31 March 2018, Volume 49 Issue 3
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2017)
  • Investigation of α particle and Kr+ ion irradiation damage in zirconolite by Monte Carlo simulation
    LI Weimin, DONG Faqin, LI Wenzhou, BIAN Liang, SONG Gongbao, LU Xirui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3001-3006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.001
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    In order to investigate irradiation damage of zirconolite under the impacts of alpha particles and Kr+ ions, SRIM code is used to simulate the stopping power, energy loss, average ion projected range, vacancies distribution and displacement per atom (dpa) at critical dose for amorphisation in the energy range from 100 to3 000 keV. The results show that when the alpha particle incident, electronic stopping power and ionization energy loss of incident ion are the major, the incident ion range is from 437 to 6 960 nm, and the total number of vacancies are from 12 to 20. When the Kr+ ion incident, with the increase of the energy the nuclear stopping power decreases, and the electronic stopping power increased gradually. The energy is lossed by ionization energy loss of incident ion, ionization energy loss of recoil ion, and phonon energy loss of recoil ion. The incident ion range is from 39 to 1 130 nm, and the total number of vacancy is from 138 to 1 097. At critical amorphous dose, with the increase of incident ion energy, damage zone depth increases in the substrate. In the depth from 0 to 460 nm, 1 000 keV Kr+ ions produce a greater number of dpa than1 500 keV Kr+ ions, and in the depth from 470 to 1 000 nm, 1 500 keV Kr+ ions produce a greater number of dpa than 1 000 keV Kr+ ions.
  • Research progress of the structural optimization design and electrochemical
    QIU Jiaxin, JIANG Qi, LI Huan, LIU Qingqing, DUAN Zhihong, LU Xiaoying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3007-3012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.002
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    In order to solve the problems of low initial coulomb efficiency, poor lithium ion diffusion and fast voltage attenuation on the Li-rich manganese-based cathode material, a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, optimizing material structure (structural optimization design) was developed to enhance the electrochemical performances of this material. Until now, many superior structural designs were introduced and proved good effects, such as micro/nano-meter structure, mesoporous structure and so on. In this paper, the Li-rich manganese-based cathode materials were classified by the working mechanism of structural design on their electrochemical performances. And the working mechanism of how did the structural design change the lithium ion diffusion, material structure stability, material irreversible phase change and Mn ion dissolution were discussed in detail. At the same time, the further research and development direction and trend about structural optimization design were put forward.
  • Preparation and inhibition mechanism of a mannich corrosion inhibitor
    LI Qianding, WU Kunkun, LI Shanjian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3013-3019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.003
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    A Mannich compound was synthesized as the principal component of an acid corrosion inhibitor, and its synergistic effect with dispersant and synergist was investigated by orthogonal test. Finally, a high temperature acidification inhibitor called MMPD was obtained. The mechanism of action was studied by electrochemical, adsorption thermodynamics and surface analysis, and the adsorption model was constructed. The results showed that the corrosion rate of N80 steel was reduced to 28.78 g/(m2·h) when it was in 20% hydrochloric acid medium in 140 ℃, which was better than that of the first grade. It was a mixed suppressing the anode and cathode type corrosion inhibitor.
  • Effects of carbonization treatment on flame retardance and somke suppression of reconstituted bamboo
    YANG Kai, LI Xingong, TANG Qian, ZHENG Xia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3020-3024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.004
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    Effects of carbonization treatment on flame retardance and somke suppression of reconstituted bamboo were investigated by cone calorimeter, oxygen index meter and smoke density meter. Results show that: carbonization treatment could decrease heat release rate (HRR) and mass loss rate (MLR) of reconstituted bamboo, decrease total heat release (THR), increase oxygen index (LOI) , and delay time to ignition (TTI). the peak of HRR (pkHRR) decreased by 36.6%, the time of reaching pkHRR was delayed by 450 s, TTI increased by 5 times, LOI increased by 49.3%, the peak of mass loss rate (pkMLR) decreased by 21.8%, and the time of reaching pkMLR was delayed by 505 s; carbonization treatment significantly decreased smoke produce rate (SPR), total smoke rate (TSR), smoke density rate (SDR), carbon monoxide release rate (COP) and carbon dioxide release rate(CO2P) of the reconstituted bamboo. SDR of reconstituted bamboo decreased by 35.9%, time of reaching the maximum COP and CO2P was delayed by about 600 s. Carbonization treatment had obvious effects on flame retardant and smoke suppression reconstituted bamboo.
  • Research progress of 3D-graphene and polyaniline composites in supercapacitors
    YANG Lirong, HOU Zhaoxia, WANG Meihan, HU Xiaodan, ZOU Shengnan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3025-3030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.005
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    Polyaniline preparation process is simple with low costs, the structure is stable, the theoretical specific capacity is large, and easy to dope and anti-dope. However, the cycle stability of polyaniline is weak. It is effective to improve the electrochemical performance by compositing with graphene due to the synergistic effect of both. Compared with the two-dimensional graphene, the three-dimensional graphene has the unique three-dimensional porous structure, it will increase the contact area with the electrolyte and provide fast electron transport channels. And the unique network structure can reduce the agglomeration of polyaniline in the composites, tand makes it have a good potential for supercapacitors. The preparation methods of 3D graphene including self-assembly and template methods were introduced .The preparation methods of three-dimensional graphene/polyaniline composites and the improved three-dimensional graphene/polyaniline composites and their electrochemical performance in supercapacitors were reviewed. The future development trend of the three-dimensional graphene/polyaniline composites was also predicted.
    • Review & Advance
  • The development of functional modification and application of graphene
    HE Yunfeng, GU Jian, ZHANG Xiaoping, TAO Bowen, LI Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3031-3041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.006
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    Graphene now is one of the most attractive materials in the world. Many countries and institutes are engaged in its functionalization. Combined with the present research situationhome and abroad, four different modification methods according to the functional molecules were summed up, which are metals and their oxidation, inorganic molecules, organic molecules and polymer, and then the development of functional modification of graphene, the application and prospect in various fields were introduced.
  • Preparation and application of one-dimensional photonic crystal sensor based on biomimetic structure
    ZHOU Ling, JIANG Lan, ZHANG Xiaohui, WANG Jingyu, JIANG Chao, GUO Ming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3042-3053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.007
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    Some biological creatures like butterfly wings, beetle and abalone shells have the one dimensional photonic crystal structural color structure. People imitate these one-dimensional photonic crystals to prepare photonic crystal sensors. In this paper, not only the methods of preparing biomimetic structural one-dimensional photonic crystal sensors, such as spin coating method, surfactant self-assembly method, block copolymer self-assembly method and holography method were introduced, but also the usages of determinating temperature, pressure, organic solvent, pH and small chemical or biological molecules. Advantages of this kind of sensors are the convenient preparation, better sensitivity and excellent selectivity. At present, simulation of one-dimensional biological structure color by more novel preparation methods in theory and more wide applications are research hotspots of this photonic crystal sensor field.
  • Research progress on compatible interface construction of starch/polylactic acid biodegradable composites
    ZUO Yingfeng, GU Jiyou, ZHANG Yanhua, WU Yiqiang, HE Xiaoyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3054-3063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.008
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    The development of starch/poly (lactic acid) (starch/PLA) biodegradable composite materials can alleviate the dependence of the plastic industry on the oil resources, and fundamentally solve the problem of "white pollution" caused by traditional plastics. The mechanical properties, water resistance and melt processability of starch/PLA composites can be effectively improved by the compatible interface constructed between starch and PLA. This paper summarizes the interface characteristics and construction mechanism of starch/PLA, and reviews the development of compatible interface in starch/PLA composites from the modification of starch, the modification of compatibilizer, the hydrophobic modification of starch and the hydrophilic modification of PLA. In view of the shortcomings of the research on construction methods and construction mechanism of starch/PLA composite materials, some suggestions for further research are put forward.
    • Research & Development
  • Fabrication and characterization of electroactive aligned graphene/silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds
    LI Jinxia, ZHANG Kuihua, CHU Xiaofeng, LIU Jing, XU Lu, ZHANG Mengyi, FANG Yu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3064-3069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.009
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    Silk fibroin and graphene have been widely used in biomedical fields due to their excellent properties. In order to establish a better bionic natural nerve topological structure and electrical microenvironment, the electroactive graphene/silk fibroin aligned nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through GO nanosheets being coated onto aligned silk fibroin nanofiberous scaffolds, and then being reduced by Vitamin C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the diameter of the nanofibers gradually increased and the nanofibrous surface became more and more rough as well as presented corrugation with increasing the coating time of GO. The conductivity of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds was 1.66×10-2 S/cm after being reduced by 40 mmol/L Vitamin C at 50 ℃ for 2 h. Fourier transform attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), Raman spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) displayed that GO was successfully coated onto the aligned fibroin nanofiber membrane and then reduced by Vitamin C.
  • Effect of target current density on the structure and property of the Cr2N films deposited by hot wire plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering
    ZHANG Xin, WANG Xiaoming, GAO Jianbo, GUO Yuanyuan, XIE Zhiwen, ZHOU Yanwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3070-3075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.010
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    The Cr2N films were deposited by hot wire plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (PEMS) on substrate of 316L austenitic stainless steel at different target current density. The effect of target current density on the morphology, phase structures, mechanical properties, adhesion between film and substrate and abrasive resistance of Cr2N films were investigated in this paper. The results showed that the main preferred orientation of the dense columnar Cr2N films was (111), and together existed of WN (101) for the film deposited at the low target current density of 0.132 mA/mm2. With increasing target current density, the deposition rate of the films increased, the nano-hardness and Young’s modulus decreased and the adhesion between film and substrate increased. The Rockwell indentation fracture indicated brittle failure of the bonding between the film and substrate. The maximum nano-hardness and modulus of the film deposited at lowest target current density of 0.132 mA/mm2 were 33 and 450 GPa, respectively, and the wear resistance was the highest. The maximum adhesion between film and substrate of the film deposited at the highest targets current density of 0.264 mA/mm2 was 36.6 N. The hardness and wear resistance of the 316L steel were improved significantly after coated with Cr2N films.
  • Preparation and the antimicrobial activity of nanospheres sodium alginate antimicrobial films
    LU Min, WANG Liqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3076-3081. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.011
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    The antibacterial microspheres of tea polyphenols were added into the solution composed of sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol to study the effects on mechanical properties and vapor transmission rate, and to investigate its preservation effect on cherry tomatoes. The effects of various factors on the mechanical properties of the membrane were investigated by single factor test and orthogonal test. The decay rate and weight loss rate of the cherry tomatoes were also determined. The best optimization conditions of preparing anti-microbial film were as follows: the concentration of sodium alginate 1.5%, the ratio of carboxymethyl cellulose to sodium alginate 100 mL: 30 mL, the concentration of glycerol 1.5%, and the concentration of antibacterial microspheres 15 mg/mL. Besides, the anti-bacterial coating and anti-bacterial film had the fresh effect on the cherry tomatoes. Both the coating and the membrane could enhance the sensory quality, acid content, and soluble solids of the cherry tomatoes, and also extended their shelf life, which was a promising fresh fruit packaging material.
  • Study on toughening mechanism of graphene/epoxy resin composites
    WANG Kai, LIU Weiying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3082-3086. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.012
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    Light porous graphene aerogels were prepared by freeze drying the graphene oxide which was reducted with ethylenediamine. Graphene/epoxy resin composite materials were prepared with light porous graphene aerogels and thermosetting resin material in a thermostat by vacuum pouring. Mechanics performance test showed that the fracture toughness of graphene/epoxy resin composite material increased significantly compared with the pure resin material. When the content of graphene is within the range of 0~0.70 wt%, the toughness increased with the increase of concentration. When the content exceeded 0.70 wt%, the toughness decreased with the agglomeration of graphene. Therefore, the optimal content of graphene is 0.70 wt%. SEM fracture analysis showed that the addition of graphene made the energy required to generate new cracks and deformations can be significantly increased, which explained the influence mechanism of graphene and its content value on the toughness of graphene/epoxy resin composites.
  • Preparation and adsorption properties of IIP-PMAA/SiO2 iron ion imprinted material
    HU Cong, LIU Yuemeng, HU Xiaoyu, MENG Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3087-3091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.013
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    A Fe3+ imprinted silica material IIP-PMAA/SiO2 by surface grafting blotting, using silica gel as carrier, methacrylic acid as ligand, two glycol methyl acrylate as cross-linking agent. The adsorption properties and selective recognition ability on Fe3+ of the imprinted polymer were studied by equilibrium-adsorption method. The experimental data showed that the maximum static adsorption capacity of the imprinted sorbent was 26.80 mg/g. The sorption equilibrium time was 2 h and the optimum pH for quantitative ferric iron retention was 2.0. The relatively selective factor (k′) of Fe3+ to other metal ions was greater than 1. At the same time, the regenerative adsorption properties of the materials were also stable, and the performance was still stable after repeated use of ten times. The IIP could be repeatedly used with high selectivity and stability for Fe(Ⅲ).
  • Study on the adsorption properties of malachite green in waste water by attapulgite microspheres
    YAN Shu, PAN Yiming, WANG Qinggang, WANG Lu, HUO Wenlong, LIU Jingjing, ZHANG Zaijuan, YANG Jinlong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3092-3096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.014
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    In this paper, attapulgite microspheres were prepared by spray drying method and calcination subsequently. The effects of calcining temperature, microsphere dosage, contact time and concentration of dye on the adsorption properties of malachite green were investigated systematically. Results show that the fibrous and fold microstructure could be seen on the surface of the porous microspheres, and was mainly composed of palygorskite. The adsorption capacity of malachite green for microspheres increased firstly (500-700 ℃) and then declined (800-1 000 ℃) with the calcination temperature increasing. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of malachite green for microspheres treated after 600 ℃ was 95.45 mg/g and 95.5%, respectively. The adsorption capacity of malachite green increased with the amount of microspheres and original concentration of the dye increasing, and the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
  • Microstructure evolution process of die-upset magnets with mixed powder of lean rare earth-iron-boron alloy and Nd67Cu33 and its effects on coercivity of the magents
    CHEN Bing, JIANG Meiqin, XIAO Huiyun, PAN Jing, LIU Xincai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3097-3102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.015
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    The flakes of both Nd11.5Fe81.8B6.0Nb0.7and Nd67Cu33were prepared respectively at argon atmosphere within vacuum induction furnace. The mixed powder with 0, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% Nd67Cu33 were hot-pressed and then die-upset. The microstructure evolution process of the die-upset magnets during the deformation and its effect on their coercivity have been discussed. The results show that when the deformation is increased from zero to 30%, the grain size of α-Fe with neighbouring Nd-Cu particles decreases, the rich-rare earth phase appears locally, and the rare-earth content of 2:14:1 partly compensates. The volume fraction of α-Fe in the magnets is reduced. And the exchange-spring effect is strengthened. So the coercive forces of the magnets are raised as the deformation increases. If it further does, the local rich-rare-earth phase disappears in the magnets with both 2:14:1 and α-Fe phase at last, and their grain sizes will enlarge. As soon as the α-Fe grain size is above the critical exchange-spring one, its effect of the whole die-upset magnets will deteriorate. And the contribution of 2:14:1 with the larger grain size to the coercivity will fall. So the coercivity of the whole magnets will sharply cut down as the deformation further increases. At the deformation 70%, although the equivalent-average grain size is increased as the content of Nd67Cu33 increasing, the coercivity of the die-upset magnets is still gone up. For the phenomena occur successively, α-Fe disappears, the rich-rare-earth gain boundary phase appears and its volume fraction increases, which enhances the magnetically decoupling.
  • Influence of CrCl3 doping on vanadium-titanium catalysts for selective catalytic reduction
    DUAN Jingwei, WANG Xuetao, ZHANG Fushun, LIU Jianguang, CHEN Jiangtao, CUI Jianfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3103-3108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.016
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    Vanadium-titanium based commerce SCR catalyst is doped with different concentration CrCl3 by volume impregnation method. By applying SCR denitration activity test, XRD, BET, XPS, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, etc technologies, the catalyst was characterized. The research shows that Cr supported on the TiO2 becomes higher monodisperse status and amorphous crystal status. Nevertheless, the denitration efficiency of catalyst loaded Cr compound rises 7% during 200-500 ℃ reaction temperature area. The denitration efficiency becomes higher as the molar ratios of Cr/V increasing at low temperature, while these catalysts have a great deal of wider and steadier reaction temperature area at high temperature. The unit surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of the catalysts become a bit bigger when loaded with Cr. The number and density of active center on weak acid sites of the catalysts increase with the increase of Cr content. In commerce catalyst, the vanadium element exists mainly in V(Ⅳ) valence. With the increase of Cr/V molar ratio, the proportion of V(Ⅳ) in the catalyst decreases and the proportion of V(Ⅴ) increases. Cr element mainly exists as +3 valence state when this commerce catalyst is doped with Cr compound.
  • W/Cu plasma facing component for fusion device
    CHONG Fali, ZHOU Zhangjian, CHEN Junling, CHEN Yong, YU Fuwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3109-3112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.017
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    In this paper, the fabricating technology of tungstsen plasma facing material, such as plasma spraying technology, powder metallurgy with dispersed TiC or La2O3, and resistance sintering under ultra-high pressure and as well as the micro-structure and main performances of tungsten plasma facing materials were introduced. The results indicated that the columnar crystals can enhance the heat transfer capacity, with the low porosity of 7.4% and the thermal conductivity of 80 W/(m·K), and tungsten coating can withstand the heat flux of 10 MW/m2. No crack or hole appeared on the cross section and surface of five layered W/Cu gradient composites, exhibiting excellent thermodynamic properties. Both of TiC and La2O3 particles can enhance the strength of tungsten because of pinning effect. The low grain boundary force and brittleness of tungsten plasma facing materials have been greatly desreased, and the properties of tungsten alloys have been improved.
  • Studies on preparation and performance of poly(lactic acid) ultrafiltration
    GAO Dasheng, JIA Hongyu, XIONG Shuang, XU Xinyu, LIU Ningning
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3113-3117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.018
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    Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ultrafiltration membranes modified by montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles were fabricated via phase inversion method. The influences of MMT nanoparticles on the structure and performances of the membranes were investigated by water contact angle measurement, porosity and mean pore size measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), filtration and fouling experiments. The results revealed that the hydrophilicity of the composite membrane surface was improved significantly, and the porosity and mean pore size increased after MMT nanoparticles were added. When the mass fraction of MMT nanoparticle was 0.2%, the surface of the composite membrane surface was smoother than that of pure membrane, the size of finger-like cavities increased, the thermal stability increased, the pure water flux reached the maximum value with 450 L/(m2·h), the flux recovery ratio reached up to 95.1% and the antifouling property was the best. While excessive dosage of MMT nanoparticles will significantly increase the viscosity of casting solution, and make the aggregation of nanoparticles, resulting in the poor performance of the PLA membrane.
  • Preparation of hydrophobic silica aerogel and its application in cotton fabrics
    ZHANG Xuanyu, XU Lihui, SHEN Yong, WANG Liming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3118-3123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.019
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    Bulk hydrophobic SiO2 aerogels were synthesized via sol-gel method by ambient pressure drying with methyltrimethoxysilane as precursor and methanol as solvent. A super-hydrophobic cotton fabric was prepared by coating the mixture of SiO2 aerogel and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) onto cotton fabric. The effects of different conditions on the gelation time, density and porosity were discussed, and the optimum process was obtained. The surface morphology and wetting properties of the SiO2 aerogel and coated cotton fabric were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurement. The water contact angle of the prepared bulk SiO2 aerogels was 151.0°, which achieved super-hydrophobic effect and had three-dimensional continuous porous microstructure. The contact angle of cotton fabric treated with PDMS/SiO2 aerogel mixture was 155.4°. And the surface of the treated cotton fabric was covered with a large amount of SiO2 aerogels. The super-hydrophobic effect was achieved by the synergy between low surface energy characteristic of PDMS and the three-dimensional network micro-rough structure of SiO2 aerogels, and the crosslinking of aerogels and textile by PDMS.
  • The study of hydroxyapatite nanobelts using as drug carriers for proteins
    XU Yong, AN Liang, ZENG Danlin, CHEN Lianlian, LI Wang, WANG Guanghui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3124-3129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.020
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    In the absence of any template reagents, uniform hydroxyapatite nanobelts (HNBs) were successfully fabricated via a hydrothermal method, which were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The HNBs were then tested as protein drug carriers by investigating their protein adsorption/release properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) under different conditions. It shows that the adsorption property of HNBs is influenced by pH value, concentration of PO3-4 and ionic strength. The adsorption process of BSA on HNBs can be described by the pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic equation, which is in accordance with Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. In addition, the BSA-loaded HNBs show a protein sustained release behavior in vitro.
  • The immobilization and catalytic performance of α-amylase in mesoporous SBA-15
    MENG Fanrong, ZHANG Yucang, DING Chunhua, WANG Guoqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3130-3135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.021
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    As biocatalyst, enzymes usually react efficiently under the normal temperature and pressure. However, the mild reaction conditions limit its development and utilization to some extent. In this paper, α-amylase was immobilized on the synthesized mesoporous SBA-15 (SBA-15/αAMS). The immobilized conditions such as adsorption time, pH as well as the concentration of α-amylase solution were optimized. The catalytic performances, storage stability, reusability of SBA-15/αAMS and ions effect on its relative activity were also investigated. Experimental results show that the optimal conditions to support are t=4 h and pH=5 in ice-water bath. The adsorption amounts increase with the increase of concentration of enzyme solution which varies from 0.4-1.5 mg/mL. Compared with free α-amylase, the immobilized one’s heat and acid resistance as well as its storage stability and reusability are enhanced. In addition, Ca2+ improved the activity of SBA-15/αAMS. The XRD, SEM and TEM analysis confirmed that α-amylase entered into the pore of SBA-15 and immobilized on it successfully.
  • Properties research of carbon nanotube aerogels/natural rubber composites
    HE Yan, CUI Lianlei, ZHU Shengkun, GUO Chang, JING Chengwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3136-3139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.022
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    Carbon nanotube aerogel is a kind of carbon nanotube with dispersed properties. In this paper, carbon nanotube aerogels were prepared by independent research and development. The carbon nanotube aerogels/natural rubber composites were prepared by traditional crafts. The mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of the as-prepared composites were studied. The results suggest that the tensile strength, tear strength and thermal conductivity of the composites are 47%, 52% and 49.9%, respectively higher than those of the carbon black/natural rubber composites, and reveal the good dispersion characteristics and broad application prospects of the carbon nanotube aerogels.
  • Modification of polyethylene film by lecithin and analysis of surface properties
    LIAO Zhusheng, WANG Liqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3140-3145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.023
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    A method to modify polyethylene film with lecithin by UV cross-linking was devised in this paper. The property of hydrophilicity and anti-protein adhesion are improved for the modified PE film. First, single factor experiments for the hydrophilicity of modified PE films were used to investigate the influence of PC concentration, photoinitiator type, vacuum drying time and UV irradiation time. Then orthogonal experiment is used to optimize the process. The results show that PC concentration has the greatest effect on hydrophilicity, followed by vacuum drying time, light time and photoinitiator type. The optimum conditions are as follows: PC concentration 5wt%, vacuum drying 60 min, UV light 45 min, photoinitiator ITX 3wt%. The contact angle of the modified PE film was reduced from 88° to less than 4°. Surface morphology and surface chemical composition were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ ATR) and scanning electron microscopy (TEM). It proves that there is a layer of lecithin on the surface of modified PE film. An effective new device called 80 ° slanting device was used to test the property of anti-protein adhesion. It was found that the adhesion of modified PE film to soybean protein solution, bovine serum albumin solution and pure milk got reduced by 51%, 75% and 87%, respectively, which indicated the property of anti-protein adhesion was significantly improved. In the persistence test, the modified PE film was exposed to air for 10 days and the contact angle increased by only 7 °.It shows that the surface property of modified PE film gets good stability.
  • Research on acoustic emission characteristics of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy during tensile process
    XING Hongyan, ZHANG Xupeng, QI Gang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3146-3151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.024
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    The tensile process of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) in austenitic state was monitored by acoustic emission (AE) technology. The mesomechanics behaviors such as martensitic transformation and plastic deformation were analyzed by acoustic emission characteristic. The results showed that the activity of acoustic emission source was the strongest during martensitic transformation, while the activity was poor during plastic deformation. The ringing count and duration of acoustic emission signals generated by martensitic transformation were less than 100 times and1 000 μs respectively, while the highest ringing count and duration of acoustic emission signals generated by plastic deformation reached to 800 times and 4 000 μs respectively. The results about the rise time-duration correlation analysis showed that the acoustic emission source could be divided into martensitic transformation and plastic deformation. And the AE source could be divided into martensite transformation, plastic deformation developing and yield fracture using the correlation analysis of counts-amplitude method.
  • Preparation and properties of stretchable conductive wires based on liquid metal
    ZHOU Youlin, LIU Yiwei, GUO Zhiyong, SUN Dandan, YAO Yuming, LI Runwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3152-3155. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.025
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    Room temperature liquid metal, GaInSn alloy, was prepared by heating in water bath, and then was injected into TPE tubes for fabricating stretchable conductive wires. Component and freezing temperature of liquid metal were characterized by EDS and DSC, respectively, and electrical performances of stretchable conductive wires were tested by four-points method. The results show that liquid metal is composed of gallium, indium and tin with weight ratio of 67.3:19.2:13.5. It has a low freezing temperature (-1.4 ℃) and a high electric conductivity (2.89×104 S/cm). Electric resistance of stretchable conductive wires increases by 1.6 Ω at a stain of 200%, and keeps stable at tensile speed from 100 to 1 000 mm/min. The electric resistance increases by just 0.021 Ω after the tension trials by loading and unloading for 200 cycles. The experimental results show that stretchable conductive wires have an application potentiality in flexible electric devices.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and characterization of functional zinc metal organic skeleton
    LI Xiangpeng, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Wen, GAO Yan, YUE Pan, LI Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3156-3159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.026
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    In this study, the organic framework of zinc base metal with higher specific surface area (MOF-5) and functional zinc base metal organic matrix materials (EDA/MOF-5) modified by ethylenediamine (EDA) were prepared by hydrothermal method. The structure and properties were characterized by using XRD,FT-IR,SEM and TG, and the adsorption properties of Congo red dyes were discussed. The results showed that MOF-5 and EDA/MOF-5 were successfully prepared. It can be seen from SEM that the addition of ethylenediamine has changed the morphology structure of MOF-5. The thermal stability of EDA/MOF-5 is similar with MOF-5. The adsorption performance of EDA/MOF-5 was significantly higher than that of MOF-5.
  • Effect of cordierite supported Fe-Ni-based catalysts on synthesis of C2 hydrocarbons from syngas
    ZHANG Panpan, LUO Xuegang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3160-3166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.027
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    A series of Fe-Ni based catalysts loaded with different nickel content were prepared by impregnation method with cordierite as carrier. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX and XPS methods. It was found that Fe-Ni- based catalyst with the best dispersivity had an obviously effects on the synthesis of C2 hydrocarbon when the loading of Ni content was 0.6wt%. In addition, the effects of the reaction temperature, space velocity and H2/CO molar ratio on the synthesis of C2 hydrocarbons were also discussed in detail. The catalytic performance for syngas was investigated in a continuous tube furnace under reaction conditions of H2/CO=2, GHSV=2 800 mL/g cat-h, and 450 ℃. The results showed that the selectivity of C2 hydrocarbon and conversion of carbon monoxide was up to 37.7% and 58.5%, respectively, and ethylene selectivity was up to 26.6%, which showed excellent catalytic synthesis effect. In summary, Fe-Ni-based catalyst had high catalytic effect on synthesis of C2 hydrocarbons and ethylene from syngas, which laid the foundation of reference for the industrial synthesis of ethylene and C2 hydrocarbon.
  • Electrical properties of ethylene carbazole grafted polyethylene with different processes
    ZHANG Wenlong, GAO Liping, DAI Yajie, MA Zhenqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3167-3170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.028
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    Vinyl carbazole (VK) grafted polyethylene (VK-g-LDPE) was prepared using melting method in the rheometer in this paper. The electrical properties of ethylene carbazole grafted polyethylene with different content of vinyl carbazole were studied. The results show that with the increase of VK content, the inhibition of internal space charge the breakdown field strength and the volume resistivity of VK-g-LDPE increase first and then decrease, compared with those of pure LDPE. When the VK content is 12.6%, the space charge inhibition of VK-g-LDPE material is the best, which decreases by 94.8%. When the VK content is 13.5%, the breakdown field strength is 50.24 kV/mm, which increases by 62.9%. When the content of VK is 10.1%, the volume resistivity is 4.53 × 1015 Ω ·m, which is 2.7 times of original value.
  • Preparation of CoAl-LDH hexagonal nanosheet with superior electrochemical performance for supercapacitor
    ZHANG Gaini, REN Lijun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3171-3174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.029
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    CoAl-LDH nanosheet electrode material with better dispersity and uniformity in size (about 2 μm) is prepared by a facile coprecipitation method. The result of electrochemical measurements in three-electrode configuration shows that the CoAl-LDH nanosheet electrode exhibits the specific capacitance of 723 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and the capacitance retention rate up to 72% when the current density increases to 20 A/g. The CoAl-LDH nanosheet electrode material is expected to be the optional electrode material of high performance supercapacitor.
  • The process and properties of electro-polishing NiTi alloy in sulfuric acid-ethylene glycol mixed solution
    HE Daihua, ZHANG Miao, LIU Ping, LIU Xinkuan, LIU Fengyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3175-3181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.030
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    A safe and stable electro-polished solution containing concentrated sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol was investigated in this paper, which can be used to electro-polish NiTi alloy. The effects of different conditions on the microstructure and surface roughness of the electro-polished samples were investigated by changing the concentration of sulfuric acid, the electro-polishing voltage and temperature. The trend of the corrosion resistance and the radial force about electro-polished samples and the ground samples was investigated as well. The results show that the best electro-polishing condition was 7 mol/L concentrated sulfuric acid, 10 V voltage and 20 ℃, respectively, which got the minimum surface roughness(112.9 nm) of the electro-polished samples. While the corrosion resistance could be improved obviously after electro-polishing by forming the passivation layer and the radial force was also controlled effectively by electro-polishing.
  • Microstructure and properties of silicon carbide foam by infiltration sintering process
    TIAN Chong, CAO Xiaoming, YANG Zhenming, YANG Yongjin, ZHANG Jinsong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3182-3186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.031
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    Open-cell silicon carbide (SiC) foams with high performance were prepared from aqueous slurry by the organic foam impregnation and infiltration reaction sintering process with polyurethane sponges as the substrates.SiC ceramic struts formed a three-dimensional network connected structure similar to foam.The cells in the foams are randomly oriented, and mostly homogeneous in size and shape. Average pore size is about 2 mm. Controllable relative densities varied fromabout 15vol% to about 42vol%, which leaded to compressive strengths of SiC foams ranged betweenabout 11 MPa to about 50 MPa and flexural strengths varied from about 7 MPa to about 25 MPa. Deformation behavior of the SiC foams was investigated. When SiC foams were deformed, the stress-strain curve showed approximately only one linear-elastic region and this was different from those of ceramic foams reported. This is possible because of the struts with fine microstructure had high density and high strength. Therefore, the SiC foams are uniform and the struts could response homogeneously to load transmitted through the foams. The thermal conductivity measurement indicated that the materials had excellent thermal conductivity properties and the materials could be processed into a complex shape that could be adapted to a variety of application requirements.
  • Study on preparation and hygroscopicity of PBS/ash wood wood-plastic composite materials
    GUO Zihao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3187-3191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.032
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    Wood-plastic composite made of biodegradable butanediol diacetate (PBS) and ash wood chips was successfully prepared by double screw extruder and injection molding machine. In this paper, the interface adhesion and wood chip embedding in wood-plastic composites were studied by scanning electron microscope. The tensile and flexural strength and thermodynamic properties of PBS and wood-plastic composites were tested by electronic universal testing machine and differential thermal analyzer. Results show that the interface compatibility of ash wood chips and PBS is good, which significantly improves the mechanical performance. Tensile strength and flexural strength of the composites with 30wt% sawdust can reach 74.4 and 114.4 MPa. The water absorption rate of composites with 30wt% sawdust can be up to 4.5%, then the tensile strength and flexural strength of the materials decrease by 32.1% and 13.4% respectively, reaching 50.5 and 99.0 MPa. This may be due to the plasticizing effect of water and the interface stress caused by the inconsistent expansion coefficients of the wood particles and PBS.
  • Synthesis and characterization of Co particle with FCC structure
    ZHAO Yanqiu, LI Ying, LI Shitai, SUN Jibing, QIN Xiaoning, BIAN Lupeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3192-3196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.033
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    Pure fcc-Co was successfully synthesized by a novel sodium formate reduction method. The effect of the concentration of Co2+ on phase structure, morphology and magnetic properties of Co particles was investigated by using XRD, TEM and VSM. The pure Co without any impurity is found to stabilize always in fcc structure when the concentration of Co2+ varies from 0.012 mol/L to 0.108 mol/L. The Co particles exhibit an excellent soft magnetic property, i.e., Ms=163.8 A·m2/kg and Hci=10.4 A/m, at the Co2+ concentration of 0.108 mol/L. Moreover, it is revealed that the formation of pure fcc-Co is mainly attributed to the moderate reduction rate (about 0.014 mol/(L·h)) using sodium formate as the reducing agent and slow cooling rate during the reaction.
  • Synthesis and characterization of liquid crystals compounds containing epoxy groups
    SUN Ruyue, XIE Jianqiang, LI Xue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3197-3202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.034
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    Three kinds of end group with double bonds (Ⅳm) were synthesized by esterification reaction, etherification reaction and hydrolysis reaction, using methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate as the main raw material. And the double bonds were oxidized by 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid as an oxidizing agent to get three kinds of epoxy-functional groups liquid crystal monomers (Ⅴm). The molecular structures of the liquid crystal monomers were characterized by Fourier infrared absorption spectrometer (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the target product was identified. The performance of the product was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal polarizing microscope (POM). The results shows that all the products were with the correct molecular structure and had liquid crystal properties under certain conditions with enantiotropic nematic mesophase.
  • Effect of substrate temperature and annealing on InAs quantum dots grown by droplet epitaxy
    XU Xiaoxiao, GUO Xiang, WANG Yi, LUO Zijiang, YANG Chen, YANG Xiaoshan, ZHANG Zhihuan, LIU Jian, DING Zhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3203-3206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.035
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    InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by indium droplet epitaxy at different substrate temperatures, without or with annealing are reported in this work. At last, a physical model is build. Indium droplets form quantum wires (QWs) along the [11-0] direction at first, then divide into short parts to maintain the minimum surface energy, and these parts become the nuclei of quantum dots. While substrate temperature increases from 460 to 480 ℃, parts coming from the quantum wires become more as well as QDs, at the same time, the number of QWs decreases, which leads to the increase of nanostructure’s average height from 4.09 to 4.58 nm. After the annealing introduced to the experiment under the condition of substrate temperature 480 ℃, QDs are the only nanostructure in the scanning area with its average height increases to 8.56 nm. It can be speculated that the growth of InAs quantum dots by indium droplet epitaxy is a progress which form QWs at first, then QWs divide into short parts capturing atoms absorbed to the edge of steps because of the influence of the Ehrlich-Schwoebel barriers (ES barriers) to form QDs. Also, the introduction of annealing will promote the QW-to-QDs transformation, and improve the uniformity of QDs’ size. At last, a physical model is build according to the analysis above.
  • Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous Ce1-xZrxO2 materials by homogeneous coprecipitation
    LIU Zhigang, XIE Pengchao, YANG Lirong, WANG Guanghao, FENG Xiaoxin, SUN Ruijing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3207-3212. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.036
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    The Ce1-xZrxO2 (x=0.1-0.4) materials with mesoporous structure were prepared by homogeneous coprecipitation method, using cerium nitrate and zirconium nitrate as raw materials, urea as the precipitant and CTAB as the template. The crystal structure, micromorphology and pore structure of the samples were characterized by XRD, Raman spetra, BET, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the main crystalline phase of the prepared Ce1-xZrxO2 materials is of FCC structure. With the increasing of Zr4+ doping content, the crystal cell parameter decreased gradually and the BET specific surface area showed a tendency to increase firstly and then decreased steadily. The BET specific surface area of the Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 sample increased gradually with the increase of CTAB concentration, but reduces with the increase of calcination temperature. When the Zr4+ molar content was 10%, CTAB concentration was 0.024 mol/L and calcination temperature was 500 ℃, the prepared Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 particles were of spherical in shape and about 200 nm in diameter, and the BET specific surface area reaches to 94.82 m2/g.
  • Controllable preparation and slow release property of millimeter-scale calcium alginate gel capsules with a aqueous core
    GUO Qing, WANG Jing, HUANG Leping, DENG Qiaoling, ZHU Yanting, ZHAO Jinchao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(3): 3213-3220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.03.037
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    The millimeter-scale calcium alginate gel capsules were prepared by orifice-bath coagulation method with sodium alginate as wall materials and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as core materials. The effects of sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration and velocity ratio of core and wall solution on capsule morphology, diameter, membrane thickness, mechanical property and slow release property were investigated systematically by Duncan’s test and orthogonal test. The results show that capsules having good roundness and ultrathin membranes are successfully prepared by adjusting the technological parameters. The capsule diameters gradually decrease with the sodium alginate concentration increasing, but increase with the increasing of calcium chloride concentration and velocity ratio of core and wall solution. The velocity ratio of core and wall solution has significant effect on capsule diameters. The capsule diameters can be controllably adjusted in 3.0 -4.0 mm. The crush strength of capsules can be enhanced by increasing of membrane thickness and cross-link degree. The release process of B4BD in capsules presents a good fit to first-order release kinetic equation. The millimeter-scale calcium alginate gel capsules have good application prospect in the field of food, medicine, health, textile, etc.
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