30 July 2020, Volume 51 Issue 7
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
  • Effects of synthesis conditions on the photocatalyst performanceof Bi2MoO6/ZnO nano-composite
    MA Lisi, TIAN Xiaoxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7001-7006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.001
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    Using hydrothermal method, Bi2MoO6/ZnO nano-composite was synthesized under different preparation condition of different temperature, different reaction time and pH value. The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results show that Bi2MoO6/ZnO crystals could be produced under the best preparation condition of pH=6, T=160 ℃ and t=12 h, and the maximum catalytic degradation rate of methylene blue was up to 97.6% under visible light irradiation of 90 min. Bi2MoO6/ZnO nano-composites were hopeful to be applied in the field of photodecomposition.
  • Synthesis and photocatalytic hydrogen production ofmesoporous NiS2/S-g-C3N4
    LIU Kai, SU Yanghang, HAN Yaxiang, CHEN Xuxing, GAO Yun, LI Rong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7007-7014. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.002
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    In this paper, mesoporous S-g-C3N4 supported NiS2 composite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by one-step annealing using mesoporous SiO2 as hard template and CH4N2S and Ni(CH4N2S)4 as precursors. Firstly, the effective mass transfer effect of mesoporous materials was used. Then, the Ni-S coordination atomic layer was used as the transition connection layer between S-g-C3N4 and NiS2 to ensure the efficient transmission of photo-generated carriers. At last, the non-precious metal NiS2 was used as the cocatalyst to reduce overpotential of the hydrogen evolution and promote the electrocatalytic reduction of H+, which provided a guarantee for obtaining efficient g-C3N4-based photocatalytic hydrogen-producing materials. In the photocatalytic hydrogen production test, the mesoporous NiS2/S-g-C3N4 composite material showed excellent photocatalytic performance, and the hydrogen production performance of the 100-NiSCN reached 141.33 μmol/(g·h), which was 46 times that of pure g-C3N4 under visible light (λ≥420 nm). It provided a simple, efficient and economical design idea for the preparation of efficient g-C3N4 based photocatalyst, and provided a theoretical basis for large-scale industrial production and application.
  • Preparation and photocatalytic properties of I/TiO2-BiOBr@SBA-15
    ZHENG Yachao, DONG Liangliang, WANG Liang, SHI Dongjian, CHEN Mingqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7015-7021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.003
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    At present, environmental pollution caused by organic dye wastewater with large discharge, high concentration, and difficult to decolorize has become one of the major challenges facing humankind. Mesoporous materials are widely used in the field of photocatalytic degradation due to their advantages such as high stability, adjustable pore size, and high specific surface area. However, it is difficult to completely remove the dye only by the adsorption performance of the mesoporous material. Therefore, introducing a second metal or metal oxide into the mesoporous material is an effective way to improve its degradation efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, the non-ionic surfactant triblock copolymer EO20PO70EO20 (P123) was used as a template to synthesize mesoporous SiO2 material. The TiO2 was loaded on the surface and the interior of the mesoporous material by electrostatic action, and I and BiOBr were doped and loaded respectively on the surface of TiO2 to affect its band structure, and then improve the photocatalytic performance. The effect of different TiO2 and BiOBr mass ratio on photocatalytic degradation efficiency was studied. The results show that when the mass ratio of TiO2 to BiOBr was 3∶1, the photocatalytic degradation performance of rhodamine B was the best. The degradation rate of rhodamine B could reach 100% in 10 minutes after the lamp was turned on. Mesoporous I/TiO2-BiOBr@SBA-15 composite material was expected to be used for industrial wastewater treatment.
  • Preparation and characterization of flexible and highthermal conductivity graphene/fullerene composite films
    SI Malin, WANG Hefeng, LI Yongfeng, WANG Hao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7022-7026. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.004
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    Graphene, as a kind of two-dimensional crystal, has become a hot material because its unique heat transfer performance exceeds the limit of graphite. The flexible graphene/fullerene composite film was made by compounding the fullerene nano powder (10000 mesh) with graphene oxide water-soluble slurry to obtain graphene oxide/fullerene dispersion, which was carbonized-graphitized. In this all carbon structure, zero dimensional fullerene was used as the bridge between graphene sheets to enhance the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the film. Fullerene could effectively fill the gap between the two-dimensional graphene sheets and improve the heat transfer efficiency of graphene films across the interface. The multilayer graphene/fullerene composite film had high in-plane thermal conductivity of up to 1008 W/(m·K) and excellent cross interface heat transfer performance, Z-direction thermal conductivity of up to 50 W/(m·K), good thermal stability and tensile strength of 3.25 MPa, and the thermal decomposition temperature was 50 ℃ higher than that of graphene film. The combination of mechanical properties and thermal properties was expected to make this material a heat sink for the next generation of commercial portable electronic products.
  • Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure andproperties of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-1.5Co new medical alloy
    ZHAO Jie, MA Fengcang, LIU Ping, LIU Xinkuan, LI Wei, ZHANG Ke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7027-7032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.005
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    The Ti-24Nb-4Zr-1.5Co medical alloy were prepared by a tungsten electrode arc melting method. The content of ω phase precipitated during air cooling was controlled by regulating the annealing temperature, so as to study the influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure and properties of the Ti alloy and obtain better comprehensive performance. Changes in performance were analyzed by using PM, XRD, universal material testing machines, and electrochemical workstations. The results show that the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the alloy decreased, but the plastic toughness increased as the annealing temperature increased. The corrosion resistance of the alloy improved with increasing annealing temperature. The ω phase could damage the passivation film of the alloy, which deteriorated the corrosion resistance. Its content could be strictly controlled through appropriate heat treatment, so that the alloy could obtain high strength, low modulus, super elasticity and excellent combination of corrosion resistance.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress on formation of nanoporous titanium andtitanium alloys by dealloying
    FU Ying, LYU Guangyan, FU Liansheng, WANG Lu, LIU Ning
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7033-7038. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.006
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    Nanoporous titanium and titanium alloys show great application potential in medical medicine, electrode materials and engineering materials due to their excellent physico-chemical properties. Dealloying technology, including chemical corrosion, electrochemical corrosion and liquid metal dealloying, has been widely applied to prepare nanoporous metals and alloys. The dealloying technology not only offers the advantages of low energy consumption, low cost and a simple procedure, but also results in the formation of a nanoporous structure with variable pore size. In this article, the principles of formation of nanoporous structure by dealloying and the reported processing techniques were reviewed, and an outlook of the future of the nanoporous titanium and titanium alloys in application was provided.
    • Research & Development
  • Infrared optical and mechanical properties of boron carbidethin films deposited by hydrogen-assisted pulsed DC sputtering
    CHEN Ruting, SONG Shigeng, GIBSON Des, FLEMING Lewis, AHMADZADEH Sam, CHU Hinon, ZHANG Xiaoling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7039-7044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.007
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    In this study, boron carbide thin films were deposited by microwave plasma-assisted pulsed DC sputtering system with hydrogen as reactive gas at different hydrogen flow rates. The design thickness of boron carbide thin film was 1200 nm, and the design thickness of transition layer amorphous Si was 500 nm. The substrates used were microslides, Ge, Si, Si wafer, GaAs and JGS3. Then, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vicker indenter were used to analyze the effects of hydrogen flow (0, 3 , 7 and 10 mL/min) on the optical and mechanical properties of boron carbide thin films. As the results, the infrared optical transmittance and absorption rate could be improved by increasing the flow rate of hydrogen. At the same time, the increase of hydrogen could also reduce the stress of the coating, making it easy to adhere to the substrate. However, hydrogen reduced the hardness of boron carbide thin films.
  • Preparation of boron-containing polyvinyl siliconeresin and study on its heat resistance
    WANG Yongsheng, DENG Jianguo, WU Yuanpeng, MA Chunyan, JI Lanxiang, BAI Xiaofeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7045-7050. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.008
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    Using diphenyldimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane and 4-biphenylboronic acid as raw materials, phenylvinyl hybrid silicone resin prepolymers (BSiR) with different boron contents were prepared by hydrolysis-condensation method. And a new type of high temperature resistant silicone material-polyborosiloxane (PBS) was prepared by hydrosilylation and solidification with the hydrogen-containing silicone oil cross-linking agent under the action of platinum catalyst. Infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the hybrid silicone resin prepolymers and cured products. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, and component ratio on the synthesis were investigated. The results showed that when the reaction temperature was 75 ℃ and the reaction time was 6 h. the weight average molecular weight Mw of the synthetic silicone resin was 80246 g/mol, the number average molecular weight Mn was 99 437 g/mol, and the distribution width D was 1.24. The weight loss of the cured product prepared by using the silicone prepolymer as a base material was only 5% at 500 ℃.
  • Preparation and properties of polypyrrole conductive coatings
    ZHOU Jian, LI Bin, YUAN Xiao, LIU Cui, SHEN Chunyin, DAI Gance
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7051-7055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.009
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    Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by chemical synthesis using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (BADS) as dopant and ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant. The conductivity of PPy under different experimental conditions was tested by four probes. The influence of different factors on the conductivity of PPy was analyzed, and a PPy conductive coating was prepared with the aid of hydroxy acrylic resin. The coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), resistance tester, ultraviolet aging machine, thermal analyzer and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the PPy particles with particle size of about 2 μm was evenly distributed on the coating. The conductivity of 20% PPy conductive coating was the best, reaching 2.5×10-4 S/cm. It was found that, after placed in the UV aging machine for 30 d, the conductivity and adhesion of the coating decreased. The thermal stability of the coating was good, and the final weight loss temperature was about 500 ℃. The corrosion resistance of the coating was superior to that of the resin, and the corrosion resistance of the 5% PPy conductive coating was optimal.
  • Effect of aging temperature on phase transformation anddeformation behaviors of Ti-51.1Ni shape memory alloy
    FENG Hui, HE Zhirong, DU Yuqing, YE Junjie, Zhang Kungang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7056-7062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.010
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    The effect of aging temperature (Tag) on the microstructure, phase transformation, tensile property, and shape memory behavior of Ti-51.1Ni shape memory alloy aged at 300 ℃, 400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃ for 1 h, respectively, were investigated by XRD, optical microscope, TEM, differential scanning calorimetry and tensile test. The phase composition at room temperature of Ti-51.1Ni alloy aged at 300-600 ℃ was parent phase B2, martensite B19′ and precipitated phase Ti3Ni4. The morphology of microstructure was equiaxed, and Ti3Ni4 precipitations appeared in the microstructure. With increasing Tag, the morphology of Ti3Ni4 changed from punctate to flaky. With increasing Tag, the phase transformation type of Ti-51.1Ni alloy changed from A→R/R→A to A→R→M/M→A to A→M/M→A (A-parent phase B2, CsCl; R-R phase, rhombohedral; M-martensite B19′, monoclinic) upon cooling/heating. The R phase transformation temperature (TR) increased and the M transformation temperature (TM) decreased after aged at 500 ℃. With increasing Tag, the tensile strength of the alloy increased firstly and then decreased. The elongation of the alloy decreased firstly and then increased. The alloys aged at 300 ℃ and 400 ℃ showed superelasticity (SE), and the alloy aged at 500 ℃ and 600 ℃ showed shape memory effect (SME)+ SE. In order to make Ti-51.1Ni alloy show SE at room temperature, the alloy need to be aged at 300 ℃ or 400 ℃, and to make the alloy show SME at room temperature, the alloy need to be aged at 500 ℃.
  • Study of high mechanical quality factor constantelastic alloy Ni40Cr4Ti2MoNb
    WANG Fangjun, LIU Xuan, LIU Yinglong, LI Yongyou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7063-7068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.011
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    In order to explore a technological route of higher mechanical quality factor constant elastic alloy, the effects of aging heat treatment regime, cold deformation and chemical composition on the mechanical property, mechanical quality factor Q and elastic modulus E of alloy Ni40Cr4Ti2MoNb were investigated respectively. The results showed that aging heat treatment could obviously improve mechanical property and cold deformation was the main factor on Q. Furthermore, the variation of w(Mo)% contributed very little on Q and E, especially E. Through 650 ℃×3 h aging heat treatment combined with 40% deformation on the 3# sample which owned 1.84% Mo element, an expected high mechanical quality factor constant elastic alloy with Q of 46866, elastic modulus of 186.9 Gpa and the tensile strength beyond 1366 MPa was obtained.
  • Effects of polycarbosilane modified magnesium hydroxide onflame retardant properties of PP composites
    ZHANG Lifei, WANG Chunfeng, HAN Zhidong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7069-7073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.012
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    The halogen-free flame retardant was prepared by surface modification of magnesium hydroxide (MH) with polycarbosilane (PCS). The halogen-free flame retardant polypropylene composites (PPMC) were prepared by melt blending of PP and PCS/MH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze the structure of PCS/MH. The flame retardant properties and combustion behaviors of the composites were evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and CONE calorimeter, respectively. The thermal degradation process of the composites was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the microstructure of the residual char was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed the synergistic effect between MH and PCS in flame retardant PP composites. The LOI of PPMC with 60% MH/PCS was 29.7%, which was 11.2% higher than that of MH/PP composites (PPM) at the same flame retardant loading. The results from CONE revealed that the heat release and mass loss were inhibited apparently during the initial stage of combustion. The char with good thermal stability and barrier effect prolonged the time to peak heat release rate of PPMC, which was 145 s longer than that of PPM. The improved flame retardant properties of PPMC were attributed to a cohesive protective layer on the surface of the residue, based on the microstructure of the residue and thermal stability of PPMC by SEM and TGA.
  • Microstructure and wear properties of TiAlAgN-TiSiNcomposite coatings with micro amount of different Ag content
    WANG Zeyong, FENG Changjie, SHI Chao, WANG Jin, LIU Guangming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7074-7082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.013
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    TiAlAgN-TiSiN composite coatings with micro amount of different Ag content were prepared by arc ion plating using Ti50Al49Ag1, Ti50Al45Ag5 and Ti50Si20 alloy targets. The tribological properties at room temperature, 200 ℃, 400 ℃ and 600 ℃ were studied by using the ball disk friction and wear testing machine. The surface morphology, microstructure, hardness and adhesion of the coatings before and after wear were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester, surface profiler and scratch tester. The results show that the thickness of TiAlAgN-TiSiN(0.10%Ag) and TiAlAgN-TiSiN(0.25%Ag) composite coatings was 5.78 um and 7.06 um, and the hardness was 2649.9 (HV0.2) and 2361.0 (HV0.2), respectively. The diffraction peaks of TiAlAgN-TiSiN composite coatings with different Ag contents corresponded to face centered cubic TiAlN, and the preferred orientation was N(220) face. The main wear mechanism of the two coatings at different temperatures was adhesive wear and abrasive wear. TiAlAgN-TiSiN(0.10%Ag) coating was more wear-resistant than TiAlAgN-TiSiN(0.25%Ag) coating at room temperature and 600 ℃, and the best wear-resistant effect was obtained at 400 ℃. In addition, when the Ag content increased in the range of 0.10%-0.25%, the adhesion of the coating increased.
  • Sythesis of rGO-doped ZnSnO3 composites and gassensing performance to formaldehyde gas
    ZHAO Bangyu, HUANG Lingli, ZHOU Qilin, DU Ruoyu, GUO Weiwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7083-7091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.014
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    Formaldehyde is a typical indoor pollution gas, which harms people's health seriously. ZnSnO3 is a ternary metal oxide with a perovskite structure and is widely used in gas sensing materials. In this paper, different rGO-doped ZnSnO3 composites were successfully synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. XRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA, XPS and BET methods were adopted to characterize the structure, morphology, thermal stability, chemical composition, and specific surface area of composite materials, and the gas sensing properties to different target gases, such as ethanol, acetone, ammonia, Benzene and formaldehyde, were also investigated. The experimental results showed that the rGO-doped ZnSnO3 could effectively improve the gas sensitivity of ZnSnO3. Among them, the 4%rGO/ZnSnO3 composite had the highest sensitivity to 30×10-6 formaldehyde gas (38.9), fast response recovery time (112s, 15s) and good selectivity and stability.
  • Preparation of titanium-based metallic glass powderby high-energy ballMilling
    ZHONG Bin, ZHANG Lin, LI Xuewu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7092-7096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.015
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    Amorphous metallic glass has excellent mechanical, physical, chemical and mechanical properties, and is an important development direction and research hotspot of metal composite reinforcements. As a stable, simple, efficient and scalable technology, mechanical alloying provides an effective way to prepare amorphous metal glass. In this work, titanium-based amorphous metallic glass was used as the research object, and the mechanical alloying method was used to achieve efficient and controllable preparation of amorphous powders. The micro-morphology of sample surface was analyzed with the help of scanning electron microscope, amorphous phase structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and mechanical properties were measured by micro hardness tester. The results show that the prepared metal powders were relatively uniform and had good amorphous structure characteristics. The hardness test shows that as prepared amorphous metal powder had an improved hardness of 6 615 MPa, which could be used as an important part in reinforcing materials.
  • Effect of microwave energy changes during temperature stableperiod on the morphology and properties of nano-zinc oxide
    WEI Jinzhi, WEI Lingjun, CUI Zhengwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7097-7103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.06.016
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    Nano zinc oxide was prepared by microwave hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure in a novel microwave reactor with cooling heat pipe for process microwave radiation energy added in the stable temperature section. The effect of microwave radiation energy increased on the synthesis of ZnO was investigated. On this basis, different surfactants (sodium citrate and sodium oxalate) were added to prepare ZnO to explore its performance. The structure and properties of the samples were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance and the photocatalyticdeg-radation of Rhodamine B. The results showed that with the increase of microwave energy during the stable temperature period, the morphology of ZnO nanoparticles was obviously inclined to sheet structure, and the optical band gap of ZnO could be reduced by 0.13 eV at most, which was sensitive to the change of microwave energy under high power. Further addition of surfactant was benefit for forming three-dimensional ZnO structure, and the wavelength of absorbance peak of ZnO prepared with sodium oxalate was obviously increased. The photocatalytic experiment showed that under the same power, the degradation rate of ZnO prepared by increasing the microwave radiation energy could be increased by 20% after 90 min. The zinc oxide prepared by sodium oxalate had excellent photocatalytic performance, and the degradation rate could reach over 99% within 120 min.
  • The performance of PES ultrafiltration membrane modifiedby in-situ embedment approach with CNW
    WANG Xuan, LIU Zhen, MIAO Jiaojiao, JIA Yuan, SONG Limei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7104-7109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.017
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    In this study, polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes were surface modified by in-situ embedment approach with cellulose whiskers (CNW). The effect of CNW concentration in the water (coagulation) bath on the properties of PES membranes was investigated. The membranes were characterized and evaluated by scanning electron microscope observation, contact angle measurement and so on. The results showed that CNW were successfully embedded onto the membrane surface. The coverage ratio of CNW on membrane surface were obtained by changing CNW concentration in water bath. The surface and fracture morphology were also improved to some extent. A membrane was more hydrophilic when the CNW concentration was higher. The membrane exhibited the highest pure water flux around 333 L/(m2·h) when the CNW concentration was 0.4% (in mass), while the unmodified pristine PES membrane exhibited around 192 L/(m2·h). In the experiment of protein antifouling, the results of FRR indicated that the fouling-resistance of modified membrane was greatly improved. This study provided valuable insight into the preparation of high-performance nanocomposite membranes for water treatment by incorporating advanced nanomaterials with polymers.
  • Preparation and properties of self-healing superhydrophobicantibacterial fabric
    LU Yongyi, FENG Yonghong, HUANG Yang, ZHAO Yuzhen, WANG Yuehui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7110-7116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.018
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    The antibacterial fabric was prepared via a convenient solution-dipping method with self-made silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agent and non-woven fabric as base material. And the self-healing superhydrophobic antibacterial fabric was prepared by coated self-made fluorinated polysiloxane (F-POSS) via a convenient solution-dipping method. The effects of dipping time and concentration of F-POSS on the superhydrophobic properties of fabrics, as well as the self-healing, friction resistance and antibacterial properties of fabrics were investigated. The experimental results showed that the contact angle of the fabric could reach to 173.69° after dipped into F-POSS solution (5 mg/mL) for 2 h, indicating the good superhydrophobicity. After etched four times by oxygen plasma and the healing cycle at 25 ℃ and 99% humidity, the water contact angle on the fabric surface still reach 168.99°. The OD600 absorbance value of bacterial solution was tested by turbidimetry mehod, and the OD600 value of bacterial solution containing antibacterial fabric was lower than that of control group, indicating that the fabric had good antibacterial effect. After 300 times of abrasion, the water contact angle on the fabric surface still reached 169.89°, indicating that the fabric had good friction resistance.
  • Fabrication of low melting point In-Bi solder powders using liquidphase dispersion method and its low temperature soldering properties
    LI Xiaodong, ZHANG Chenyu, HUANG Di
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7117-7122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.019
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    ased on orthogonal experiment, the spherical In-Bi solder powders with low melting point and suitable particle size distribution have been prepared via liquid phase dispersion method using PEG400 as a dispersant, and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and DSC131 differential scanning calorimeter. It was found that the powder had a median particle size of 30 μm. The melting point was 71.6 ℃, which was slightly lower than the original In-Bi alloy material, and the phase composition of the powder was In and BiIn2. The low-temperature soldering performance of In-Bi alloy solder powder was investigated using Ag and Cu as substrates. The results show that the composition of the interface IMC layer obtained from the Ag and Cu substrates was AgIn2 and Cu11In9, respectively.
  • Investigation of structure and properties of GO-Al2O3anticorrosive coating for X80 pipeline steel prepared by sol-gel method
    BAI Dongyuan, LI Wei, LIU Ping, ZHANG Ke, MA Fengcang, CHEN Xiaohong, LIU Xinkuang, ZHOU Honglei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7123-7129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.020
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    The preparation of corrosion protection coating for X80 pipeline steel is of great significance. The sol-gel method was used to prepare GO-Al2O3 corrosion resistant coating on the surface of X80 pipeline steel in this investigation. The effects of sintering temperature and GO doping amount on the microstructure, phase structure and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and Autolab electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the Al2O3 coating was of uniform quality, low defect and high purity when sintered at 500 ℃ for 40 min with the heating rate of 3 ℃/min. Compared with the substrate without coating, the open circuit potential of the X80 pipeline steel coated with GO-Al2O3 with a GO content of 0.024% increased by 0.274 V and the corrosion current density decreased by about 1 order of magnitude. GO-Al2O3 coating could provide good protection for X80 pipeline steel.
  • Influence of cooling rate of heat treatment and Cr dopingon the phase transformation, magnetic property and
    ALGETHAMI Obaidallah A, LI Getian, ZHANG Qiangqiang, MA Xingqiao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7130-7135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.021
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    In this paper, two sets of Mn50-xCrxNi40In10 (x=0, 1, 2) polycrystalline samples were prepared by arc melting. The phase transformation, magnetic properties and magnetic entropy changes of the samples were studied by changing the cooling rate of heat treatment and the content of Cr. It is shown that the martensitic transformation temperature of the slow-cooled alloy is higher than that of the quenched sample. As the Cr content increases, the magnetization of austenite gradually decreases, while the magnetization of martensite gradually increases. Compared with the quenched sample, the magnetization of the slow-cooled sample for both austenite and martensite states are enhanced. This is mainly attributed to the improvement of the atomic order degree in slow-cooled sample. The cooling rate nearly has no effect on the magnetic entropy change of the Mn49-Cr1Ni40In10 alloy. In addition, when a 3 T magnetic field was applied, a large entropy change was observed in the Mn49Cr1Ni40In10 alloy, which is about 13 J/(kg·K).
  • Effect of polypropylene fiber on mechanical properties anddry shrinkage of recycled concrete
    YAO Yanfang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7136-7140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.022
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    Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC) was prepared by using recycled aggregate and doping polypropylene fiber.The compression performance and static and dynamic modulus of elasticity of PFRC samples were tested by universal compressor. The morphology of the samples was characterized by scanning electron microscope. The influence of silica fume and polypropylene fiber content on the mechanical properties and dry shrinkage of concrete was studied.The results showed that the workability of concrete could be reduced by doping silica powder and polypropylene fiber into concrete,but the compressive strength of concrete could be increased.The SEM analysis showed that the pull-out effect of polypropylene fiber could effectively enhance the fracture toughness of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete.The doping of polypropylene fiber could reduce the dynamic elastic modulus of concrete and improve the static elastic modulus of concrete.The static modulus of elasticity of the concrete with 0.45wt% polypropylene fiber was the highest, and its 91 d static modulus of elasticity was 37.5 GPa.When 10wt% silica fume was used instead of cement, the shrinkage strain of concrete was 9.2% lower than that of pure concrete.Compared with ordinary pure concrete, polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete with fiber content of 0.15wt%,0.30wt% and 0.45wt% had a maximum reduction of 15.1%,18.4% and 18.2%, respectively.The addition of silica fume and polypropylene fiber could effectively reduce the shrinkage of concrete, and the shrinkage strain decreases with the increase of fiber content.
  • Preparation of polypropylene/BNNSs composite films andstudies on their dielectric and energy storage properties
    YU Haisheng, WANG Yao, DENG Yuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7141-7147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.023
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    Polypropylene (PP) films have been widely used in thin film capacitors and electrostatic energy storage devices. However, its further application are limited by low dielectric constant. In this paper, PP/BN nanocomposite films were prepared by doping low content hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) two-dimensional nanosheets with PP as the matrix material to improve the dielectric constant of PP. One of the key factors is to control the two-phase interface to obtain a good dispersion of h-BN in PP and a close combination with the matrix. BNNSs with few-layer were prepared by sonication-assisted hydrolysis and exfoliation method, and then the organic PDA nanolayers were coated by dopamine self-polymerization. The morphology of BNNSs coated with PDA was characterized by TEM, XRD and FT-IR. The diameter of core-shell structure was about 150-200 nm, the minimum thickness was about 3 nm, and the average thickness of organic PDA shell was about 7 nm. PP based composite films with different contents of few-layer BNNSs@PDA were prepared by solution casting method. The dielectric properties and breakdown strength of the films were studied by means of SEM, voltage withstanding test equipment and impedance analyzer. The results showed that when the content of BNNSs@PDA was only 1wt%, the dielectric constant of the composite material increased to 5.62@1 kHz, the loss was only 0.006, and the theoretical energy storage density reached 7.42 J/cm3, which was 4.8 times higher than neat PP film. The above results show that BNNSs@PDA has a good binding force and compatibility with PP. The two-dimensional sheet structure with orientation distribution effectively hinders the expansion of the electrical trees under the external electric field, inhibits the transmission of carriers, and causes the interface polarization, thus effectively improving the dielectric and breakdown properties of the composite film.
  • Preparation and properties of PVA/PA6/TiO2 composite nanofibers
    HU Jinyan, LIU Suo, WU Dingsheng, ZHOU Tang, FENG Quan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7148-7154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.024
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    The PVA/PA6/TiO2 composite nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning. The photocatalytic properties of the composite nanofibers were evaluated by the degradation efficiency of methylene blue and reactive red X-3B. The composite nanofibers were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, TG and XRD. Experimental results showed that after reaction for 120 min, the removal efficiency of methylene blue and reactive red X-3B by the PVA/PA6/TiO2 composite nanofibers, with TiO2 content of 3% of PVA/PA6 mass, were 92.8% and 87.5%, respectively. The stability of the as-prepared composite nanofibers was further explored and the results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of methylene blue and reactive red X-3B could still reach 89.6% and 66.9% after 4 cycles. The photocatalytic experiments showed that the composite nanofibers had excellent photocatalytic performance and reusability.
  • Microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of in situAl18B4O33w/6061 composites
    ZHUANG Weibin, YANG Hairui, WU Bo, LIU Guangzhu, HUANG Liguo, LIU Jingfu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7155-7162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.025
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    In situ Al18B4O33w/6061 composites were prepared by contact reaction method using Al-Al2O3-B2O3 as reaction system. The phase analysis and micro-morphology observation of the composites were carried out by XRD and SEM respectively. The effect of Al18B4O33 whisker on the hardness and wear resistance of the composites was studied by comparing 6061 matrix. The results show that the needle-like Al18B4O33 whiskers could be directly in situ formed in 6061 matrix by the Al-Al2O3-B2O3 reaction system. The diameter of Al18B4O33 whiskers was 0.1-2 μm, and the whiskers formation were associated with Mg element. After T6 heat treatment, the hardness of Al18B4O33w/6061 composite was HB 132.7, which was 27.4% higher than that of 6061 matrix. The mechanism of hardness improvement was dislocation strengthening and fine grain strengthening. The specific wear rate and average friction coefficient of Al18B4O33w/6061 composites were 1.96×10-8 kg/(N·m) and 0.221, respectively, which were 12.11% and 22.46% lower than that of 6061 matrix. Al18B4O33w/6061 composites prepared by in-situ processing had good wettability and interfacial bonding strength between whiskers and matrix, and the strength of whiskers themselves was enough high, which could play a supporting role during wearing, reducing the strain and wear of the matrix, and effectively improving the wear resistance of composites.
  • Preparation and adsorption property of Congo red of FeTiO3
    WANG Xiaohuan, SHI Zhiming, SUN Li, Zhao Tao, LIU Xiaozhuo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7163-7168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.026
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    In this paper, nano-FeTiO3 powders with different Ferro titanate molar ratios were prepared by sintering in a reduction atmosphere. The samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, Zeta potentiometer and VSM. The adsorption of Congo red with different Ferro titanate molar ratios was studied. According to the study, when FeTiO3 molar ratio was 1∶1 in the reduction atmosphere, the sample was pure FeTiO3 phase. When FeTiO3 ion ratio was 0.25∶1 and 0.5∶1, the sample phase was composed of FeTiO3 and titanium oxide. When FeTiO3 ratio was increased to 2∶1, a small amount of Fe3O4 and Fe3C were also found in the sample. In the sample, Fe coexisted in Fe2+ and Fe3+ forms, while titanium coexisted in Ti3+ and Ti4+ forms with oxygen vacancy. The dye adsorption performance study showed that the samples with a molar ratio of 0.5∶1 had the best adsorption performance due to the large specific surface area and Zeta potential value, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 128.7 mg/g. The adsorption process conformed to pseudo-second-order model. At the same time, the magnetic test shows that the sample had certain magnetism, so the dye could be recovered and reused by external magnetic field after adsorption.
  • Degradation of methyl orange by sodium persulfateactivated by ZVI/Cu bimetal and its influencing factors
    LIU Yulong, MA Guofeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7169-7176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.027
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    To study the degradation capacity of ZVI/Cu (iron/copper) bimetallic system, ZVI/Cu bimetallic particles with different theoretical Cu mass loads (0.05, 0.11, 0.24, 0.41 and 1.26 g Cu/g ZVI) were prepared. The ZVI/Cu bimetallic particles were used to activate the sulfate radical (SO-4·) generated by sodium persulfate (PDS) as oxidant to degrade the azo dye methyl orange (MO). The effects of different factors on degradation efficiency of target products were studied, including Cu mass loading, ZVI/Cu bimetallic particle addition, sodium persulfate concentration, pH value and temperature. The experimental results show that ZVI/Cu bimetal had better catalytic degradation ability than Cu and ZVI alone. Therefore, it could be concluded that depositing a layer of transition metal Cu on zero-valent iron could effectively improve the activation ability, so as to improve the degradation ability. Under the conditions of initial MO concentration of 50 mg/L, PDS addition of 5.0 mmol/L, ZVI/Cu addition of 0.15 g/L, initial pH value of 4.0, and temperature of 30 ℃, the MO degradation rate of the reaction for 60 min reached 86.4%.
    • Process & Technology
  • Fabrication of functional cellulose nanocrystals/keratin composites and
    SONG Kaili, ZHU Xiaoji, ZHU Weiming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7177-7183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.028
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    In this research, surface modification of CNC was carried out to improve the interfacial bonding between CNC and keratin. The aldehyde group was introduced into CNC by sodium periodate oxidation method. Aldehyde group was introduced into CNC to react with amino group on keratin, thus establishing crosslinking bonds between CNC and keratin. The enhanced interfacial interaction between filler and matrix resulted from chemical bonding between DCNC and keratin molecules also played an important role in improving the performance of the nanocomposites, which led to a more effective stress transfer at the interface. The drug release profiles of the obtained DCNC/keratin composites were also investigated. It was found that the pure keratin film showed a burst release of the loaded drug, which was not suitable for use as drug carrier. However, DCNC/keratin composites showed a sustained release of drug, which could be an ideal drug carrier to be used as wound healing patch.
  • Synthesis and properties of bipolar phosphorescent hostmaterials with 1,2,4-oxadiazole receptor
    HUANG Feixiang, ZHANG Di, YAO Shengmei, LIN Chaoyang, WEI Huaixin, ZHAO Xin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7184-7189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.029
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    Two bipolar phosphorescent host materials, 3,5-bis (3-(9H-phenol-thiazine-9-yl) phenyl) -1,2,4-oxadiazole (MMOXD) and 3,5-bis (4-(9H-phenolthiazine-9-yl ) phenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (PPOXD), which possessed 1,2,4-oxadiazole receptor as the core and the donor-acceptor (D-A) structure were designed and synthesized. Their spectral properties, electrochemical properties and thermal properties were studied systematically on the basis of structural characterization. The results show that the emission peaks of MMOXD and PPOXD were located at 388, 465 nm and 377, 448 nm, respectively. By measuring their low-temperature phosphorescence spectra, the triplet energy levels of MMOXD and PPOXD were 2.93 and 2.46 eV, respectively. MMOXD could match the dark blue and blue phosphorescent guest material such as FCNIrpic (2.74 eV) and FIrpic (2.65 eV), which could be used as the dark blue and blue phosphorescent host material. PPOXD could match the green phosphorescent guest material Ir(ppy)3 (2.40 eV) and be used as the green phosphorescent host material. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry spectra of MMOXD and PPOXD were measured. Their highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels were -5.88 and -5.25 eV, respectively, which were close to the work function of the anode ITO (-4.5--5.0 eV). Their lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels were -2.29 and -2.32 eV, respectively, which were close to the work function of the electron transport materials TPBi (-2.70 eV). At the same time, their orbital electron clouds were separated clearly, indicating good bipolar properties. The results of TGA and DSC tests reflect that their thermal decomposition temperatures at a mass loss of 5% were 394 and 275 ℃, respectively. Besides, their glass transition temperatures were 181 and 170 ℃, respectively. The high thermal decomposition temperatures and glass transition temperatures of them indicate that these materials had excellent thermal stability and film-forming performance. All in all, PPOXD had the great potential to be used as a bipolar green phosphorescent host material, while MMOXD had the huge potential to be used as a bipolar dark blue or blue phosphorescent host material.
  • Preparation of aminosilanized magnetic nanoparticles andimmobilization of cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase
    GUO Jiaomei, HAO Jianhua, LI Xiaohan, WANG Wei, SUN Jingjing, SONG Kai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7190-7195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.030
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    In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method, and amino silanized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2) were obtained through adding tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silicon source and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) as the silane coupling agent into Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The morphology and structure of magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).The results show that the amino silanized magnetic nanoparticles had good superparamagnetism, high crystallinity, and good stability with the particle size of about 22 nm. It shows that immobilized enzyme were significantly better than free enzyme in thermal stability, resistance to acid and alkali and storage stability, when using the magnetic material to immobilize marine cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (CGTase).
  • Preparation of biomimetic nacre-like composite based on bioactivemodification wheat-straw-fibers
    YANG Yushan, SHEN Huaji, QIU Jian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7196-7201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.031
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    In order to further study cellulose-based structure-functional integrated composites, a simple, fast and pollution-free, low-cost method was sought to prepare bio-based lignocellulosic composites with excellent properties. Wheat-straw-fibers and shell particles could be effectively compounded by mechanical film method. Biomimetic nacre-like composite was obtained by hot-spot. The morphology, structure, chemical components and element variation of the biomimetic nacre-like composite were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FT-IR and XXPS. The results showed that the wheat-straw-fibers were laminated through the grinding and the biomimetic nacre-like composite appeared layered-structure by hot-pressing method under binderless. The MOR, MOE and IB were 29.58 MPa, 5967 MPa, 0.888 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, its swelling value of water absorption thickness was 0.361%, showing the dimensional stability. The MOR, MOE, IB and TS of the biomimetic nacre-like composites were superior to other materials, mainly due to the delamination and branching produced by the rubber grinding process, which made the straw cellulose more ester. The bond and hydrogen bond increased the specific surface area, and more hydroxyl groups were exposed, which increased the cross-linking between the fibers, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the mussel-like composite.
  • Preparation and characterization of photo-crosslinkablepolyetherketoneketone containing anthracene group on a side chain
    TIAN Yanxin, ZHANG Hui, LI Jia, LIU Pan, HE Yulin, LI Ming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7202-7207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.032
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    Poly(aryl ether ketone) is a special material that have high heat stability, excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. Unfortunately, the commercial poly(aryl ether ketone) thermoplastic was hardly processed due to its high glass transition temperature and insolubility. It is a very existing challenge for the poly(aryl ether ketone)'s applications that were limited for their disadvantage. Therefore, the key step to prepare the poly (aryl ether ketone) with easy processability and excellent properties. In this paper, a series of photo-crosslinking poly(aryl ether ketone) with different anthracene ratios were prepared. The photo-crosslinking process was based on [4+4]-cycloaddition of the anthracene middle rings initiated by 365 nm UV light without photo-initiator. This process was very quick and convenient. The prepared poly(aryl ether ketone) was lower molecular weight polymers, which had lower glass transition temperatures and good solubility. So, polymer would become easily processed. The photo-crosslinking reaction was initiated by UV light to form the network polymer after machine shaping. From DSC and TGA data analysis, compared with uncross-linking polymer, the poly(aryl ether ketone) exhibited good thermal stability after crosslinking. The glass transition temperature and thermal decompose temperature were obviously increased.
  • Influence of magnetic field intensities on properties of Ni-ZrO2 compositecoatings prepared by electrodeposition on copper substrate
    ZHOU Shaoan, JIA Weiping, CHEN Weirong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7208-7213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.033
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    Ni-ZrO2 composite coatings were produced by magnetic field-ultrasonic compound fields-assisted electrodeposition on copper substrate. The effect of magnetic field intensities on the properties on the microstructure, ZrO2 content, microhardness, coefficient of friction, electrochemical polarization curve and impedance curve were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness tester, friction and wear test machine and electrochemical workstation, respectively. Results showed that ZrO2 content and microhardness increased firstly and decreased with the increasing of the magnetic field intensities, while the change was opposite on the wear amount and grain size. When the magnetic intensity was 0.4 T, ZrO2 content reached the maximum of 3.96 wt%, the grain size reached the minimum of 17.47 nm, and the microhardness reached the highest value of 420HV. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect promoted the content of ZrO2 nanoparticles in the composite coatings, refined the grain size and improved the microhardness of Ni-ZrO2 composite coating. Ni-ZrO2 composite coating displayed the superior wear resistance due to the lowest wear loss and friction coefficient in the wear test, where as the best corrosion resistance according to the analyze data of the electrochemical polarization curve and impedance curve.
  • Study on the preparation and injectability of superfine slagpowder slurry
    HAN Hongxing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7214-7217. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.034
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    HN enhancer and SF gelling agent were used to activate the activity of superfine slag powder. The orthogonal test was carried out with different water cement ratio, doping amount of HN enhancer and SF gelling agent as the main factors. The viscosity, setting time and compressive strength (7 d and 14 d) of Superfine slag powder slurry were measured. The optimal ratio of slurry is obtained by additional test, and the grouting test is carried out for the slurry. The results show that as the water cement ratio is 1.2, the content of HN enhancer is 4% and the content of SF gelling agent is 6%, the viscosity of the slurry is 47.03, and the compressive strength (7 d) is 5.208 kPa. It has good viscosity and compressive strength of slurry and is easy to be injected into fine sand layer.
  • Effect of silica layer multicoated on the acid resistance and thermalstability of bismuth-based yellow pigments
    WANG Zhumei, LI Yueming, WAN Detian, ZUO Jianlin, SHEN Zongyang, LI Kai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(7): 7218-7224. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.07.035
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    In this study, silica layer multi-coated bismuth-based yellow pigments were successfully prepared by the hydrolysis method using the composition Bi0.82V0.45Mo0.55O4 and Na0.5Bi0.5(MoO4) prepared by the precipitation method. The as-obtained pigments were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the silica multi-coated did not change the brightness value (L*) of the pigments, however, the red/green value (a*) and the yellow/blue value (b*) decreased slightly. The pigments appeared still bright greenish-yellow and the chromaticity L*, a*, and b* were 79.26, -7.66, and 60.23, respectively, when thrice-coated. Besides, multi-coating could reduce the porosity of coating layers and improve acid resistance further. Compared with the uncoated pigments, the acid weight loss of thrice-coated pigments after half hour immersion in 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid declined from 100% to 9.15%. When the uncoated pigments were calcined higher than 900 ℃, part of the phase changed to Bi4V2O11, while the pigment which was once-coated with silica calcined at 1 200 ℃, the phase maintained the original phase. At the same time, the presence of a dense coating with silica reduced the volatilization of Bi. Moreover, the porosity and the amount of Bi volatilization were gradually reduced, and the thermal stability was improved as the number of coated-layers increased. The thermal stability of the thrice-coated pigments was increased from 600 ℃ to 1200 ℃ with respect to the uncoated pigments.
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