30 July 2017, Volume 48 Issue 7
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Fabrication, characterization and biocompatibility evaluation of graphene/silk fibroin composite films
    LIANG Yanbing, LI Linhao, WANG Lizhen, XU Peng, GAO Yuanming, FAN Yubo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7001-7005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.001
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    Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared from natural flake graphite by chemical oxidation method. GO aqueous suspension was blended with different weight ratio 1%, 5%, 10% degumming silk fibroin (SF) solution to fabricate GO/SF composite films via vacuum filtering. Then the GO/SF films were covalent cross-linked by EDC/NHS and chemically reduced by hydroiodic acid. Finally, the “brick and mud” layered structure composite films with excellent mechanical properties were obtained. Properties of rGO/SF such as contact angel, mechanical properties, morphology, structure and in vivo biocompatibility were systematic characterization. The results revealed that hydrophilicity, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of composite films were improved with the increase of SF content and chemical crosslinking effect. The results of this study demonstrate that this composite film has potential applicationas biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
  • Preparation and anti-corrosion performances of chemical self-healing system for steel in concrete
    LIU Yuqing, DING Weijian, DONG Peng, HAN Shiwen, LI Hongfa, CHEN Shishi, HONG Shuxian, DONG Biqin, XING Feng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7006-7011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.002
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    In this paper, a chemical self-healing system, including the sodium nitrite (NaNO2)/ethyl cellulose (EC) microcapsule system and the sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)/ethyl cellulose (EC) microcapsule system, is designed and studied. First of all, microcapsules were fabricated via the extrusion spheronisation and spray drying method. Sodium nitrite/sodium monofluorophosphate is adopted as healing agent and ethyl cellulose (EC) serves as wall material. The average particle size of NaNO2/EC microcapsules is 270 μm, while MFP/EC microcapsule is 410 μm. Two kinds of capsules were respectively mixed into the mortar samples by 5% of the cement mass, and the corrosion acceleration process was carried out by using the wet-dry cycle test at 50 ℃. X-ray μCT (X-ray micro-tomography) testing technology and linear sweep voltammetry method were introduced to test the microcapsule inhibition efficiency. Pitting corrosion of the control sample took place after 72 h of wet-dry cycles, while the sample containing sodium nitrite microcapsules is smooth after 576 h. The sample with sodium monofluorophosphate microcapsules began to rust after 432 h. The results show that the chemical self-healing system has a very significant anti-corrosion performance.
  • Preparation and characterization of PVDF hybrid hydrophobic membrane doped fluoroalkyl-activated carbon
    SUN Xuechao, WU Chunrui, LIU Sihua, WANG Zhongyang, MA Zhong, WANG Xuan, LU Xiaolong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7012-7016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.003
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    The poor dispersion of the pristine activated carbon (AC) in membrane matrix impedes their performance in membrane distillation. In this work, the AC particles were functionalized by fluoroalkyl groups via the reaction between carboxylic activated carbons and dodecafluoroheptanol (DFH). High-flux hydrophobic membrane was prepared by simply blending poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and functionalized AC-DFH particles via a conventional phase inversion method. The effect of modified AC on the compatibility of PVDF, hydrophobicity and distillation of membrane was investigated. The dispersion of inorganic particles in membrane matrix was improved obviously by fluoroalkyl groups. Furthermore, compared with the membrane with pristine AC particles, the PVDF/AC-DFH membrane exhibited satisfying hydrophobicity with contact angle of 128.2°. Membrane distillation flux of the membrane reached 41.4 kg/(m2·h) with doped carbon content of 0.15wt%. In comparison with PVDF/AC membrane, the flux of PVDF/AC-DFH membrane was improved 38.9%.
  • Preparation and characterization ofcerium/ferrum/fly ash composite adsorbent
    LI Beigang, DING Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7017-7022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.004
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    A novel cerium/ferrum/fly ash (Ce/Fe/FA) composite adsorbent was prepared by HCl treatment and precipitation-calcination method using FA as raw material, and characterized with XRD,SEM,EDS, FT-IR and N2 gas adsorption-desorption technique. The effects of preparing conditions and process parameters on the adsorption properties of Ce/Fe/FA for direct pink 12B (DP 12B) and direct blue 2B (DB 2B) dyes were investigated in detail. The results show that FA is modified by 4mol/L HCl at 80 ℃ for 60 min before adding the mixed solution of FeCl3·6H2O and Ce(SO4)2·4H2O[m(FA):m(FeCl3·6H2O):m(Ce(SO4)2·4H2O)=160:4:1], and then adjusted to pH=10. The Ce/Fe/FA composite adsorbent was prepared by standing the mixed solution at 40 ℃ for 2 h, drying and roasting at 300 ℃ for 1 h, and the obtained Ce/Fe/FA composite exhibits excellent adsorption performance for DP 12B and DB 2B with adsorption capacities of 165.54 and 160.87 mg/g, which are 6.26 and 7.81 times larger than those of FA. The characterization shows that the ferric oxide and cerium oxide are successfully loaded on the FA surface, and the surface morphology of Ce/Fe/FA has changed obviously compared with FA. Its specific surface area is 7.29 times larger than that of FA, and the adsorption capacity is significantly enhanced, which could be used for the effective purification of high-concentration direct dye wastewater.
  • The research and preparation of the bionic super hydrophobic PVDF membrane
    YANG Wenfang, ZHANG Zhongda, ZHANG Jianfei, ZHAO Xiaoming, LI Qingmeng, LINAG Qingzhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7023-7027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.005
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    Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as architectural membrane surface material cannot meet the requirement for antifouling and self-cleaning property. The paper prepared PVDF membrane with rough surface by the template method on the basis of the principle of “lotus effect”, afterwards, PVDF membrane was modified by low temperature plasma at CF4 atmosphere to achieve low surface energy. The results showed that the roughness of membrane affected its hydrophobic property. The hydrophobic property was significantly improved by plasma modification. The static contact angle was 166.1°, rolling angle 1.4°, SEM and AFM illustrated that there existed micro-nano hierarchical structure similar to lotus leaf on the surface of membrane. The optimal conditions of plasma modification were as follows: processing time 5 min, pressure 60 Pa, power 200 W.
    • Review & Advance
  • Corrosion resistance of amorphous alloy as bipolar plates in PEMFC environment
    LIANG Dan, WEI Xianshun, SHEN Jun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7028-7034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.006
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    Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is a new clean and efficient energy source. One of the key components of PEMFC is bipolar plate, which occupies the main cost and volume of fuel cell. Among various bipolar plates, metallic bipolar plates are the promising candidates compare to traditional graphite bipolar plates due to their excellent electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength. However, the main disadvantage of metals is the corrosion problem in the harsh acidic and high temperature environment inside the fuel cell. Amorphous alloys are potential materials using as bipolar plates due to their low cost and high corrosion resistance. This paper reviews the publications in the literature on the corrosion behavior of amorphous alloys as bipolar plates in PEMFC environment.
  • Review on synthesis of porous biomass carbon and its application
    WANG Xiaodan, MA Hongfang, LIU Zhibao, CHEN Zhanghao, LIU Xinxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7035-7040. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.007
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    Porous biomass carbon is a new functional material derived from saccharides and carbon-rich organic wastes with advantages of large specific area, high porosity, excellent stability and environmental friendliness. One-step carbonization, hydrothermal carbonization and activation method are three common routes to prepare it. In recent years, porous biomass carbon has been utilized in fields of soil improvement, adsorbent and electrode materials, which has attracted great attention of researchers. In this work, carbon sources, synthesis methods as well as applications are introduced. And the research interest of the materials is also discussed.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation and properties of PET/MWNT/CB nanocomposites
    JIANG Yuan, DING Changkun, ZHANG Han, CHENG Bowen, TIAN Libin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7041-7044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.008
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    Poly(ethyleneterephthalate)/multi-walled carbon nanotube/carbon black (PET/MWNT/CB) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization method. The effects of MWNT and CB on the conductivity, crystallization properties and thermal stability were studied. Furthermore, their cooperative conductive effects in PET were investigated as well. The results showed that the surface resistanceof PET/MWNT/CB nanocomposites was 1011Ω when the contents of MWNT and CB were 0.5wt% of PET. MWNT and CB can form cosupporting conductive networks and composite conductive paths in PET. As a result, a cooperative conductive effect can be obtained. Also, they possess inductive effects of nucleation and crystallization on PET. However, the inductive ability of CB was worse than that of MWNT. The addition of CB has little effect on the thermal stability of PET/MWNT/CB nanocomposites.
  • Hydrothermal synthesis of bulk pollucite through (K, Cs)-geopolymer
    LI Jun, HOU Li, LU Zhongyuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7045-7049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.009
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    (K,Cs)-geopolymer precursors have been synthesized by using metakaolin (MK) and potassium cesium silicate solutions as raw materials without any zeolites and surfactants. And the bulk pollucite mateials were obtained by the hydrothermal crystallization of (K,Cs)-geopolymer precursors under hydrothermal conditions of 180 ℃ and 0.8 MPa for 8 h. Results show the amorphous nature of (K,Cs)-geopolymer precursors. And the crystals with pollucite structure in the samples with higher content of Cs indicates the in-situ transformation of (K,Cs)-geopolymer gels under hydrothermal conditions. The in-situ formed pollucite particles could be bonded by non-transformed geopolymer gels to construct the bulk pollucite with high compressive strength.
  • Structure characteristics and microstructure evolution of the second phase particles of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy
    ZHOU Dianwu, LIU Jinshui, MAO Jianzhong, SONG Jianli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7050-7056. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.010
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    Structure characteristics of the second phase particles of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy is studied by using first principles calculations combined with field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction. Microstructure evolution of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy under the different temperature treatment is analyzed by using the horizontal metallographic microscopy combined with Zr-Nb binary alloy phase diagram. The results show that microstructure of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy has good stability when the temperature is 350 ℃, while the particles of α-Zr+β-Nb+Zr-Nb-F, α-Zr+β-Zr+Zr-Nb-Fe, α-Zr+β-Zr and β-Zr can be seen at 590,650,800 and 900 ℃, respectively. The second phase particles of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy are oval or circular, which is uniformly distributed in the grain and grain boundaries with the average size of 80.7 nm. Second phase with smaller size is β-Nb with cubic structure and that with larger size is Zr(Nb, Fe)2with ZrCr2 type six crystal structures, in which Nb atoms tend to occupy the position of Cr (Ⅱ), while Fe atoms tend to occupy the position of Cr (Ⅰ). Zr(Nb, Fe)2 phase under high temperature is not stable and dissolved in the matrix in the range of 650-800 ℃. Structure stability of β-Nb second phase is less than that of β-Zr, but better than that of α-Zr with the temperature increasing. Hence, when the temperature is low, microstructure of the matrix phase of Zr-Sn-Nb alloy is α-Zr. When the temperature increases, Zr(Nb, Fe)2 and β-Nb second phase both disappear and α-Zr matrix phase is gradually replaced by β-Zr.
  • Preparation of cobaltosic oxide modified g-C3N4 and photo-catalytic degradation of methyl orange
    MAO Na
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7057-7061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.011
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    The g-C3N4/Co3O4 composite photo-catalysts were successfully fabricated from six hydrated cobalt nitrate and g-C3N4 via hydrothermal and calcination, The characteristic and performance were represented by IR, XRD,TEM,UV-Vis and electrochemistry.The results showed that, Co3O4 was adhere to g-C3N4 equably, informing heterojunction, EIS indicted that holes and electrons were transferred and separated by heterojunction. Under visible light irradiation, the catalyst degradation performance was the best and the degradation ratio of methyl orange was 90%, conforming to first-order kinetics equations,the reuse of the catalyst was also studied that the performance almost unchange.
  • Study on the preparation and adsorption of the cesium ion imprinted polymer based on surface imprinting technique
    LI Shengfang, FENG Kai, YANG Lin, SUN Chunyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7062-7068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.012
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    A Cs(Ⅰ) ion-imprinted polymer was prepared using cesium ion as the template, chitosan (CTS) as functional monomer, and modifying the surface of mesoporous silica SBA-15 by amino, glutaraldehyde via surface imprinting. The prepared polymer was characterized through Fourier-transform infrared, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption–desorption. The results showed the synthesized polymer possessed a highly ordered mesoporous structure. The adsorption capacity of the imprinted polymer for cesium ion was tested in batch experiments. The results showed that at pH=5-6, the adsorption equilibrium could be reached in 1 hour and the maximum static adsorption capacities of the imprinted polymer was 36.19mg/g higher than the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) at 25 ℃. The adsorption behavior of Cs(Ⅰ) onto Cs(Ⅰ)-IIP belonged to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir model was well fitted with the data. The selectivity coefficients of the polymer for Cs(Ⅰ)/Li(Ⅰ), Cs(Ⅰ)/Na(I), Cs(Ⅰ)/K(Ⅰ), Cs(Ⅰ)/Rb(Ⅰ), and Cs(Ⅰ)/Sr(Ⅱ) were 1.50, 2.00, 2.22, 1.32, 4.00, respectively. And the adsorption capacity did not significantly decrease after five adsorption–desorption cycle. Therefore, the polymer is stable and reusable.
  • The dispersion of TiO2 conductive powder in water and its electrochemical performance
    QIAN Jianhua, LIU Jiao, SUN Ke, XING Jinjuan, TANG Ke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7069-7072. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.013
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    Nanoscale titanium dioxide (TiO2) conductive powder was coated by hydrophilic polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), sodium alginate (SA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) on the surface. The coated powder was confirmed by fourier infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that three kinds of polymers were coated on the surface of the powder respectively, and did not affect the basal structure of TiO2 conductive powder. The results of the dispersion experiment showed that the dispersion of the coated powder was improved and the effect of CMC was the best. The results of electrochemical research showed that with an increase in the scan rate, the shape of the anodic and cathodic peaks of the coated powder did not change obviously, and the composite electrodes were with high ratio of performance and low internal resistance. The impedance measurements instructed that the capacitance arc radius of TiO2-CMC powder was the smallest in the high frequency region, the slope was the maximum in the low frequency region, and its conductive performance was the most excellent.
  • Preparation and mechanical property of MWCNTs/ carbon fiber epoxy resin composites
    LI Na, LU Pengcheng, WANG Zhiping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7073-7078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.014
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    Multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (B-MWCNTs) were functionalized through surface modification of Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). MWCNTs and B-MWCNTs were dispersed in epoxy resin and sizing agent respectively. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin prepreg which containing carbon nanotubes was successfully produced by filament winding process and then the composite laminates were prepared by autoclave molding process. Results indicate that compared with MWCNTs, B-MWCNTs exhibit better dispersivity in epoxy resin and sizing agent. After the addition of B-MWCNTs, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and the corresponding temperature at 5% mass loss of epoxy resin composites were improved. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber epoxy resin composites enhanced obviously with the addition of B-MWCNTs. When weight percentage content of B-MWCNTs is 0.5%, the compression strength, interlaminar shear strength and compression strength after impact (CAI) of B-MWCNTs/ carbon fiber epoxy resin composite laminates can be increased by 14.3%, 37.1% and 18.1%, respectively.
  • Stability and thermal conductivities of hybrid sphere/tube TiO2 nanofluid
    SHAO Xuefeng, MO Songping, CHEN Ying, JIA Lisi, YIN Tao, CHENG Zhengdong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7079-7083. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.015
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    Hybrid TiO2-H2O nanofluids were prepared by dispersing TiO2 nanospheres (TiNSs) and nanotubes (TiNTs) in deionized water. Influence of TiNSs/TiNTs concentration ratio and total TiO2 concentration on stability and thermal conductivities were investigated. Stability of hybrid nanofluids was evaluated by relative absorbance change, and thermal conductivities were measured by Nanoflash. The results indicated that relative absorbance change of hybrid nanofluids first decreased and then increased with increase in TiNTs concentration, which revealed that stability of hybrid nanofluids first improved and then deteriorated. Relative absorbance change of hybrid nanofluids decreased with increase in total TiO2 concentration, which revealed stability improvement of hybrid nanofluids. Hybrid nanofluids showed smaller decrease in thermal conductivities compared to individual TiNSs nanofluids after a period of time. Stability of hybrid nanofluids was analyzed by depletion interaction and viscosity enhancement.
  • Study on Zn2TiO4 nanocrystalline film electrode with dye N719 and PbS quantum dots composite sensitization
    HE Zuming, XIA Yongmei, TANG Bin, JIANG Xingfang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7084-7087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.016
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    In order to effectively use solar energy and improve the efficiency of the nanocrystalline thin film solar cells, compound sensitized thin film solar cells was designed to suit the emission spectrum of the sun and the absorption spectrum of nanometer film. The Zn2TiO4 nanocrystalline film was prepared on the FTO glass by sol-gel method. The structures and morphologies of Zn2TiO4 nanocrystalline film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different Zn2TiO4 nanocrystalline film electrode were prepared by dye N719 and Q-PbS sensitized, then used to test the UV-Vis absorption spectrum. The solar cells were assembled with selected film electrode with good sensitization effect, and their photoelectric performance was tested. The result shows that the Zn2TiO4 nanocrystalline film is spherical porous and spinel structure with the average grain size of about 80 nm. The light response range extends to the visible area and shows red shift. The compound sensitized electrode has strong absorption in the visible area of the film electrodes sensitized by dye N719 and Q-PbS. Multifarious dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were prepared. The property of the composite sensitized Zn2TiO4+Q-PbS (2 min)+N719 film electrode was best under the test of simulation solar light, with the open circuit voltage, current density, fill factor and conversion rate of 0.65 V, 3.3 mA/cm2, 77% and 1.61%, respectively.
  • The effect of pH values on the properties of ceria-zirconia oxygen storage material synthesized by coprecipitation-reflux method
    ZHENG Yong, CAI Guohui, ZHENG Ying, XIAO Yihong, JIANG Lilong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7088-7092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.017
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    A series ceria-zirconia solid solution oxygen storage materials were successfully synthesized by coprecipitation-reflux method. The reflux treatment of freshly precipitated cerium-zirconium hydroxides was carried out in a teflon flask. Effect of the pH of the precipitated solution on the synthesis of ceria-zirconia solid solution oxygen storage materials was studied. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physical adsorption and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction. The results show that by controlling the pH of the precipitated solution at about 11, the obtained sample exhibited the best properties. After calcination at 600 ℃ for 5 h, it not only has a high surface area approaching to 91.1 m2/g, a narrow pore radius size distribution centered on around 3.9 nm, and a pore volume of 0.22 m3/g, but also has the lowest reducible temperature with the total oxygen storage capacity up to 309 μmol/g. Furthermore, after calcination at 1 100 ℃ for 5 h, the samples still have a single phase, which indicates its high thermal stability.
  • Researches of PZT5 in domain switching under impact loading
    QIAN Lin, ZHANG Feng, XU Xianyang, CHEN Jiangying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7093-7097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.018
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    Used SHPB measurement device, the domain switching of the piezoelectric ceramic was researched and analyzed under impact loading combining with the resonant frequency, electric hysteresis loop and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that after impacted the stress-strain curve of PZT5 was similar with the stress-electric displacement curve. Compared before impact to after, the difference in resonant frequency and coercive electric field of PZT5 increased with increasing strain rate. The percentage of 90°domain switching in PZT5 piezoelectric ceramic increased with increasing strain rate and stress. When stress reached to 180 MPa, domain switching obviously aggravated.
  • Heating rate of self-formed CoFe2O4 magnetic fluids
    LI Qiang, TAN Xinyi, YANG Yongming, YUAN Zuobin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7098-7103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.019
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    In this paper, self-formed CoFe2O4magnetic fluids are prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The characterization and the basement physical properties parameters of magnetic fluids are obtained. The relaxation characterizations of self-formed CoFe2O4magnetic fluids are analyzed by magneto-thermal power dissipation theory. The relationships between heating rate and radius of self-formed CoFe2O4 magnetic fluids, and heating rate and frequency under different magnetic field are obtained. It shows that the number of heating rate of the most probable size approximated monodisperse system are bigger than average heating rate of polydisperse system at the same volume fraction. The tetradecane-based and self-formed magnetic fluids have basically the same heating rate at volume fraction ϕ=0.071.
  • Study on the factorsinfluencing the utility ratio of activecathode material in thermal battery
    WANG Chao, CUI Yanhua, LI Li, MENG Fanming, LIU Xiaojiang, CUI Yixiu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7104-7108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.020
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    The single-cell discharge experiments were applied to investigate the effect of discharge temperature, particle diameter of FeS2 and electrolyte concentration in cathode on the utility ratio of active cathode material in LiSi/FeS2 thermal battery. The relative mechanisms were explained in aspects of polarization and microcosmic appearance by pulse discharge experiments and test of field emission scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the utility ratio of FeS2 increases with the diminishing FeS2 particle size(less than 250 μm) and the rising electrolyte concentration(10%-30%) in the condition of 450 ℃.In the condition of 550 ℃, the utility ratio of FeS2 increases with the higher electrolyte concentration when theparticle size of FeS2 is in the range of 120-250 μm, but, when the FeS2 particle size is 75-120 μm and less than 75 μm, the utility ratio of FeS2 first increases, and then decreases, with the increasing electrolyte concentration.
  • Porous nickel coating with both high infrared radiation rate and high conductivity
    XU Wenbin, GUO Jiacheng, ZHANG Zhicheng, ZHU Rongyu, WANG Zhengbo, XI Haomin, LI Jian, GUO Xingwu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7109-7114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.021
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    Porous nickel coating with both high conductivity and high infrared radiation was prepared by the hydrogen bubble template method, which can meet the needs of heat radiation and electromagnetic shielding in space. The effects of different deposition time, concentration of ammonium chloride and nickel chloride on the pore size and infrared emissivity of porous nickel layer were studied. The results show that with the increase of the ratio of hole projection area, the infrared emissivity of porous nickel layer increased. By optimizing the process parameters, the porous nickel film with infrared emissivity of 0.79 was prepared without affecting the conductive properties of Ni coatings.
  • The effect of aluminium source on the structure of mesoporous alumina and the performance of removing As(Ⅴ)
    HAN Caiyun, YANG Liu, LIU Hang, LUO Yongming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7115-7119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.022
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    Based on the previous result that meso-structure was in favor of uptakeadsorbate, nonionic surfactant Pluronic P123 was used as template to synthesizemesoporous alumina and the obtained samples were used as As(Ⅴ) adsorbents in this study. Aluminium tri-isopropoxide, aluminium nitrate, the mixture of aluminium nitrate and sodium meta-aluminate was employed as aluminium source, and the synthesized samples were marked as MA-I, MA-N and MA-S, respectively. From the characterization, the obtained three samples were all γ-Al2O3 phase with meso-structure. The BET surface area of these samples were in the order of MA-N (173 m2/g)＜MA-S (252 m2/g)＜MA-I (312 m2/g). The amount of mesoporous in the samples was in the order of MA-Ⅰ＞MA-N＞MA-S, which was consistent with their performance of uptake As(Ⅴ) from solution. The maximumtheoretical adsorption capacity of MA-I, MA-N and MA-S is 36.42, 24.92 and 10.50 mg/g, respectively. Therefore, it can be deemed that the quantity of mesoporous of adsorbent was the key factor to influence the As(Ⅴ) uptake performance.
  • Modeling of giant magnetostrictive material load for wireless power system under multi-field coupling
    CHEN Xuling, GONG Xinglei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7120-7123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.023
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    Several issues on electrical-magnetic-mechanical multi-field coupling can be found in magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR WPT) system with giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) load, which increases the complexity and difficulty of system modeling. MCR WPT system with GMM load is analyzed, and the equivalent circuit of MCR WPT system is established. The receiving terminal of MCR WPT, that is GMM with coil, is analyzed by multi-field theory. The result indicates that the impedance characteristic of GMM with coil presents inductive composed by the electrical part and the mechanical part. Based on impendence model of GMM, the receiving terminal of MCR WPT is simulated and experimented. It can be found that the experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical analysis. The research results show the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed modeling method.
  • Resistivity change of high ductility cement-based composites containing graphene under direct tension
    ZHANG Huan, SUN Mingqing, WEI Yunpang, WANG Yingjun, DING Zhisheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7124-7129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.024
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    The tensile mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and tensile strain self-sensing properties of strain hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) containing graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) or graphene oxide (GO) were investigated in this paper. Results show that when the content of GnPs was less than 0.8%, tensile strength of GnPs-SHCC was higher than that of conventional SHCC, but GnPs showed little influence on ductility. Electrical conductivity of GnPs-SHCC increased with the increasing contents of GnPs, but the gauge factor decreased. Although GO with small contents of 0-0.05% was used, tensile strength and ductility of GO-SHCC both decreased obviously, while the gauge factor of that increased by 8-9 times.
  • Study on the size effect of ZrCuNiAlEr bulk metallic glass
    LI Chunyan, YIN Jinfeng, WANG Zheng, KOU Shengzhong, ZHAO Yanchun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7130-7135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.025
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    Ladder (Zr63.36/100Cu14.25/100Ni10.12/100Al12/100)100-xErx(x=0.5,1,1.5,2,2.5,3) rods with diameters of 2, 4 and 6 mm were prepared by copper mold casting method. The effects of size on mechanical properties of Zr-based BMGs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that when x=2 and 2.5, the specimens of 2 mm in diameter experienced a large compressive plastic deformation, which reached 24.59% and 24.93%, respectively, but the alloy specimen of 4 and 6 mm in diameter remained substantially unchanged in compressive plastic deformation. It can be concluded that the compressive plasticity of this amorphous alloy decreases as its size increases. In other words, the plasticity of amorphous alloy has size effect. Its elastic modulus, yield strength and fracture strength also decreases as its size increases, indicating that with the increase of the size of this amorphous alloy, its mechanical performance gradually decreases.
  • Effect of Al co-doping on the modification of the magnetic and electrical properties of Mn-doped ZnO nanorods
    WU Zhaofeng, JIN Chenggang, WU Xuemei, ZHUGE Lanjian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7136-7139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.026
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    The magnetic and electrical properties of Mn-doped ZnO and (Al, Mn) co-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized by the magnetron sputtering method were investigated in this paper. Structural analysis demonstrated that the doped Al and Mn atoms occupied Zn sites and did not change the wurtzite structure of the ZnO nanorods. Magnetic measurements indicated that (Al, Mn) co-doped ZnO nanorods clearly showed room-temperature ferromagnetism with saturation magnetizations of about 0.033 μB/Mn atom. Compared with Mn-doped ZnO nanorods, the electrical resistivity of (Al, Mn) co-doped ZnO nanorods decreased over four orders of magnitude. These results suggested that (Al, Mn) co-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor nanorods may be applied as an efficient source of polarized spins for injection into devices because of their low resistance and high carrier concentration.
  • Synthesis and properties of Eu(TTA)3(TPPO)2/PANI/PVP luminescence and electrical conduction bifunctional composite nanofibers
    SHI Qisong, XIE Yingluan, DAI Ye, MU Rui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7140-7144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.027
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    Eu complexes were synthesized by linking TTA and TPPO as ligand up to Eu3+ as functional light-emitting group. Then, ultrafine composite fibers Eu(TTA)3(TPPO)2/PANI/PVP, in which Eu complex and PANI act as model luminescence and conducting materials respectively and PVP acts as a supporting material, were successfully prepared via electro-spinning as luminescence and electrical conduction materials. The properties of the novel luminescence conducting fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), broadband dielectric spectrometer, fluorospectrophotometer (FL). The composite nanofibers have good conducting properties and excellent luminescent property.
  • Preparation of transparent self-healing polyurethane film
    WU Wei, TANG Zhou, GENG Qiao, LIU Jianghui, ZHANG Xiaoyun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7145-7148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.028
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    A novel thermo-induced self-healing polyurethane film material was developed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-600) and tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) were employed to construct the polymer main chain, and 2-furanmethanamine (FMA) and N,N’-(4,4’-methylenediphenyl) dimaleimide (BMI) were used to introduce the Diels-Alder (DA) bonds into the polymer as pedant groups. The film showed satisfactory transparency at 550 nm (transmittance 82.0% with 0.47 mm thickness). Crack on the film surface can be completely healed in 5 min at 120 ℃. And 84.7% of its original mechanical strength can be recovered.
  • Construction of 2D/1D composite C3N4/CdS photocatalysts and study on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance
    WANG Hao, ZHAO Yimeng, WANG Yuxiong, CHEN Fangyan, CUI Yanjuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7149-7153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.029
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    CdS nanowires were composited onto the surface of C3N4 nanosheets by an ultrasonic-deposition method and a series of 2D/1D composite C3N4/CdS photocatalysts were prepared. The crystal structure, microtopography and optical properties of the composites were characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (DRS) and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL), respectively. Photocatalytic H2 evolution from splitting of water was carried out to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. The effects of synthetic methods and CdS contents on photocatalytic activity of C3N4/CdS were investigated. Meanwhile, the influence factors and mechanism of photocatalytic performance were discussed. The results showed that effective inorganic/organic heterojunctions were constructed between C3N4 and CdS, therefore, the photocatalytic activity was much enhanced. When the mass ratio of CdS to C3N4 was 0.1, the composite performed the preferable photocatalytic activity.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effects of defect-control on photoelectric response and recovery properties of ZnO nanorod arrays
    PENG Huiqiong, XIE Changsheng, ZHU Qiang, ZHANG Chunlei, JIA Zhen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7154-7158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.030
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    In this paper, the intrinsic defects in ZnO nanorod array films are adjusted through the annealing treatment. The annealing treatments are conducted both in air and nitrogen at different temperatures. When annealed in oxygen, the concentration of oxygen vacancy and zinc vacancy increased with the increasing annealing temperature. When annealed in nitrogen at high temperatures, the concentration of oxygen vacancy increased while the zinc vacancy was vanished due to the low oxygen pressure. The annealed ZnO nanorod arrays behaved more remarkable photoelectric recovery efficiency (improved 40 times maximumly). Nevertheless, the changes of oxygen vacancy concentration brought the decrease of concentration of photogenerated carriers. Thus, the annealed ZnO nanorod arrays behaved degenerate response rate than ZnO nanorod array without annealing treatment.
  • Preparation of nanoporous gold by dealloying the ternary Cu-Au-Ag alloy
    TAN Xiulan, WANG Jian, FENG Ling, NIU Gao, ZENG Yong, LUO Jiangshang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7159-7162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.031
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    The nanoporous gold film was synthesized by free corrosion dealloying Cu-Au-Ag precursor in the dissimilar acid solutions. The Cu, Au and Ag were prepared by magnetron sputter, respectively. The ternary Cu-Au-Ag precursor was an alloy of Cu, Au and Ag alloyed during the anneal process. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray are used to analyze the micro-structure and composition of the sample before and after dealloying. The results indicate that the Au3Ag28.5Cu68.5 alloy precursors formed at the condition of 400 ℃ heat-treatment for 36 h. The nanoporous Au/Ag sample was obtained after the selective corrosion in the FeCl3+ HCl solutions. The increase concentration of HNO3 is useful for preventing the surface cracking forming. The nanoporous gold samples with three-dimensional networks, ligament size of 10-35 nm, porosity of 84% were obtained.
  • Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of AA2195 aluminum alloy under cylinder uniaxial compression
    YANG Qingbo, LI Xu, ZHANG Fei, XIANG Chenxing, ZHANG Zhiqing, LIN Lin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7163-7168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.032
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    The hot deformation tests of AA2195 aluminum alloy was conducted on the thermal simulation equipment Gleeble 3500 by cylinder uniaxial compression in the temperature range of 400-500 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1. The related microstructure was studied by optical microscopy (OM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The results showed that the flow stress significantly decreased with increasing deformaiton temperature but increased with increasing strain rate. When the deformation temperature was greater than 460 ℃, with the increase of strain, the flow stress continued increasing after reaching the stable value which might be due to the increase of the dislocation density within the dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The recrystallization pattern of AA2195 aluminum alloy was continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The increase of deformation temperature suppressed continuous dynamic recrystallization, but it greatly contributed to discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. The increase of strain rate contributed to decreasing the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization which mainly formed at the area generated deformation heating.
  • Fabrication of PDC-SiCN ceramic based wireless passive temperature sensors
    LI Laichao, YU Yuxi, HUANG Qifan, HAN Qingkai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7169-7172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.033
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    In order to solve the problem of temperature detection of aeroengine, a wireless passive temperature sensor with polymer derived ceramic SiCN (PDC-SiCN) as sensor dielectric materials was proposed, and a test system of wireless passive temperature sensor was set up. PDC-SiCN ceramic-based wireless passive temperature sensor is a polymer derived ceramic SiCN (PDC-SiCN) as a sensor dielectric material and metal platinum as a resonant cavity material. The relationship between the resonant frequency of the PDC-SiCN ceramic-based wireless passive temperature sensor and the test temperature is analyzed. The test temperature of the sensor reaches 610 ℃. It is found that the resonant frequency of PDC-SiCN ceramic-based wireless passive temperature sensor is monotonically decreasing with the increase of test temperature. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.4707 MHz/℃ by fitting the resonant frequency and temperature of the sensor. PDC-SiCN ceramic-based wireless passive sensor has a broad application prospects in the harsh environment.
  • Effect of reaction concentration on the formation and thermal properties of silane film on the surface of Al-50Mg alloy powder
    ZHAO Ran, GAO Xinbao, LU Yanling, DU Shiguo, ZHANG Li
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7173-7177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.034
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    In order to avoid the oxidation, different concentration of silane coupling agent were chosen for processing atomized Al-50Mg alloy powder. By means of thermal analysis, SEM, EDS and particle size analysis, the surface of the coated samples were analyzed. Effect of reaction concentration on the formation and thermal properties of silane film on the surface of Al-50Mg alloy powder was studied. Results show that silane coupling agent can be grafted on the surface of the Al-50Mg alloy powder through the covalent bond. The silane film has good oxidation resistance. When concentration of silane coupling agent reached 2%, melting endothermic peak, heat absorption and weighting rate of the Al-50Mg alloy powder could show optimal performance. It has more practical value than the 1% and 4% concentrations of coating.
  • Effects of trimethylaluminium pulse duration and purging time on the performance of Al2O3 film by atomic layer deposition
    LI Chunya, ZHANG Hao, SONG Jiantao, DING Xingwei, WEI Bin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7178-7181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.035
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    In this paper, Al2O3 thin films were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The thickness, surface morphology and transmissivity of the Al2O3 films were investigated by ellipsometer, scanning probe microscope and spectrophotometer. The optimum process conditions of Al2O3 film were obtained by ALD at the low temperature of 85 ℃. The effect of the pulse and purge time on the properties of the deposited Al2O3 films were studied at 85 ℃. Al2O3 films were fabricated using trimethylaluminium (TMA) and water vapour (H2O) as the chemical precursors with a depositon rate of 0.1 nm/cycle and 1.89% uniformity. The root-mean-square surface roughness of the Al2O3 film was 0.46 nm. The light transmission of the Al2O3 layer was above 99.2%. The water vapor transmission rate values of 200 nm Al2O3 films are as low as 1.55×10-4 g/m2/day at 25 ℃, 65% RH.
  • The study of synthesis and electro-catalysis for composite-nano material of the C-N embedded Pton caron nanotube(Pt @C-N/CNT)
    GUO Kai, ZHANG Rubo, GUO Jianwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7182-7188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.036
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    With the controlled in-situ oxidation route, this study prepared primary sample of Pt-PANI/CNT, whose secondary sample of 20% Pt @C-N/CNT with high electro-activity was obtained after two-step heat-treatment.And then, with the spontaneous compounding route,high Pt loading (42.8%-64.6%) forPt @C-N/CNT secondary samples were prepared, the high electro-activity and stability of which were corroborated in electrode and anode catalyst in fuel cell. Through the “bottom-up” preparation along with the development for functional material, this study found that the controlled molecular assembly is the basis to achieve high Pt loading and high Pt mass utility, and the synthesis towards target reaction is the key to penetrate into the dynamical behaviors for functional materials.
  • Preparation of hollow capsules using dual pore-forming method
    ZHAO Linfei, GAO Guofeng, CHEN Yingbo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7189-7193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.037
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    Polymer macrocapsules have wide applications in medical, chemical, environmental and energy engineering fields. At present, the most preparation methods are only simple physical or chemical process, in which control of the porosity and size of the capsule is difficult. In this paper, hollow capsule with high porosity is prepared using dual pore-forming method (phase inversion and gas foaming). In the process, N, N dimethyl formamide, poly (vinylidene fluoride), sodium borohydride and water are used as solvent, solute, the foaming agent and coagulation bath, respectively. At the same time, this paper also studied the influence of sodium borohydride concentration, temperature and other factors on the structure of the capsule and put forward the phase separation-foaming theory, which provides the theoretical basis for the preparation of different size and porosity of the capsule, and a chance for the further wide use of the capsule.
  • Study on preparing process of high content of zirconium of PLZST antiferroelectric powder by sol-gel method
    LUO Ting, WANG Wushang, LIN Jianguo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7194-7197. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.038
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    By using the lead acetate trihydrate (Pb(CH3COO)2·3H2O), lanthanum acetate (La(CH3COO)3), tin acetate (Sn(CH3COO)4), zirconium acetate (Zr(CH3COO)4) and tetrabutyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti) as the raw materials, the (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.95Sn0.01Ti0.04) (PLZST) antiferroelectric ceramic powders were prepared by an improved sol-gel technology. The decomposability of the dried PLZST gel powders was studied by DSC-TGA differential thermal analysis. The influence of sintering temperature on PLZST ceramic powders was studied by XRD and SEM analysis. The results showed that the sintering temperature of dried PLZST gel powders should be above 550 ℃. When the sintering temperature is 850 ℃, the relatively pure perovskite phase PLZST ceramics were formed and the PLZST ceramic powders were spherical particles with average grain size about 200 nm.
  • Fabrication and characteristics of the 3-dimensional IPMC with gradient structure
    LIU Zhigang, YU Min, HE Qingsong, YANG Xu, WANG Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7198-7204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.039
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    Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) belong to ionic electroactive polymers and have broad application prospect as a new type of electric actuator material due to their advantages such as low driving voltage, large deformation displacement, rapid reaction, light weight, and so on. However, there are still prominent deficiencies in the existing IPMC, such as low blocking force and short air-operation time. This study improves the performance of IPMC by fabricating three dimensional IPMC with structure of gradient in thickness and uses ethylene glycol, instead of water, as solvent in IPMC in order to prolong the air-operating time of IPMC. The results indicate that 3-D IPMC with the structure of a certain gradient in thickness improves the performance both in deformation displacement and blocking force under 3.5 V, 0.1 Hz sinusoidal alternating voltage. Compared to the planar IPMC with the same quality and thickness, the deformation displacement and blocking force of 3-D IPMC are increased by 7.0% and 47.9%, respectively. The air-operation working time is significantly prolonged from 150s to 300s, when using ethylene glycol as the solvent. The improvement of electromechanical output performance and the extension of non-water working time for the IPMC have great significance for the further application development in the driving area.
  • Analysis on microstructure and resistance wear property of SiC/H62 copper alloy the surface modified layer by FSSP
    SONG Weiwei, XU Xiaojing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7205-7208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.040
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    The surface modification layer of SiC/H62 copper alloy are obtained by friction stir processing technology. The microstructure, wear resistance and hardness of the modified layer are analyzed. The results show that the grain of the modified layer is refined. The surface of the modified layer without defect. The modified layer wear form are mainly abrasive wear and furrow wear, but also accompanied by a small amount of adhesive wear. The modified layer hardness is significantly higher than the base metal.
  • The effect of chromate doped on borosilicate glass’s structure
    LI Jiangbo, LI Yang, LI Baojun, ZHANG Hua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7209-7214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.041
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    Since chromium, as one type of the poisonous and dangerous heavy metal, is higher concentrated in the High Level Radioactive Liquid Waste (HLLW) from Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) spent fuel than that from yield reactor spent fuel, in order to minimize the final waste form volume, this paper presented the effect of chromium doped on the waste loading capability and structure stability of borosilicate glass (mole ratio SiO2:B2O3:Na2O:Li2O=1.03:0.32:0.18:0.18). X-ray reflector diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscope analysis results of six borosilicate glass samples show that the borosilicate glass structure was more stable with 20wt% waste loading than that with 10wt% (Q1 factor decreasing and Q2 etc. factor rising). The sample, loading to 20wt.% waste with 0.5wt% Cr2O3 doped, could still keep homogeneous, and was more stability than others with same waste loading but more Cr2O3 fraction doped. On the other hand, the analysis results also show that Cr2O3 XRD peak appeared in the sample loading 20wt% waste and doping 1wt% Cr2O3, which overstepped the chromium loading limit in borosilicate glass and decreased the structure stability. The results of PCT test and SEM/EDS were agreed with that of Raman spectroscope and XRD.
  • Effect of strain rate on tensile properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloy
    ZHANG Zhen, DENG Yunlai, GUO Hui, QIAN Pengwei, TANG Hongyuan, YE Lingying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(7): 7215-7220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.07.042
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    The effects of strain rate on the tensile properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloy were analyzed. The results show that the ultimate tensile strength slightly rises, the yield strength dramatically increases, and the elongation significantly decreases with the increase of strain rate. The fracture analysis shows that the dimple increases with strain rate decreasing, which was mainly ductile rupture. The fracture was mainly ductile and brittle rupture with the increase of strain rate. The metallographic analysis indicates the elongation of crystal grain decreased and tiny precipitated phase appeared with strain rate increasing. Besides, the effect of strain rate is calculated based on the Fields-Backofen equation in Al-Zn-Mg alloy.
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