30 January 2018, Volume 49 Issue 1

    

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Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2017)
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  Effect of Al doping concentration on the structure and optical properties of zinc oxide nanorods

  WANG Yuxin, CUI Xiaowen, ZANG Gudan, ZHANG Wei, SONG Yong, LI Zhen, WANG Lei, ZHAO Shuai

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1001-1004. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.001

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  Al doping zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) nanorods with good photoluminescence which were made with the sputtering time of 15 min and the sputtering pressure of 0.7 Pa, were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method with zinc oxide seed layer glass sheet as substrate. The crystal structural, surface morphology and photoluminescence properties of samples were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). XRD results indicated suitable Al doping made the growth direction of the zinc oxide nanorods along c axis (002) commendably, especially when the concentration ratio of Zn and Al was 1:0.02, the preferred orientation of zinc oxide nanorods along the c axis was the best. But in the case of increasing Al doping concentration, the selectivity became worse. SEM results showed that the crystal quality of zinc oxide nanorods decreased with the increase of Al content, and the top of the nanorods was becoming thinner, but the six angle structure still kept same. Photoluminescence showed that the band gap of zinc oxide was broadened by the incorporation of Al, and the near ultraviolet and blue luminescence properties of zinc oxide were improved. With the increase of the concentration of Al³⁺, the optical properties of the nanorods got better before they went poor. When the concentration ratio of Zn²⁺ to Al³⁺ was about 1:0.02, the optical properties of the nanorods are the best, meanwhile the intensity of the near UV emission light got maximum, and the blue shift occured. Different concentrations of Al doping had a certain impact on zinc oxide nanorods, and proper Al doping made the zinc oxide nanorods obtain better structure and optical properties. Meanwhile the application field of zinc oxide nanorods is broadened, which is very important for the production of optical devices.
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  Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide porous ceramic composites with three dimensional network structure

  XIAO Lujun, HUANG Xiaozhong, DU Zuojuan, TANG Xiuzhi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1005-1008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.002

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  By combination of precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and three-dimentional printing methods, carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide porous ceramic composites (3D-C_f/SiC porous ceramic composites) with three-dimensional open-celled network structure were successfully fabricated. Carbide fibers and polycarbosilane used as raw materials were sintered at 1 250 ℃ in argon atmosphere. The phase composition, microstructure and compressive strength were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal material testing machine. The results show that the phase composition of 3D-C_f/SiC porous ceramic composites consisted of β-SiC and C. As the diameter of porous ceramic composites increased, the porosity decreased and the bulk density, skeleton density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity increased. When the diameter of the porous ceramic composites increased from 1.0 to 2.5 mm, the pore size increased from 1.0 to 2.5 mm, the porosity increased from 63% to 82%, and the bulk density, skeleton density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity decreased from 0.85 to 0.45 g/cm³,1.52 to 0.92 g/cm³,8.00 to 4.20 MPa and 2.00 to 1.20 W/(m·K),respectively .
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  Research progress on cadmium sulfide composite photocatalyst materials

  CHEN Feng, CHEN Xiao, GENG Lijuan, CHEN Zhigang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1009-1016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.003

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  Cadmium sulfide is a kind of semiconductor material with photocatalytic activity, but its application in the field of photocatalysis is greatly limited due to its light corrosion effect. Cadmium sulfide can form composite materials with different types of materials, promoting material photocatalytic capacity while reducing the light corrosion effect. In this paper, the synthesis, photocatalytic activity and mechanism of cadmium sulfide composites have been reviewed, which could provide guidance for the research of cadmium sulfide composites.
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  DFT calculation of microstructure and properties of CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface

  ZHENG Hongshun, ZHAO Zongyan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1017-1021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.004

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  Although the novel CeO₂/CoSe₂ composite catalyst with good photocatalytic performance was successfully prepared in experimental research, there is little understanding of the intrinsic mechanism of CeO₂/CoSe₂ microstructure, electronic properties and enhanced photocatalytic performance. The charge transfer, energy band migration and interface interaction of CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface are analyzed by the first principle principle. It was found that the CeO₂ (200) and CoSe₂ (210) planes were bound to a stable CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface. The CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface had a built-in electric field due to the contact potential difference between the CeO₂/CoSe₂interface, which effectively improved the quantum conversion efficiency and made the CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface have strong redox ability. At the same time, the photoresponsive range of CeO₂/CoSe₂ interface was broadened, and CeO₂/CoSe₂ had good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. These results will help us to better understand the inherent mechanism of CeO₂/CoSe₂ interfacial structure to enhance the photocatalytic performance, and provide a solid theoretical basis for further study of new CeO₂/CoSe₂ composite photocatalyst materials.
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  Preparation of flexible SnO₂/ZnO composite photoelectrode and its application in dye-sensitized solar cells

  CHEN Zeng, XU Binghua, LI Shengjun, LI Zhuo, PEI Qingqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1022-1025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.005

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  Zinc oxide-coated tin oxide (SnO₂/ZnO) powder was prepared by a facile method. The SnO₂/ZnO composite powder was characterized by X-ray diffractometer. SnO₂/ZnO composite porous films utilized in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were prepared using one-step electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The as-deposited films showed no cracks when the film thickness was 33 μm. The amount of ZnO coating and film thickness are optimized to achieve high energy conversion efficiency. The SnO₂/ZnO composite films deposited on flexible conducting substrate were extruded by a presser. The effect of ZnCl₂ contents on photoanode properties of SnO₂/ZnO composite films was investigated. The results of SEM show that the SnO₂/ZnO composite films became smoother and the nanoparticles in the films became closer to each other. The photoelectrical properties of the SnO₂/ZnO composite films electrodes were significantly enhanced by this post-treatment. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current density were both increased. The optimized SnO₂/ZnO composite films photoanodes based on ITO/PEN substrate showed an overall power conversion efficiency of 3.95% under AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW/cm²), having a short circuit current density, open circuit voltage, and fill factor of 16.43 mA/cm², 0.493 V and 0.49, respectively.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress of strengthening and toughening modes and mechanisms of molybdenum alloys

  ZHOU Yuhang, HU Ping, CHANG Tian, DENG Jie, HU Boliang, WANG Kuaishe, FENG Pengfa

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1026-1032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.006

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  Molybdenum alloy has been widely used in the electronic power equipment manufacturing, aerospace, national defense industry and many other areas as a new generation of important strategic significance of rare metal alloys. At present, the main way to improve the properties of molybdenum alloys is alloying. The brittleness mechanism of molybdenum alloy and the three acknowledged strengthening and toughening mechanisms,solution strengthening, dispersion strengthening and fine grain strengthening,are introduced.The research situation of the alloying mechanism of improving the performance of molybdenum alloy at home and abroad is reviewed and the development prospect of high strength and high toughness molybdenum alloy is outlooked.
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  Advances in the application of ionic liquids in carbon nanotubes/rubber composites

  SONG Shichuan, LI Hai, YANG Jintao, GUAN Shanshan, ZHAO Shugao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1033-1039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.007

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  Ionic liquids as a kind of green solvent, with the advantages of low toxicity, non-volatile, non-flammable, high conductivity, good thermal stability and chemical stability, have attracted extensive attention in the research of carbon nanotubes composites in recent years. In this paper,the advantagesof performanceand problems of carbon nanotubes/rubber composites were analyzed, the application of ionic liquids in modified carbon nanotubes/rubber composites was discussed in particular, and the prospect of its application was prospected.
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  Magnesium phosphate cement as rapid road repair material

  SUN Jialong, HUANG Yubin, FAN Yingru, LAN Xingyang, NIU Xinchuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1040-1043. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.008

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  As a kind of special cement, magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) has the characteristics of early strength, high hardness and good adhesion. In this paper, the feasibility of using it as a road repair material from the aspects of raw material, repair mechanism and composite materials was analyzed. On this basis, the application of MPC has great adventages and broad prospects. The road performance and construction technology of MPC are reviewed.
Research & Development
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  Influence of Si content on microstructure and mechanical property of CrN/TiSiN nano-multilayered films

  YUAN Qing, LI Wei, LIU Ping, ZHANG Ke, MA Fengcang, LIU Xinkuan, CHEN Xiaohong, HE Daihua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1044-1048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.009

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  The NbN and CrSiN layers were alternately deposited on the Si substrates by using magnetron sputtering apparatus. A series of NbN/CrSiN nano-multilayered films with different Si contents were produced by using different Si contents. By X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and nano-indentation techniques, the influences of Si content on microstructure and mechanical properties of the NbN/CrSiN nano-multilayered films were investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of Si content, the crystallinity of the film firstly increases and then decreases, as well as the hardness and elastic modulus of the film. When the n(Si):n(Nb) ratio is 3:22, the maximum hardness and elastic modulus are obtained to be 31.92 and 359.3 GPa respectively. The microstructural characterization shows that when the n(Si):n(Nb) ratio is 3:22, the CrN/TiSiN nano-multilayered film presents the columnar growth feature. The CrSiN layers are fully transformed into fcc structure under the template effect and grown epitaxially with NbN layers. The improvement of the mechanical properties of the NbN/CrSiN nano-multiayered films can be attributed to the coherent and epitaxial growth between CrSiN and NbN layers.
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  Preparation and investigation of chiral recognition performance of chiral amphiphilic copolymers based on L-leucine monomer

  ZHA Zhiqiang, LIU Zhilei, ZHOU Jianping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1049-1054. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.010

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  A series of amphiphilic copolymers P(MALMA-co-MPEAA) were synthesized by common free radical polymerization using macromonomer monomethyl polyethylene glycol_{1 000} ether acrylate (MPEGAA) and chiral monomer N-methacryloyl-L-leucylmethylamine (MALMA), which was prepared via esterification and amidation reaction from chiral source L-Leucine(L-leu). The structure and morphology of copolymer were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gel permeation (GPC), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV ray absorption and polarimeter. The results showed that the molecular weight distribution of the random amphiphilic copolymer is broad and it can form spherical micelles in the water. After drug is loaded, the particle sizes increase from 50-60 to 70-75 nm. BOC-L and BOC-D-phenylalanine can be selectively released from micelle particles, indicating that micelles have chiral recognition properties, and the ability of chiral recognition increases with the increasing amount of chiral groups. The ¹H NMR characterization was used to confirm the results.
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  Light emitting formation in C-doped SiO₂ after Xe/Pb-ion irradiations

  LIU Chunbao, CHEN Lanfang, CAI Lugang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1055-1058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.011

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  Amorphous SiO₂ thin films were thermally grown on single crystalline silicon. These SiO₂ films were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 100 keV carbon ions, then irradiated at RT by 308 MeV Xe or 853 MeV Pb ions. The variation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of these samples was analyzed using a fluorescent spectroscopy. The results showed Xe/Pb-ion irradiation can significantly modify the PL properties of C-doped a-SiO₂/Si samples and the PL properties depend strongly on the C-ion implantation dose, ion energy and irradiation dose of high-energy ions. In addition, the PL efficiency of samples changes with the increase of ion energy and irradiation dose, i. g., ions with higher value of S_e can efficiently modify the PL properties of samples at the same irradiation dose. The appearance of some PL peaks is mainly due to the formation of 8H-SiC inclusions and increase of ≡Si—Si≡ defects. The possible mechanism of the PL property variety in C-doped a-SiO₂/Si samples under swift heavy ion irradiations was briefly discussed.
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  Effect of diamond size on properties of particles reinforced diamond/Cu composites

  HU Meihua, YU Kunpeng, BI Ning, LI Shangsheng, SU Taichao, HU Qiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1059-1063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.012

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  In this paper, high density diamond particles reinforced copper matrix composites were fabricated under high pressure. The effect of diamond size on properties of particles reinforced was studied. The density, component, hardness and thermal conductivity were characterized. The results show that under high pressure conditions, the density and the purity of the composites are effectively improved with a relative density values of about 97.07%-99.85%. With the decrease of particle size of diamond, the hardness of the composites greatly raises and the thermal conductivity slightly decreases. The hardness value is 53-68.0 HB and the thermal conductivity is 310-320 W/(m·K). High pressure method provides new means and ideas for the preparation of composite materials.
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  Microstructure adjustment of expanded graphite and its influence on

  SHI Shudong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1064-1070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.013

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  In this paper, the effects of particle size and heating ratefor puffing on the microvoid structure of the expanded graphite and the thermal performance of the paraffin/expanded graphite phase change energy storage composites were analyzed by thermal analysis, thermal conductivity and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the expanded graphite with small particle size could help to reduce the transformation hysteresis and increase the density. The expanded graphite puffed with lower heating rate presentedmore uniform and fine pore distribution, which improved the thermal conductivity of the EG/PCM energy storage composites. The proportion of the expanded graphite in the composites is one of the decisive factors of thermal conductivity. It is also important to adjust the microvoid structure of the expanded graphite to improve the performance of the EG/PCM phase change energy storage composites.
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  Preparation and cytotoxicity of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes loaded with formononetin

  LIU Xiaohong, HUANG Zexian, XU Danqiao, LIAO Cancheng, XU Xinhao, GUO Bohong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1071-1077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.014

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  The carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes were modified by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to prepare CD-MWCNTs. According to the result of Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), HP-β-CD has been grafted to MWCNTs-COOH successfully. Then CD-MWCNTs were non-covalently conjugated with FMN, and laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the compounds. The drug release characteristics were investigated. The anticancer activity of CD-MWCNTs-FMN was determined using a water-soluble tetrazolium salt reagent (WST-1). The results demonstrated that the encapsulation efficiency of CD-MWCNTs for FMN was (50.60±1.92)% and the drug loading capacity was (7.20±0.98)%. In vitro release studies showed that the drug release rate under an acidic condition (pH 5.5) was lower than that under physiological condition (pH 7.4), which indicated a pH dependence. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the anti-cancer activity of CD-MWCNTs-FMN was stronger than that of free drugs. Therefore, CD-MWCNTs are a good sustained-release drug delivery system and can promote the anticancer activity of FMN.
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  Numerical research on the influence of mesoscopic structure on HTPB propellant mechanical properties

  FENG Tao, XU Jinsheng, HAN Long, CHEN Xiong, ZHOU Changsheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1078-1082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.015

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  To study the effect of mesoscopic structure on the mechanical properties of HTPB propellant, the mesoscopic particle filling model of HTPB propellant was established based on molecular dynamics algorithm and the bilinear cohesive zone model was employed to describe the mechanical response of the particle/matrix interface adhesive element. Then the stress nephogram and stress strain curves of different formula HTPB propellants under the uniaxial tensile load were obtained by the finite element numerical calculation. The result shows that there is almost no interface debonding between RDX and matrix. And with the content of RDX increasing, the propellant initial modulus decreases significantly, but the tensile strength is almost unchanged. This can give some reference values for the optimization design of the HTPB propellant formula.
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  Study on synthesis of amphiphilic copolymer PVDF-g-GDMA and its application in protein fouling resistance of PVDF membrane

  CHEN Xiaobing, CHEN Fengtao, SHI Xingxing, ZHU Jintao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1083-1089. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.016

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  The monomer glycerol dimethacrylate (GDMA) was grafted on PVDF backbone via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to synthesize an amphiphilic copolymer PVDF-g-GDMA. The resulting copolymer as a hydrophilic modifier was incorporated in PVDF matrix to fabricate PVDF-g-GDMA/PVDF composite membrane through non-solvent induce phase separation method (NIPS). The polymerization process was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (¹H NMR). The results showed that GDMA was successfully grafted onto the PVDF backbone. The chemical composition changes of composite membrane surface were confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The membrane morphologies were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Contact angle measurement was employed to evaluate the hydrophilicity of the membranes. The permeate flux and protein fouling resistance of PVDF-g-GDMA/PVDF composite membranes were assessed using cross-flow permeation test with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. It is found that the permeate flux of the composite membrane (M4) is about 2.5 times than that of the PVDF membrane, while BSA rejection ratio changes slightly. In summary, the obtained composite membranes exhibit improved water permeability, enhanced hydrophilicity and excellent anti-fouling properties.
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  The viscoelastic properties and nonlinear model of silicone rubber-based electrorheological elastomer

  ZHANG Ziqi, MA Ning, WANG Qi, NIU Chenguang, DONG Xufeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1090-1096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.017

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  The viscoelastic properties and the modeling of electrorheological elastomers (EREs) under harmonic loadings were presented in this paper. With a 30% volume fraction of TiO₂/urea core-shell particles dispersed in silicone rubber matrix, the anisotropic ERE samples were fabricated by curing under a constant electric field of 1 kV/mm. The samples were tested under different levels of electric field with variable shear frequencies and strain amplitudes. Then the influences of loading conditions to viscoelastic properties of ERE were analyzed. After that a revised non-linear Bouc-Wen model was used to portray the behaviors of ERE and the parameters in this model were identified based on the experimental data. The simulations agreed well with the test data, indicating that the revised Bouc-Wen model can effectively reproduce the viscoelastic properties and nonlinearity of EREs.
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  Preparation and properties of boron carbide/organic silicone composites

  WEN Quandong, DENG Zhihua, YANG Wenbin, MA Chunyan, BAI Xiaofeng, JI Lanxiang, DENG Jianguo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1097-1101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.018

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  Under the action of platinum catalysis, boron carbide/organic silicone composites were prepared by using organic silicone resin as matrix and boron carbide modified with silane coupling agent KH550 as filler. The particle size, morphology and molecular structure of boron carbide before and after modification and related properties of boron carbide/organic silicone composites were characterized by DLS, SEM, FT-IR, thermal expansion coefficient instrument, TG, hardness tester and electronic universal testing machine. The results showed that KH550 was successfully grafted onto the surface of boron carbide, which changed the surface properties of the powder, enhanced the interfacial compatibility and reduced the interfacial tension between the inorganic boron carbide and the organic silicone resin. The tensile strength and shore hardness of the composites increased with the increase of the mass fraction of the inorganic fillers, and the tensile strength could reach up to 8.62 MPa. It could resist to high temperature of 300 ℃.
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  Corrosion resistance and tribological properties of Ni-ZrO₂-CeO₂ binary nano composite coatings

  HE Jie, WU Menghua, JIA Weiping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1102-1107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.019

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  Pure Ni, nanoNi-ZrO₂ and Ni-ZrO₂-CeO₂ composite coating were electrodeposited on 45 steel substrate by using the ultrasonic-electrodeposition. The effects of three composite coatingson surface morphology, microhardness, friction and wear performance and the corrosion resistance were studied. The results show that compared to the pure nickel coating and Ni-ZrO₂ nanocomposite coating, the surface of Ni-ZrO₂-CeO₂ nanocompositecoatingis thesmoothest andthe grains are smallest, and the highest surface microhardness is 494.18 Hv_0.1. Under the condition of loading 50 N, rotational speed 300 r/min and friction time 3 min, the minimum wear loss is 2.6 mg, and theminimum friction coefficient is 0.285. The lowest corrosion rate is 0.060383 mm/year in 3.5% NaCl solutionunder normal temperature and the surface corrosion characteristics are not obvious. The nanoparticles of ZrO₂ and CeO₂ deposited in the coating have fully utilized the synergistic growth advantage of binary nanoparticles. The metal grains are more refined, the surface is more smooth and the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating is improved.
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  Study and measurement on sound transmission loss of basic cell structure of silicone membrane acoustic metamaterial

  JIA Yuqi, FENG Tao, YANG Menglu, WANG Jing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1108-1111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.020

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  A specimen of membrane acoustic metamaterial was successfully fabricated. It consists of rigid frames, an elastic membrane, and additional masses to form the basic structure of its cell.The rigid frames of membrane acoustic metamaterial were made with aluminum, the elastic membrane was made of silicone, and the additional masses were used of NdFeB magnets. The sound transmission loss of membrane acoustic metamaterial was measured by impedance tube method. Different results were obtained by changing the mass of the additional masses. The STL curves of each experimental group were plotted. And then all the STL curves were put together for comparison to discover the sound transmission loss effect and regularity of membrane acoustics metamaterial. The corresponding relationship between the equivalent lumped parameter of the vibration of membrane and its STL curve was analyzed. The results showed that the peak corresponding frequency of sound transmission loss of the membrane acoustic metamaterial is tunable. In the frequency region between 50 Hz and 400 Hz, the average STL of membrane acoustic metamaterial is 5 dB, and the peak is over 11 dB. The sound transmission loss of the membrane acoustic material is much better than traditional sound insulation material in low frequency sound region.
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  Surface modification and UV resistance of high performance PBO fibers

  LI Zhihua, LI Hui, LIU Lanlan, LIU Xiaqing, ZOU Dehua, NIU Jie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1112-1116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.021

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  Poly-p-phenylene benzobisthiazole fiber(PBO fiber) surface modification was carried out by using polyacetic acid (PPA) acetic acid solution and PPA ethanol solution. The effect of PPA on the surface modification of PBO fiber was studied. PBO fiber surface modified by PPA were coated with an alicyclic epoxy resin coating with UV absorber. The effects of UV absorbers on the UV resistance of PBO fibers were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties. The results show that swelling and etching effect of PPA solution on the surface of PBO fiber increased with the increase of the mass fraction of PPA in the solution, and the tensile strength of PBO fiber decreased with the increase of PPA mass fraction. After PBO fibers were coated with a coating alicyclic epoxy resin containing UV-328, the UV resistance of PBO was significantly increased by the synergistic effect of UV-328 and alicyclic epoxy resins. The decrease rate of tensile strength of PBO fiber decreased with the increase of the mass fraction of UV-328 in the coating. When the mass fraction of UV-328 in the coating of alicyclic epoxy resin is 5%, the retention rate of PBO fiber could increase to 60.3% after 400 h accelerated aging.
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  Crystal structure and thermal performances of 5,5′-dinitramino-3,3′-bi[1,2,4-triazole]

  WANG Xiaojun, WANG Xia, LU Zhiyan, ZHANG Xiaopeng, SHANG Fengqin, SU Qiang, JIN Shaohua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1117-1120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.022

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  5,5′-Dinitramino-3,3′-bi[1,2,4-triazole] (DNABT) was prepared, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the crystal is monoclinic belonging to space group of P21/n1(14) with crystal parameters of the unit cell dimensions: a=0.5236(6) nm, b=1.7832(7) nm, c=0.6308(7) nm, β=112.48(2)°, V=5.428(106) nm³, z=2 and D=1.788 g/cm³. The thermolysis performance of DNABT was studied by thermal gravity/mass spectrometer analysis (TG/MS). When the temperature of decomposition was 201 ℃, m/z=30(NO⁺), m/z=28(N₂⁺), m/z=44(N₂O⁺) and m/z=27(HCN⁺) were detected, and m/z=47(HNO₂⁺) was detected at endothermic peak temperature of 96.49 ℃. The results show that the loss of crystal water is accompanied by the process of decomposition of title compound.
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  Targeted and controlled release of HNTs coupling SPOP antibody loaded anticancer drugs

  YAO Xihui, LIU Haoyang, XU Yi, CHEN Yun, TIAN Weiqun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1121-1126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.023

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  To research the targeting effect of HNTs loaded anti-cancer drug with cancer cells, the surface of HNTs with bioactive molecules was modified to make it with features of targeting carrier. Firstly, the surface of HNTs with amination was modified. Then the speckle-type POZ protein(SPOP) antibody was coupled to the surface of HNTs to establish the HNTs-SPOP^ab drug carrier and its morphology and properties were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD, respectively. Secondly, the sorafenib(SOR) was loaded into HNTs-SPOP^ab and the product was cocultured with A498 cells for 24 h. The inhibitory effect of HNTs-SPOP^ab loaded with drug was dected by FACS. Besides, gemcitabine(GEM) was loaded into HNTs to compare the inhibitory effect on A549 cells (without SPOP specific antigen) by Edu test. The results showed that HNTs-SPOP^ab has features of stable structure and characters. The results of FACS suggested that HNTs-SPOP^ab loaded with drug has more significant inhibitory effect to A498 cells. The percentage of suppression of HNTs-SPOP^ab loaded drug is (16.12±0.45)％ higher than free drug directly. The results of Edu test showed that the HNTs-SPOP^ab loaded GEM has no significant difference with free drug to A549 cells. The suppression fluorescence ratio of HNTs-SPOP^ab-GEM is (94.12±3.91)％, which is higher than that of GEM (87.83±1.42)%. HNTs-SPOP^ab may be a potential promising targeting nanocarrier in the application of treatment in renal cancer.
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  Experimental research on compressive behavior of brick masonry in offshore chloride environment

  ZHENG Shansuo, RUAN Sheng, CAO Chen, HU Weibing, NIU Lihua, ZHANG Qiushi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1127-1133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.024

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  In order to study the mechanical properties of brick masonry under the action of chloride ion in offshore environment, this paper adopt neutral salt spray test to simulate the coastal atmospheric environment. Using the mass fraction of 5% sodium chloride solution test the mortar, the dry-wet cycle corrosion test was carried out for mortar block, fired common brick and masonry specimens. The compressive properties of the specimens are tested for different corrosion times, the compressive strength of each specimen, the stress-strain relationship and the elastic modulus are analyzed. The measured stress-strain relationship of the masonry specimens are obtained by fitting the measured stress-strain relation of brick masonry. Results show that the compressive strength of the mortar and masonry block have a little decrease after 100 cycle corrosion times, while the bricks have a slight decline. With the corrosion time increasing, the compressive strength, the slope of stress-strain curve and the elastic modulus of the masonry block show an obvious downward trend, which indicate that the corrosion of chloride ion on masonry structure is large in offshore atmospheric environment.
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  Study on the interaction of rare earth element neodymium, iron and arsenic at 1173 K

  XIE Wenhao, HUANG Run, ZHANG Jinzhu, LI Wei, YANG Yong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1134-1138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.025

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  In this paper, Nd and As were sealed into the H08 steel cylinder at an atomic ratio of 1.0:1.0. After incubation at 1 173 K for 50 h, the samples were tested by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in terms of high-temperature interaction of Nd, Fe and As. The results show that the binary compound AsNd and FeAs₂ are the main products of high-temperature interaction of Nd, Fe and As. In addition, AsNd and FeAs₂ are likely to be prerequisites of the formation of ternary compound NdFeAs, while a small amount of Fe₆Nd₄ is the mixture of compounds Nd and Fe under high-temperature. In the Nd-Fe-As high-temperature interaction system, there are symbiotic relationships among various phases. Based on the calculation of diffusion coefficient of neodymium, iron and arsenic atoms and combination with scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, it is found that the diffusion of iron atoms dominates the system.
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  Effect of Cu doping on mechanical and magnetic properties of Mn_1.28Fe_0.67P_0.48Si_0.52compound

  Hamt W, LI Yingjie, OU Zhiqiang, Narsu B, SONG Zhiqiang, Hascholu O, Tana Bao, HUANG Jiaohong, Tegus O

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1139-1144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.026

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  Mn_1.28Fe_0.67-xCu_xP_0.48Si_0.52(x=0, 0.5, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) compounds were prepared by using mechanical alloying and solid state reaction method. The phase structure and magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and magnetic measurement.Mn_1.28Fe_0.67-xCu_xP_0.48Si_0.52 compounds crystallize in Fe₂P-type hexagonal structure with space group P-62m.The unit cell of the compounds shrinks in the a and b direction and expands in the c direction with the increasing Cu content, while there is hardly any change in the cell volume V. The XAFS analysis shows that Cu atoms occupy 3f sites, replacing parts of Fe atoms. Curie temperature has little change when x=0, 0.05 and 0.10, and the values are 255, 242 and 257 K respectively. The slope of FM-PM transition decreases withthe increasing Cu content. But when x=0.15, Curie temperature dramatically drops to 182 K, and a sharp FM-PM transition within 20 K is observed. The maximal magnetic entropy is 11.1 J/(kg·K) for a field change of 0-1.5 T. Mechanical properties of the compounds are improved by increasing Cu content.The compressive strength P enhances from 53.64 for x=0 to 136.65 MPa for x=0.20, and the enhancement is about 154%.
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  Fabrication and microwave absorption performances of cotton fiber@polyaniline composite

  ZHANG Long, WANG Xiaorui, WAN Xiaona, DUAN Wenjing, LI Hui, DU Xueyan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1145-1150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.027

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  In this paper, cotton fiber@polyaniline (CF@PANI) composite was prepared by in situ polymerization with cotton fiber as template. And then magnetic CF@PANI composite was prepared by physical adsorption Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), RTS-9 constant-voltage four-point, Fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and vector network analyzer (VNA), the morphology, structures and electromagnetic performance of the composites were characterized. The results show that HCl-doped polyaniline can be evenly coated on the surface of cotton fiber, and the optimum conductivity is 0.23 S/cm. The magnetic CF@PANI composites keep the original structure of the cotton fiber. When the weight ratio of Fe₃O₄ to CF@PANI is 1:1 and the match thickness is 2 mm, the minimum reflection loss value reaches -18.57 dB at 18.00 GHz. When the match thickness is 1.5 mm, the absorption bandwidths with the reflection loss blow -10 dB is 4.88 GHz. So the magnetic CF@PANI composites have potential application prospect in the field of electromagnetic absorption.
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  Study on the thermoelectric properties of copper/aluminum composite

  WANG Yanyan, WANG Congxing, LIU Ping, LIU Xinkuan, WANG Ziyan, CAO Kai

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1151-1155. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.028

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  Using a new type of induction heating process, copper/aluminum composite was prepared by solid-liquid-solid method. The resistivity of binding layers of different components and the relationship between the thickness of bonding layers and the thermoelectric properties of copper/aluminum composite were investigated. The thermal conductivity was observed by xenon lamp thermal conductivity meter DXF200. The resistivity was measured by SB100A/20A four probe conductor/semiconductor resistivity tester. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of Cu/Al compound materials bonding layers is 205.6 W/(m·K) and the resistivities of Intermetallic compounds of bonding layer,Cu₉Al₄ layer, AlCu layer and CuAl₂ layer are 14.35×10^-8, 8.17×10^-8 and 11.56×10^-8 Ω·m, respectively. Moreover, with the concentration of the thickness of bonding layers, the complex thermal conductivity of copper/aluminum composite gradually decreased. When the thickness of bonding layer was in the range of 1 to 100 μm, the copper/aluminum composite produced the satisfactory thermoelectric properties.
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  Application of bio-based hexagonal boron nitride dispersion in epoxy composites

  DING Jiheng, RAHMAN Obaid ur, DOU Huimin, PENG Wanjun, WANG Qiaolei, CHEN Hao, YU Haibin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1156-1162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.029

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  Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a novel two-dimensional nanofiller with good mechanical properties, high thermal conductivity and excellent lubricating properties, has the potential to improve the performance of polymer nanocomposites. In this work, hBN dispersion with a thickness of a few atoms was obtained by using the bio-based furfuryl alcohol glycidyl ether (FgE) as dispersant. The dispersion of hBN in FgE was characterized by TEM and AFM. FgE-hBN/epoxy composites were fabricated by using the FgE-hBN dispersion as a reactive diluent, and without using any organic solvent during the process. The as-prepared composites showed enhanced hydrophobicity, heat resistance, mechanical properties and wear resistance compared to pure EP. The improvement of performance for FgE-hBN/epoxy composites was mainly attributed to the excellent hydrophobicity, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and lubricity of hBN nanosheets.
Process & Technology
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  Thorn-like ZnS nano-crystal synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity

  WANG Xiaowei, QIAO Shizhu, LI Shuqing, HU Huifang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1163-1166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.030

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  Plate-like, spherical and thorn-like ZnS nano-crystal have been successfully synthesized via low-cost and simple chemical bath deposition, using Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O as Zn-precursor, CN₂H₄S as S-source and ethanol amine ((HO(CH₂)₂NH₂) as the solvent. The structural, morphological characterizations and optical properties were carried out using SEM, XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy and SPV. Using methylene blue as the degradation object, the photocatalytic activity under UV light was studied. The results show that the thorn-like ZnS nano-crystal has high photocatalytic activity, which is much higher than that of other nano-crystals with lower surface roughness. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue under UV irradiation can be close to 100%.
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  Synthesis of the highly efficient β-sialon:Eu²⁺ green phosphor and its application in wide-color gamut white LEDs

  LI Wanyuan, ZHANG Lin, MAO Jian, LU Lu, LIU Deyao, REN Shouquan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1167-1172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.031

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  Si_6-zAl_zO_zN_8-z:Eu²⁺ (0＜z≤4.2) (β-sialon:Eu²⁺) with different z values was synthesized by the solid-state reaction at 1 800-1 950 ℃ in a 0.9 MPa nitrogen atmosphere. As the z value increases, the photoluminescence spectrum presents the red-shift and the photoluminescence intensity goes up. However, the emission intensity of β-sialon:Eu²⁺ declines when the z value further increases because Eu²⁺ is more likely accommodated into the impurities. The raw materials also have an influence on the emission intensity. Compared to those β-sialon:Eu²⁺ synthesized by using Eu₂O₃ and commercially available Si₃N₄, β-sialon:Eu²⁺ made from the laboratory-made Si-Eu alloy and Si₃N₄ (via nitridation of high purity silicon) has a higher photoluminescence intensity. Under 450 nm excitation, the maximum absorption and external quantum efficiencies of β-sialon:Eu²⁺ are 70.1% and 49.0%, respectively. White LEDs (WLED) fabricated by using β-sialon:0.01Eu²⁺(z=0.1), red-emitting KSF:Mn⁴⁺ and a blue LED chip exhibit a theoretical color gamut of 95.40% of NTSC, color temperature of 6 504 K, luminous efficacy of 112.47 lm/W when driven at 120 mA current, indicating the great potential of β-sialon:Eu²⁺ for use in backlights.
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  Electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete prepared by combined admixture of nano TiO₂ and electromagnetic wave absorbing functional aggregate

  HE Liu, PING Bing, LYU Linnyu, HE Yongjia

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1173-1177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.032

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  Electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete was prepared by using nano TiO₂ admixture and TiO₂-containingfunctional aggregate as the electromagnetic wave absorbents. The effects of the TiO₂content, matching layer and the thickness of the specimen on the electromagnetic wave absorption of concrete were investigated. Results show that the electromagnetic wave absorption was optimal, when the content of nano TiO₂was 3% and its structurewas consisted of 10mm thick matching layer plus 10mm thick concrete layer.It is analyzed that the TiO₂ content and matching layer affected the wave impedance matching between concrete and free space, and in further affected the electromagnetic wave absorption. The prepared electromagnetic wave absorbing concrete has good physical and mechanical properties. The 28 d compressive strength of the prepared concrete was more than 40 MPa, which could be used as structural material directly.
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  Preparation and PM_2.5 capture property of electrospun poly(lactic acid)/EC-600JD nanofiber membranes

  LI Xu, WANG Xinlong, DAI Xiu, XIE Jiong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1178-1182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.033

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  Poly(lactic acid)/EC-600JD (PC600) nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning with PLA and EC-600JD as raw materials and used for the capture of PM_2.5. The prepared nanofiber membranes were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and XPS showed that the PC600 nanofiber membranes have successfully captured PM_2.5. The results of TGA indicated that the addition of a small amount of EC-600JD can significantly improve the capture capacity of nanofiber membranes. When 0.2 wt% of EC-600JD was added, the capture capacity was reached 20.5%, which increased nearly 3 times compared with the pure PLA membranes.
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  Synthesis, characterization and microwave absorbing properties of fluorene amine bis-Schiff bases and their iron salts

  LIU Zheng, WANG Hao, GUO Yajin, DENG Jiaju, ZHANG Shufen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1183-1190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.034

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  Three new Schiff bases were synthesized by using 2-aminofluorene, glyoxal, p-xylylene and 4,4'-biphenyldialdehyde as raw materials, and the corresponding iron salts were prepared by FeCl₃. The structure of Schiff bases and their iron salts were characterized by mass spectrometry, IR, UV and fluorescence analysis. The conductivity and electromagnetic parameters of the three Schiff bases and their iron salts were determined. The results showed that the iron salts with conjugated plane properties had absorbing properties and the conductivity increased by 2-3 magnitude. And the density functional theory was used to optimize the structure of Schiff base. The optimized data were screened and some quantum chemical parameters with large influence were analyzed. Finally, the linear regression equation was established by stepwise linear regression. The results show that the larger the conductivity and the shorter the bond length of C12-N14, the better the absorption loss.
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  Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Si nanowires by DC arc discharge plasma

  GAO Ming, YANG Yulin, CHENG Ting, LIANG Jingshuang, DONG Xinglong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1191-1196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.035

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  A novel Si nanowires (NWs) were synthesized by a transient VLS mechanism through DC arc discharge plasma, witch evaporated the bulk target of Si/Fe micron powder mixture in hydrogen/argon atmosphere. The TEM results indicate that the disordered network of Si NWs are formed with small FeSi₂ particles at their tips, which is the general character of conventional VLS mechanism grown one-dimentional structure. The Si NWs have uniform morphology with about 20 nm in diameter and 100 nm in length. XRD results show that the main phase of the product is silicon, and the diffraction peak of (111) surface is the strongest. Combining TEM image analysis, it can be concluded that the Si nanowires grow along (111) crystal surface. EDS spectrum analysis results show that the content of Si in nano powder is 97.4 wt% and Fe content is 2.6 wt%. As an active material for anode of Li-ion batteries, the lithiation/deliatiation electrochemical properties of Si NWs were investigated. Better performances of an initial discharge capacity of 1 704 mAh/g and a reversible capacity of 514 mAh/g after 50 cycles at 150 mA/g were detected. The Si NWs anode also exhibits good rate performance. When the current was restored from 1 to 0.1 A/g, the capacity increased to 802 mAh/g, showing that after the charge and discharge of high rate, the electrode still keeps the original microstructure and excellent charging and discharging performance. The transient VLS mechanism-dominant Si NWs are significant in cost advantage, easy operation, industrial scale production as well the application in high-performance lithium ion battery.
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  Fabrication and characterization of ordered nanopores films of Pt doped anatase for sensing at room temperature

  WU Tao, SHAO Shaofeng, RAO Weifeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1197-1203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.036

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  Ordered Pt-TiO₂ nanopores films with high crystallinity and long-range periodicity were fabricated via a post-synthetic water vapour hydrothermal treatment. Their nanostructure, crystallinity, particle sizes and pore size distribution were examined by HRTEM, FESEM, SAXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and BET. The examination of the gas sensing property of the Pt-TiO₂ nanopores films showed that the doping level and structure ordering of the arrays play an important role in the sensitivity to vapour contents. In particular, the benzene response at room temperature of the Pt-TiO₂ sensing films with 4at% Pt-doping level was found to be substantially improved up to three times higher than the reported values in literature.
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  Influence of different intermediate layers on properties of Al-doped ZnO thin films deposited on PMMA substrates

  GUO Tingting, KONG Lintao, GUO Huimei, WU Yongxin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1204-1208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.037

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  The ZAO thin films are deposited on PMMA substrates by using magnetron sputtering technology. The SiO₂, SiON, Al₂O₃, AlON thin films are used as intermediate layers to improve the adhesion of PMMA substrate and ZAO layer. The UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and scratch track are used to study the optical properties, crystal structure, surface appearance and adhesion. The results show that the intermediate layer does not have a significant impact on transmittance at 400-800 nm and the ZAO layer deposited on PMMA substrate with different intermediate layer exhibits the c axis preferred orientation. Adding an intermediate layer between PMMA substrate and ZAO layer improves not only the surface roughness and resistivity, but also the adhesion between ZAO film and PMMA substrate.
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  Preparation and characterization of epoxy/carbon black electrodes

  WU Guanzheng, XIAO Xueliang, ZHOU Hongtao, HAN Xiaoguo, QIAN Kun, MEI Xi, TAN Zhen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1209-1215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.038

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  An epoxy/carbon black nanocomposite was prepared by blending-molding approach using raw materials of transparent crystals of glue A, glue B and carbon nanoparticles. The composite was characterized for its composition, structure and morphology using FT-IR, TGA and SEM. Then the composite was thermal compressed onto a nonwoven fabric for human ECG electrode and its conductive properties were investigated. The tested results showed that a composite with nano carbon black dispersed into epoxy is successfully produced by the blending-molding method. Its elastic modulus is 2.45 MPa and conductivity is 0.399 μS/cm. The prepared glue ECG electrodes have excellent conductive properties with conductivity of 7.051 μS/cm. The electrode can acquire ECG signal clearly, stably with high signal/noise ratio, which meet the market requirements in application.
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  Construction and photocatalytic performances of hollow Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ microspheres synthesized with spray drying process

  TAN Jiao, BAN Jun, XIONG Qiuyue, WANG Yifan, XU Guangqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(1): 1216-1220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.01.039

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  Hollow Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂microspheres were fabricated by spray drying combined with subsequent calcination. The as-formed samples are separated microspheres with diameters of 1-2 μm. The structure, morphology and optical absorption performance are characterized by using X-ray diffraction diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscope. The photocatalytic activity of the as-formed photocatalysts with different calcination temperature is tested using the degradation of 20 mg/L methyl orange solution under UV light illumination. When the calcination temperature is 600 ℃, the as-formed samples achieve the highest photocatalytic rate of 98.77% in 2 h under UV light illumination.