30 June 2019, Volume 50 Issue 6
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
  • Research progress of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)
    ZHANG Peng, LIU Guangqiang, GUO Jing, ZHOU Xia, CAI Weiping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6001-6007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Due to carbon based materials have good mechanical properties, chemisorption performance, and structural stability, and etc, more and more attention has been paid for scientific research workers, and they have shown great application value in many aspects. In this review, the new application for carbon based materials was focused on, that was as substrate for surface enhanced Raman scattering. The mechanism of enhancement was illustrated and the application prospect in this field was forecasted.
  • Study on the preparation and characterization of CNTs modified expanded graphite/paraffin composite PCM
    REN Xueming, SHEN Honglie, YANG Yan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6008-6012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.002
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    In order to fabricate expanded graphite/paraffin (EG/PA) composite PCM with high latent heat and high thermal conductivity,the CNTs modified EG/PA composite PCM was prepared by vacuum impregnation method. The thermal conductivity analysis showed that the doping of CNTs in the composite PCM could significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM when the paraffin mass fraction was high. Also, the thermal conductivity of the CNTs modified composite PCM increased with the CNTs doping amount. However, the growth trend of the thermal conductivity could be slow when the doping amount of CNTs exceed 0.8wt%. The optimized CNTs doping amount was found to be 0.8wt%. Under the optimized parameter, the latent heat of the composite PCM varied from 145.27 to 144.39 J/g, while the thermal conductivity of which increased from 2.141 to 4.106 W/(m·K). Moreover, the CNTs modified EG/paraffin composite PCM could maintain good thermal storage capability after 100 times heating and cooling cycles, which indicated that the CNTs modified composite PCM had good thermal cycle stability.
  • Sponge/carbon black-borates/silicone rubber composite with ultra-high dielectric constant
    ZHANG Hong, MA Chuanguo, HUANG Ting, DAI Peibang, ZHANG Jian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6013-6018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.003
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    Melamine sponge (MS)/conductive carbon black-borates (CB@B) compound (MS/CB@B) were prepared by impregnation method, and then infused by silicone rubber (SR) to obtain the MS/CB@B/SR composite. The chemical composition and microstructure of the composites were characterized by XRD and SEM, and the conductivity, dielectric properties, pressure sensitive behaviors and microwave absorbing properties were tested. It was found that the CB@B compound had constructed a three-dimensional percolation network inside the composite using MS template with the conductive percolation threshold of 1.48vol%. CB and B had a significant synergistic effect on improving the properties of the composite. With the increase of CB concentration, the conductivity and dielectric constant of the composites increased gradually. At the CB concentration of 14 mg/mL, the composite had the volume resistivity of 6.7×104 Ω·cm, and an ultra-high dielectric constant of 1.67×104 at 1 kHz. The composite with sample thickness of 3 mm showed the excellent microwave absorbing performance with the strongest absorption peak of -33.17 dB at 30.97 GHz and the absorption bandwidth of 5.38 GHz. At the CB concentration of 10 mg/mL, the resistance and dielectric constant of the composite also exhibited high compressive strain sensitivity.
  • Preparation and performance test of novel Cu-IPMC and its application in software drive
    YANG Jing, TIAN Aifen, ZHANG Dongsheng, ZHANG Fuqiang, LI Zezhou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6019-6022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.004
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    For the coming unmanned era, many scholars are using ionic polymer-metal composite material (IPMC) as the soft driving material to study the soft robot. At present, platinum electrodes are basically used to prepare IPMC, but platinum electrodes are very expensive. Therefore, the use of cheaper copper to prepare new IPMC was explored in this paper. Copper-type ionic polymer-metal composite (Cu-IPMC) was first prepared by electroless plating method, then its displacement and force output were tested. The results show that the withstand voltage of Cu-IPMC could reach 10 V, which was far exceeding that of Pt-IPMC. Compared to the traditional Pt-IPMC, the force output was also improved up to 17 mN. The maximum displacement was up to 30 mm. Through the research in this paper, the basis for the application of Cu-IPMC to replace the traditional Pt-IPMC in soft driving was provided.
  • Research progress of metal matrix nanocomposites
    TIAN Yaqin, ZHU Shuhao, ZHANG Xiaoping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6023-6027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.005
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    Metal matrix nanocomposites have been paid more and more attention because of their excellent properties and unique structure. It has become a hot spot in the field of material research and has been widely used. In this paper, the common metal based nanocomposites were classified according to different standards. The characteristics and advantages of metal based nanomaterials in mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, magnetic, chemical and other aspects were described. The commonly preparation methods for metal matrix composites were introduced. The application, research hotspots and difficulties were analyzed, and the contents and directions of future research were proposed.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of biomass-derived carbon material
    LU Qingjie, ZHOU Shiqiang, CHEN Mingpeng, ZHANG Jin, LIU Qingju
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6028-6037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.006
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    In this review, the structures of different dimension biomass-derived carbon materials were introduced, and the preparation methods and their advantages and disadvantages were reviewed. Meanwhile, the applications of biomass-derived carbon material in supercapacitors and ion batteries were concluded. Moreover, the improvement of the carbon material structure and properties was analyzed, and the kinds of doped atoms were also summarized. Finally, the development and application trends of biomass-derived carbon material were prospected.
  • Recent advances of broadband and thin microwave absorbing materials for low frequency
    ZHANG Zhao, WANG Feng, ZHANG Xinquan, LI Wei, GUAN Jianguo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6038-6045. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.007
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    The rapid development of electronic devices, wireless communication technologies and low frequency Radar systems bring forward requirements on broadband thin microwave absorbers working at low frequencies. However, existing microwave absorbers are usually of poor performance in low frequency waveband. In recent years, considerable efforts were made on high performance low frequency microwave absorbers by researchers all over the world. These efforts focus on various high magnetic permeability absorbents for thin absorbing coatings, and the emerging metamaterial absorbers. This paper is devoted to cover the main progress on the above aspects.
  • Molecular dynamics simulation of shear properties of magnetorheological fluids
    WANG Zhaoxuan, DING Jianguo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6046-6051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.008
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    Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a new type of material with high efficiency and controllability. It has a broad application prospect to study the mechanism of MRF. At present, there are few studies on the multifactor analysis of magnetorheological shear properties. In this paper, the LAMMPS molecular dynamics method was used to establish the micro-model of magnetorheological fluids (MRF), and the interaction between magnetic particles was analyzed. The two-dimensional numerical simulation of the shear process of MRF was carried out, and the main factors affecting the shear yield stress were analyzed comprehensively. The simulation results show that magnetic particles would form several long chain structures along the direction of the magnetic field, and the chains would deform, tilt or even break under the shear action. When the particle volume fraction increased, the shear yield stress increased linearly. When the magnetic field strength was low, the shear yield stress increased rapidly with the increase of the magnetic field strength. When the magnetic field strength was high, the shear yield stress increased slowly with the increase of the magnetic field strength. In a certain range, the larger the radius of particles or the concentration of particle size distribution, the greater the shear yield stress. With the increase of simulated temperature, the shear yield strength first kept stable, and then decreased gradually.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on the microstructure of dispersion-strengthened Pt-10Rh alloys at high temperature
    LI Feng, YANG Xiaoliang, TANG Huiyi, WU Baoan, CHENG Xiaoli, LUO Weifan, WAN Weijian, XI Mingze, WANG Guisheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6052-6055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.009
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    The microstructure of Pt-10Rh alloys and dispersion-strengthened Pt-10Rh alloys were observed by metallographic microscope and SEM. The results show that the grain sizes of Pt-10Rh alloys grew heavily and they had low high temperature sustaining strength. But dispersion-strengthened Pt-10Rh alloys had distributed strengthened zirconia particles, which could reduce the defect of grain boundary, improve the bonding strength of grain boundary, reduce the diffusion rate of grain boundary, slow down dislocation climbing, and effectively prevent grain growth and grain boundary sliding, thus improving the strength and service life of the material.
  • Study on adsorption of lead ions by phosphogypsum/fly ash composite powder
    JIA Zilong, LIU Zhihong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6056-6060. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.010
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    In this study, phosphogypsum was mixed with fly ash. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determined that the adsorption rate of lead ions was the best when the ratio of the two was 1:1, and the adsorption rate reached 74.03%. By grinding and calcining the mixture with the best mixing ratio, the adsorption rate could reach 93.38%. The effect of pH value, temperature, adsorbent dosage and adsorption time on lead ion adsorption was studied. Results show that the optimal adsorption pH was 7, the adsorption equilibrium time was 30 min, the saturated adsorption capacity was 15.588 mg/g. Under the condition, adverse effect would not be produced below 125 ℃. Adsorption kinetics followed a quasi-second order kinetics model.
  • Effect of surfactant on electrochemical properties of nano-sized ZnS electrode materials
    WANG Ansong, CHEN Xiujuan, ZHOU Pengcheng, ZHANG Penglin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6061-6065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.011
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    Nano-sized ZnS electrode materials were synthesized by solvent thermal method through the modification of the surfactant of PVP. The results of XRD, SEM and TEM showed that the crystallinity of modified nano-sized ZnS were significantly improved and the crystal structure were more completed. The grain sizes of the modified product were more uniform, the spherical morphology was more completed, and the phenomenon of the agglomeration was significantly improved. The electrochemical performances of the modified ZnS products were evaluated as the anode materials for lithium ion batteries. PVP-modified ZnS exhibited improved cycling stability with the initial reversible capacity of 557.7 mAh/g. After 50 cycles, the reversible specific capacity remained 420 mAh/g, which was significantly higher than that of ZnS electrode materials before the modification.
  • Study on structure, dielectric properties and magnetic phase transition of multiferroic SmFe1-xCrxO3 ceramics
    SONG Guilin, FANG Songke, TONG Jinshan, LYU Shiying, SU Jian, ZHANG Na
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6066-6074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.012
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    Sm1-xCrxFeO3 (x=0-0.3) ceramics were prepared by the sol-gel method. Effects of Cr doping on the crystal structure, dielectric properties and high temperature magnetic phase transitions of SFO were investigated. XRD pattern analysis shows that the main diffraction peaks of all the samples were agree with the standard SFO spectra and had a fine crystal structure. Cr3+ doping resulted in the cell volume to shrink, causing its main diffraction peak to move in the direction of the larger diffraction angle (θ). The dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanδ) of SmFeO3 gradually decreased with the increase of Cr3+. The variation of εr with f and x was mainly the result of both the IBLC microscopic mechanism and the dipole oriented polarization mechanism, and the dielectric loss (tanδ) was mainly caused by the electric conduction current. And found that the dielectric loss peak of SmFe1-xCrxO3 migrated to the high frequency direction with the increase of doping amount. The M-H of SmFeO3 at room temperature showed a butterfly-shaped hysteresis loop. The butterfly-shaped hysteresis loop disappeared with the increase of x and the magnetic properties also gradually weakened. In a M-T relationship with an applied magnetic field of 79 600 A/m, TSR and TN decreased from 462 and 687 K to 428 and 536 K with increasing x, respectively. This was mainly due to Cr3+ doping to distort the lattice of SmFeO3, forming Fe3+-O2--Cr3+ exchange, destroying the antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe3+-O2--Fe3+ and leading to the weakening of the stability of the G-type antiferromagnetic structure of SFO. Macroscopically, the ferromagnetism of SFO decreased and the magnetic transition temperatures TSR and TN decreased.
  • Preparation and properties of recycled aggregate high strength concrete
    ZHOU Heipie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6075-6078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.013
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    The concrete was prepared by replacing the fine natural aggregate with fine recycled aggregate as raw material. The concrete specimens with different substitution ratio and different water/cement (W/C) mixing ratio were prepared and evaluated, and the processability, density, compressive strength and electrical conductivity were evaluated. The results showed that the ratio of water/cement ratio and fine recycled aggregate to fine natural aggregate had no effect on the processability of concrete specimens, and could both meet the requirements of concrete slump. But when water/cement ratio of W/C was 0.35 and the best replacement ratio of fine recycled aggregate and natural aggregate was 50%, the density of A50 concrete specimens was higher, the compressive strength was as high as 61.34 MPa, and the resistivity was 14.08 kΩ·cm, which could meet the strength standard of high strength concrete. Based on the above analysis, the fine recycled aggregate replacement ratio was about 50%, which did not affect the physical, mechanical properties and durability of the concrete specimen, and the quality of the obtained concrete was improved.
  • Fatigue performance of quartz fiber/polyimide composite at elevated temperature
    WANG Jie, ZHOU Wancheng, LUO Fa, ZHU Dongmei, HUANG Zhibin, QING Yuchang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6079-6082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.014
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    The tensile stress-strain behavior and tensile strength of quartz fiber reinforced polyimide matrix (QFRP) composite were measured at room and elevated temperatures. The average tensile strength and elasticity modulus decreased with increasing temperature, and remained 68% and 80% at 300 ℃, respectively. Tension-tension fatigue behavior of a QFRP composite was studied at room and elevated temperatures. At the same cyclic stress level, a longer fatigue life of QFRP composites was obtained at room temperature, compared to elevated temperature. Damage evolution was discussed on the basis of cross-section and mechanical variation. The dominant damage mechanism of warp yarn cracking was mitigated at elevated temperatures as a direct result of resin softening, which was also the case for the fatigue test specimens. This study yielded an improved understanding of damage mechanisms and local deformation behavior for QFRP composite, which was valuable for designers.
  • Low temperature performance of compound modified asphalt with SEBS and rubber powder based on rheology
    MA Feng, DONG Wenhao, FU Zhen, DAI Jiasheng, CHANG Xiaorong, WANG Boya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6083-6087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.015
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    In order to improve the road performance of rubber asphalt in cold regions, SEBS modifier was used to compound the rubber asphalt. The prepared composite modified asphalt with different SEBS content was tested when keeping the rubber powder content unchanged. The low temperature performance of asphalt was tested by bending beam rheometer (BBR), and the creep rate stiffness ratio (m/S) and low temperature continuous grading temperature (TLC) were introduced to evaluate the low temperature performance of composite modified asphalt with different SEBS content. Test results indicate that SEBS modifier could significantly reduce the creep stiffness of asphalt, thus improving the low temperature flexibility of asphalt. And the lower the temperature, the more obvious the improvement was. The flexibility and stress relaxation ability of the composite modified asphalt did not decrease significantly after short-term aging, indicating that the asphalt could maintain good low temperature performance after short-term aging, and SEBS could improve the anti-aging performance of asphalt. After adding SEBS modifier, the m/S value increased and the TLC value decreased significantly. Therefore, SEBS/rubber powder modified asphalt had superior low temperature performance. Through comprehensive comparison, the optimal content of SEBS was 6%.
  • Study on the effect of substrate negative bias voltage on the properties of C∶TiO2 thin films prepared by reaction sputtering using CO2 gas
    YUE Tianfeng, LIU Jiaqi, WEN Feng, MA Yanping, DING Chunhua, JIANG Hong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6088-6094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.016
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    A series of C-doped TiO2 (C∶TiO2) thin films were prepared by changing the negative bias of the substrate, with the method of RF magnetron sputtering and the CO2 gas phase as carbon and oxygen sources. The transmittance of the film was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the band gap was obtained by Tauc method. Raman spectrum and X-ray photoelectron energy spectrum were used to characterize the structure and composition of C∶TiO2 thin film and the chemical bond of elements. The analytic results showed that C∶TiO2 thin film was mainly rutile phase, and the doping of C element was achieved by replacing oxygen element to form Ti—C bond. The photocatalytic degradation experiment of methyl orange showed that the carbon-doped Ti—O film prepared by gas phase CO2 had better photocatalytic activity. With the increase of negative bias value of substrate, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of C∶TiO2 film on methyl orange began to decline after reaching a relative peak. The contact angles of three standard liquids on the surface of the film were tested and the surface energy components were calculated respectively. The results showed that the Lewis acid component in the surface energy of C∶TiO2 film increased significantly after being irradiated by ultraviolet light, which would facilitate effectively the separation of electron-holes.
  • Silver-decorated reduced graphene-Mn3O4 composite based anodes for Mg-air batteries
    LIU Chunhui, LI Xinyu, LI Xiaogan, LIN Shiwei, LI Zhenfeng, CHEN Hande
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6095-6102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.017
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    Two-dimensional Ag-Mn3O4/rGO composites were synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method with manganese acetate, silver acetate and graphene oxide as raw materials. Three composite materials, Mn3O4/rGO, Ag/rGO and Ag-Mn3O4/rGO, were prepared under the same conditions. The morphology of the obtained composite materials was analyzed and the catalytic properties of the three composite materials were compared. Then, the electrode sheets were prepared and the battery performance and stability for long-term were monitored. The final results showed that the catalytic performance of Ag-Mn3O4 and rGO co-doped composites was greatly improved. The oxygen reduction peak shifted positively by 0.15 V and the polarization current increased significantly. The battery stability was great and the open circuit voltage could reach to 1.57 V. The battery could stably work for 500 h and achieved the charging of 18650 lithium battery.
  • Corrosion behavior of reinforcing bar in magnesium phosphate cement based on polarization curve
    LI Jun, LIU Yu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6103-6108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.018
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    The open circuit potential and polarization characteristics of reinforcing bar during corrosion were analyzed and the corrosion behavior of reinforcing bar in magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) was investigated, in which electrochemical workstation was used for comparison of reinforcing bar corrosion behaviors in MPC and ordinary cement. Meanwhile, the corrosion morphology of reinforcing bar in MPC at different ages of concrete was observed under optical microscope. Moreover, the mechanism of resistance of reinforcing bar in MPC to corrosion was explored based on pH changes and polarization curve theory during MPC hydration. Research demonstrated the strong resistance of MPC reinforcing bar to corrosion. There was corrosion behavior within reinforcing bar in MPC, but the corrosion rate was extremely slow. The pH changes of MPC and formation of ammonium phosphate metal complex in weak base environment were thought to be control factors of resistance of reinforcing bar in MPC to corrosion.
  • Preparation, spectral and packaging performance of KMGd(MoO4)3∶Eu3+(M=Ca, Sr) phosphors
    SONG Mingjun, TAI Xishi, ZHANG Nana, WANG Lintong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6109-6115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.019
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    Two kinds of new red phosphors KMGd(MoO4)3∶Eu3+ (M=Ca, Sr) were synthesized by high-temperature solid reaction method and their structure, morphology, concentration and thermal quenching effects, as well as the photoluminescent performance of LED fabricated with them were investigated. The results showed that the KCaGd1-x(MoO4)3∶xEu3+ with all Eu3+ concentrations belonged to tetragonal symmetry with scheelite structure, while the structure of KSrGd1-x(MoO4)3∶xEu3+ changed with the increment of Eu3+ concentration. Both of the phosphors exhibited two intensive absorption bands at 394 and 465 nm, which were consistent with the emission wavelength of commercial InGaN chip. Under the excitation of 394 nm, both of the phosphors showed a dominant emission peak at 616 nm, and the optimum concentrations of Eu3+ ions were 80mol% (M=Ca) and 90mol% (M=Sr) respectively. On the basis of crossover mechanism, the concentration quenching effect was analyzed and the activation energies were 0.246 eV (M=Ca) and 0.250 eV (M=Sr) respectively. The luminescent decay curves of both phosphors exhibited a single exponential behavior and the lifetime was hardly effected by the Eu3+ concentrations.
  • Study on the preparation and wear behavior of graphene nanosheet/PTFE composites
    WANG Yingzhang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6116-6119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.020
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    In this paper, graphene oxide polytetrafluoroethylene composites were prepared with graphene oxide and polytetrafluoroethylene as raw materials. The effects of different graphene oxide content (0, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25wt%) on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and friction and wear properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of composites tended to be disordered with the increase of graphene oxide content in polytetrafluoroethylene. The thermal conductivity of teflon materials would be better and better, and the thermal conductivity would increase gradually. Tensile strength and elongation at break were best when the go content was 0.75wt%. When the graphene oxide content was 1.25wt%, the friction coefficient of teflon material was the smallest, 0.195 and the wear was the lowest, only 37 mg. The carbon structure of the composites changed before and after the wear test. The defects of the composites increased after wear and the degree of graphitization was greatly reduced. The graphene oxide tetrafluoroethylene composite material had better wear resistance.
  • Effect of polymer coating materials on slow release properties of anticoagulant ice agent
    JIN Shuang, ZHAO Su, MA Guangyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6120-6127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.021
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    Anti-freezing additive is a kind of admixture which has the function of removing snow and ice in the asphalt pavement instead of the mineral aggregate with different particle size in the asphalt mixture. Domestic similar products fall short of slow release performance, and generally lack of long-term effect. In order to enhance the sustained release effect of anticoagulant ice cream, in this experiment, the technology of pesticide and chemical fertilizer coating were used. The conditions of coating method, dilution ratio, particle size of large salt and curing temperature were studied, and the following conclusions were drawn: large grain salt with particle size of 4.75-9.5 mm, the dilution ratio between epoxy resin and cyclohexanone of 4∶1, epoxy resin of 30% as curing agent, and curing at 100 ℃. The solution was not add modified salt storage carrier but particle surface was coated with a layer of modified storage carrier. The anticoagulant ice agent prepared under these conditions had a good sustained release effect.
  • Influence of CO2 impurity on hydrogen storage performance of magnesium in incremental pressure and isobaric hydrogenation modes
    LI Xinyuan, JIANG Ruiqian, LIU Xiaojing, LIU Pei, HAN Zongying, ZHOU Shixue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6128-6134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.022
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    Magnesium is one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials for its abundance in resource and high hydrogen capacity. However, the hydrogen absorption is hindered by the dense MgO film on the surface of magnesium particles resulted from the reaction of Mg with CO2 impurity. It is important for hydrogenation operation to investigate the mechanism of the effect of passivating film on hydrogen absorption of magnesium during isobaric and incremental pressure hydrogenation processes. The isothermal measurement shows that in isobaric mode under hydrogen with 1.0 mol% CO2 impurity at 340 ℃ for 5 h, the hydrogen capacity decreased to 2.32wt%. And it decreased to 1.09 wt% in incremental pressure hydrogenation mode. The XRD characterization shows that CO2 reacted with Mg and resulted in crystal MgO in both hydrogenation modes. And the HRTEM observation shows the MgO film tightly adhered to the surface of Mg particles. XPS analysis shows that besides MgO, carbon was formed, and there were C—O and CO groups chemisorbed on the surface of Mg particles. The thermodynamics calculation reveals that in incremental hydrogenation mode, CO2 reacted with Mg to form dense MgO film at pressure below the hydrogen plateau, which prevented Mg from reacting with H2 to form MgH2 at high pressure. In contrast, in isobaric hydrogenation mode, CO2 and H2 competitively reacted with Mg when the initial hydrogen pressure was higher than plateau pressure, and it resulted in higher hydrogen capacity than that in incremental pressure mode.
  • The study on the sintering behavior, phase structure and microwave dielectric properties of 4NiO-B2O3-V2O5 low temperature sintered microwave dielectric ceramics
    LU Chengmin, ZHOU Huanfu, ZHANG Hailin, LI Shixuan, DENG Jiji
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6135-6138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.023
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    4NiO-B2O3-V2O5 microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by a traditional solid phase reaction method using the analytically pure B2O3, V2O5 and NiO as raw materials. The sintering behavior, microstructure, phase transformation and microwave dielectric properties of ceramics were systematically investigated by SEM, XRD and microwave network analyzer. The results showed that 4NiO-B2O3-V2O5 ceramics were multiphase structure. With increasing the sintering temperature from 575 to 675 ℃, the bulk density, Q×f and τf values of ceramics showed a similar trend with increasing firstly and then decreasing, but the εr was always decreasing. As the sintering temperature was 650 ℃, the ceramic exhibited the best microwave dielectric properties of Q×f=19 692 GHz, εr=4.9, τf=-20×10-6/℃. Low sintered temperature and good microwave dielectric properties indicated that 4NiO-B2O3-V2O5 ceramic was a candidate applied in microwave devices, such as filters and resonators.
  • Preparation of Fe3O4 chemically modified electrode and its electrochemical research in ascorbic acid
    DUAN Zhihong, TIAN Zhaohui, SONG Lijun, DENG Min, LU Xiaoying, JIANG Qi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6139-6143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.024
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    In order to understand the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid organic acid detergent for chemical decontamination of nuclear power plant and improve its decontamination effect, the main corrosion product (Fe3O4) in the pipelines of nuclear power plant was made into a chemically modified electrode by the fixing action of Nafion solution in this paper. The electrochemical behavior of Fe3O4 in ascorbic acid was studied by three-electrode system. The effects of scanning speed, solution concentration and reaction type were also investigated. At the same time, tests such as cyclic voltammetry, polarization curves and AC impedance were also performed. The electrochemical behavior of Fe3O4 in ascorbic acid was analyzed and a series of electrochemical data were obtained.
  • Effects of anodic microbial immobilization method on performance of microbial fuel cell
    XING Dajie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6144-6149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.025
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    Abstract: A new method of preparing microbial fuel cell anode by embedding microorganisms in conductive hydrogel was studied.The method could change the population and distribution state of anodic microbial. The anode has been applied in MFC, and better results have been obtained. Its maximum power density and operating voltage (0.243 W/m2,0.350 V) was 89.843% and 16.667% higher than those of the MFC using anode prepared by absorbing method, respectively. While the former's internal resistance (263.780 Ω) was 78.973% lower than the latter. This work may provide a novel anodic microbial enrichment method for improving the performance of MFC.
    • Process & Technology
  • Microstructure and properties of ultra-fined Al-4%Cu alloy via flake powder metallurgy
    WANG Zhizhuo, YUAN Chao, TAN Zhanqiu, ZHEN Quan, FAN Genlian, CHEN Mingliang, LI Zhiqiang, ZHANG Di
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6150-6154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.026
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    In this work, ultrafine-grained Al-4%Cu alloy with balanced strength and ductility has been fabricated using Al and Cu powders via flake powder metallurgy, which included ball-milling of spherical powders to flake powders, balling of mixing flake powders to composite particles, and annealing diffusion alloying. Phase and microstructure evolution during the preparing process of ultra-fined alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, and the mechanical property has been compared with traditional powder metallurgy with spherical Al powders. Results indicate that flake powder metallurgy could achieve the elongated ultrafine-grained structures, and the elongated structure could be retained due to nano-Al2O3 introduced by flake powders. The final Al-4%Cu alloy via flake powder metallurgy had high strength up to 378 MPa and 527 MPa for the yield and ultimate strength, respectively. Meanwhile, a high tensile ductility up to 14.2% could be obtained. The flake powder metallurgy could be used for other alloys with balanced strength and ductility.
  • Properties of epoxy modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their chemically cross-linked polyurethane composites
    DUAN Huafeng, WANG Shaohui, HOU Caiying, MA Guozhang, LI Shasha, HAO Xiaogang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6155-6161. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.027
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    The dispersibility of carbon nanotubes and their interfacial interaction in/with polymers play an important role for the performance of their composites. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first hydroxylated by treatment with H2O2-FeSO4 reagents, and then reacted with silane coupling agents to prepared epoxy modified MWCNTs, including γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane modified MWCNTs (MWCNTs-KH560) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane-epoxy resin modified MWCNTs(MWCNTs-E51). The MWCNTs/PU composites were prepared by mixing method to investigate the effects of different epoxy chain on the performance of the composites. The results showed that the modification of MWCNTs could significantly improve mechanical property, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of the composites. MWCNTs-KH560 composite had higher above properties, but lower elongation at break compared to that of MWCNTs-E51 composite. It suggested that epoxy groups attached on the surface of MWCNTs could undergo a ring opening reaction with carboxyl group of PU macromolecules, resulting in formation of chemically bonds between them, which could greatly improve their interfacial interaction. However, MWCNTs-E51 was grafted longer organic chains, which acted as plasticizer to decrease the mechanical property of the composite. In addition, the tunnel resistance between MWCNTs was also increased, leading to a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the composites.
  • Preparation and properties of temperature sensitive polyurethane membrane
    LONG Qing, LU Lixin , PAN Liao , LU Lijing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6162-6166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.028
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    Three kinds of temperature sensitive polyurethane (TSPU) membranes, TSPU(a), TSPU(b) and TSPU(c), were prepared by a two-step solution block copolymerization technique and a dry phase inversion technique, with PCL, PEG, MDI as the main raw materials. The structure and properties of TSPU membranes were characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD and SEM, and compared with PU. The results showed that PU had no switching temperature, but TSPU(a) and TSPU(b) both had one switching temperature, 54.8 and 31.17 ℃, respectively, while TSPU(c) membrane had two independent switching temperatures, 35.3 and 57.0 ℃, respectively. The surface of the TSPU was dense, and the cross section was asymmetric porous structure. The moisture permeability and porosity of the TSPU membrane changed significantly before and after the switching temperature. As for TSPU(c), when the temperature raised from 25 to 35 ℃, the WVT increased from 70.49 g/m2·24 h to 145.71 g/m2·24 h, and the increase was 106.71%. When the temperature raised from 55 to 65 ℃, the WVT increased from 306.32 to 578.54 g/m2·24 h, and the increase was 88.87%.It showed that the TSPU membranes had the characteristic of temperature-sensitive response.
  • Experimental analysis on mechanical properties and durability of cement concrete modified by styrene-butadiene latex
    LIU Fang, WANG Baomin, YUAN Xiaosa, WANG Yonggang, LI Ming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6167-6173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.029
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    Polymer cement concrete has become an important part of high-performance concrete research. In this paper, a polymer emulsion (styrene-butadiene latex, SBL) was adopted to modify high-performance concrete, and effects of different additive amounts on basic mechanical properties, toughness, autogenous shrinkage and chloride penetration resistance of cement concrete were studied. The results show that the compressive strength of cement concrete modified by SBL decreased with the increase of the content of SBL, while the addition of SBL could greatly improve the splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and toughness of concrete. When SBL addition was 15%, the enhancement was most obvious, and the increase of splitting tensile strength and flexural strength was 17.4% and 23.8%, respectively. The toughness index reached its peak at 10% SBL, with the increase of 71.1%. The total shrinkage value for 24 h after pouring of the modified cement concrete decreased with the increasing addition of SBL. The total shrinkage decreased by up to 35% at 15% SBL. At the same time, the anti-chloride diffusion ability and anti-permeability performance of modified cement concrete were improved obviously.
  • Acid and alkali corrosion resistance of blast furnace slag and hydrophobicity of fiber products
    ZHANG Zunqian, LONG Yue, ZHANG Yuzhu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6174-6177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.030
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    The effects of acid and alkali corrosion on the blast furnace slag fibers and the hydrophobicity of fiber products were studied in this paper. The blast furnace slag fibers were immersed into acid solution, alkali solution and deionized water respectively for 24 h and the acidity coefficient of the fibers were 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 respectively. Both the mass lose and the morphologies of the fiber surface after the treatment were analyzed. Fiber products were produced by using polyvinyl alcohol solution of pH=6 and silica sol solution of pH=8 as binder and the wetting angle of the two kinds of fiber products were tested. The results showed that the acid resistance of the blast furnace was worse. The mass loss was the largest in the acid solution of pH=0 and the corrosion on the surface of the fiber was serious. It was discovered that the corrosion resistance of the fiber with a smaller acidity coefficient was worse. A comparison of the wetting angle of the two kinds of fiber products showed that the hydrophobicity of fiber board using silica sol as binder was better and the wetting angle of the fiber board was 114.6° while the wetting angle of the fiber board using polyvinyl alcohol as binder was 95.6°. It indicated that the acidity and the alkalinity of the binder would directly influence the performance of fiber products.
  • Research on synthesis of graphene on sapphire substrate
    ZOU Wei, LI Duosheng, HONG Yue, YE Yin, LIN Kuixin, XIONG Caizi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6178-6184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.031
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    In this paper, the growth of graphene on sapphire substrate was studied by the experimental preparation and simulation using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, which focused on the effect of substrate surface morphology and growth temperature. The microstructure of graphene was investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) respectively. The simulation results indicated that hydrogen had an important influence on the surface morphology of the substrate. Under the action of H atom, the Al-O bond was elongated by 51.42%, which was almost fractured, and it affected the surface roughness of the sapphire substrate. It was found that H2 had an etching effect on the surface of sapphire substrate, and the surface roughness Ra of the etched sapphire substrate became larger, which made it difficult to grow graphene. When the growth temperature increased, the quality of the graphene also became better.
  • Electrocatalytic performance of Pt-Sn/poly (triazine imide)-carbon nanotubes composites
    GUAN Qiangqiang, WANG Yong, ZHAO Qiang, LI Jinping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6185-6190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.032
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    Using poly (triazine imide) (PTI)-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite with different mass ratio as catalysts carrier, the Pt-Sn/PTI-CNTs catalysts were synthesized by reducing Pt/Sn precursor with ethylene glycol. The structure and morphology of the catalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the Pt-Sn nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 2.6-3.7 nm werehighly dispersed on the carrier, and mainly presentedin the form of metallic Pt and SnOx. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests show that the catalytic performance of Pt-Sn/PTI-CNTs was significantly improved with the addition of PTI. However, too much PTI would lead to a decrease in the activity of the catalyst. The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the catalyst was maximized (46.20 m2/g) at a PTI content of 20wt%, which hadthehighest ethanol electro-catalytic activity.
  • Effects of silicon content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of (AlCrTiZrHf)-Six-N high-entropy films
    NIU Jingrui, LI Wei, LIU Ping, ZHANG Ke, MA Fengcang, LIU Xinkuan, CHEN Xiaohong, HE Daihua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6191-6196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.033
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    A series of (AlCrTiZrHf)-Six-N high entropy films with different silicon contents were deposited on monocrystalline silicon substrates by direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nano-indentation techniques. The effects of the silicon content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the films were investigated. The experimental results show that the (AlCrTiZrHf)N films grew in columnar grains and presented a (111) preferrential growth orientation. The addition of the silicon element leaded to the disappearance of the (111) peak and the grain refinement of the (AlCrTiZrHf)-Six-N films. Meanwhile, the reticular amorphous phase formed, thus developing the nanocomposite structure with the nanocrystallines encapsulated by the amorphous phase. With the increase of the silicon content, the mechanical properties first increased and then decreased. The maximal hardness and modulus of the films reached 26.6 and 250.9 GPa, respectively, with the silicon content (x) of 8at%. The strengthening effect of the (AlCrTiZrHf)-Six-N film could be mainly attributed to the formation of the nanocomposite structure.
  • Preparation and rheological behavior of polyurethane pre-polymer modified asphalt
    FANG Ying, XIE Weijun, YANG Jianhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6197-6205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.034
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    In order to endow good physic-chemical properties to the matrix asphalt and enhance its adaptability under different environmental conditions, the matrix asphalt was modified with polyurethane pre-polymer. The optimal preparation parameters were firstly determined by orthogonal test and visual analysis based on the selected raw materials. On the basis, the optimum dosage of polyurethane pre-polymer modifier was determined by analyzing the influence of polyurethane pre-polymer content on the three major indexes, toughness, storage stability and viscosity index of modified asphalt. Secondly, the rheological behavior of polyurethane pre-polymer modifier asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, SBR modified asphalt and matrix asphalt was compared and analyzed by dynamic shear rheological test (DSR) and bending beam rheological test (BBR). The experimental results show that the optimum preparation parameters of polyurethane pre-polymer modified asphalt are unit preparation amount 400 g, shear rate 4 000 r/min, shear temperature 150 ℃ and shear time 40 min. Also, considering the three major indicators of modified asphalt, toughness, storage stability, viscosity index and economy, it is recommended that the optimum dosage of polyurethane pre-polymer modifier was 6%. Moreover, compared with other three kinds of asphalt, polyurethane pre-polymer modified asphalt had the best high temperature performance in the temperature range of 52-82 ℃, but it was of high temperature sensitivity. At the same time, the elastic property of polyurethane pre-polymer modified asphalt under alternating stress was slightly lower than that of SBS modified asphalt with the best elastic property. In addition, the low temperature rheological properties of polyurethane pre-polymer modified asphalt was slightly lower than that of SBR modified asphalt with the best low temperature performance.
  • Morphology and anti-ablation properties of the W-Cu alloy throat in the hybrid rocket motor test
    ZHU Yang, SUN Jiantao, YAN Liansheng, CUI Hong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6206-6210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.035
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    The hybrid rocket motor, which uses a mixture of solid and liquid propellants to generate the propulsive force, possesses abnormal working environment and special ablation behaviors of the motor nozzle. W-Cu is a sort of self-sudation cooling high temperature material, which could be used as the anti-ablation section of the hybrid rocket motor (HRM). The W-Cu material, made by the high-temperature sintering and infiltration method, was employed as the throat of the HRM and was examined after the motor test. The SEM results showed that the variant morphologies at different W-Cu sections were related to the critical in-situ ablation environment. Propellant waste particle was deposited and had layered structure located at the convergent section, particle was deposited and base metal was appeared at the throat and a smooth ablation surface formed at the divergent section. The EDS results showed propellant elements (aluminum and magnesium) could be investigated at the convergent section. Tungsten and copper were found being embedded in the propellant waste particles at the throat, as well as mass silicon that eroded from the nozzle backing material was found at the divergent section.
  • Preparation and study of modified roselle anthocyanin coated polypropylene freshness indicator film
    JIA Daitao, LU Lixin, PAN Liao, LU Lijing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6211-6215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.036
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    Freshness indicator was prepared by chemical acylation with acetic acid and roselle anthocyanins. The freshness indicator solution was prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with modified anthocyanins. The film was prepared by coating the indicator solution on the surface of PP with spin coating method. The modified anthocyanins were analyzed by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra, and the pH response, thermal stability and light stability of the indicator film were studied.The FT-IR showed that the acyl group was successfully introduced into roselle anthocyanins.The UV-Vis spectrum showed that the absorbance mutation range of the modified anthocyanin solution under the maximum absorption peak in the visible light region moved from pH 2-3 to pH 3-4.The pH response test of the indicator film showed that the indicator film changed from red to light pink and then to green as the pH value increased. The color stability of modified anthocyanin indicator film was higher than that of unmodified anthocyanin indicator film under light and different temperature.
  • Preparation of CuFeO2 nanoparticles and their antibacterial adhesion properties of polymer composite coating
    WU Yongren, CHEN Shun, CHEN Zhuo, FENG Rui, DONG Lijie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(6): 6216-6220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.06.037
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    Copper-based nanoparticles have many applications in various fields, such as catalysis, energy storage and conversion, and biology. However, the study of size and morphology of CuFeO2 nanoparticles and their properties is still challenging. Herein, divalent, trivalent iron salts and divalent copper salts were used as metal ions. The ultra-fine and good dispersion CuFeO2 nanoparticles modified with short chain were prepared by the regulation of small organic molecules such as sodium citrate and sodium acetate. The effects of reaction time and copper ion concentration on the morphology of CuFeO2 nanoparticles were studied. The results show that the CuFeO2 nanoparticles with good crystallinity could be obtained at 8 and 10 h synthetic duration. As the concentration of copper ions increased, it would have a side effect on the synthesis of CuFeO2. Consequently, the bacterial adhesion properties of organic molecular modified CuFeO2 nanoparticle polymer composite coating were investigated. The results show that it had good antibacterial adhesion to bacillus coli.
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