30 June 2018, Volume 49 Issue 6
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2017)
  • PAN Yiming, YAN Shu, TANG Xinyue, WANG Qinggang, WANG Xiuhui, YANG Jinlong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6001-6008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.001
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    In this paper, effects of calcining temperature, microspheres dosage, concentration of dye and contact time on the adsorption properties of methly violet and malachite green of coal gangue microspheres were investigated. Coal gangue microspheres were made by spray drying method and subsequent calcination. Researches showed that the surface of coal gangue microspheres was fluffy and porous, the flaky tissue was mixed and disorderly arrangement on the surface. With the increase of calcining temperature (800-1 000 ℃), the adsorption capacity on methly violet and malachite green was decreased, and the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of methyl violet for microspheres calcined after 800 ℃ were 16.2 mg/g and 95.5%, respectively. And for malachite green, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were 9.5 mg/g and 94.6%. With the increase of contact time and initial concentration, the adsorption capacity of methyl violet and malachite green for microspheres was increased, whereas with the increase of coal gangue dosage, the adsorption capacity was decreased. The progress of adsorption could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption on methyl violet conforms to the Langmuir model, and value of RL (0<RL<1) indicates that the Langmuir isotherm is favorable. The adsorption on malachite green conforms to the Freundlich model, and value of 1/n (0<1/n<1) indicates that the Freundlich isotherm is favorable. When methyl violet and malachite green were filtered with coal gangue filter, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of methyl violet were 15.1963 mg/g and 99.1061% and the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of malachite green were 8.8284 mg/g and 94.5903%.
  • WANG Di, ZHANG Yinan, ZHENG Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6009-6014. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.002
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    In this paper, two small molecules DCA3TPBDTOC16 and DCA3TFPBDTOC16-m were designed and synthesized based on asymmetric benzodithiophene (BDT) with trifunctional thiophene as π bridge and isooctyl cyanoacetate as the capping group. The asymmetric BDT structure was constructed by alkoxy and phenyl as the one-dimensional and two-dimensional substituents respectively. The small molecules of this type were applied to active layer donor materials in organic solar cell devices. Both small molecules showed good thermal stability, broad absorption peak and relatively flat planar configuration. Finally, the small molecule DCA3TPBDTOC16 showed a photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.30%, a corresponding open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.387 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 2.126 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 29.39%. Based on this, the F atom was introduced into the side chain of small molecular DCA3TPBDTOC16 to optimize the molecular level. Finally, the molecule DCA3TFPBDTOC16-m showed a PCE value of 0.60%, a VOC of 1.007V, a JSC of 1.61 mA/cm2 and a FF of 59.34%, among which the VOC of 1.007 V is similar to the highest VOC value exhibited by the benzodithiophene-based small molecule donor materials up to now. These results prove that the small molecules donor materials based on asymmetric BDT have great potential in achieving high performance in organic solar cells.
  • XIAO Li, CHEN Hao, XIA Zhimei, LIU Pengcheng, CHEN Han
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6015-6022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.003
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    Due to its high discharge capacity, low production cost, stable layered structure and good thermal stability, the NCM cathode material for lithium-ion batteries is considered as the most widely applicable cathode electrode material for power cells at present. However, there are problems such as low capacity retention rate, large irreversible phase transition, poor cycling performance, poor high temperature thermal stability. Surface coating process is considered as a simple and effective way to improve the properties of materials. In this paper, the surface coating of the NCM cathode materials and the common coating material were reviewed, the reasons for the improved properties of the coated materials are also discussed, and the improvement measures of coating was proposed.
  • ZHANG Suling, ZHANG Di, LI Yingxue, LIU Tianchang, WEI Lei, LU Yanhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6023-6028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.004
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    RuO2/graphene (RuO2/G) composites were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction and followed by an annealing process. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that RuO2 nanoparticles with average size of 3.6 nm are homogeneously deposited on the surface of the graphene sheets. As an electrode material, RuO2/G exhibits an excellent supercapacitive behavior. Electrochemical performance of the materials was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). With 35wt% RuO2 loading, RuO2/G shows a specific capacitance of 402.5 F/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. Meanwhile, the electrode material also delivers a high energy density of 14 Wh/kg and power density of 50 W/kg in aqueous electrolyte system. Moreover, the RuO2/G material exhibits good rate performance and cycle stability. Utilizing the double-layer capacitance of graphene and the pseudocapacitance of RuO2, RuO2/G composite is an ideal electrode material for the energy storage device.
  • CHEN Tao, LI Xin, OU Shanshan, GU Kongping, ZHANG Li, YANG Xiaohong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6029-6034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.005
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    Two kinds of WO3 nanoparticles with different crystalline phase were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The microstructures and surface topography of the samples were investigated by XRD and SEM, respectively. Meanwhile, its photo catalytic performance to methyl orange(MO) and methylene blue(MB) was researched by using spectrophotometer.The research focused on the different photocatalytic performance showed by different crystalline phases WO3 with the same morphology. Also, the different photocatalytic properties of WO3 nanoparticles to MO and MB were studied. The results revealed that the different phase WO3 showed different photocatalytic properties to the same wastewater clearly and the same phase WO3 showed the different degradation rate to the different wastewater. The reason and mechanism for the differences have been analyzed in this paper.
  • Review & Advance
  • TANG Yizhou, HUANG Can, HUANG Fuxiang, TU Jian, WU Baoan, TANG Huiyi, LUO Weifan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6035-6040. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.006
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    Surface tension is an important property of liquid alloys. It plays a decisive role in the cracking of metals during solidification, the microscopic appearance of welded joints and the crystal growth of alloys. In this paper, the research reports on the theoretical calculation of the surface tension of liquid alloys both at home and abroad are systematically summarized. For the binary and ternary alloy, the calculation principle and progress of Butler model, Eyring model and Toop model are introduced in detail. On this basis, the main problems in theoretical calculation and the reasons for the errors between the calculated values and the experimental values are analyzed. In the end, the future research direction on the surface tension of multicomponent liquid alloys is prospected.
  • ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Jie, LIU Wei, WANG Donghong, LEI Yisan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6041-6048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.007
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    As high-temperature and high-intensity absorbers, ceramic absorbers have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the research progress of high-temperature ceramic absorbers, including SiC and Ti3SiC2, was reviewed. The problems existed in the study of high-temperature ceramic absorbers were summarized and the future developments of high-temperature ceramic absorbers were prospected.
  • GENG Min, DONG Binghai, WANG Shimin, ZHAO Li, WAN Li, WANG Erjing, ZHANG Yanping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6049-6056. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.008
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    In recent years, inspired by the the super-hydrophobic surfaces of the animals and plants in nature, based on the influence of the external environment and taking into account the surface chemical composition and the surface microstructure, the scientific research workers have developed the preparation method of the superhydrophobic surface and successfully prepared the superhydrophobic surface. But when under chemical erosion or mechanical wear it shows poor durability, resulting in its practical application has been greatly limited. Inspired by the ability of lotus leaves to regenerate their superhydrophobicity against physical damage, the combination of superhydrophobic and self-healing properties may prove an effective means to solve this problem. In this paper, the principle of building self-healing superhydrophobic surface, and its current application and prospects the development of superhydrophobic future were mainly introduced.
  • WANG Tianpeng, HU Bin, MA Kunsong, ZHU Deqiu, ZHANG Huaihao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6057-6063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.009
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    The mechanism of pitting corrosion and surface extension of high-purity aluminum. Meanwhile, the influence factors, such as the properties of high purity aluminum (microelement and cube texture), electrolyte parameters (chloride concentration, sulfate-ion concentration, temperature and corrosion-inhibitor) and applied polarization current effect on pit initiation, propagation and surface area extension of aluminum foil under electrochemical DC etching were also clarified in detail.
  • CHEN Lin, XIAO Wenqiang, YAN Lei, WU Ting, QIU Youshun, LIN Hailan, BIAN Jun, LU Yun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6064-6072. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.010
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    Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based dielectric composites have become the main research object in the field of dielectric compositesbecause of their good processability, low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant. In this paper, the research progress on the preparation techniques,functional modification methods and dielectric properties of PVDF based dielectric composites containing different dimensional (0-D, 1-D and 2-D) fillers was summarized, and the research and application trend was also prospected.
  • Research & Development
  • XUE Wenchao, CHEN Yujie, LI Hua, LIU Hezhou, ZHANG Chunmei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6073-6079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.011
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    Damping materials have extremely important applications in the field of vibration and noise reduction. Piezoelectric damping composite materials can further introduce the energy loss way of mechanical force-electricity-heat so as to improve the damping performance of the matrix, which has been favored in both active and passive vibration suppression. However, in order to reach the conductive threshold, a large amount of conductive phase needs to be added. In this experiment, a three-dimensional graphene aerogel was prepared by template-assisted self-assembly graphene oxide, which was used as the conductive phase. Then graphene aerogel was composited with PU/PMMA/PBMA IPN copolymer and PZT to prepare piezoelectric damping composites. Due to the existence of its own three-dimensional conductive network, the use of three-dimensional graphene aerogel makes the prepared piezoelectric damping composite material reach the conductive threshold at a very low conductive phase content, and converts the electric energy generated by the PZT into thermal energy, effectively widening the damping temperature and improving the damping properties at room temperature of the matrix.
  • WU Yanlin, WANGYong, QIAO Liying, JIANG Dingcheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6080-6087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.012
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    In order to improve the mechanical compatibility of the metallic implants with the human bone and avoid stress shielding effect, porous Ti6Al4V specimens was fabricated by using selective laser melting (SLM). Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to examine porous structures. The mechanical properties were also analyzed. It was found that the porosity of the SLMed specimens was about 46%, which was decreased by 16% as compared with the original designation. The decrease of porosity could be attributed to the scanning strategy, shape and size of the melting pool and the particles sticking to the surface. Microhardness of the longitudinal section (parallel to the build direction) was higher than that of the cross section (perpendicular to the build direction). As shown by compression tests, the elastic modulus and yield strength of the as-SLMed porous Ti6Al4V alloy were 8.8 GPa and 348 MPa, respectively, which were much closer to the properties of the nature bones than those of dense TC4 were. However, these measured properties deviated from the calculated values.
  • YUE Yuanxia, YANG Ying, FENG Qing, ZHU Hongqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.013
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    In the paper, the first-principles plane-wave ultrasoftpseudopotential method based on density functional theory (DFT) was employed to calculate and analyze the microscopic mechanism and optical gas sensing properties of TiO2 (101) surface adsorption of CO, SO2 and H2S. The study shows that the three gasmolecules can allbe adsorbed by TiO2 (101) surface. After consideration of the adsorption distance and the stability of the structure, the electron transfer, and the optical properties after adsorption, in the three gases, the structure of H2S adsorbed by TiO2 (101) surface is more stable, the charge transfer is more obvious, and the optical gas sensing property is moreobvious.
  • GU Yuanguo, MA Chunyang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6093-6096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.014
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    Ni-TiN coatings were prepared on the surface of 20CrMnTi steel by direct current, pulse current and ultrasonic pulse electrodeposition methods, respectively. The microstructure, microhardness and wear property of Ni-TiN coatings were investigated by using atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, microhardness tester, and friction and wear tester. The results indicate that the Ni-TiN coating deposited by ultrasonic pulse electrodeposition has the most significantly refined metal grains and compact structure. TiN nanoparticles are evenly distributed in the coating, and the average particle diameters of TiN particles and Ni grains are 76.5 and 41.4 nm, respectively. The microhardnesses of the Ni-TiN coatings obtained at 50 min by direct current, pulse current and ultrasonic pulse electrodeposition methods are 841,882 and 923 Hv, respectively. The Ni-TiN coating prepared by ultrasonic pulse electrodeposition has the optimal wear resistance.
  • SU Ling, JIANG Guiquan, PANG Jiuyin, SHI Junyou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6097-6102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.015
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    Industrial alkali lignin and polyvinyl alcohol were used as raw materials to prepare lignin quaternary ammonium salts and carboxymethylated polyvinyl alcohol, and polyelectrolyte reaction film was prepared with formaldehyde as crosslink reagent. The effect of the proportion of trimethyl-lignin quaternary amine salt (TLQA) and carboxymethylated polyvinyl alcohol (CMPVA), formaldehyde, and the pH values on the light transmittance and gas permeability properties were investigated by single factor experiment and measured using a double-beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a VAC-VBS pressure difference gas permeameter, respectively. The contact angle and crystal structure of the films were analyzed by static contact angle measuring instrument and XRD. The results were as follows. The maximum UV absorbance of the reaction films was 10 and the transmissivity in the visible area was less than 10%, indicating that the addition of formaldehyde was beneficial to improve the transmittance of TLQA/CMPVA reaction films. When the polyelectrolyte solution was weak in alkaline (pH=9), the light transmittance of TLQA/CMPVA reaction film was increased. The trimethyl-lignin quaternary amine salt (TLQA) was beneficial to the gas transmission of oxygen and carbon dioxide. After formaldehyde crosslinking, the oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability were decreased. When the polyelectrolyte solution was neutral or alkaline, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of TLQA/CMPVA reaction film were decreased. The hydrophilic and water resistance of TLQA/CMPVA reaction film were also increased. Compared with PVA, the crystalline structure of CMPVA disappeared. TLQA and CMPVA were more compact after crosslinking. In the study, a theoretical basis for the preparation of TLQA/CMPVA film and its application in special film and slow-release packaging materials were provided.
  • LIANG Yeyun, YU Qian, ZHANG Daohong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6103-6106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.016
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    Nylon-6 and glass fiber (PA-6/GF) composites with high flowability and high content (50wt%) of glass fiber was prepared by using a novel carboxyl-ended hyperbranched polyester (DCHP-n). The effects of DCHP-n content and molecular weight on performance of the composites were studied in detail, including melt flow index, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and heat resistance. The results show that theDCHP-n could increase the melt index of the composites from 15 to 30.8 g/10 min, being attributable to the fact that the spherical structure of the hyperbranched polymer molecule is easily dispersed into the intermolecular chains of nylon and promotes the sliding between the nylon molecular chains. The tensile strength and flexural strength of the PA-6/GF composites were increased from 142.8 and 89.3 MPa to 163.5 and 93 MPa, respectively, resulted from an increase in interaction between the glass fiber surface and nylon due to hydrogen bond between the carboxyl groups of DCHP-n and the hydroxyl groups of the glass fiber, and the conclusion has been substantiated by the SEM micrographs of impact fractured surface of DCHP-n /PA-6/GF composites.
  • ZHANG Zumin, YUAN Bihe, LI Xin, CHEN Xianfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6107-6113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.017
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    In this work, the microcapsule-like “dry water” (DW) powder with hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles as shell and water as core is prepared by high-speed shear agitation. Then the water is replaced by sodium alginate solution to prepare sodium alginate “dry water” (SA-DW) powder. Taking the advantages of the crosslinking reaction between sodium alginate and Ca2+, the gelling Ca-alginate “dry water” (CA-DW) powder is obtained. The morphology difference among these three powders is compared, and the influence of experimental conditions on the morphology is studied. The fluidity of powder is characterized with flow velocity and repose angle. The pressure resistance and stability are studied with static pressure experiment and centrifugation. The results indicate that the DW particle is morphologically uneven, and its repose angle is larger than 30°. This “dry water” powder is completely destroyed even at low centrifugal rotational speed of 1 000 r/min. SA-DW powder is relatively morphologically uniform, and its repose angle is less than 30°. The particle is collapsed at centrifugal rotational speed of 2 000 r/min. CA-DW powder particles are similar to SA-DW powder with a repose angle of 25°, and only little water is released under the centrifugal rotational speed of 4 000 r/min. The CA-DW powder has a higher fluidity and compressibility compared with DW powder.
  • LI Zheng, DONG Weijie, ZHU Huichao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6114-6118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.018
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    In this paper, a microstructured electret film with sandwich structure was designed. A flexible piezoelectric energy harvester based on microstructure PDMS electret was fabricated. The complete process was explored, including spin coating, “soft etching”, electron plasma bonding, constant voltage corona discharge technology and other processes. Copper net were used as electrodes. The piezoelectric coefficient and force-electrical characteristics of the electret film were measured. The results show that the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of the PDMS piezoelectric energy harvester is 25 pC/N, and the open circuit voltage of 1.98 Vpp can be generated at 5 N periodic force. The resonant frequency of the electret film is 32 Hz, and the resulting voltage is linearly related to the applied force.
  • CAO Jun, HUANG Youlin, YAN Xiaotong, HOU Yuhua, GE Xianjin, ZHONG Zhenchen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6119-6123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.019
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    MnBi ribbons were prepared by melt spinning technique followed by heat treatment. The high purity MnBi ribbons with the remanence magnetization of 29.0 A·m2/kg were achieved, and a maximum coercivity value of 1 297.48 kA/m at 500 K can be obtained. Open recoil loops for MnBi alloy have never been reported and are worthy of investigation. It was found that the non-uniform distribution of the microstructure could produce a non-negligible local demagnetization field with non-uniform distribution and resulted in open recoil loops. By improving the non-uniform distribution of the microstructure in the ball mill process, and nearly closed recoil loops can be achieved. The results of this work may provide some basis for determine whether the distribution of MnBi alloy is uniform or not.
  • HUANG Lihua, LI Xue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6124-6128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.020
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    CeO2/AC catalyst doped with MnOx was prepared by impregnation method. The influence of MnOx doping on NH3 selective catalytic reduction of NOx at low temperature was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) were used to evaluate structure and performance of catalyst. The result showed that MnOx doping improved the surface acidity and redox property of the catalysts, which enhanced the catalytic activity lower than 110 ℃. But the catalytic activity higher than 120 ℃ decreased with the increasing doping content of MnOx. The catalyst with m(Ce)/m(Mn) ratio of 4∶1 shows better activity than the other catalyst in the whole temperature range. It also behaved excellent sulfur resistance performance at 210 ℃.
  • WANG Xuemin, TIAN Guofeng, WANG Rongrong, GONG Xiaoqin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6129-6134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.021
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    In this paper, viscosity, penetration degree, softening point, ductility and elastic recovery were studied, focusing on using orthogonal experimental design method to study the above mentioned properties with different meshes and proportions of rubber powder as well as shear temperature and time. Rubber asphalt mixture(RAM) was mixed following the optimal scheme, and its pavement performances were studied compared to asphalt mixture(AM). The results show that RAM with 20% rubber powder of 40 meshes and blended at 150-170 ℃ for 90 min shows better high temperature stability, low temperature anti-cracking performance and water stability than AM. The dynamic stability and the ability to resist damage strain are increased by 52% and 15.6%, while the rutting depth and the deformation rate are reduced by nearly 26% and 60% respectively. All aspects of RAM have been improved obviously than AM, owning a good application prospect.
  • LIU Bo, LUO Zhenmin, ZHOU Anning
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6135-6139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.022
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    Co-precipitated method was employed to prepare nano-scale lamellar Zn2Al-LDHs, flower-like ZnMgxAl-LDHs (x=1, 2) and micro-nano structured Mg2Al-LDHs. Advanced testing devices like XRD and SEM were utilized to study the size, structure and morphology of the products and the effect of the component on the pattern growth of LDHs-like structure was further investigated. The results indicated that high crystallinity was observed for zinc-contained LDHs. In particular, the growth of Zn2Al-LDHs crystal that exhibited multi-layer lamellar particles conformed to face-face lamellar reunion mechanism. ZnMgAl-LDHs and ZnMg2Al-LDHs were single-layer and double-layer lamellar, respectively. The content of Mg2+ was found to be the key contributing factor for the crystallinity and growth direction of crystal face. As the content of Mg2+ increased, the reunion mechanism of zinc-contained LDHs transferred from face-face lamellar reunion to face-edge lamellar reunion. Additionally, Mg2Al-LDHs were nano-scale flower-like cladding particle and the growth of the crystals abided by face-edge lamellar reunion.
  • ZHOU Zhimin, PEI Jicheng, LIU Haitang, BU Xin, ZHANG Fangdong, WANG Jing, ZHEN Xiaoqin, NIE Shuangxi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6140-6145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.023
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    The laccase/TEMPO system was used to selectively oxidize the C-6-hydroxyl groups from the cotton fibers into aldehyde groups to generate monoaldehyde cellulose. And then the chitosan was grated on the monoaldehyde cellulose via Schiff base reaction to obtain the grafted product. The structures and property of the grafted product were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, energy spectrum analysis, the chitosan content analysis and antibacterial experiment. Results showed that the C-6-hydroxyl of cellulose was selectively oxidized to aldehyde groups. After the Schiff base reaction, the amino groups of chitosan reacted with aldehyde groups to form CN. The surface of the cotton fiber changed dramatically and the chitosan was present on the surface of the cotton fiber. The content of chitosan in the grafted product was 4.55%. The grafted products had antibacterial activity against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus compared with cotton fiber. The inhibitory effect of grafted products on Escherichia coli was stronger than that of Staphylococcus aureus.
  • ZHOU Xiaoyan, WANG Zhuo, GAO Yun, HOMEWOOD Kevin Peter, XIA Xiaohong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6146-6150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.024
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    The research of hydrogen sensor is of great significance to the development of green hydrogen energy economy in the future. Improving the sensitivity of hydrogen sensors to H2 at room temperature is the key to reduce sensor cost, enhance device stability and expand the application area of sensors. Oxide based hydrogen sensors such as TiO2 and SnO2 have the advantages of low cost, easy fabrication and stable property. In this work, UV irradiation was adopted to help improving the sensitivity of the already exist room temperature working TiO2 nano array thin film based hydrogen sensor. XPS was used to analyze the surface chemical state change of the thin film before and after ultraviolet irradiation. The effect of UV irradiation on the hydrogen sensitivity of thin films was studied. The results suggest that UV irradiation is benefit to elimination of surface contamination and to the increase of oxygen vacancy, which were considered as the reason for the enhancement of the sensitivity of hydrogen sensor in various H2 concentration.
  • LI Xiaojing, LI Peichuang, CHEN Huiqing, LI Xin, ZHAO Yuancong, WANG Jin, HUANG Nan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6151-6157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.025
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    To improving the blood compatibility of pure titanium surface, a series of biomimetic polymers containing phosphorylcholine were synthesized and stable bionic coating on the surface of pure titanium was built. The better phosphorylcholine polymer which was more favorable for surface modification of titanium was optimized through a series of experiments, characterization and evaluation. Firstly, the simple free radical polymerization and the reaction of carboxyl and amino were used to synthesize 5 kinds of random copolymers(hereinafter referred to as PMMDA3-Q, PMMDA3-T, PMMDA5-Q, PMMDA5-T, PMMDA7) with different proportions of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC), methacrylic acid (MA) and dopamine (DA) in two steps. The qualitative and quantitative characterization and analysis were characterized by means of FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC and UV-Vis. The polymers were assembled on titanium surface respectively by self-assembly and the quantity, surface roughness and the ability of inhibit platelet adhesion and activation of the five kinds of polymer on the surface of the titanium were inspected by means of QCM-D and AFM. Results showed that the polymer PMMDA7 is more suitable as the titanium surface modification polymer, and the experimental basis and methods to build the phosphorylcholine bionic multi-functional coating were provided.
  • Process & Technology
  • LI Xianming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6158-6162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.026
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    The GO cement, CF cement and GO-CF cement composite materials were prepared with the enhancement of graphite oxide (GO) and carbon fiber (CF). The mechanical properties of composite materials were studied by electronic universal testing machine. The fracture morphology of GO cement, CF cement and the combination of enhanced phase and cement interface were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that GO can improve the compressive strength of cement significantly, while carbon fiber can significantly improve the tensile strength of cement. The tensile strength and compressive strength of the GO-CF cement have been significantly improved compared with ordinary cement. The compressive strength and tensile strength of the cement composites were 66.4 MPa and 15.4 MPa respectively, which were improved by 83.7% and 44.9% compared with ordinary cement. GO in GO-CF cement can reduce the crystallization defects of cement. The two-dimensional structure and high strength mechanical properties of GO and CF can effectively inhibit the formation and expansion of microcracks and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material in the process of crushing and tensile failure.
  • LIN Huangding, LIU Xiangzhi, FANG Hao, ZHOU Quan, ZHANG Enliang, YAN Xin, LENG Chongqian, ZHANG Fengyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6163-6167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.027
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    Single phase CZTS films were prepared by single target magnetron sputtering method and CZTS/n-Si heterojunction photodetectors were fabricated. The phase structure, optical properties and surface morphology of the CZTS films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscope (Raman) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscope (UV-Vis-NIR) respectively. CZTS films after annealing were proved to have a single phase structure, a suitable band gap (1.51 eV) and a smooth and dense surface morphology. The photoelectric properties of CZTS/n-Si heterojunction photodetector were investigated in the visible and near infrared regions. The characterization results showed that the device at 450, 635 and 980 nm wavelength all exhibited good rectifying properties. At a bias voltage of 0 V, the response rise time and decay time of CZTS/n-Si heterojunction photodetector were 41 and 126 ms respectively in NIR region (980 nm, 3 mW/cm2). Besides, under the 450 nm incident laser (3 mW/cm2) and at the bias voltage of -0.1 V, the CZTS/n-Si heterojunction photodetector displayed a larger current switching ratio than the pure Si detector and the pure CZTS detector due to the improvement of carriers separated efficiency. Therefore, the CZTS/n-Si heterojunction photodetector based on the single target magnetron sputtering method is significant for developing low cost and high performance photodetectors.
  • CHI Xiuwei, CHEN Heyan, LI Mengchun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6168-6172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.028
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    Hollow microspheres (HGM) were physically modified with tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid and a new flame retardant thermoplastic polyester (TPU) composite was prepared by the method of melt-blending. The flame retardant, smoke suppression properties and thermal stability of TPU composites were analyzed by cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG) and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). And, The effects of different components on the combustion behavior of TPU were investigated. The results show that HGM was physically modified by tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid, and the synergistic flame retardancy was achieved. It significantly improved the flame retardancy, smoke suppression effect and thermal stability of TPU and the fire hazard was reduced. The best composition ratio n(TPU)∶n(HGM)∶n(ionic liquid) is 99∶0.995∶0.005, which is TPU-4.
  • QIU Weiya, LI Jianqing, DAI yawen, MA Zhengzheng, CHEN Cheng, CHENG Haibin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6173-6178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.029
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    In this paper, a new type of the sedimentation rate measurement system for solid-liquid two-phase mixtures is designed and developed, and the system is used to measure the sedimentation concentration of carbonyl iron magneto-rheological fluids. The relationship between temperature and time about the sample when it is heated by the thermal probe of the system was obtained, and the thermal conductivity of the sample was calculated. And then the sedimentation concentration of the sample was obtained indirectly. A series of experiments on the sedimentation state of carbonyl iron magneto-rheological fluids show that the system has the advantages of low hardware cost, fast testing speed, reliable measurement results and long-term real-time on-line detection, and has great application foreground.
  • NA Liyan, ZHANG Liying, ZHANG Fengjie, HUA Ruinian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6179-6183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.030
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    Coordination polymer material Cu3(BTC)2 was synthesized at room temperature using coordination modulation method. The phase composition, morphology, surface area and thermal stability of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 sorption measurements and TGA. The results indicate that the Cu3(BTC)2 samples were nano particles and the BET surface area was 1 183 m2/g. The adsorbent activities of the samples were evaluated for the removal of active red dye from waste water. The influences of adsorbent amount, pH value, initial concentration and reaction time on the adsorption performance were investigated. The results suggest that the as-synthesized Cu3(BTC)2 exhibits good adsorption property for active red dye. The equilibrium adsorption capacity can reach 83.33 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm model accords with the Langmuir isotherm model and the kinetic analysis reveals that the adsorption process is well-matched with the pseudo-second-order model.
  • TIAN Jie, ZHANG Xin, ZHOU Ziqun, LIU Hongliang, FU Yanan, ZHANG Jiuxing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6184-6189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.031
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    Thermoelectric (TE) materials have received extensive attention for their potential applications in converting various kinds of heat energy into electricity. Bi2Te3 and its alloys are known to be the best TE materials at near room temperature. Bi2Te3 materials own a large power factor and a low thermal conductivity. It is found that the ZT value could be significantly improved by nanocomposite. And one effective way to increase the TE properties is to reduce the thermal conductivity by incorporating nano-sized particles into the matrix. The introduction of the second phase by nano composite can effectively improve the thermoelectric properties of the materials. It is expected that the dispersion of SiC nano-particles in Bi2Te3 could reduce the thermal conductivity but not significantly decrease the electrical conductivity. Bi2Te3 ingots have poor mechanical properties and mechanical alloying (MA) combine the powder sintering process is usually used to improve the mechanical properties of Bi2Te3-based alloys. N-type nanocomposite Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3/(SiC)y (0≤y≤0.02) were fabricated by MA combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) method using bismuth powder, tellurium powder, selenium powder and nano SiC as raw materials. The effects of nano SiC on phase components, microstructure, and the thermoelectric properties were systematically investigated. The experimental results show that the nanosized SiC particles are dispersed in the grain boundary of Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3 matrix, the nano composite structure of which can significantly reduce the lattice thermal conductivity and improve the performance of the thermoelectric material. The pattern of electrical transport is n conduction. Meanwhile, with increasing amount of SiC doping, the resistivity and Seebeck coefficient were enhanced, and the samples still have good electrical properties at near the room temperature. Nano SiC can enhance phonon scattering and significantly reduce the thermal conductivity due to its diffuse distribution in grain boundary, which leads to a higher ZT than that of the non-doped samples. The dimensionless figure of merit ZT was improved and reaches maximum value of 0.73 at 323 K for the Bi2(Te0.9Se0.1)3/(SiC)0.01 sample.
  • YANG Shangyu, XING Xuegang, ZHANG Jiaojiao, WANG Hao, SIMa Lin, WANG Hefeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6190-6195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.032
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    In order to research the variation of friction and wear characteristics of alumina ceramic with different REO additives, the samples of alumina ceramic with different rare earth oxides were prepared, and ball-on-disk friction and wear experiments were carried out. The morphology, phase and element composition of aluminum oxide ceramics before and after wear was analyzed, and the relative density and microhardness of aluminum oxide ceramics with additives were tested. The results show that alumina ceramic with additives were composed by α-Al2O3 phase. Along with the increase of Y2O3 and CeO2 additives, related secondary phase of composite oxide was formed. Different REOs and additive amount had different influences on the densification and mechanical performance of alumina ceramic. In terms of grain size, when the additive amount of three REOs was 0.5%, the grain was the finest. In terms of densification, the optimum additive amount of the ceramics with Y2O3 and CeO2 was 0.5%, and the optimum additive amount of the ceramics with La2O3 was 1.5%. In terms of hardness, the optimum additive amount of the aluminum oxide ceramics with Y2O3 and CeO2 was 1.5%, and the optimum additive amount of the aluminum oxide ceramics with La2O3 was 0.5%. Under the condition of dry friction, the wear volume of the samples with three REO additives reached the minimum when the additive amount was 0.5%, and the weight loss of aluminum oxide ceramics increased with the increase of additive amount. It could be concluded that ceramics with 0.5% of three REOs respectively showed good wear resistance, and the wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear.
  • LI Yuxiong, SUI Zhanpeng, GU Chengyan, CHEN Yigang, JIANG Chunping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6196-6200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.033
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    Titanium nitride films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition with pure titanium nitride as the target on sapphire at 650 ℃ and at different nitrogen pressures of 1 Pa, 2 Pa and 3 Pa. The effects of different nitrogen gas pressures on the growth quality and electrical properties of titanium nitride films were studied. The research finds that (111)-preferred orientation TiNx thin films of high quality with a dense surface morphology have been achieved at various nitrogen pressures. With increasing nitrogen pressure, the positions of the diffraction peaks of the TiNx films shift towards the higher angles, the ratio of N and Ti decreases, square resistance decreases and the minimum reflectivity of the TiNx films shifts towards shorter wavelengths. The result of the research shows that the chemical composition and metallic properties of titanium nitride films can be tuned by the variation of the nitrogen pressure.
  • SHI Zhongfeng, ZHU Guisheng, XU Huarui, CHEN Yida
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6201-6205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.034
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    Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/activated carbon(PEDOT/AC) composites as electrode materials of supercapacitors were synthesized by in-situ polymerization on AC particles. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The electrochemical properties of the samples were measured by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge-discharge and alternating current impendence methods. The results show that specific capacitance is greatly improved by PEDOT grown on AC particles. AC/PEDOT exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 250 F/g at the ratio of n(AC)∶n(PEDOT)=10∶1 and increases by 95.3% than the specific capacitance of AC. Low equivalent series resistance (0.29Ω), and retaining 80.4% of the initial specific capacitance after 1 000 cycles signify a long-term cycling stability. Furthermore, the miniaturization of carbon-based supercapacitor can be realized.
  • HU Chenguang, WANG Juan, BAI Ruiying, LIU Gang, ZHOU Jinjin, FENG Xiaoxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6206-6212. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.035
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    The distribution of aluminum ions coordination in cement pastes under chloride ions corrosion was investigated by XRD, DTA-TG, 29Si and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance. The results indicate that there is no dealuminization of chloride ions corrosion on 4-coordination aluminum (Al[4]) in C-A-S-H, and the Al[4] entering into the C-S-H structure with high Ca/Si ratio is promoted by chloride ions, leading to the increase of C-S-H mean chain length and transformation of C-S-H gels to crystal. Meanwhile, the Friedel’s salts (F’s) will be most easily formed by the chloride ions combining with 6-coordination aluminum (Al[6]) in the TAH (Third aluminum hydrate). And then the monosulfoaluminate hydrate and ettringite will be dissolved respectively to form the F’s, when the chloride ions concentration attains corresponding threshold of them, and the threshold of ettringite transforming to F’s is higher than that of monosulphate. Moreover, the content of F’s is not risen with the increase of chloride ions concentration, as a result of the limited content of Al[6] in cement pastes. However, the exorbitant concentration of sodium chloride doesn’t favor the F’s formation, and the transformation from gypsum through dissolved monosulphate and ettringite to Na2Ca5(SO4)6·3H2O will be promoted.
  • LI Bo, ZHANG Xinchang, SUN Hao, WANG Liqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(6): 6213-6220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.06.036
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    In order to explore the preparation process of improving the flame retardancy of mixed fiber foamed material, the samples were prepared by taking water glass, magnesium sulfate and aluminum sulfate as flame retardant formulations through orthogonal test. The specimen combustibility such as oxygen index LOI and carbon residue rate were tested and analyzed. Finally the flame retardant formulations with excellent flame retardancy were screened out. EDS is used to analyze the distribution of elements. The results showed that total amount of flame retardant solvent was180 mL and mole ratio of Al/Mg/SiO2 was 1∶0.5∶0.5. The way of adding water glass solution, aluminum sulfate and magnesium sulfate as flame retardant is an application of internal addition method. The preparation of the flame retardancy of flame retardant mixed plant fiber foam material by this process is best. The addition mode of the flame retardant is the most important factor affecting the combustion performance of the sample, and the second one is the proportion of compound composition and the addition of flame retardants. When adding the formula to the mixed biomass fiber foaming material developed by the author, the limit LOI value of the sample is 32.3%, the combustion grade of the material can be “hard to burn”, and the flame retardancy is improved obviously, which is superior to the experiments done by other scholars.