation, and improving the mechanical properties, The surface modification technology of cardiovascular biomaterials mainly focus on improving the blood compatibility of the materials and the endothelial cell compatibility, and can be further expanded to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this paper, the research status of cardiovascular biomaterials, the surface biomodification methods and the surface modification technology for different purposes are reviewed, in order to provide important reference for the design and development of a new generation of cardiovascular implantable medical devices.

Graphene has attracted tremendous attention from researchers due to its excellent electrical, thermal, mechanical properties, as well as high optical transparency and large specific surface area, etc. Especially in 2004, stable graphene was successfully gained, it leads to a high tide for the research. To get the graphene which is low cost, large area, high quality and can be applied to practical production is the aim of the researchers. This paper reviews some modified or new preparation methods of the graphene and its potential applications in recent years, from which we can see the huge development potential of the graphene.

N doped TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by anodic oxidation combined with solution processing, and effects of N-doping on photoelectrochemical performances were studied. Surfaces morphologies and phase structures were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope, while the content and distribution of N in TiO₂ nanotubes were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Chronoamperometry was used for measuring the photoelectrochemical performances under UV light and visible light respectively. Researches on the photoelectrochemical detection to organics were conducted by using TiO₂(N) NTAs as photo anode and glucose as model organics. Results show that the photocurrents of all doping samples are increased compared with pristine TiO₂ NTAs, in which the UV photocurrent of optimized TiO₂(N40) NTAs increases from 180.4 μA to 256.8 μA, the detection sensitivity increases from 0.061 μA/(μmol/L) to 0.134 μA/(μmol/L). The enhancing mechanism of the photoelectrochemical performances are studied by analyzing the optical performances, recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and electrochemical performances. Increase of optical response range and effective separation of photogenerated carriers contribute to the enhancement of N-doping TiO₂(N) NTAs' photoelectrochemical performances.

Metal hydride hydrogen compression technology has the advantages of good safety, no moving parts, and the ability to use low-grade waste heat. However, this technology has high requirements for the hydrogen sorption plateau pressure, plateau slope, hysteresis of hydrogen storage alloys. In this paper, the influence of the addition of alloying elements on the hydrogen compression properties of BCC structure vanadium-based alloys is studied. The V₇₅Ti₂₀M₅ (M=V, Ti, Cr or Zr) hydrogen compression alloys were prepared by the arc melting method, using volume adsorption method to determinate the PCT curve and kinetic properties, and the plateau slope, hysteresis effect, hydrogen compression ratio and hydrogen reaction rate of the alloy PCT curve were obtained by calculation to compare the hydrogen compression properties of alloys. The results show that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of V₇₅Ti₂₀Cr₅ alloy is 1.05 wt%. Compared with V₇₅Ti₂₅ alloy, the hydrogen compression rate is significantly improved, and V₇₅Ti₂₀Zr₅ significantly reduces the reversible hydrogen storage, hydrogen compression ratio and hydrogen compression rate of the alloy.

Material corrosion and anti-corrosion have always been an indispensable part in material development and application. Epoxy resin is widely used for anti-corrosion due to its excellent anti-corrosion ability, adhesion and mechanical strength. However, with the rapid development of the coatings field, some shortcomings of epoxy resins have been exposed: brittleness, insufficient heat resistance and the existence of holes. In view of these shortcomings, this article summarizes the various modifications of epoxy resin coatings made by domestic and foreign researchers in recent years. First of all, this article summarizes the current mainstream research directions at home and abroad from the selection of modified materials and the innovation of research methods. For the existence of pores, nano micro-inorganic substances with special functions (such as wear resistance, temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc.) are adopted. Due to poor heat resistance and high brittleness, the epoxy resin has been modified at the molecular level to improve the relevant performance or make the epoxy resin have unique functions. For special applications, bionic design is used to make coatings have antifouling effects, such as hydrophobicity and sterilization, and no pollution to the environment. Secondly, this article also introduces the best anti-corrosion effect of each improved method, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, the future development trend of epoxy resin anticorrosive coatings is discussed, and the feasibility of various modification schemes in future applications is analyzed.

The reduction of graphite oxide is the most possible method to achieve mass production of graphene. A number of methods have been developed to exfoliate graphite oxide, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Thermal exfoliation is the most economical way to obtain large quantities of graphene especially functional graphene. The exfoliation mechanism is mainly based on that the sudden expansion gases evolved into the spaces between graphene sheets during the heat-treatment process of graphite oxide. Thermal exfoliation can be realized when the sudden expansion gases pressure overcomed the attractive van der Waals inter-actions between layers. However，different oxidation and reduction processes make the functional graphene with different properties. In this paper, current research is reviewed, the mechanism of the oxidation and thermal exfoliation is discussed, which may contribute us to effectively use the controllable factors to partially control the preparation of functional graphene.

This article mainly focuses on the current world-wide technology trend of large area （>1.0x1.0 m2）electrochromic smart glasses as building energy efficient windows. We compared and analyzed different technologies in Europe and the US. The mainstream technology for commercialized EC glasses is: All solid-state electrochromic glasses with inorganic transition metal oxides (WO3) as electrochromic materials, Li+ as conducting ions, inorganic compounds or organic polymers containing Li+as electrolytes. We should speed up the commercialization process of this new technology to meet China's growing demands for building energy efficiency.

The increasing development of the atomic energy industry has brought about potential safety hazards such as nuclear leakage and nuclear pollution. People must take strict protective measures to protect the health of nuclear facilities staffs and environmental safety. Among the various types of nuclear radiation, neutrons and gamma rays have the strongest penetrability, which are the most difficult to be shielded. However, traditional neutron shielding materials such as boron, water, polyethylene, and gamma-ray shielding materials such as lead, iron, and tungsten have single shielding functions, limited shielding performance, or poor thermodynamic properties, making it difficult to meet modern radiological protection requirements. In this regard, composite materials can combine the advantages of various raw materials which can realize the complementary performance and expand application area of the radiation shielding materials. At present, a large number of composite shielding materials have been developed and applied. According to different substrates, it can be divided into five categories as follow: (1) polymer-based composite shielding materials; (2) metal-based composite shielding materials; (3) shielding concrete; (4) glass-based composite shielding materials; (5) ceramic-based composite shielding materials. In this paper, the mechanism of the interaction between neutrons and gamma rays and atoms is briefly summarized. The research progress of composite shielding materials, and the research content and characteristics of each type of composite shielding materials are detailed reviewed. In addition, the problems to be solved in the current research about composite shielding materials are pointed out and future research trends are predicted.

Thermosetting polyimide resins were polymer materials with repetitive structure (—C—N—C—). They could not be dissolved and melted after cured, but just be moulded by one-time thermoforming. There were three kinds of moulding process for PI: hot press moulding, autoclave moulding, and cold press and sintering, and the moulding temperature, pressure and time were changing by different raw monomer. These three kinds of moulding process had merits and demerits respectively. There were phenomenon of non-uniform heating on PI product, because the moulding process belong to external heating radiation. A new idea of moulding process for thermosetting PI by promoting chain movement with electromagnetic wave was put forward.

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of silver nanoparticles can be varied by adjusting their morphology, size and external dielectric environment. Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies show the localized surface plasmon resonance with different strength, thus demonstrating the unique optical properties. In this review, a variety of silver nanoparticels was prepared via chemical reduction methods, which included citrate reduction method, polyol process method, and seed-mediated growth method. The mechanism and characteristics of these methods were discussed. The research progress of silver nanoparticles with different morphologies in recent years was reviewed. Finally, their applications in the surface enhanced roman scattering (SERS) substrate, antibacterial, and catalysis were introduced, and the future development of silver nanoparticles in synthesis and related application fields was summarized and prospected.

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) material has excellent properties in physical and chemical aspects.Due to its unique morphology and structure, hexagonal boron nitride is of great research value in the fields of thermal conductivity filling materials, carrier materials, adsorption materials, etc, and it is an essential functional material under certain limit conditions in the high-tech field.Therefore, the preparation and properties of hexagonal boron nitridematerials are the focus of current research. In this paper, the basic properties of hexagonal boron nitride were reviewed, some methods for preparing hexagonal boron nitride powder were introduced, the problems in the preparation process were analyzed, and the application development of hexagonal boron nitride powder in the future was studied.

In this paper, the compressive deformation behavior, samples surfaces and fracture microstructure characteristics have been reviewed at different temperatures and strain rates for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). BMGs behave like Inhomogeneous brittle fracture, non-Newtonian fluid and Newtonian fluid mode respectively at reduced compressing temperature tr=T/Tg ranging of 77K/Tg ≤tr

With the rapid development of shape memory composites, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based shape memory composites with good biocompatibility are receiving widespread attention. The preparation method of PVA based shape memory composites, such as physical blending methods of solution casting, cyclic freezing and thawing, in-situ polymerization blending, physical embedding, laminating, coprecipitating, and blending followed by supercritical drying and chemical crosslinking methods were introduced. The characteristics and research progress of above-mentioned preparing methods were also discussed in details. The related application research and progress of PVA based shape memory composites on biomedical fields, such as drug sustained release, scaffolds for tissue engineering and photosensor were analyzed and discussed. Finally, it was proposed that the development of PVA based composites with multi-stimulus response and multi-functionality would be the research trend of shape memory composite materials in the future. PVA based shape memory composite materials with excellent comprehensive properties would play an important role in the field of biomedical composite materials.

The performance of materials based on barium strontium titanate (BST) in recent years was reviewed. The effects of different preparation conditions, different substrates and doping on the performance of BST were discussed, and the prospect of improving the performance of barium strontium titanate was presented. The electrical properties of BST were affected by physical characteristics. The density and microstructure of BST were affected by controlling the manufacturing process parameters or adding dopants, thereby improving the dielectric properties and further affecting the energy storage density of the material. Bi-doped BST ceramics exhibited typical relaxation properties. The substitution of Zr improved the frequency stability of the dielectric constant and reduced the dielectric loss obviously. The doping of Mn could effectively suppress the dielectric loss, and a proper amount of doping could improve the recoverable energy density and efficiency. Moderate cerium doping was beneficial to improve the dielectric properties. Doping of chlorophyll was expected to reduce the crystal defects and increase the intensity of the material, while improving the reflectivity of the sample.

In recent years, with the rapid development of flexible wearable devices, tactile feedback devices, energy harvesters and other fields, dielectric elastomers (DE) and supercapacitors (SC) has attracted much attention, due to energy increase, high energy storage efficiency, and compactness, having a very wide range of applications. Since the performance of the flexible electrode directly affects the power generation and driving efficiency of DE and the energy storage efficiency of SC, it is an important part of DE and SC. Here, based on the different types of flexible electrode materials, this article first introduces several typical electrode materials and their properties, such as carbon electrodes, metal electrodes, and composite electrodes. Then, the preparation method of the electrode is described. Then, the application of DE and SC assembled from flexible electrode materials in various fields is summarized, and the problems and challenges faced by electrode materials are analyzed. Finally, the development trend of flexible electrode materials is prospected.

Micro arc oxidation of metals and alloys (MAO) involves the interaction between electrolyte and alloy surface at high plasma temperature. In this process, the formation of porous layer on alloy surface is not only closely related to electrolyte composition, but also plays an important role in coating structure and electrical properties. In this paper, MAO of binary Ti Al alloys with different Al content is carried out by adding 0.15 M KOH and 0.1 M Na₂B₄O₇ electrolyte The effect of alloy composition on coating structure in micro arc oxidation process was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D laser confocal microscope analyzed the morphology and oxide accumulation thickness of the coating, and contact angle tester measured the hydrophilic properties of MAO coating. The results showed that with the increase of matrix Al content, the MAO process was more intense, which would promote the uniform formation of the coating, increase the hole size, oxide accumulation and voltage value. The coatings show good hydrophilicity, and the increase of Al content makes the coating more uniform, resulting in better hydrophilicity.

Tantalum carbide (TaC) coating was prepared on high-purity, high-density graphite by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The effects of gasification temperatures, flow rates and deposition temperatures on the surface qualities of TaC coating were investigated. And then, the technical conditions of TaC coating prepared by CVD method were confirmed. Finally, TaC coatings with high densities were obtained.

High entropy alloys are emerging field in recent years. Different from traditional alloys, they are generally composed of five or more major elements, with the content of each principal element ranging from 5% to 35% (atomic fraction). Many elements are disordered but have simple phase structure. High entropy alloys have obvious advantages and huge development space. Refractory metal based refractory high entropy alloys have great concern in recent years. Refractory metal alloy with three or more high entropy is called refractory high entropy alloys. Due to the high melting point of refractory metal, the refractory high entropy alloys show good high temperature mechanical properties, high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, which are welcomed by the mass and expected to replace the traditional high temperature alloy. In this paper, the preparation method, phase structure, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of refractory high entropy alloys are described in detail. Finally, the development of refractory high entropy alloys are prospected.

Platinum iridium alloys possess high chemical stability, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, high temperature resistance and high catalytic activity, and have been widely applied in transportation, biomedical, energy, chemical and other fields. In this paper, the typical application fields of platinum iridium alloys were reviewed, such as electrical contact materials, spark plug electrodes, biomedicine, catalysts and etc. The further developing directions of platinum iridium alloys were discussed briefly.

The refractory rare metal molybdenum has the advantages of high melting point (2 620 ℃), good seismic performance and strong corrosion resistance, and has become an important high-temperature structural and functional material, which was widely used in aerospace, semiconductor lighting, microelectronics, medical equipment and other important areas. However, due to a series of processing characteristics such as high temperature oxidation of molybdenum, high deformation temperature, fast temperature drop and high tensile strength, its development is seriously limited in the application field. Molybdenum alloys have excellent thermal conductivity/conductivity, high temperature strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, and are widely used in important high temperature environments such as missiles, turbines and fusion reactor components. In recent years, based on the domestic and foreign scholars′ researches on the mechanical properties of high temperature tensile, compression, creep, bending, fatigue and ablation of molybdenum alloys, it is found that the composition, content and mechanism of different grades of molybdenum alloys have an effect on high temperature performance. In this paper, the future prospects of high-temperature application of molybdenum alloy were reviewed from the practical application point of view, and research and development of new preparation process and performance of molybdenum materials were constructively prospected for the future.

The gold nano material is prepared by a chemical reduction method, and with sodium citrate as a reducing agent, chloroauric acid is reduced by heating to obtain an aqueous solution of gold nano particles. Using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, the influence of preparation process parameters on product size and product generation rate is studied. The results show that the concentration ratio of reactants, the order of reactants and the pH of the solution affect the size of the product to a certain extent, and the holding temperature, holding time and stirring rate have a greater influence on the rate of product formation. Here, the related factors influencing the formation process of gold nanoparticles are analyzed.

Oleophobic/superoleophobic surface is widely concerned now because of its wide application prospect in the prevention of biological adhesion and oil-resistant materials. In this paper, the related theory of surface wettability and classical physics model were introduced, the preparation and processing methods of oleophobic/superoleophobic surface were summarized, the further research and development were prospected, and the reference for oleophobic/superoleophobic surface to the further research was provided.

Abstract: A highly symmetric multi-branched compound (new antioxidant) N,N, N ', N '-[ 1,4 phenylenediamine] – propionate [ 1,2,2,6,6 – pentamethyl ] piperidine alcohol ester which has not been reported in the literature , has been synthesized by transesterification using N, N, N 'N'- tetra methyl propionate - 1, 4 -phenylenediamine and 1,2,2,6,6 – pentamethyl-4-ol as starting materials, and tetraisopropyl orthotitanate as catalyst. The structure of the compound was confirmed by 1H-NMR, liquid-mass spectrometry test (LC-MS), infrared spectrum test (FT-IR), and elemental analysis . In order to study the properties of the new antioxidant, the new antioxidant、antioxidant D ( N-phenyl -β- naphthylamine)、light stabilizer GW-622 were added to the natural rubber,and made a kind of different Rubber diaphragms,and the properties of masterbatch thermooxidative, photooxidative were also determined. The results indicated that, the new antioxidant has good properties of masterbatch thermooxidative and photooxidative.

As an effective substitute for traditional fossil energy, solar cells have attracted wide attention from scholars. As one of the main raw materials of crystalline silicon solar cells, the quality of silver paste affects the photoelectric conversion rate and the levelized cost of energy. Silver powder is the conductive phase in the paste, whose performance plays a key role in the electrical properties, fluidity and adhesion of the paste. In recent years, the research work in the field of silver powder finds that the shape, size, dispersion, particle size distribution and tap density of silver powder have an effect on the electrical properties of conductive paste. Studies have shown that silver powders with different shapes and particle sizes are the main factors determining the properties of paste conductivity and sintering quality. The tap density of the silver powder affects the compactness of the sintered thick film and the photoelectric conversion of the battery. In the preparation of silver powder, the selection of dispersants will affect the dispersibility of the silver powder, thereby affecting the fineness, adhesion and electrical resistivity of the paste.

Organic pyrolytic carbon-coated artificial graphite anode material with a core-shell structure was prepared via a sol-gel and pyrolysis route. The effects of coating amounts and species of carbon resource on the lattice structure, the particle morphology and the electrochemical performance of the modified artificial graphite were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), constant current charge-discharge and cyclic voltammogram (CV) tests. The electrochemical measurements reveal that the sample coated with 5 wt.% PVDF exhibits a stable specific capacity of 360 mAhg-1, a higher initial coulombic efficiency of 88.5%, excellent rate-capability and good cycling stability. This may be mainly attributed to the complete formation and the proper thickness of amorphous carbon film on the surface of graphite particles. The isotropic structure characteristics of amorphous carbon increase the diffusion channels of lithium ions and thus facilitate the electrode reaction process.

Beta-type gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) has the advantages of wide band gap, high breakdown strength and low manufacturing cost. It is a high-quality alternative material for the preparation of third-generation semiconductors. Methods for preparing β-Ga₂O₃ materials include Czochralski method, edge-defined film-fed growth method, floating zone method and Bridgeman method. Because the material is volatile at high temperature, it is easy to generate more impurity gases, the shape of the crystal is difficult to control, and more defects are generated in the single crystal. In this article, the current preparation methods of β-Ga₂O₃ was summarized, and the processes, principles and related applications of various preparation methods were introduced. The characteristics of these methods and processes were compared, the main reasons for the low quality of the products were analyzed, and solutions were proposed. Finally, the reference for future research on optimizing the preparation process of β-Ga₂O₃ material was provided.

Abstract： Al2O3 and Cr3+-doped Al2O3（0.3wt%，1wt%） thin films have been grown on Si(100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The as-prepared films show cubic γ-Al2O3 structure. After vacumm annealing at 800 oC for one hour, the crystallinity of the sample was improved. The annealed film presents the diffraction peaks of α-Al2O3 and γ- Al2O3.The SEM image reveals that crystal grains of the films have an average grain size of 250nm and a morphology of bar. The electron energy spectrum shows that element compositions of thin films are almost the same as the according targets. Compared with Al2O3 powder, the intensity of the luminescence peak at 386nm of Al2O3 thin films greatly enhances. This can be ascribed to an increase of oxygen vacancies in the thin films and the concentration of F2+ color centers caused by double-oxygen-vacancy absorbing electrons accordingly enhances. Compared with Al2O3 thin film, the intensity of the luminescence peak at 332nm and 398nm of the annealed Al2O3 thin films greatly enhances, which can be ascribed to an increase of the concentration of color centers (F+、F). The blue shift from 386nm to 381nm of emission peak of Al2O3 thin film after annealing is mainly attributed to release of the internal stress. The photoluminescence spectra of 1wt% Cr3+-doped Al2O3 thin film show two emission peaks at 694 nm and 646 nm, which are caused by electron transition of Cr3 + ions from to 4A2 and 4T2 to 4A2. Keywords: PLD；Cr3+-dopedAl2O3 film；photoluminescence；annealing

The authors have adopted the improved co-solvent method to prepare the large-size thin crystals of semiconducting 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN). The thin crystals show the lateral size as large as a few millimeters and the thickness in a range from 90 nm to 700 nm. Polarized optical microscopy confirms their single crystalline nature and it is found that the size and thickness of the thin crystals increase with the increasing of the solution concentration. X-ray diffraction and SEAD analysis reveals that the crystals exhibit high molecular orientation and high structural ordering. The field effect transistors (FET) based on the TIPS-PEN thin crystals exhibit a high hole mobility of 0.39 cm2V-1s-1, two orders of magnitude larger than those from the cast thin films. The hole mobility is found to increase with decreasing the thickness of the crystals.

With the trend of Moore's law, the decreasing size and fine structure of semiconductor devices, batteries and bio-medical devices increasingly require the higher performance of thermal interface materials (TIMs). The micro/nano structure of these materials will influence the working efficiency and operation life of TIMs. To improve the quality of TIMs, researchers applied new methods on synthesis routine, structure modification, simulation modelling and measurements. In this article, the types of thermal interface materials, for example, single component TIMs, metal-polymer composite TIMs, nonmetal-polymer composite TIMs were summarized. The principle of electron-phonon coupling and its impact on the thermal transport within micro/nano-scale composite materials including lattice vibration, electron-phonon scattering were reviewed. Typical models of electron-phonon coupling like SMAMM was introduced. The equipment and methods such as time domain thermal reflection and 3ω for measuring the interfacial thermal conductance were also introduced, and the development and application of electron-phonon theory in the future was also prospected.

Two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide has attracted the domestic and foreign researchers for the extraordinary layer structure, tunable gap, stabled physical and chemical properties. The latest progress of the two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide is summarized, and the crystal structure, optical properties and band structure of the tungsten disulfide are primarily introduced. And then the preparation method of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide is listed, and the application of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide in the field of photocatalyst, photo detector, lubricant, and field effect transistor is summarized. Eventually, the challenges and opportunities of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide are prospected.

Polyimide (PI) is widely used in the field of insulating materials for electronic integrated circuits. With the continuous upgrading of the electronic communication industry, signal transmission is gradually developing toward high frequencies (such as 5G communication). In order to meet the requirements of faster signal transmission and lower dielectric loss, it is necessary to continuously reduce the dielectric constant of the insulating PI material on the printed circuit board (PCB). However, conventional PI has a relatively high dielectric constant, which therefore must be modified to meet the 5G high-frequency communication requirements in the near future. In this work, we review and prospect the research progress of PI materials and their modification.

A novel mineral oil-based magnetorheological fluids was prepared with carbonyl iron powder for magnetic particle and SiO2 particles as thixotropic agent，The effect of particle size of SiO2 on magnetorheology, stability and tribological performance of magnetorheologicalfluids was studied by measuring the zero field viscosity, rheological curve, sedimentation rate, and the friction coefficient et al.. The results indicated that the SiO2 with middle particle size as a thixotropic agent could significantly improve the zero-field viscosity, and field-induced shear stress was enhanced with SiO2 in small particle size. Sedimentation stability was improved significantly with the increase of the particle size of SiO2, but the dispersion performance was poor with larger apparent viscosity of sediment. In addition the magnetorheological fluid showed good anti-friction performance with average SiO2 particle size in 15nm and 100nm.

The cell outer membrane mimetic structures of nanoparticles were prepared using methacrylic acid (MA), 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) as monomer, potassium persulfate (KPS) and chitosan by template polymerization. The size distribution and structure properties of nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential. The drug release properties of nanoparticles were estimated by doxorubicin in vitro release experiment. That cell outer membrane mimetic structures of nanoparticles may have potential applications in the ?elds of gene therapy and drug delivery. The controlled release properties had been an important academic significance on the study of outer cell membrane structures of nanoparticles.

Lithium-ion batteries are one of the most promising battery systems to be widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems. Lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) has been intensively investigated as an important anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high potential of around 1.55 V (vs. Li/Li⁺) during charge and discharge, excellent cycling stability, and high thermal stability and safety. This paper reviews the recent advances in structure and electrochemical performance of lithium titanate involving on new preparation methods of micro/macro particle, surface modification and ion doping. The micro/macro particles can provide greater surface area and shorten the migration distance for Li⁺. The better contact between the electrode and electrolyte produces benefits transportation of Li⁺, which improves the cycling performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. The major methods of surface modification are carbon coating, forming Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/metal composites and modification by new surface phase. Such methods aim to increase the conductivity and improve the cycling performance of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂. Doping ions increases the electron concentration and electronic conductivity since the partial Ti⁴⁺ transform to Ti³⁺. The future development of lithium titanate as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries is also prospected in this review.

As a type of biodegrada polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, its environmentally friendly characteristic has been widely recognized around the world. However, its poor water resistance largely limits the popularization and application, due to a large number of hydrophilic groups in PVA molecules. In this work, glutaraldehyde and urea were used to react with PVA by acetal reaction, and then the plasticizers (glycerol, PEG-400, MgCl₂) were added to the system to destroy the hydrogen bonding of PVA and reduce its crystallinity, in order to achieve the plastic modification effect. Finally, the structure of the products and the performance of the cured films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, physical and mechanical properties, and contact angle. The results showed that the water resistance and thermal stability of PVA films could be enhanced by the crosslinking reaction of PVA with glutaraldehyde and urea. The addition of glycerol, PEG-400 and MgCl₂ could improve the elongation at break and tensile strength of PVA films. And when the additive amount of glutaraldehyde, urea, glycerol, PEG-400 and MgCl₂ in the formula were 4%, 0.5%, 6% and 2%, respectively, the mechanical properties of the film were optimal with the elongation at break of 136.7% and the tensile strength of 3.48 MPa.

Super-hydrophobic is an important surface properties of the plants and animals surface in nature. It has great potential because of its high contact angle and low roll angle, with self-cleaning and reconciliations interfacial adhesion and friction, and it has caused widespread concern in surface engineering and precision engineering. This paper summarizes the development of superhydrophobic theoretical models in recent years and the main factors affecting of superhydrophobic property, starting with the classical theory of energy, application Young's equation, the theoretical models of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter, and their transition condition to explain the formation mechanism of superhydrophobic surface, and discussing the contact angle of hysteresis theory and the theory of the contact line in superhydrophobic surfaces; then summary of the geometric topology structure of the surface and its parameters effect of super hydrophobic properties based on Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter two theoretical model; final analysis the prospects for superhydrophobic future.

Our country energy structure is "rich coal, less gas, lack of oil". Developing coal chemical resource utilization technology not only has important strategic significance for national energy security, but also has broad market prospects. Coal-tar, as a by-product of coking in the steel industry, is mainly composed of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons and has a relatively high carbon content. At present, it is mainly based on combustion, which brings a series of energy and environmental problems. Therefore, the efficient use of coal-tar resources is an industry problem that need to be solved urgently. The preparation of functional carbon materials from coal-tar is an effective way to explore the high value-added utilization of coal tar. In this paper, the main technology and application prospects of synthesizing porous carbon materials from coal-tar pitch were introduced. Analysis shows that the specific surface area and pore structure of the carbon material can be controlled by activation or template methods. However, due to the characteristics of coal tar raw materials, a single method is difficult to meet the development requirements of high-performance carbon materials. Therefore, adjusting the molecular structure of coal tar pitch by fine chemical technology, improving the molecular structure to change the physical and chemical properties of coal tar pitch is of great significance for the development of coal-tar pitch based carbon materials.

Metamaterials have attracted much attention because of their extraordinary mechanical properties that natural materials cannot achieve. The properties of metamaterials mainly depend on the microstructure of artificial design, so the metamaterials can go beyond the intrinsic properties of the materials and enter the era of "artificial design". Precisely designed phononic crystals, known as "seismic metamaterials", can create a band gap corresponding to the seismic frequency. In this paper, the basic unit phonon crystal types, band gap characteristics and isolation principle of seismic metamaterials were reviewed. The research status of seismic metamaterials at home and abroad was summarized. Based on the problems existing in the current application of seismic metamaterials, the future application of seismic metamaterials in earthquake disaster reduction was prospected.

With the development of human beings and the progress of society,people pay more and more attention to the environmental problems,especially the detection of toxic and harmful gases.Metal oxide gas sensors can solve this problem.Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor has been widely studied and applied because of its small size,low cost,convenient use and quick response.Tungsten trioxide (WO₃),as a typical n-type semiconductor gas sensing material,has attracted wide attention in the detection of various toxic and harmful gases due to its unique gas sensing properties.The structure and morphology of sensing materials,the exposed crystal facets,the introduction of oxides and noble metals play a key role in improving the gas sensing performance of materials.Therefore,in this paper,the recent studies on the synthesis,interface control,modification methods,gas sensing properties and related mechanisms of one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional WO₃ materials were summarized,the existing problems in the research process of gas sensor based on WO₃ at present were put forward,and its future development trend was prospected.

In recent years, due to the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources, as well as environmental crisis and other issues, the research and utilization of luminescent materials have received widespread attention. As a kind of luminescent material, luminescent fiber has its unique properties. Luminous fiber has many advantages such as non-toxic, harmless, bright color, soft material, excellent anti-aging property, and sustainable luminescence. Luminous fibers are divided into fluorescent fibers and luminous fibers, and luminous fibers are divided into self-luminous type and light-storing type. The luminescent fiber realizes the cycle function of automatically absorbing light-storing light-emitting light. It not only solves the problem of environmental protection but also conforms to the principle of sustainable development. The development of luminous fiber is the need to cope with the scarcity of resources and to realize the sustainable development of the chemical fiber industry. It is also the need to realize energy saving and emission reduction and develop a low-carbon economy. The application fields of luminous fiber materials include but are not limited to luminous printed fabrics, luminous textile applications, toys and embroidered artwork, functional clothing, anti-counterfeiting, and so on. The author sorts out and summarizes the representative results of luminescent fiber materials, mainly including the classification and application of luminescent materials, introduction and preparation methods of luminescent fibers, characteristics and applications of luminescent fibers, and the existing problems and future development of the field. The direction is forecasted.