31 January 2019, Volume 50 Issue 1

    

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Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Preparation and characterization of a novel SOI insulating silicon composite

  HUANG Zhiqiang, SHEN Yanyu, GU Yujie, MA Xuetao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1001-1005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.001

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  A new kind preparation method of a novel SOI insulating silicon material has been developed in this paper. The SiO₂-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃-RO composite powder was prepared through high temperature sintering, and the three-layer-structure of Si-Insulator-Si was obtained via welding two layers of mono-crystalline silicon at 700-800 ℃ with the SiO₂-Ta₂O₅-B₂O₃-RO as the intermediate layer. The test results showed that the sample layers bounded tightly and integrally, and the high voltage insulation and dielectric properties were excellent while the thickness, depth and performance parameters of the insulating layer were adjustable. It could be regarded as a novel thick film SOI insulating silicon composite.
Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Research progress of Si/PEDOT∶PSS hybrid solar cells

  CAO Rushui, GAO Zhongliang, CUI Mengqi, LIU Wenjian, ZHANG Yupeng, LUO Younan, CHEN Lei, LI Yingfeng, LI Meicheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1006-1017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.002

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  Silicon organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells have the advantages of low cost and simple process, which derives from the high carrier mobility of silicon and easy synthesis and adjustable photoelectric property of organics. The structure and working mechanism of silicon hybrid solar cells was elucidated and research status including different silicon substrates, organic polymer PEDOT∶PSS modification, Si/PEDOT∶PSS interface optimization and silicon surface passivation and structure design and the stability of the solar cells were discussed.. In view of the current problems existing in the hybrid solar cells, the review focused on the structure and property optimization of Si/PEDOT∶PSS hybrid solar cells, prospected some possible challenges and research directions of Si/PEDOT∶PSS hybrid solar cells in the near future.
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Preparation and identification of vinyl functionalized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers

  HUANG Weiwei, ZHAO Qianyu, YANG Xin, YAO Lei, ZHAO Haitian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1018-1025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.003

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  In order to enhance the extraction and identification of polysaccharides in red pine bark extract, bifunctional monomers molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—CC@MIPs) were prepared by using magnetic Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—CC functional microspheres as the carrier, 4-vinyl phenylboric acid (VPBA) and acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer, N,N′-methylene double acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator for specific adsorption of starch polysaccharides. The properties of molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres were determined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that APBA was successfully grafted on the surface, and the starch adsorption amount and the imprinting factor IF reached 12.48 mg/g and 3.029, respectively. The adsorption of MIPs was more consistent with the second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption curve. The covalent bond binding of boric acid derivative (APBA) and polysaccharide molecule and the hydrogen bond binding of amides compound (AMPS) and polysaccharide molecule increased the adsorption amount and specificity of molecular imprinting. Fe₃O₄@SiO₂—CC could specifically adsorb G10000 polysaccharide.
Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Preparation and soft magnetic properties of Fe-6.5%Si/ Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ nanocrystalline composite magnetic powder core

  WANG Ruwu, MO Jian, LIU Xin, XIONG Zuzhao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1026-1030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.004

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  The effects of the amount of Fe-6.5%Si powder on the magnetic properties of the composite magnetic powder cores successfully prepared by mixing Fe-6.5% Si powder to Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ nanocrystalline powder were discussed. The results showed that with the amount of Fe-6.5%Si powder increasing from 20% to 80%, the density of composite magnetic powder cores increased linearly from 5.46 to 6.01 g/cm³. The effective permeability of the composite magnetic cores had good stability in the frequency range of20-500 kHz. With the amount of Fe-6.5%Si powder increasing from 20% to 80%, the effective permeability of the composite magnetic powder cores increased linearly from 33.7 to 38.3. The loss of composite magnetic cores increased with the increase of the amount of Fe-6.5%Si powder. The DC-bias property of the composite magnetic powder cores tended to deteriorate with the increase of Fe-6.5%Si powder addition. When the DC-bias field was 7.96 kA/m, the DC-bias property of the composite cores decreased from 79.6% to 62.2% with the amount of Fe-6.5% Si powders increasing from 0% to 80%.
Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Effect of ferrite content on magnetic properties of Fe/NiZnFe₂O₄ powder core

  ZHANG Xiaomeng, LIU Yanhui, LI Zhong, LIU Tengfei, ZHANG Faming, SHEN Jun, TAN Xiaohua, XU Hui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1031-1034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.005

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  The iron powder core is a kind of materials with good soft magnetic properties and frequency characteristics. In this paper, the iron powder core of nickel-zinc ferrite coated reduced iron powder was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The consequence of ferrite content on the coating effect and magnetic properties of the iron powder core was investigated. The results show that the suitable ferrite content was conducive to coating effect and magnetic properties of Fe/NiZnFe₂O₄ powder core. When the ferrite content was 8%, it could be coated on the surface of powder particles and a good magnetic performance, such as high amplitude permeability μ_a, low coercive force H_c, apparent power S_s and loss P_s, was obtained. Further analysis of the loss shows that when the frequency f was less than 30 kHz, the eddy loss current P_e accounted for less than 40% of the total loss. When the frequency f was higher than 70 kHz, the proportion of P_ewas more than 60%.The result provides a theroical basis which has made a great contribution to guiding the application of the magnetic powder core, and also indicates the direction of efforts to reduce the loss.
Review & Advance
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  Supported TiO₂ photocatalysis and its application in wastewater treatment

  ZHAO Wenjin, HOU Huijie, LIU Ping, CAI Jiayi, HAN Yi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1035-1046. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.006

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  Recently, there have been frequent water pollution incidents all over the world. Water pollution control has been grim, and people’s health has been seriously threatened. It’s hard to degrade sewage of complex components and low biodegradability by conventional water treatment process, which seriously affects the safety of water’s usage. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalysis is an environment-friendly and energy-saving technology, and has been widely studied in wastewater treatment. However, the utilization of TiO₂ powder in suspension has the disadvantages of easy leaching, difficult recovery and easy agglomeration. The aim of this paper is to provide a thorough review of the types of supported TiO₂ system, including its supporting skeleton and loading methods, and the application of the supported TiO₂ photocatalysis in wastewater treatment has also been described. The prospect the development of supported TiO₂ was also proposed.
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  The research progress of aerogel insulating materials applied for construction industry

  CHI Jiasheng, ZHENG Wei, WANG Zhen,LIAO Wenqi, HE Guiwei, SUN Qi,TIAN Mengkui, YANG Wanliang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1047-1055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.007

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  Aerogel was a kind of synthetic porous material, the liquid components of which were replaced with gas. It possesses superior physical and chemical characteristics such as translucent structure, low density, low thermal conductivity and so on. Therefore, it was seen as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulating materials for construction industry. In addition, it was also widely used in the fields of aerospace, motor-dom, electronic equipment, clothing, etc. Even though the widespread use of aerogel insulating materials was still restricted by the higher cost compared to conventional insulating materials, lots of scientists are making efforts to cut the prime cost to make it popular in the worldwide. In this study, the heat insulation mechanism, preparation, characteristics and modification of aerogel insulating materials and its applications in the field of construction have been presented and the perspective of aerogel insulating materials has been looking forward to.
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  Progress in heat transfer enhancement of phase change materials

  ZHANG Yudi, ZHANG Xuelai, JI Jun, HAN Xingchao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1056-1066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.008

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  The sustainable development of energy and the environment has aroused widespread concern. The requirements for energy utilization are getting higher and higher, and efficient heat storage and heat transfer devices are urgently needed. Phase change material has become a hot spot in the field of energy storage with its high energy storage density, but due to the low thermal conductivity, its application has been greatly limited. The methods and research progress of strengthening the thermal conductivity of phase change materials are reviewed. The heat transfer properties of phase change materials reinforced by microcapsules, metal materials and carbon materials are introduced respectively. As a new type of high-efficiency heat transfer device, heat pipe has become the focus of research in the field of heat energy, and it has excellent performance in the field of aerospace, thermal management, phase change heat storage, and has great development prospects. The heat transfer enhancement methods, research progress and application of heat pipes are highlighted. At present, the research on the coupling system of heat pipe and phase change material is at an early stage. And it still requires a lot of research work to perfect the coupling system and its mechanism. The inadequacies in the study of the coupling of heat pipes and phase change materials are proposed and the directions for further study are also put forward.
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  Research progress on the preparation of two-dimensional carbon materials based on biomass

  WEI Lixue, QIN Aimiao, GUO Sheng, HUANG Haiyuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1067-1074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.009

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  Two-dimensional materials usually have a layered, lamellar, or ribbon-like unique microstructure. Due to this special structure, two-dimensional materials have excellent optical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Because of their high conductivity, large specific surface area, environmental protection, and low cost, biomass carbon materials have become a hot topic in the research of energy storage devices. In this paper, based on the application of biomass two-dimensional carbon materials in the field of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, the research progress was summarized, and the research prospects of two-dimensional carbon materials of biomass was prospected.
Research & Development
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  Effect of Sm and Zr co-substitution on structure, electrical and magnetic properties of BiFeO₃ ceramics

  ZHAO Haoting, YANG Ruxia, LU Yuming, LI Guannan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1075-1080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.010

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  The Bi_0.9Sm_0.1Fe_1-xZr_xO₃ (BSFZO, x=0-0.08) samples were prepared using the conventional solid state sintering method. The XRD patterns of Bi_0.9Sm_0.1Fe_1-xZr_xO₃ could be ascribed to a rhombohedral structure having space group R3c. Structure refinement of the XRD patterns showed that the lattice parameters were increasing with the increase of in Zr⁴⁺ content. The average grain size of the samples significantly decreased with the Zr doping due to the suppressed of grain growth caused by the Zr substitution. The remnant polarization (P_r) and coercive field (E_c) increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing Zr contents. For x=0.04 sample, the P_r and E_c reached the maximum value. The dielectric constant decreased with the x increasing, while the leakage current was nearly unchanged. The ferromagnetic properties were enhanced by the Zr substitution. For x=0.06 sample, the residual magnetization reached the maximum.
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  Application of POSS modified waterborne two-component resin

  LUO Yun, AN Qiufeng, DONG Minyao, WANG Xiaoge

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1081-1085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.011

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  Using phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) and tetramethyldisiloxane (D₂^H) as the main raw materials, the Ph^H-POSS with active Si—H bonds was synthesized by co-hydrolytic polycondensation under acidic conditions. Allylglycidylether (AGE) was introduced to the above system by hydrosilylation reaction to produce partially epoxy-based POSS (EP-POSS). The structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR). Then POSS was modified with waterborne epoxy resin and acrylic resin. Particle size analyzer and zeta potential analyzer were used to test the particle size and zeta potential of the emulsion. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the painting were tested by TGA and multi-functional testing machine. The results showed that the introduction of POSS had little effect on the particle size and stability of the emulsion. When the amount of POSS added was 3%, the mechanical properties of the film were perfect. When the weight loss was 5% and 50%, the thermal decomposition temperature was 289 and 329 ℃, respectively. The tensile strength was 33.99 MPa and the elongation at break was 51.6%.
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  Study on chromium stainless steel/carbon steel gradient material prepared by molten salt electrolysis diffusion

  LI Mengxing, ZHANG Shixian, LI Huirong, MA Tao, LI Xin, ZHANG Hongbo, WANG Cong, LI Yungang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1086-1090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.012

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  The influence of current waveform and current density on the preparation of chromium stainless steel/carbon steel gradient materials by NaCl-KCl-NaF-Cr₂O₃ molten salt system was studied by the electrolytic diffusion method of molten salt. The surface morphology and composition of the samples were analyzed by SEM and EDS. The changes of the content of each element in the coating were analyzed by the glow discharge spectrometer. The results show that the best process conditions for the electrolytic diffusion of molten salt under the experiment conditions of chromium plate as anode, carbon steel plate as cathode, x(NaCl)∶x(KCl)∶x(NaF)=2∶2∶1,t=60 min and T=700 ℃ were 200 mA/cm², current waveform was bidirectional pulse, pulse period was 1 000 ms, i_正/i_反=6∶1 and t_正/t_反=3∶1.
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  Studies on the performance and preparation of wood-based permanent formwork with thermal insulation

  HUANG Qinghua, ZHENG Xia, GAO Ge, HE Zhengguo, XIE Xiangrong, LI Xingong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1091-1097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.013

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  With wood processing residues and inorganic adhesives as raw materials, wood-based permanent formwork with thermal insulation was manufactured by hot-pressing technology. The effect of adhesives consumption, hot pressing time, hot pressing temperature and density on plate the board was studied. Results showed that thermal insulation flexural strength, elastic modulus, softening coefficient thermal conductivity and frost resistance of wood-based permanent formwork were gradually increased with increase of adhesives consumption and density. The thermal insulation flexural strength, elastic modulus, softening coefficient and frost resistance of wood-based permanent formwork firstly increase then decreased and thermal conductivity decreased with increase of hot pressing temperature and hot pressing time. Optimal process was as follows: density of 0.9 g/cm³, adhesive consumption of 65%, hot-pressing temperature of 120 ℃, and hot-pressing time of 12 min.
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  Study on microstructure and properties of laser cladding Ni-based WC composite coating

  ZHAO Wei, ZHANG Ke, LIU Ping, MA Fengcang, CHEN Xiaohong, LIU Xinkuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1098-1103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.014

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  Laser clad Ni-based WC composite coating was fabricated on Cu-Cr-Zr ternary copper alloy by using a fiber laser. The microstructure, composition, microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating with different content of WC particles were researched by means of SEM, EDS and XRD, hardness tester, wear tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results showed that the laser cladding layer with favorable metallurgical bonding, no defect and uniform structure could be obtained under the appropriate process parameters. The main phases of the laser cladding layer were Cr₇C₃, Cr₂₃C₆, CrB, NiSi₃,γ(Ni, Fe)W₂C, Ni₂W₄C and WC. The average hardness of the composite coating could reach more than 7 times that of the substrate and increase with the increase of WC content. The friction coefficient and wear loss of the cladding layer decreased with the increase of WC content, which indicated that the wear resistance was improved. The corrosion resistance of the cladding layer first increases and then decreases with the increase of WC content and the best corrosion resistance could be obtained when WC content was 15%.
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  Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic properties of doped CdSe∶X/ZnS core-shell quantum dots

  WANG Jielin, YANG Run, XIE Ruishi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1104-1109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.015

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  CdSe∶X/ZnS doped core-shell quantum dots were successfully synthesized in aqueous solution by a green synthetic route. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized products were studied in detail via using a variety of analytical methods. XRD results show that the diffraction peaks of core-shell quantum dots shifted to high angle direction relative inner CdSe quantum dots, and the diffraction peaks of doped core-shell quantum dots also moved to high angle region with respect to undoped quantum dots. The obtained quantum dots had the average grain size of about 2.3 nm. SEM results display that the shape of the produced quantum dots was nearly spherical. Compared with the corresponding bulk materials, the absorption peaks of the quantum dots displayed a significant blue shift, which revealed the obvious quantum confinement effect. The synthesized samples had good hydrophilicity, and Tyndall effect appeared under the infrared light irradiation. The FT-IR results exhibit that ligand MPA successfully was coated on the surface of quantum dots.
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  Application analysis of charging and discharging for battery in photovoltaic system

  QI Pengyuan, LIU Weijie, MA Weimin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1110-1113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.016

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  Battery is an important part in photovoltaic system. Its quality directly affects the reliability of the whole photovoltaic system. Charging and discharging performances of lead-acid battery and lithium-ion battery were analyzed by using different charging modes and different discharge modes. The results shows that due to the influence of light intensity, the charging current trend of the lead-acid battery and lithium-ion battery were basically the same in the early stage of charging with the solar panel, but the charging efficiency of the lithium-ion battery was obviously better than that of lead-acid battery in the later period of charging. The over discharge protection voltage of lead-acid battery and lithium-ion battery in photovoltaic system were different. Then the best over discharge protection voltage of batteries in the photovoltaic system were identified.
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  Study on frost resistance of fiber reinforced concrete

  QIAO Hongxia, LI Jiangchuan, ZHU Feifei, PENG Kuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1114-1119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.017

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  In order to study the frost resistance performance of fiber reinforced concrete under freeze-thaw cycle, the performance of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber concrete under different mixing methods was studied by rapid freezing and thawing test. And its microstructure was analyzed by SEM. The test results show that the concrete properties of different fibers were significantly different when the fiber content was fixed. With the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss, the dynamic elastic modulus, the compression strength and the flexural strength had different changes. The performance of the hybrid fiber concrete was better than that of the single fiber concrete and the layer fabric fiber. The performance of layered fiber reinforced concrete was better than that of integral fiber reinforced concrete.
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  Effect of surface tension on acoustic insulation performance of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials

  JI Yanlu, LYU Haifeng, LIU Jibin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1120-1125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.018

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  At present, many researchers on the sound insulation performance of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials are limited to numerical method, and its structural parameters can be adjusted conveniently, but lack necessary experimental verification. Therefore, in this paper, the influence of surface tension on the acoustical properties of elastic membrane, composed of elastic membrane and mass blocks, was mainly studied. The finite element simulation and experimental verification of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials are studied. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to conduct acoustic simulation research on membrane-type acoustic metamaterials, and the transmission loss curve obtained could more directly and conveniently analyze the sound attenuation effect of sound waves after passing membrane-type acoustic metamaterials. The sound insulation performance of membrane-type acoustic metamaterials was experimentally verified by standing wave tube method. The results show that with the increase of the tension of the membrane, the peak of transmission loss moved towards high frequency, and the peak of sound absorption coefficient and the corresponding range of sound attenuation frequency increased.
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  Research on synthesis and thermal stability of hexa(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene

  BAO Dongmei, WANG Jianhang, LONG Gaohan, AO Fujia,FANG Li, WEN Zhu, WANG Huanjiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1126-1130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.019

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  Hexa(4-nitrophenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene (HNCTP) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant and it has attracted significant attention because of its excellent heat-resistance and flame-resistance. In the study, HNCTP was synthesized by the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) with 4-nitrophenol, and characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). The influences of solvent, raw material ratio and reaction time (t) on the yield of HNCTP were investigated. The results showed when n(4-nitrophenol)∶n(HCCP)=9∶1,T=56 ℃, t= 18 h, acetone as solvent, the yield of HNCTP was the highest and amounted up to 90.5%.Thermal analysis results showed that the onset decomposition temperature of HNCTP was 371.5 ℃. Therefore, HNCTP is a flame retardant with perfect thermal stability, and it can be applied in high processing temperature system.
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  Extraction and characterization of common mammalian collagen

  LIU Xia, ZHANG Zhongxun, WU Minghui, MAO Yuanze, LIU Yang, DENG Linhong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1131-1137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.020

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  In order to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological properties of collagen from different mammalian sources, collagen was enzymatically extracted from common mammalian pigs, rats and bovine, and its amino acid composition, structure, morphology and biological properties were evaluated. The results showed that the amino acid composition and content of collagen from different sources were different. The FT-IR spectrum showed that the three collagens were well maintained in their three-helix structure. The TG results showed that the three collagens had similar thermal behavior, and the pig skin collagen (PS-col) had higher stability to thermal degradation. The SEM photograph showed that the rat tail collagen (RT-col) had a slightly roughest surface, the surface of the pig skin collagen was the smoothest, and the bovine tendon collagen (BT-col) was moderate. The AFM observed that all three collagens showed a collagen fiber bundle structure, but there were differences in the formation of collagen fibers from different sources of collagen. The mechanical properties test showed that the bovine tendon collagen could resist the external force and the material flexibility was easy to deform. The Young's modulus of the pig skin collagen was the largest, which was less likely to be deformed than the other two, and the rat tail collagen was between the two. In vitro cell experiments showed that all three collagens had good biocompatibility. This study provided more reference for the selection of collagen-based biomaterials to meet different needs.
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  SnO₂/carbon naotubes nanocomposite as Pt-free counter electrode used in dye-sensitized solar cells

  LIU Yanxiu, LIU Qinglong, WANG Xiaoyu, JIN Liguo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1138-1142. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.021

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  In this paper, a composite of tin oxide and carbon nanotubes was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method, which was used for the first time as the counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to accelerate the reduction of I₃^- to I^-. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis confirmed that SnO₂ nanoparticles were attached to the surface of CNTs to form a uniform porous network structure. Cyclic voltammetry (C-V) tests showed that the SnO₂/CNT composite counter electrode had the highest active surface area, which had a higher cathode current density than the SnO₂, CNT and Pt electrodes. At the same time, the SnO₂/CNT counter electrode had a smaller charge transfer resistance (6.13 Ω·cm²) for I₃^- reduction. Finally, the energy conversion efficiency (4.44%) of the DSSC assembled by the SnO2/CNT counter electrode was comparable to the efficiency of the DSSC assembled by the Pt electrode (5.27%).
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  Study on photocatalytic property of different crystalline phase WO₃ prepared by annealing

  GU Kangping, YANG Xiaohong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1143-1148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.022

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  Orthogonal WO₃·0.33H₂O nanopowders were prepared by hydrothermal method, and WO₃ nano materials with different crystalline phases were obtained by vacuum annealing of hydrothermal products at different temperatures for 1 h. The obtained nano materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis analysis. A methylene blue (MB) solution under UV irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity of WO₃ photocatalyst with different crystalline phases. The effect of WO₃ with different crystalline phase on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation was investigated. Quantitative analysis of photocatalytic effect was carried out by degradation rate formula. The results of photocatalytic degradation test show that the photocatalytic degradation of WO₃ nanoparticles with different crystalline phases had different photocatalytic degradation performance in MB solution, and the photocatalytic degradation effect of WO₃ nanometers with different crystalline phases to MB solution ranged from low to high: hexagonal phase ＜ orthorhombic phase ＜ tetragonal phase. The results of photocatalytic degradation were analyzed in terms of crystal structure.
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  Study on the correlation of lubrication performance of black gel ink

  ZHANG Xinyi, LIU Shoujun, HUO Xiaowei, WU Zhenjiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1149-1154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.023

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  The lubrication performance of gel ink is one of the most important performance indexes in the research and development of high-grade ink, and the flowing ink plays a similar to the lubricant in the pen. In this experiment, based on the film forming performance and rheological property of neutral ink, the writing lubrication tester was used for the first time to test the filling ink pen core, and the influence of the base ratio, grinding time and color paste content on the lubrication performance of gel ink was investigated. The results show that the performance of the gel ink lubrication could be optimized when the binder ratio was 7∶1, the grinding time of color paste was 60 min and the content of color paste was 30%.
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  Energy absorption properties of stainless steel fiber porous materials

  AO Qingbo, WANG Jianzhong, MA Jun, TANG Huiping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1155-1157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.024

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  Stainless steel fiber porous materials were prepared through batching and sintering at high temperature with stainless steel fiber felt as raw materials. The compressive properties of the stainless steel porous materials with different pore structures were tested and the energy absorption values were calculated in this paper. The results show that as the number of the sintering joints increasing, the energy absorption ability of the stainless steel fiber porous materials improved. The effect of the fiber porous materials on the energy absorption capacity was very little, when the diameter of the fiber was between 8-28 μm. As the porosity decreased, the energy absorption properties of the fiber porous materials significantly improved.
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  Study on processing properties of halogen-free flame-retardant LLDPE/LDPE/POE with silane crosslinking

  DAI Yajie, MIAO Tian, ZHANG Wenlong, SHAN Yuling

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1158-1163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.025

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  In this paper, the silane cross-linking halogen-free flame-retardant polyolefin cable material was easy to absorb water, resulting in poor cross-linking and extrusion. The silane couple was compounded with magnesium hydroxide (MH) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) flame retardant. Silane crosslinked LLDPE/LDPE/POE halogen-free flame retardant materials were prepared by melt blending. The effects of flame retardant on the processing properties before and after silane treatment and the effects of different ratios of MH and ATH on its mechanical properties, oxygen index and thermal elongation were investigated. The results showed that the surface of the hydroxide flame retardant treated by silane coupling was smoother than that of the untreated extruded composite sheet, and the rheological property was good. There was no pre-crosslinking. At this time, the balance torque dropped by 24.8%, and the melt flow rate increased by 23.5%. With the increased of MH/ATH ratio, the oxygen index and tensile strength of the composites increased firstly and then decreased, but the thermal elongation, permanent deformation rate and elongation at break showed a trend of decreasing firstly and then increased. When the ratio of MH/ATH was 2/1, the composite had the best performance after 8 d of water resistance test. The tensile strength reached to 17.5 MPa, the elongation at break reached to 349%, the oxygen index reached to 34.2%, the thermal elongation reached 17%, and the permanent deformation rate reached to 3.3%.
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  Study on the influence of fiber on flexibility and road performance of high modulus asphalt mixture

  MA Lijie, YANG Chunfeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1164-1173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.026

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  In order to evaluate the reinforcing effect of single fiber and composite fiber on the performance of BRA modified high modulus asphalt mixture, the mechanism of fiber softening and toughening modification of high modulus asphalt mixture was revealed. The effects of fiber on the flexibility and shear properties of high modulus asphalt were studied by semi-circular penetration test, direct tensile test and direct shear test. The surface shape of fiber BRA high modulus asphalt was analyzed by electron microscopy (SEM). The rutting test, penetration shear test, low temperature bending test, freeze-thaw splitting, water-immersed Marshall test, indirect tensile fatigue test and MMLS1/3 accelerated loading test were used to evaluate the fiber high modulus asphalt mixture. The results show that the addition of single fiber and interwoven composite fiber could significantly improve the creep compliance and shear strength of BRA high modulus asphalt. The difference in fiber morphology determined the high modulus asphalt and its mixing. The material performance improvement effect had a certain focus. The interwoven fiber blending scheme just achieved the superposition effect of different fibers on the performance improvement of BRA modified asphalt. The interwoven fiber with m(lignin fiber)∶ mpolyester fiber)∶ m(basalt fiber) =1∶2∶2 had higher performance and more balanced performance for high modulus asphalt mixture, and the modification effect was better and obvious. The interwoven fiber solution improved the low temperature crack resistance of the high modulus asphalt mixture. It had good technical superiority in long-term high temperature stability and fatigue durability.
Process& Technology
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  Fabrication of amorphous carbon films on Si substrate via liquid phase deposition method

  LUO Qingwei, JIAO Fei, ZOU Xiangyu, WANG Yumei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1174-1177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.027

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  The liquid phase method for amorphous carbon films with the features of low-cost and simple process has caused wide public concern. However, suitable process parameters for industrial production are unclear. In the present paper, amorphous carbon film was prepared on the monocrystal silicon surface through liquid-phase method, and relationship between deposition voltage and tribological performance was investigated. The results showed that the amorphous carbon film prepared at 1 800 V possessed smoother and denser surface, higher hardness, minimum dry friction coefficient, well abrasion resistance and tribological performance.
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  Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyl-terminated ureidopyrimidone monomer and its grafted linear polyurethane

  LI Zhenlong, REN Wei, GAO Hanyang, JIANG Diyong, WANG Yuanliang, LUO Yanfeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1178-1182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.028

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  A hydroxyl-terminated ureidopyrimidone monomer (UPy-OH) was designed and synthesized from 6-methyl isocytosine, hexamethylene diisocyanate and ethanolamine, which was then grafted onto the side chain of a linear polyurethane containing pendant —COOH groups (PU-COOH) under the catalysis of DCC/DMAP. Theoretically, since UPy units can form covalent-like quadruple hydrogen bonding, the obtained linear polyurethane grafted with UPy (PU-g-UPy) is supposed to be able to form supramolecular networks so as to integrate the merits of good processibility of linear PUs and strong mechanical properties of crosslinked PUs. In this paper, the synthesis methods of UPy-OH and PU-g-UPy were reported. By using these methods, UPy-OH (FT-IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR detections) and PU-g-UPy (FT-IR detection) were successfully synthesized, which provided fundamentals for further studies on the processibility, mechanical properties and biological effects of PU-g-UPy.
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  Effect of sintering pressure on the microstructure and properties of graphene-reinforced copper matrix composites

  LIU Yuning, PENG Dongdong, ZHANG Hui, GAN Chunlei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1183-1187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.029

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  Sintering pressure is one of the most important parameters in powder metallurgy process.The titanium powder was added in the graphene/copper.Ultrasonic dispersion and ball mill method was used for mixing powder, and then Spark Plasma Sintering method was used for preparation of graphene copper matrix composites with 5,15,25,30 MPa four different sintering pressure. Using metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the microstructure of graphene reinforced copper matrix composites. Measuring the density, the hardness and electrical conductivity of the sample. The results show that the grain size of the present composite gradually decreases, while conductivity first increases and then decreases with increasing sintering pressure. When the sintering pressure reaches 25 MPa, the maximum of the conductivity is 51.2%IACS. As the pressure ranges from 5 to 30 MPa, the density and hardness of the composite continually enhance, respectively.
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  Study on the effect of uniaxial strain on CuO optical absorption spectra based on density functional theory

  CHEN Yu, XING Yongming

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1188-1191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.030

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  The effect of uniaxial strain on CuO absorption spectra was calculated based on density functional theory. In the visible range, when the negative strain was applied, the absorption peak showed a blue-shifted. When a positive strain was applied, the absorption peak exhibited a red-shifted. After the ε_z increased to 6%, there was no absorption peak in the absorption spectrum. In the infrared range when a negative strain was applied, the ε_x caused the absorption peak to appear red-shifted and the ε_z caused to appear blue-shifted. When a positive strain was applied, the ε_y caused the absorption peak to appear red-shifted and the ε_z caused to appear blue-shifted. After the ε_x increased to 4%, there was no absorption peak in the absorption spectrum.
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  The preparation and electrochemical properties of Ni(OH)₂/N-rGO aerogel materials

  SUN Dongya, LIN Jianrong, CHEN Rongqiang, HE Liwen, SUN Jingjing, LIAN Jiqiong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1192-1198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.031

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  One-step hydrothermal method was used to fabricate a series of nickel hydroxide and nitrogen reduced graphene oxide composites (NGs) under different reaction time. The structure and physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, XPS, SEM and N₂-BET methods. The results show that the Ni(OH)₂ crystallites in the as-prepared material increased with the increase of reaction time, and the composites had mesoporous characteristics. The results of cyclic volt-ampere, charge-discharge and life test under three-electrode system show that the maximum capacitance of the series materials was 1 280 F/g (NG-2) when the reaction time was 2 h. The capacitance increased first and then decreased with the increasing reaction time, indicating that the capacitance of the materials would be related to the pore characteristics of the composite, Ni(OH)₂ grain size and the doping N atoms.
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  The preparation of PVDF/PBS fiber membrane and its application in oil-water separation: based on electrospun

  ZHANG Jiamin, LUO Dan, YANG Lu,ZHANG Yan, LIU Danfeng, YANG Jinghui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1199-1202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.032

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  Hydrophobic PVDF/PBS membranes were prepared by electrospinning so that hydrophobic modification of PBS was performed via the incorporation of PVDF. The results show that the introduction of PVDF would make the water contact angle of the fiber membrane change from 86.5 to 137.4°, indicating that PVDF could effectively improve the hydrophobicity of PBS. In addition, the introduction of PVDF could significantly improve the film formation performance and oil-water separation efficiency of fiber membranes, and the max oil flux fiber of membrane was up to 582 L/(m²·h).
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  The preparation of CQDs@MIL-125 and its optical carrier transmission characteristics

  ZHANG Fuqing, WANG Huali, HE Xuan, ZHAO Lei, LI Weixin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1203-1209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.033

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  In this paper, in order to effectively improve the efficiency of the light absorption of catalysts and catalytic efficiency, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were introduced into titanium-based metal organic framework material MIL-125, aiming to organically combine the advantages of high specific surface area and more catalytic sites of MOFs with the excellent optical properties of CQDs, and achieve synergistic effect. The morphology, structure and photoelectric properties of the composite photocatalyst were characterized. Its catalytic properties in the visible light catalytic degradation of organic dyes were systematically studied and the way of the introduction of CQDs effects on structure and performance of composite catalyst was explored.
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  Numerical analysis of electromagnetically induced heating and bioheat transfer for self-formed magnetic fluids hyperthermia

  LI Qiang, YANG Yongming, LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Longlong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1210-1214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.034

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  In this paper, bilayered spherical model is used in magnetic fluids hyperthermia. The uniform magnetic field is generated by Helmuz coil for magnetic fluids hyperthermia. Electromagnetically induced heating and bioheat transfer for self-formed CoFe₂O₄ magnetic fluids are numerical analyzed by the finite element analysis method. The temperature of tumor and healthy tissue first increased with time and then reached a stable value. The highest temperature was found in center of tumor and the temperature first decreased with the increasing distance to the center of tumor, and then kept a stable value. The temperature of healthy tissue was a security value and the desired effect of magnetic fluids hyperthermia was obtained in a suitable parameters. The larger the radius of tumor tissue was, the slower the temperature droped and the higher the stability temperature was. The drop rate of temperature was flat in tumor tissue, but reached a stable value in healthy tissue. The temperature increased with the increasing volume fraction of magnetic fluids in the center of tumor tissue.
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  Preparation and properties of Sm_0.9Pr_0.1FeO_3-δ electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells

  YANG Xue, YANG Yang, TIAN Dong, LU Xiaoyong, DING Yanzhi, LIN Bin, CHEN Yonghong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(1): 1215-1220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.01.035

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  Sm_0.9Pr_0.1FeO_3-δ (SPF) powders were synthesized by a citric acid- nitrates self-propagating combustion method. The YSZ-supported symmetrical solid oxide fuel cell based on the configuration of SPF│YSZ│SPF was fabricated. The phase structure, chemical compatibility, polarization resistance, cross-section microstructure and the cell performance were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectra, thermal dilatometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and self-assembly SOFC test system, respectively. The XRD results indicate that the synthesized SPF powder exhibited a single perovskite structure and was chemically and thermally compatible with YSZ electrolyte. The area specific resistances (ASR) of SPF│YSZ in air and hydrogen atmosphere at 800 ℃ were 0.15 and 15.80 Ω·cm², respectively. The maximum power density of SPF symmetrical cell was 168 mW/cm² at 850 ℃ with humidified hydrogen (3%H₂O) as fuel and ambient air as oxidant. The results indicate that SPF is a promising electrode material for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells.