30 August 2020, Volume 51 Issue 8
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
  • MENG Yongjun, GUO Heyuan, XU Ruiguang, LIU Linlin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8001-8006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.001
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    In order to study the aging performance of graphene rubber composite modified asphalt, the short-term aging and long-term aging of graphene rubber composite modified asphalt samples were simulated by RTFOT and PAV. Rubber asphalt and matrix asphalt were used as comparative tests to analyze the conventional and micro properties of asphalt samples before and after aging. The experimental results show that the penetration ratio, softening point difference and viscosity aging index of graphene rubber modified asphalt were stronger than those of rubber asphalt and base asphalt. In the micro test, the sulfoxide index of graphene rubber composite modified asphalt was small, and the aging resistance was improved obviously. In the fluorescence microscope scanning, the addition of graphene formed a network structure in the rubber asphalt, and it was more stable than rubber asphalt after aging.
  • XIAO Bingfei, CHEN Yue, FANG Qi, DING Zhu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8007-8013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.002
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    Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is an inorganic cementitious material composed of deadfired magnesia, phosphate, retarder and other modified materials. Compared with ordinary Portland cement, MPC has the advantages of fast hydration speed, high early strength, good interface adhesion with old concrete, good abrasion resistance and frost resistance. But the characteristics of its high brittleness limit its engineering applications. In this review, the researches of fiber reinforced MPC composites in recent years were summarized. The main purpose was to reveal the latest progress of magnesium phosphate cement composites in related fields. The properties and applications of plant fiber reinforced MPC, polymer and polymer fiber reinforced MPC, and inorganic fiber reinforced MPC were discussed.
  • DENG Yan, DING Yunfei, WANG Ningning, JI Yu, YI Huan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8014-8018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.003
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    Paraffin was the raw material, and the expanded graphite was chosen as absorbing material for having unique network space structure and good adsorption capacity. The paraffin/ expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change material was prepared, and then cement was added to prepare phase change patch material to the external wall. Some properties were tested. The results showed that the maximum absorption of expanded graphite was 90wt%, and the phase change temperature of paraffin/expanded graphite composite phase change material was 41.1℃, the phase change latent heat was 224.7 J/g. The latent heat has 1.14% deviation to the theoretical value. And the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that both paraffin and expanded graphite had good compatibility and stability. Comparing with ceramic tiles, the experiment results showed that the composite phase change patch material could effectively improve the insulate performance to walls, the maximum temperature decreased by 2.4℃,it could effectively reduce the heat to enter the room, and has potential to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in buildings.
  • YUAN Dongliang, CHENG Ruiya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8019-8023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.004
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    Tetraethyl orthosilicate was used as the precursor of SiO2 to prepare SiO2 coated ferrite (SiO2@Fe3O4) magnetic nanocomposites.The effects of stirring rate, (TEOS)g/(MNPs)g, ammonia content and hydrolysis temperature on the adsorption of methylene blue in wastewater were studied by FT-IR, TEM and BET characterization methods.The results showed that when the stirring rate was 400 r/min, (TEOS)g/(MNPs)gwas 2.4, the ammonia content was 2.5 mL, and the hydrolysis temperature was 40 ℃. The prepared SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites had the best adsorption performance for methylene blue.The results of magnetic separation and regeneration showed that the pore size of SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocompositeswas suitable and uniformly distributed. The magnetic separation performance of SiO2@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocompositesmet the daily needs, and had good regeneration performance and excellent methylene blue adsorption performance.
  • SUN Ruonan, TONG Zhi, ZHANG Qunchou, ZHOU Guangrui, LIU Ting, YAN Xiao, LI Yan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8024-8029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.005
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    In this study, Luochuan loess was used as raw material to prepare the tubular porous loess ceramic support by using the rolling molding method and solid particle sintering method. The main chemical components of natural loess were compared and analyzed. Using XRD diffractometer, SEM, mercury intrusion method, three-point bending method, mass loss method and self-made internal extraction, the crystal phase composition, microstructure, pore size distribution, flexural strength, acid-base corrosion mass loss rate and pure water flux of tubular loess-based ceramic support were characterized and tested. The effects of holding times on the properties of tubular loess-based ceramic support were investigated. The results show that the main components of Luochuan Loess were alumina, silica, and various metal oxides, which accounted for 15.6%, 56.7%, and 27.08%, respectively. When the heat treatment temperature was 1100 ℃ and the holding time was 120 min, the main crystal phase was quartz, hollow crystal and cristobalite. The average pore size was 4.68 μm, and the pure water flux was 1092 L/m2·h·MPa, the flexural strength was 31.46 MPa, and the mass loss rate of acid-base corrosion was 0.42/0.24%.
  • Review & Advance
  • HAI Ao, LI Lulu, BU Yanpeng, MA Shiyuan, ZHANG Chenglin, ZENG Rui, YUAN Jinqiu, ZHANG Yungeng, CHEN Danyun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8030-8038. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.006
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    Arsenic (As) is a difficult environmental pollutant to remove in the process of water environmental treatment and soil remediation, which has an extremely serious toxic effect on human. It is difficult for the removal of As in current environment remediation. Alumina is an important remediation material for As-contaminated water and soil, which has a significant effect on the adsorption of As. In this paper, the synthesis methods of nano-alumina and the factors in As adsorption process are summarized, and the improvement direction and application prospect of the adsorption on As by alumina are forecasted.
  • LI Jingxue, CHEN Shanshuai, MA Shuaishuai, ZHU Wanbin, WANG Hongliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8039-8047. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.007
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    Cellulose, as the most abundant and inexpensive biomass resources, is an ideal alternative material for petrochemical resource to produce various advanced functional materials. In this review, recent important progresses in the research and development of advanced functional materials from cellulose were summarized, which mainly focused on the state-of-the-art preparation methods and the most cutting-edge applications. Cellulose-based materials, including mechanical functional materials, chemical functional materials, photoelectric functional materials, with applications in flexible display, drug transport, electronic components template, separation membrane, ultracapacitors, were thoroughly introduced. Challenges and perspectives for the development of cellulose-based materials were discussed with the aim to promote cellulose to be utilized to a higher level in the production advanced functional materials.
  • LI Lingfang, YUAN Zhipeng, HU Zhuang, FAN Changling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8048-8057. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.008
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    The recent researches of SnO2 as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries were reviewed. The main methods used by domestic and foreign researchers are to controll the microstructure and to coat a physical layer, or use them simultaneously. Synthesis of SnO2 nano-particles can improve the reversibility of the conversion reaction and increase the reversible capacity; Hollow, hierarchical or porous microstructure can buffer the volume change of SnO2 electrode and promote electrolyte penetration; Coating a dense and conductive layer on surface of micro-structure can enhance the structure stability and electronic conductivity. The synergistic effect of structural control and physical coating can make SnO2 not only have good cycle stability, but also have high energy density. Finally, the research trend of SnO2 is prospected, and it is pointed out that in order to embark the practical use of SnO2, we must focus on failure mechanism and performance enhancement strategy of SnO2 anode in full lithium-ion batteries.
  • ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Huifang, AN Shizhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8058-8065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.009
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    Aluminum air battery has the advantages of innocuity, high specific energy, low cost and good safety. As a kind of fuel cell, it is called green energy in the 21st century. It is widely used in the fields of standby power, emergency power and new energy vehicles. But the industrialization of aluminum air battery is developing slowly, the key reason is the material problem. The key to solve the problem is to improve the electrochemical performance of aluminum alloy anode material and air cathode catalyst. In this article, firstly, the basic principle of aluminum air battery was introduced. Secondly, the research progress of aluminum alloy anode materials and air cathode catalysts was reviewed. Thirdly, the research situation of electrolyte was summarized. Finally, a perspective of its future development was provided.
  • XIONG Caizi, LI Duosheng, YE Yin, LIN Kuixin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8066-8071. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.010
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    The idea of preparing nanomaterials was based on template method and self-assembly method. Three-dimensional graphene (3D graphene) with large specific surface area, high porosity and unique network structure was synthesized by assembling two-dimensional graphene sheets into a three-dimensional network structure. Due to its unique network structure, it exhibited potential application in treating pollutants in water. Therefore, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and complexation between the 3D graphene and the contaminant could be improved by enhancing the bonding between the graphene and doping modification. In this paper, the progress and achievements of template-assisted chemical vapor deposition (template-assisted CVD), ice template, hydrothermal and chemical reduction methods for preparing 3D graphene and its application in the treatment of heavy metal ions, organic compounds and dyes in wastewater were summarized.
  • CUI Shiqiang, KAN Hongmin, ZHANG Ning, RU Hongqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8072-8077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.011
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    Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) material has excellent properties in physical and chemical aspects.Due to its unique morphology and structure, hexagonal boron nitride is of great research value in the fields of thermal conductivity filling materials, carrier materials, adsorption materials, etc, and it is an essential functional material under certain limit conditions in the high-tech field.Therefore, the preparation and properties of hexagonal boron nitridematerials are the focus of current research. In this paper, the basic properties of hexagonal boron nitride were reviewed, some methods for preparing hexagonal boron nitride powder were introduced, the problems in the preparation process were analyzed, and the application development of hexagonal boron nitride powder in the future was studied.
  • Research & Development
  • FENG Qu, WU Xue, WANG Boyang, LIU Bin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8078-8084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.012
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    The preparation of microfibrillated cellulose by dilute hydrochloric acid pretreatment and high pressure jet micronization was studied. The microstructure, size distribution, crystallinity and thermal stability of the samples were explored. Experimental results show that the diameter of cellulose microfibrils decreased from several or dozens of microns to dozens or hundreds of nanometers and the length of cellulose microfibrils decreased from hundreds of microns to several of microns. The particle size index D50 of the samples treated by 6% HCL and high pressure jet micronization (130 MPa, 1 pass) decreased from 93 μm to 14 μm. After treated by dilute hydrochloric acid and high pressure jet micronization, crystallinity of all samples was lower and thermal stability of the samples was fundamentally unchanged. Actually, the tensile properties of film samples were greatly improved. The tensile properties of film samples prepared by 6% HCL hydrochloric acid and high pressure jet micronization (130 MPa, 4 pass) were the best. Its average tensile strength was 20.41 MPa, average elongation was 7.93%, and average modulus of elasticity was 322 MPa.
  • WANG Zhiwen, LIU Huiying, DONG Xufeng, QI Min
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8085-8091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.013
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    A small-diameter and three-layer vascular graft (3LVG)of L-polylactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) with pore diameter gradientwas prepared using a combination ofvariable-rate iterative electrospinning and ultrasonication reaming methods.The pore area, fiber diameter, and porosity were characterized. The results showed that 3LVG had distinctpore diameter gradient, and the pore diameters of its each layer, including inner layer, middle layer and outer layer, were all in the pore diameter range of the small-diameter arterial blood vessels. Axial and circular tensile tests and burst pressure test were also performed, indicating that the tensile strengths of 3LVG in axial and circular directions were similar to that of human coronary arteries. Furthermore, the compliance test revealed that the compliance of 3LVG was close to the native blood vesselunder normal human blood pressure.
  • XU Chang, LI Chun, FAN Xiaoyan, YUAN Guang, QI Chunqing, SUN Wanmei, CHENG Kai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8092-8099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.014
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    Green and cleaning is the theme of the research on electrode materials of supercapacitors. Transition metal compounds have unique advantages in electrochemical energy storage. To integrate their merits into one electrode, two kinds of environment-friendly and pollution-free materials H2O and H2O2 were used as hydrothermal agents. The Ni(OH)2 has been grown on the foam nickel. The structures, morphology, composition elements and electrochemical characteristics of the prepared H2O-Ni(OH)2 and H2O2-Ni(OH)2 were analyzed and discussed. The H2O2-Ni(OH)2 exhibited good mass specific capacitance of 1560 F/g at the current density of 3 A/g and excellent cyclic stability with 90% capacitance retention after 5,000 cycles, which was better than the electrochemical performance of H2O-Ni(OH)2. Compared with H2O-Ni(OH)2, H2O2-Ni(OH)2 had a denser growth structure and better orientation. The excellent mass specific capacitance and cycle performance were attributed to the more active sites and more stable growth morphology. Additionally, it provided a very favorable morphological basis for the study of the growth morphology of electrode materials.
  • JING Qingxiu, ZHANG Chengxi, HUANG Xiaodong, WANG Wei, ZHANG Zehui, YOUWei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8100-8104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.015
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    A porous ceramsite based on copper slag was prepared by high-temperature sintering with copper smelting slag as main raw material, sodium bicarbonate as flux and straw as pore forming agent. The porous ceramsites prepared were applied as filter material for a BAF to treat wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen. The effects of sintering parameters on performances of the ceramsite were studied. The removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater by the BAF with copper slag ceramsite as filter material was investigated. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of copper slag: sodium bicarbonate: pore forming agent (mass ratio)=10:1:1, calcining temperature of 1 050 ℃ and holding timeof 30 minutes, ceramsite was prepared with optimized performances which met the requirements of the national standard. When a biological aerated filter with the ceramsite as filter material was used to treat simulated wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, under the conditions of carbon nitrogen ratio of 4∶1 and hydraulic retention time of 6 hours, the removal rate of NH+4-N reached 80% after 30 days.
  • DENG Wenxin, WU Aimin, ZHOU Shuyu, HUANG Huihui, QIU Zhiwen, HUANG Hao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8105-8110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.016
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    MoS2 thin films were fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering method with MoS2 as sputtering targets at different sputtering powers. XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS were used to analyze the thin films. The change of film structure and morphology during cycling and its effect on the cycling performance of the electrodes were discussed.The results show that the prepared MoS2 thin films with S-rich content were amorphous. The SEM results show that the S and Mo elements in the film were uniformly distributed and there was no segregation phenomenon. The XPS analysis results show that the sulfur phase existed in the prepared film, and the content of sulfur phase in the overall film was about 14 at.%. During the initial cycling process, uniformly distributed porous structure was formed in situ by the irreversible loss of sulfur contained in the MoS2 film. The porous structure could effectively alleviate the volume expansion of the film during subsequent cycling process, and increase the specific surface area of the active material. When the target power was 100W, the discharge specific capacity of the film was 429.8 mAh/g after 20 cycles. And after 300 cycles, the discharge specific capacity still maintained at 420.4 mAh/g, exhibiting the excellent cycle stability.
  • YAO Mengyao, ZHAO Xin, CHEN Yaoyan, WANG Zhe, DONG Jie, ZHANG Qinghua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8111-8116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.017
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    Reduced graphene oxide composite fibers are supposed to be ideal electrodes for supercapacitors with high flexibility and conductivity. In this study, Hummers- method was used to prepare graphene oxide (GO). Based on a wet-spinning method, GO fibers were prepared, drawn out and then preliminary reduced by an infrared heater to form preliminary reduced graphene oxide fibers (PRGO). For the further reduction, PRGO fibers were reduced by hydrazine vapor at 90 ℃, and the structure and electrochemical properties of the prepared fibers were investigated during the different reduction time. The results indicated that the more complete morphology and better electrochemical properties were obtained during the reduction time for 2 h. Moreover, further deposition of polyaniline (PANI) by in-situ growth on RGO fibers could further improve specific capacitance to 46.11 F/cm3.
  • CAO Xiaohua, ZHONG Chanjuan, MU Jing, XIE Baohua, XU Changlong, ZHAN Changchao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8117-8122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.018
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    The supported Dawson structure phosphotungstic acid catalyst H6P2W18O62/KH570-SiO2 was prepared by impregnation method with SiO2 modified with silane coupling agent KH570 as the carrier, and characterized by FT-IR, EDS, SEM and BET. A new method of synthesis of n-butyl acetate catalyzed by H6P2W18O62/KH570-SiO2 has been studied. The main factors, including quantity of the catalyst, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature and reaction time were investigated. FT-IR and EDS characterization results showed that phosphotungstic acid still maintained Dawson structure after loading. SEM characterization results showed that H6P2W18O62 was uniformly dispersed on KH570-SiO2. BET test results showed that the specific surface area of H6P2W18O62/KH570-SiO2 (122.40 m2/g) was much larger than that of H6P2W18O62 (1.75 m2/g). The experimental results show that H6P2W18O62/KH570-SiO2 was an effective catalyst for the synthesis of n-butyl acetate. When the mass ratio of the catalyst to total reactant was 1.9%, the reaction time was 2 h, the molar ratio of n-butyl alcohol to acetic acid was 2:1 and the reaction temperature was 120 ℃, the highest esterification rate was 96.4%. The catalyst could be reused for 5 times and the isolated of n-butyl acetate was still above 88.2% under the optimal conditions.
  • ZHENG Rui, LI Yu, JIANG Xiaowu, LEI Ying, GU Jun, YANG Haoyue, TAO Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8123-8127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.019
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    A series of oxyselenides thermoelectric bulks Bi1-xPbxCuSeO (X=0,0.2,0.3) were successful fabricated via microwave heating synthesis combined with spark plasma sintering for the first time, and their phase composition, microstructure and thermoelectric transport properties were investigated. The experimental results show that high purity Bi1-xPbxCuSeO were successfully synthesized by microwave heating, and the corresponding bulks with uniform element distribution and relative density of 99% were obtained by using spark plasma sintering. Partial substitution of Pb to Bi resulting in significantly reduced the resistivity. The conductivity increased with the increasing Pb concentration. The Seebeck coefficient decreased with the increasing Pb concentration, whereas the power factor increased to about 800 μW/(m·K2). Pb-doping reduced the lattice thermal conductivity to some degree, however the total thermal conductivity were slightly higher than that of the undoped sample due to the increase of electron thermal conductivity caused by the improvement of electrical conductivity. Due to the significant improvement of comprehensive electrical performance, the Bi0.8Pb0.2CuSeO obtained highest thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.54 at 773 K, which was 25% higher than that of the undoped sample.
  • LAI Guoxia, LI Yaohuang, HE Wenbin, GUAN Yalun, BIAN Yingmei, CHEN Xingyuan, LI Tianle, XU Xiangfu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8128-8132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.020
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    The electronic structure and optical absorption properties of R3c-ZnTiO3 were calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) and Modified Becke-Johnson (MBJ) potential method. The calculated results show that the intrinsic R3c-ZnTiO3 absorbed little visible light, and the S-doped R3c-ZnTiO3 formed a distinct S-defect energy level, which could reduce the band gap to promote the absorption of visible light. As the S doping concentration increased, the effect of enhanced absorption of visible light became more intensive. The calculated valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) charge analysis show that the S atom occupied the main VBM charge when S was doped with R3c-ZnTiO3. The transition between the VBM charge of S atom and the CBM charge of Ti atom could be relatively easy to emerge, which could expand application of R3c-ZnTiO3 as photovoltaic semiconductors.
  • GUO Weihua, CHU Dongxue, QU Xiaoshu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8133-8138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.021
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    The flower-like molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) was synthesized through hydrothermal method and compounded with phosphotungstic acid (PW12), and the structure and components of the composite PW12/MoS2 were characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-DRS. Taking Congo red as the target degradation product, the photocatalytic properties of PW12/MoS2 were studied and the influence of the catalyst amount on the photocatalytic degradation of the composite was explored. The results show that the band gap width of PW12/MoS2 was 2.46 eV. Compared with MoS2, the photoelectron-hole separation was enhanced and photocatalytic activity was improved significantly after the combination of MoS2 and PW12. The catalytic degradation efficiency of Congo red increased from 38.07% to 69.76% in 120 min under the irradiation. In addition, the photocatalytic activity of the sample in secondary use could still maintain 63.87% after 2 cycles.
  • ZHU Bo, WANG Jinmei, LIU Kexin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8139-8145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.022
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    In order to study the effect of eigenstate-polyaniline on the charging and filtration properties of nonwoven filter materials, non-woven composite material with good properties was prepared. The eigenstate-polyaniline/polypropylene (PANI/PP) composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The surface morphology of the composites was characterized by SEM, and the surface electrostatic potential, charge storage properties and filtration properties of the eigenstate-polyaniline/polypropylene(PANI/PP) composites and PP after corona charging were tested and compared. The experimental results show that the eigenstate-polyaniline/polypropylene (PANI/PP) composite had good electret performance, and the eigenstate-polyaniline (PANI) could greatly improve the surface electrostatic potential of polypropylene (PP). Under the optimal charging conditions, the eigenstate-polyaniline/polypropylene (PANI/PP) composites had more stable charge storage performance than polypropylene (PP). The charge retention rate was about 60% and its filtration efficiency was higher up to 20%.
  • SHAO Dongxyu, ZHENG Dongmei, LUO Xiaoxue, REN Chao, LI Xiuping, FENG Zhaoyan, XING Kongqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8146-8152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.023
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    Hainan coconut husk fibers were taken as raw material to prepare and produce carbon materials by decompressive pyrolysis carbonization, meanwhile the coconut husk fiber char sulfonic acid was prepared by fuming sulfuric acid as sulfonating agent. By using analysis methods of FTIR, DSC-TGA, and SEM and so on, the coconut husk fiber char sulfonic acid was constructed and profiled, which was used for catalytic synthesis of the performance and properties of ethyl acetate. The results showed that the suitable conditions of producing coconut husk fiber char sulfonic acid were the carbonization temperature of 300 ℃, the carbonization duration of 2 h, the sulfonating agent of 20% fuming sulfuric acid, the sulfonating duration of 3h, the sulfonating temperature of 90 ℃ and the ratio of the quality of carbon and the volume of sulfur of 1∶32 g/mL. FTIR analysis illustrated that the characteristic peak of sulfonic acid groups appeared after sulfating the carbon materials. The center of acid was stable below 180 ℃ according to DSC-TGA analysis. A large number of dense mesh holes on the surface of coconut husk fiber char sulfonic acid material were found by observing through SEM, which was larger than superficial area and also better for catalytic reaction. The results of catalytic experiments demonstrated that the yield of ethyl acetate could reach 91.74% in the synthesis of ethyl acetate with coconut husk fibers char sulfonic acid as catalyst. Additionally, the activity of the catalyst was still high even though the coconut husk fibers char sulfonic acid catalyst had been used for 4 times circularly.
  • XIA Qi, WANG Zhiyong, LI Bo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8153-8157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.024
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    MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics were prepared by a melt-quenching method. The effects of CaO content on crystallization, micro-morphology, flexural strength, thermal expansion coefficient, and dielectric properties were investigated. The activation energy for sintering was calculated based on the Arrhenius model of a constant heating rate. The results showed that since Ca atoms entered into the glass network, CaO addition reduced the softening point and the crystallization temperature of glass effectively and changed the crystallization tendency. Also, CaO doping reduced the sintering activation energy and promoted the sintering process of glass-ceramics. The increase of secondary crystal phase (MgAl2Si3O18)0.6 leaded to an increase of thermal expansion coefficient of the glass-ceramic. Meanwhile, an increase of flexural strength was related to the increase of bulk density and the internal stress generated by high thermal expansion phase. When the amount of CaO was 3 wt%, the glass-ceramic sintered at 950 ℃ showed best performances: flexural strength of 152 MPa, thermal expansion coefficient of 3.52×10-6 /℃, dielectric constant of 5.89, and dielectric loss of 1.85×10-3.
  • Process & Technology
  • XIA Zhiwei, LI Shengjuan, WU Kun, ZHAO Wenyi, XU Yixiang, HUO Yunhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8158-8164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.025
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    Three-dimensional porous carbon materials (PCMs) were prepared by in-situ evaporation pore forming process. The composite electrocatalytic materials Co2NiO4/PCMs and Ni-MnCo2O4.5/PCMs loaded with multi-element transition metal oxides were prepared by hydrothermal method using PCMs as supportingcarriers.SEM morphological characterization showed that burr-like metal oxides weregrown on PCMs, and the minimum burr diameter was 60 ± 10 nm. The specific surface area of the catalyst increased significantly due to the presence of PCMs.The composite catalyst Ni-MnCo2O4.5/PCMs showed excellent oxygen reduction performance and good stability. The limit current density of Ni-MnCo2O4.5/PCMs in the oxygen reduction reaction reached -6.65 mA/cm2, the number of electron transfer was about 3.91, and the current density was still around 95.06% after continuous operation for 30 000 s. This low-cost and high-performance cathode catalytic material preparation process would greatly accelerate the effective application of catalytic materials in metal air batteries.
  • WANG Yao, ZHU Qianke, CHEN Zhe, ZHANG Kewei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8165-8169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.026
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    Magnetic powder core is the latest type of the soft magnetic composites with great potential for the application in power electronics. Its properties are not only related to its own composition and structure, but also have great influence on its properties, including powder treatment, coating process, molding pressure and annealing coefficient. In this paper, gas atomized FeSiB powder was used as raw material to investigate the effect of different compacting pressure on the properties of the prepared magnetic powder cores. The specific results obtained showed that the passivatedFeSiB powder had a stable and compact surface coating layer, and the resistance of the magnetic powder core was increased while the magnetic loss was reduced.Compared with the magnetic properties of the corescompacted under different pressures, it was concluded that with the increase of the pressure, the permeability of thecores first increased and then decreased. The magnetic powder core obtained good comprehensive magnetic properties under 1400 MPa molding pressure (100 kHz, 50 mT), while the permeability was 17.66, the loss was 103.04 W/kg and the Q value was 64.34.
  • TANG Ruomei, YANG Gang, WU Mingxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8170-8174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.027
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    The Y2O3-Cu-matrix composite was fabricated by Micro-FAST. The mass fraction of reinforced phase Y2O3 was observed by testing the relative density, hardness, electrical conductivity and microstructure of the composite. The effect of Y2O3 on the microstructure and properties of copper-based composites prepared by Micro-FAST was investigated.The results show that with the increase of Y2O3 content, the relative density, hardness and electrical conductivity of the composites showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and reached the peak when the mass fraction of Y2O3 added was 1.0%. The relative density could reach 99.91%, the hardness could reach 75.8 HV and the electrical conductivity could reach 50.26 MS/m. Respectively, the overall performance of the composite material was optimal. The mechanical properties of Y2O3-Cu-matrix composites were better than that of pure copper sample.
  • ZHANG Suling, WANG Song, XU Qiang, DONG Qing, HAN Jiyong, GAO Junlin, WAN Xingchen, LU Yanhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8175-8182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.028
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    In this study, three-dimensional graphene monolithic materials (3DG) were prepared from graphene oxide by hydrothermal reaction and high temperature annealing process. The compressible properties and electrochemical performance of 3DG using as electrode material for supercapacitor were evaluated. The 3DG material with 3D porous cross-linked networks exhibited excellent compressibility and mechanical properties. The symmetrical supercapacitor based on 3DG electrode materials with sheet thickness of 2 mm and aluminum plastic package size of 5×6 cm2 showed a specific capacitance of 175 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte at the current density of 0.1 A/g, along with the specific capacitance retention rate of 81.9% after 10000 cycles at current density of 1 A/g. After loading different force, the excellent capacitive performance kept well.
  • PAN Wangheng, ZHANG Jinmin, XIE Jie, FENG Lei, HE Teng, WANG Li, XIAO Qingquan, XIE Quan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8183-8188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.029
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    Based on the too wide range of background vacuum degree selected by different researchers in the study of higher manganese silicide, in order to determine the suitable magnetron sputtering background vacuum conditions for preparing higher manganese silicide thin films, in this work, manganese film was deposited on Si substrate with background vacuum degree as a variable. The Mn/Si film obtained under different background vacuum degree in Ar atmosphere was annealed and the samples before and after annealing were characterized by SEM. The results showed that under the background vacuum of 10-3 Pa, the manganese particles on the surface of the film would obviously agglomerate before annealing. When the background vacuum increased to the level of 10-4 Pa, the agglomerate phenomenon would be significantly alleviated. Under the background vacuum of 4×10-3~8×10-4 Pa, the distribution uniformity of manganese particles was poor. When the background vacuum reached 7×10-5 Pa, the film surface would break. It was suggested that the background vacuum should be in the range of 5.7×10-4~7× 10-5 Pa when sputtering higher manganese silicide films.
  • CHENG Kuan, WANG Xueqin, LIU Dongfang, ZHAO Hongfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8189-8193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.030
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    In this paper, the microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO varistor ceramics were studied. The electrical parameters and microstructure of the samples at different sintering temperatures were measured by scanning electron microscopy, current-voltage voltammetry, capacitance-voltage and X-ray diffraction patterns from small current to large current. The experimental results show that the grain size of the sample sintered at 1150 ℃ was relatively uniform, the nonlinear coefficient and leakage current were 66 and 0.96 μA/cm2, respectively, and the voltage gradient was 381 V/mm. The comprehensive performance of the DC zinc varistor reached the highest excellent. With the increase of sintering temperature, the grain size (d) of ZnO increased, which led to the decrease of grain boundary number per unit length and the decrease of voltage gradient of ZnO varistor. The increase in the size of the grains could block the interconnection and interconnection of the triangular area and reduce the leakage current. When the sintering temperature was higher than 1 150 ℃, the volatilization of Bi2O3 would cause the nonlinear coefficient to decrease. The DC ZnO varistor with 381 V/mm voltage gradient could optimize the structure of ultra-high voltage arrester and make the potential distribution more uniform. In summary, the optimal sintering temperature for the preparation of B2O3 doped zinc oxide varistors was 1 150 ℃.
  • PENG Ruitao, HE Xiangbo, TONG Jiawei, TANG Xinzi, WU Yanping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8194-8199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.031
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    In this paper, nano-Al2O3 was added to soybean oil to improve its anti-wear and anti-friction properties, and the effects of four different dispersants on the suspension stability of nano-Al2O3 in soybean oil were compared. Using HRS-2M high speed reciprocating friction tester, the anti-wear and anti-friction effects of Al2O3 naonofluid were tested. The anti-wear and anti-friction mechanism and wetting properties of Al2O3 naonofluid were studied by using probe 3D profilometer, contact angle measuring instrument, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results showed that sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) had the best suspension stability of nano-Al2O3 in soybean oil. Nano-Al2O3 could effectively improve the anti-wear and anti-friction performances of soybean oil. When the mass fraction of nano-Al2O3 was 2.0%, the contact angle was the smallest and the anti-wear and anti-friction performances were the best. The action mechanism of Al2O3 nanoparticles was analyzed by combining EDS results.
  • LIU Yinglong, WANG Fangjun, LIU Xuan, MA Ding, WU Xueqiong, LIN Zhiyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8200-8203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.032
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    The corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the 690 protect tube after solution treatment have been studied with scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM), tensile and electrochemical corrosion test. The results showed the mechanical property would be deteriorated obvious when the solution treatment temperature over 1 030 ℃.Instantly, the mechanical property could be keep in a stable level if the temperature equal or below 1 030 ℃. The macro grain morphologies SEM photos showed the grain sizes grown too big to keep mechanical properties. The ectrochemical corrosion experiments reveled the corrosion resistance property of the samples which are treated at 1 030 ℃, 1 070 ℃, 1 100 ℃ is better than the treatment temperature are 950 ℃, 990 ℃. Besides, the Ecorr and Icorr of the sample heat treated at 1 030 ℃ is -0.01 V and -9.09 A/cm2 respectively. The data presents the sample has the best corrosion resistance property. Consequently, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of 690 protect tube has best property which solution treatment at 1 030 ℃ in this study.
  • LI Jian, TONG Honghui, WANG Kun, DAN Min, JIN Fanya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8204-8209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.033
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    Diamond like carbon (DLC) films with Ti and TiCtransition layer were prepared on the surface of Cu substrate by filter cathode vacuum arc deposition method. The field emission characteristics of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were studied by using a self-made field emission device. The bond structure and morphology of DLC films were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that diamond-like carbon films with good adhesion could be prepared by magnetic filter cathode vacuum arc deposition method at 100 ℃. The deposition rate was 15 nm/min. The DLC films had good field emission characteristics and the opening voltage was about 40 V/μm. Raman analysis showed that the ID/IG of DLC films with different substrate bias voltage was 1.19-1.57. SEM analysis showed that the microstructure of DLC films had a micron scale protrusion structure. The results show that the diamond-like carbon films with high sp3content and micro protrusion on the surface could be prepared by the magnetic filter cathode vacuum arc deposition method. This kind of DLC film had the characteristics of field emission.
  • CHEN Chen, HUANG Dongmei, LI De, YUAN Qi, WANG Chaoyi, SHEN Yiming, HU Yiwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8210-8214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.034
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    Silica aerogel withdifferent particle size of 100 mesh, 150 mesh, 200 mesh and 300 mesh and PTFE were used as raw material. Using acid-base catalysis sol-gel method, four different sets of SiO2/PTFE composites were prepared. The effect of different particle size of aerogel on the structure and properties of the composites was explored. The structure and properties of composites were characterized by TG, density, BET, ultimate oxygen index and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the SiO2/PTFE composite was a mesoporematerial with a density of 1.3203~1.5673g/cm3, a specific surface area of 60 m2/g~112 m2/g, and an average adsorption aperture of less than 50nm. The effect of adding SiO2 aerogel with different particle sizes on the thermal stability of composites was almost the same. With the decrease of SiO2 aerogel particle size, the change trend of BET specific surface area and density first decreased and then increased, and the change rate gradually decreased. After the addition of SiO2 aerogel with different particle sizes, the composite materials had the same spatial structure distribution but different grain sizes.
  • LI Hongliang, GUO Hanjie, WANG Xiaohui, SHEN Zhongmin, SU Yao, PENG Xuecheng, GUO Jia, GAO Lili, XUE Yanpeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(8): 8215-8220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.08.035
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    In this study, the micro-nano structured Zinc-Nickel alloy coating was fabricated on the DH36 ship plate steel. The influence of electrodeposition time on the morphology, chemical composition and crystal structure of the coating was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). Using the contact angle measurement, the wetting properties of the as-deposited Zinc-Nickel alloy coating with the electrodeposition time before and after PFTEOS modification was studied. The results indicated that the micro-nano structured Zinc-Nickel with deposition time of 3 000 s had contact angle of more than 160°, exhibiting the super-hydrophobic properties. And the electrochemical polarization curves confirmed that the corrosion resistance of the as-prepared superhydrophobic Zinc-Nickel alloy coating was about 32 times higher than that of DH36 ship plate steel.