30 November 2023, Volume 54 Issue 11
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
  • Research progress of Cr (Ⅵ) adsorption by modified chitosan
    FENG Ying, ZHANG Hong, LI Kexin, MA Biao, YU Hanzhe, ZHANG Jianwei, DONG Xin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11001-11009. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.001
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    Chitosan is a natural adsorption material with abundant sources, which is non-toxic and harmless and has a good adsorption effect on Cr (Ⅵ) in sewage. This paper introduces the existence form of Cr (Ⅵ) in aqueous solution, analyzes the adsorption mechanism of Cr (Ⅵ) by chitosan, and summarizes the research progress of chemical modification and composite modification of chitosan. The structure, active functional groups, adsorption principle and application of crosslinked modified chitosan, grafted modified chitosan, organic material composite modified chitosan, magnetic material modified chitosan, and composite carrier material modified chitosan were introduced in detail. Finally, the research direction of new material development, preparation process optimization and application expansion of modified chitosan were prospected.
  • Influence of heat treatment and Mn doping on phase transition and magnetic properties of Fe2Cr1-xMnxGa alloy
    LI Getian, XIA Zhonghao, PENG Lu, MA Xingqiao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11010-11014. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.002
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    In this paper, the effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of the alloy is investigated by heat treating the melted Fe2Cr1-xMnxGa samples at different temperatures. It is found that the structure and magnetic properties of Fe2Cr1-xMnxGa are very sensitive to heat treatment and there is a certain degree of disorder. The structure of the prepared samples changes with different conditions of heat treatment, and the change in structure will in turn affect the magnetic behavior of the alloy. The magnetization intensity increases with increasing annealing temperature, indicating that the orderliness of the samples is improved by heat treatment. The magnetization intensity of the samples decreases with the doping of Mn content, which is due to the anti-parallel arrangement of the Fe-Mn spin magnetic moments by the doped Mn atoms.
  • Preparation and properties of cement-based epoxy resin grouting material
    WANG Haiming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11015-11021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.003
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    Cement-based epoxy resin grouting material was prepared by modifying the cement-based epoxy resin (EP) emulsion with ordinary Portland cement P.O42.5 as raw material. The effects of EP doping amount on the phase structure, microstructure, mechanical properties, diffusion resistance and chloride ion erosion resistance of the grout materials were studied. The results show that the addition of EP can prolong the setting time of the grouting material, reduce the water consumption per unit volume of concrete, increase the fluidity, and promote the C—S—H crystallization reaction. When the EP content is 7 wt%, the maximum fluidity of the grout material is 293 mm. With the increase of EP doping amount, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the grouting material in the early stage decrease, and the compressive strength in the later stage increases first and then decreases, and the flexural strength continues to increase. At the age of 28 d, when the EP doping amount is 7 wt%, the maximum compressive strength of the grouting material is 42.15 MPa, and the flexural strength is 12.34 MPa. As the amount of EP doping increases, the contact angle of the grouting material first increases and then decreases, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient first decreases and then increases. When the doping amount of EP is 7 wt%, at 350 min, the maximum contact angle of the grouting material is 36°, and the diffusion resistance performance is optimal. At the curing age of 28 d, the minimum chloride ion diffusion coefficient of the grouting material is 1.15×10-8 cm2/s, with the strongest resistance to chloride ion erosion. It can be seen that the optimal doping amount of EP is 7 wt%.
  • Modification of calcium sulfate hemihydrate composite bone cement by abalone shell
    LIU Jingyu, ZHU Shengli, JIANG Hui, LIANG Yanqin, WU Shuilin, LI Zhaoyang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11022-11029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.004
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    Calcium sulfate hemihydrate composite bone cement has been widely used in clinic because of its good plasticity and in situ self-curing properties. However, its degradation products are acidic and not conducive to subsequent bone tissue regeneration. The main component of abalone shell is calcium carbonate, which can effectively regulate the pH of the microenvironment after bone cement degradation. Because it contains organic factors and trace elements, it greatly improves the biocompatibility of bone cement. In this paper, by adding abalone shell to the bone cement, the injectable property could be increased to 97.20%±0.28%. This is mainly due to the addition of abalone shell powder, which affected the hydration process of the bone cement and prolongated the setting time (up to 26.93 ± 0.31 min). On the other hand, abalone shell powder inhibited the growth of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals, which made the calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals smaller (from 1.42 ± 0.77 μm to 0.90 ± 0.36 μm) in composite bone cement, and effectively alleviated the decrease of pH during the degradation of composite bone cement (from 6.08 ± 0.06 to 6.93 ± 0.02). The cell survival rate was greatly improved from 87.00%±1.60% to 96.41%±1.44%. Therefore, this study indicates that the addition of abalone shell is a potentially effective means to improve the biocompatibility of bone cement in clinical practice.
  • Progress in synthesis and application of bimetallic organic frame materials
    WANG Ruiyu, ZHOU Yong, Zeng Yingmin, ZHANG Jiali
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11030-11037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.005
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    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new kind of porous materials. Bimetal MOFs contain two different metal ions in inorganic nodes. Compared with monometallic MOFs, they have higher porosity and more active sites, and have a wide range of applications in gas adsorption, catalysis, energy storage and conversion, luminescence sensing and other fields. This review first introduces the research progress of bimetallic MOFs, then focuses on the preparation methods and applications of bimetallic MOFs, and finally summarizes and prospects of bimetallic MOF materials.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of laser-cladded high entropy alloy coatings on titanium alloy surface
    SUN Zheng, WANG Yong, YE Yong, CHEN Jie, LIU Quanxiu, LI Hui, LIU Yuxi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11038-11049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.006
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    Due to high specific strength, low thermal coefficient and good biocompatibility, titanium alloys are widely applied in the fields of aerospace, medical device and shipping. However, the problems to be solved are poor wear resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance of titanium alloys. As emerging materials, high entropy alloys with high performance have a great development potential in recent years. It was found that high entropy alloys coating fabricated by laser cladding is effective to enhance wear resistance, high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys. The recent development in laser-cladded high entropy alloy coatings on titanium alloy surface were reviewed in this paper. Firstly, the component designs of high entropy alloys on the surface of titanium alloys were introduced. Furthermore, the effects of laser cladding process parameters on the quality of high entropy alloy coatings were analyzed. In addition, the effects of laser-cladded high entropy alloy coatings on the wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy were systematically discussed. Finally, the challenges and outlook for laser-cladded high entropy alloy coatings on titanium alloy surface were outlined.
  • Research progress of nickel selenide-based electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts
    BAI Miaomiao, LIU Jiangying, HAN Jie, JIANG Peng, BAO Weiwei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11050-11058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.007
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    The urgent need for large-scale hydrogen production has led to extensive research on low-cost, efficient and stable water splitting catalysts. Studies have shown that the chemical properties of selenides and sulfides are not only very similar, but also transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Cu, etc.) selenides have good catalytic effects on hydrogen and oxygen evolution. In recent years, in order to replace noble metals and their derivatives, some reports have proposed various methods to enhance the electrocatalytic activity of nickel selenide (NixSey)-based catalysts. This paper reviews the latest progress of NixSey-based electrocatalysts for HER, OER and overall water splitting. The advantages and limitations of NixSey-based electrocatalysts are discussed from the aspects of interface, defects, crystal structure and composition. In addition, we highlight new strategies and future challenges for the design and synthesis of high-performance electrocatalysts.
  • Research progress and development trend of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys with high Bs
    ZHU Zhengqu, WANG Pu, PANG Jing, ZHANG Jiaquan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11059-11069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.008
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    High BS nanocrystalline alloys (HBNAs) with high permeability, low high frequency iron loss and near zero magnetostriction are ideal for the preparation of high performance small electronic components. The BS of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys has been limited by the level of Fe content in the alloy composition. The search for a balance between the amorphous forming ability (glass forming ability, GFA) of the amorphous precursors and the electromagnetic properties of the back-end is a key challenge to drive the further development of HBNAs. This paper systematically describes the existing understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nanocrystalline crystallization, the crystallization mechanisms and the improvement pathway of the amorphous forming ability of HBNAs. By systematically analyzing the current research status of the preparation of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys and the problems that need to be solved, we aim to provide some inspiration and technical ideas for the development of the composition and design of the annealing process of high-performance nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys in China.
  • Application of carbonaceous functional materials in wastewater treatment
    HU Min, BAI Xue, ZHANG Zhiyao, JIN Pengkang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11070-11079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.009
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    Under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” policy, the green and efficient wastewater treatment process has become a hotspot and has great significance for achieving carbon emission reduction. Carbonaceous functional materials stand out from all kinds of water treatment materials due to their excellent chemical stability, economic applicability, easy modification and environmental friendliness, which is expected to become a new generation of green environmental protection materials in water treatment. This review focuses on the modification principle, characteristics and application progress of carbon functional materials in the water treatment. Meanwhile, the current challenges and future development of carbonaceous functional materials was prospected, with a view to providing references for further development and application.
  • Reviews on the preparation techniques and catalytic applications of low dimensional rare earth nanomaterials
    BAI Zhiyun, LI Yuhua, REN Kecong, JIANG Jinfeng, ZHU Cheng, TAO Jian, DENG Hailiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11080-11090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.010
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    Rare earth nanomaterials exhibit excellent catalytic performance in chemical reactions due to their unique electronic layer structure and physical and chemical properties. Among them, low dimensional nanomaterials possess more excellent performance caused by their larger specific surface area and active site nunbers. Ai ming to the preparation technology and morphology control of low dimensional rare earth nanomaterials, several preparation methods such as solid-phase method, liquid-phase method, and gas-phase method were introduced in this paper. The influencing factors and control schemes of each method on the morphology of nanomaterials were discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method and research progress at home and abroad were analyzed. The future development trend was pointed out. At the same time, the applications of low dimensional rare earth nanomaterials in catalytic fields such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, automotive exhaust treatment, and catalytic combustion was reviewed. The mechanism of rare earth catalysis and research achievements were summarized, and prospects were proposed for the current development status of rare earth nanomaterials in China.
  • Research Progress in Properties of Silicon Carbide Whisker Reinforced Composites
    LONG Lingyin, ZHU Jun, ZHANG Danxia, JIANG Hanmei, WANG Ruzhuan, DI Yongjiang, HE Huichao, HAN Tao, LIU Weitin, JIA Bi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11091-11098. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.011
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    The addition of silicon carbide whiskers as reinforcing elements into the composite matrix plays the role of reinforcement and toughening, which can accelerate the renewal of traditional material products. Among the many reinforcing phases, the main advantage of silicon carbide whisker-reinforced composites is that they improve the strength, hardness, wear resistance, and high-temperature stability of the composites. Therefore, the application of silicon carbide whisker-reinforced composites under severe conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, high speed, and friction is of great importance. Its wide range of applications, involving aerospace, machinery manufacturing, the electronics industry, etc., has important scientific research significance and practical application value. In recent years, China has developed rapidly in the production of silicon carbide whiskers. This paper introduces the nature of silicon carbide whiskers, the strengthening mechanism, and the current research status of silicon carbide whiskers in the application of different matrix composites for performance enhancement, discusses the future challenges of related research work, and gives an outlook on the application prospects of silicon carbide whiskers.
  • Advances in CO2 adsorption based on porous organic polymers
    ZENG Yingmin, ZHOU Yong, BAI Anjiang, QIN Yu, ZHANG Jiali
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11099-11105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.012
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    The greenhouse effect caused by CO2 is a global problem and CO2 capture technologies can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among various CO2 capture technologies, adsorption has been widely used due to its simple process, high efficiency and low regeneration energy consumption. In recent years, the synthesis and development of porous materials with certain pore structure and high adsorption performance has become a hot topic in CO2 adsorption research. Porous organic polymers (POPs) are an emerging porous material with good structure, large specific surface area, excellent physicochemical properties and good adsorption selectivity making them one of the more cutting-edge adsorbent materials in the field of CO2 adsorption and showing great potential in the field of CO2 adsorption. In this paper, the classification, structural characteristics and the latest progress in the field of CO2 adsorption of POPs are briefly introduced, including hypercrosslinked polymers, conjugated microporous polymers, covalent organic frameworks and porous aromatic frameworks. At the same time, the shortcomings and complex synthesis conditions of different types of POPs are analyzed. Finally, it is proposed that expanding its application scenarios and developing new synthesis paths are the prospects for future development.
  • Research progress on wear resistance of surface coating on iron-based surfacing alloy
    HUANG Haitang, CHEN Denghua, HE Qubo, LIU Haiding, LIU Ming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11106-11117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.013
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    The material surface loss caused by wear is the main problem faced by mechanical parts such as agriculture, mining and earthwork equipment. Surfacing alloy with excellent wear resistance on the substrate by surfacing technology can significantly prolong or improve the service life of mechanical parts. Compared with nickel-based and cobalt-based surfacing alloys, iron-based surfacing alloys have the advantages of wide composition range, easy performance regulation and low price, so they have attracted the attention of scholars. In this paper, the research progress of wear resistance of iron-based surfacing alloy surface coating is comprehensively evaluated. The strengthening methods of wear resistance of iron-based surfacing alloy are summarized from three aspects: composition design, compound doping and post-treatment process. Some views on its development direction are put forward, hoping to have certain guiding significance for the future development of wear resistance of surfacing alloy.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation of MoO3 high-transmittance hydrophilic optical films by inductively coupled plasma-enhanced magnetron sputtering
    PENG Jingquan, ZHENG Xuejun, FENG Chunyang, LI Fang, HUANG Le, CHEN Li, ZUO Binhuai, CHEN Lijuan, HE Chucai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11118-11125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.014
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    The inductively coupled plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (ICPMS) is proposed by combining the magnetron sputtering and inductive coupling techniques, and it is used to prepare the high transmittance hydrophilic optical film. The optical and wetting properties, microscopic morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition were characterized by ultraviolet-infrared-visible spectrophotometer, water contact angle tester, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray energy spectrometry. The O/Mo ratio, optical transmittance and water contact angle of MoO3 films were used as the experimental indicators in the orthogonal test, in order to explore the influences of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) oxygen to argon ratio, ICP power, target working pressure and ICP pre-treatment time on the optical and wetting properties. The results show that the influence degree order of the main parameters from strong to weak is ICP oxygen-to-argon ratio, target operating pressure, pre-treatment time and ICP power, and the optimum process parameters optimized are 400/300, 0.15 Pa, 1500 W and 18 min, in one-to-one correspondence. The research provides the specific process method and experimental basis for the preparation of high-quality MoO3 films and the potential application in the high transmittance hydrophilic optical film.
  • Controllable preparation of transition metal-based materials for electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols
    JIN Hua, GAO Yuan, LI Zhiwei, XIONG Kun, ZHANG Haidong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11126-11133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.015
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    Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with abundant sources, green and wide application, which can realize the interconversion of chemical energy and electric energy. It is an important path for achieving deeply clean decarbonization in many fields. In addition, hydrogen will become an indispensable carrier for energy transformation and development. Electrochemically splitting water into hydrogen by renewable energy has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency, easy operation and no secondary pollution. However, the overall efficiency of hydrogen production by water electrolysis is severely restricted by the high overpotential of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the sluggish reaction kinetics. Therefore, it is expected to use thermodynamically more oxidizable chemicals as anode additives to assist water splitting to produce hydrogen, such as electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation, which can not only significantly reduce the overpotential of hydrogen production from water splitting, but also synthesize green products with high added-value. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress of hydrogen production from water splitting assisted by electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations in recent years, and focuses on the reaction mechanism, electrocatalytic performance, and the product selectivity of alcohol oxidations by transition metall catalysts, as well as their structure-activity relationship. Finally, the challenges and development of alcohol oxidations assisted hydrogen production from water splitting are prospected to shed light on rational design of high-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting assisted by electrocatalytic alcohol oxidations.
  • Preparation and properties of polyurethane polymergrouting materials
    QIN Xiuyun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11134-11138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.016
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    Two component polyurethane polymer grouting materials with different densities (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 g/cm3) were prepared. The effects of different densities on the mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties and frost resistance of grouting materials were studied by FT-IR, SEM, stress-strain, thermal conductivity and freeze-thaw cycle tests. The results showed that the difference of density didn't affect the structure of polyurethane, and no new characteristic peak was produced. With the proper increase of density, the cell size of grouting material became smaller, the number of cells increased, and the uniformity and strength of cells were improved. With the increase of density, the maximum stress, compressive strength and elastic modulus corresponding to the stable stage of grouting materials increased first and then decreased. When the density was 0.5 g/cm3, the maximum stress corresponding to the stable stage of grouting materials was 11.09 MPa, the maximum compressive strength was 10.02 MPa, and the maximum elastic modulus was 189.62 MPa. The thermal conductivity distribution range of the prepared grouting material was 0.06~0.08 W/(m· K), with low thermal conductivity and good thermal insulation performance. After 40 freeze-thaw cycles, when the density was 0.5 g/cm3, the loss rate of freeze-thaw cycle strength of grouting material was the lowest 16.06%, and the frost resistance is excellent.
  • Half metallic ferromagnetism of Li1±y (Mg1-xCrx) As with double exchange interaction
    LUO Yiying, ZHANG Weihua, RAN Peilin, DING Shoubing, WU Zhimin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11139-11146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.017
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    In this paper, using the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory, we calculated and analyzed the ferromagnetic stability, electronic structure, spin charge density and differential charge density of 96 atom Li1±y(Mg1-xCrx)As. The results showed that the spin polarized impurity band was introduced by Cr doping, Cr doped into the system created Cr-As covalent bonds that were stronger than Mg-As bonds. The system showed strong half-metallicity and had 7.03 μB magnetic moment. The properties of Li1±y(Mg1-xCrx)As were also controlled by the stoichiometry of Li, for Li0.96875(Mg0.9375Cr0.0625)As, the deviation of the share electron was enhanced slightly, the results revealed that p-d hybridization happened in Cr-3d and As-4p, and the hybridization weakened slightly, the magnetic moment decreased slightly to 6.14 μB; In Li1.03125(Mg0.9375Cr0.0625)As, the sp-d hybridization was occurred, and had the maximum net magnetic moment of 7.61 μB, the minimum half-metallic band gap was 0.375 eV, the system still showed strong half-metallicity, the material transformed to n-type doping. The ferromagnetic coupling of the Li1±y(Mg1-xCrx)As can be attributed to the double exchange interaction, the hopping of itinerant d electrons between the Cr1-As-Cr2 chains resulted in two Cr ions of Li1±y(Mg1-xCrx)As having parallel magnetic moments, thus giving the system a stable ferromagnetism.
  • Preparation and white light properties of silicate basednanomaterials
    ZHANG Chaoguang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11147-11151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.018
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    Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ doped Li2CaSiO4 nanomaterials were prepared based on hydrothermal method. By adjusting the doping concentration of Yb3+,composite white light nanomaterials were obtained under excitation of at 980 nm light source. Li2CaSiO4 nanomaterials were characterized using XRD, SEM, PL, CIE and fluorescence lifetime detection methods. The results showed that Li2CaSiO4 doped with Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ was a tetragonal crystal system, with an undamaged lattice structure and high crystallinity, whose particle size distribution was between 300- 400 nm. Under the excitation of a 980 nm light source, Li2CaSiO4 exhibited blue light at 478 nm, green light at 546 nm, and red light at 661 nm. With the increase of Yb3+ doping concentration, the intensity of all emission peaks increased, and the sample gradually transitioned from the red light region to the blue light region. The color coordinates of sample Li2CaSiO4: 0.1Ho/1Tm/15Yb were already in the white light region, and the specific color coordinates were (0.3385, 0.3212). The average lifetime at 546 nm was tested and it was found that the lifetime of Li2CaSiO4 nanomaterials decreased with increasing Yb3+ doping concentration. The fluorescence lifetime of white light material Li2CaSiO4: 0.1Ho/1Tm/15Yb was 0.332 ms. The decrease in lifespan was mainly due to the increase in Yb3+ doping concentration, which increased the probability of non radiative energy transfer and results in fluorescence quenching.
  • Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescence properties of CaF2: Eu2+ nanopowders
    ZHANG Yue, GUO Yakun, JING Zekun, ZHAN Bin, SHUAI Maobing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11152-11156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.019
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    Inorganic nanoscintillators exhibit a promising innovaion for the detection of tritiated water with highly biotoxicity. In this work, CaF2: Eu2+ nanoparticles were synthesized via hydrothermal method. The effects of reaction conditions on phase composition, microstruture and luminescence properties of nanopowders have been characterized by XRD, SEM and FS. The results show that the obtained nanoparticles are the pure CaF2 phase with cubic structure. The nearly spherical particles are well dispersed with an average size of about 30 nm. CaF2: Eu2+ nanopowders exhibit an emission peak of 425 nm under 339 nm UV excitation, and own the optimal emission intensity at the reaction condition of 180 ℃ and 24 h.
  • Micro-structure, mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of C/C composites modified with high thermal conductivity carbon fibers
    KANG Pan, FANG Jia, YAN Qianjun, MA Chengwei, WANG Zihan, SHE Xiangyu, YANG Xin, HUANG Qizhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11157-11163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.020
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    Using mesophase pitch based carbon fibers (CFMP) as reinforcement and pyrolytic carbon (PyC) and resin carbon as matrix, high thermal conductivity carbon fiber modified carbon/carbon (C/C) composites were prepared by chemical vapor deposition and liquid phase impregnation process. The micro-structure, mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of the modified C/C composites that heat treated at different temperature (2 000 and 3 000 ℃) were investigated. The results show that the structure of CFMP and PyC is not changed obviously after 2 000 ℃ heat treatment, and the interface between PyC and carbon fiber is tightly bonded, with fewer micro-cracks observed at the interface. However, after 3 000 ℃ heat treatment, the graphitization degree of CFMP and PyC increases significantly, meanwhile, obvious micro-cracks are formed at the interface between CFMP and PyC. With 2 000 ℃ heat treatment, the average flexural strength and thermal conductivity of the modified C/C composites are 101.81 MPa and14.739 W/m·K, respectively. However, after 3 000 ℃ heat treatment, the average flexural strength is declined to 49.35 MPa, whereas the thermal conductivity is enhanced to 63.568 W/m·K. The declined flexural strength and enhanced thermal conductivity are mainly associated with the increased graphitization degree of different carbon phases after 3 000 ℃ heat treatment.
  • Preparation of silicon carbon anode materials for lithium ion batteries by fluidized bed
    LUO Man, WU Dewei, HAN Duanfei, XIAO Wende
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11164-11169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.021
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    Silane and ethylene were deposited on the surface of conductive carbon black by fluidized-bed method, and then solid phase sintering was used to prepare the silicon carbon co-coated conductive carbon black anode material for lithium ion batteries with excellent cyclic properties. The process parameters of silane and ethylene co-deposition were optimized by fluidized bed. The inlet ratio, silane concentration, codeposition temperature and solid sintering temperature of silane and ethylene were obtained. The phase, microstructure and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized. The test results show that when the silane and ethylene feed ratio is 2∶1, the codeposition temperature is 500 ℃, and the solid phase sintering temperature is 800 ℃, the co-coated conductive carbon black has the best performance as the anode material of lithium-ion battery. The charge and discharge efficiency of the first circle is 88.19%, and the specific charge and discharge capacity of the first circle is 2 205.0 mAh/g. After 25 cycles, the specific capacity of charge and discharge is 1010.0 mAh/g.
  • Effect of alkali activator on the performance of fly ashgeopolymer concrete
    FANG Mingwei, WANG Dan, ZHOU Fengtao, LI Rongjie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11170-11176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.022
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    Fly ash geopolymer concrete with different LiOH doping amounts (1 wt%, 3 wt%, 5 wt%, 7 wt%) was prepared using metakaolin, level I fly ash, and slag as raw materials, and LiOH as alkali activator. The influence of LiOH content on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of fly ash geopolymer concrete was studied. The results show that the addition of alkali activatorLiOH promotes the reaction of activated silicon and activated aluminum in geopolymer concrete, increases the amount of gel generated, and improves the density of concrete. When the doping amount of LiOH is 5 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete reach their maximum values, which are 48.91 and 5.56 MPa, respectively. The addition of an appropriate amount of LiOH improves the thermal stability and frost resistance of concrete. At 950 ℃, when the LiOH doping amount is 5 wt%, the minimum weight loss of concrete is only 3.9%. When the freeze-thaw cycle is 100 times, the minimum mass loss rate of concrete with 5 wt% LiOH doping is 0.93%, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus is 88.24%, indicating the best frost resistance performance. Comprehensive analysis shows that the optimal doping amount of LiOH is 5 wt%.
  • Effect of dual-doping synergistic Li3PO4 coating on the electrochemical performance of ultrahigh-nickel cathodes
    YANG Fenghua, WU Yunlong, GUO Qi, CHEN Qianlin, LI Cuiqin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11177-11185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.023
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    Ultrahigh-nickel layered oxides, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x≥0.9, x+y+z=1), are used as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by virtue of high energy density, but the capacity retention and thermal stability can deteriorate drastically due to the increase of nickel content. LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 ultrahigh-nickel cathodes were prepared by co-precipitation method, and then by wet mixing combined with high temperature solid state method, Ga3+ and Zr4+ were doped into the lattice of LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2 (NCM) and formed lithium phosphate (Li3PO4) cladding on its surface to overcome the sudden degradation of electrochemical properties. Characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the results showed that the dual-ion doping synergistic surface coating solved the problems of Li+/Ni2+ mixing and interfacial side reactions of the cathode materials. After 200 cycles at 1 C in the voltage range of 2.7-4.3 V, the capacity retention of the sample NCMGZ@LPO2 with the best modification amount was 83.5%, while NCM was only 64.5%. Under the voltage of 4.5 V, the specific capacities of NCMGZ@LPO2 at 0.2 C/10 C were 215.5/143.5 mAh/g, respectively, which were higher than NCM.
  • Preparation and photoelectric properties of high performance perovskite solar cells absorbing layer
    PAN Jing, SU Lijun, LI Jing, DU Liyong, ZHANG Guanghua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11186-11191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.024
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    For perovskite solar cells, the preparation of high-quality perovskite thin films is particularly critical. A perovskite solar cell absorbing layer CH3NH3PbI3 thin film was prepared with N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an organic solvent using a one-step spin coating method. The effects of different annealing temperatures on the crystal structure, microstructure, and optical absorption properties of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films were studied, and based on this, a solar cell was prepared and its photoelectric performance was tested. The results showed that the change in annealing temperature didn't change the main phase structure of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film, but after annealing temperature exceeded 100 ℃, the evaporation rate of DMF increased, and the amount of residual PbI2 increased, resulting in a decrease in the purity of the film. As the annealing temperature increased, the grain size of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film continued to increase, and the absorbance first increased and then decreased. When the annealing temperature was 100 ℃, the grain size distribution uniformity of the film was the best, with a high coverage rate, and the absorbance reached its maximum, resulting in the best absorbance performance. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells assembled with CH3NH3PbI3 thin films first increased and then decreased with the increase of annealing temperature, when the annealing temperature was 100 ℃, the short-circuit current density (Jsc), filling factor (FF), and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the battery were all at their maximum values, which were 20.04 mA/cm2, 70.58% and 15.38%, respectively. The photovoltaic performance of the battery was the best.
  • Study on preparation and properties of sulphoaluminate high performance cement concrete
    GONG Hao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11192-11197. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.025
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    With P.O 42.5 sulphoaluminate cement as the base material, sulphoaluminate high performance cement concrete was prepared by adding S105 slag with different doping amounts to the concrete. The effect of S105 slag doping amount on the lattice structure, microstructure, mechanical properties, frost resistance, and chloride ion diffusion performance of concrete was studied. The results showed that the addition of appropriate S105 slag accelerated the hydration reaction of concrete, increased the uniformity and density of hydration gel, and reduced the occurrence of holes and cracks. With the increase of S105 slag doping amount, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After 28 d of curing, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete with a 30wt% content of S105 slag reached their maximum values, which were 47.4,10.4 and 2.59 MPa, respectively. The addition of S105 slag reduced the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete. After 28 d of curing, the minimum chloride ion diffusion coefficient of concrete with a 60wt% content of S105 slag was 1.35×10-8 cm2/s. The addition of S105 slag improved the frost resistance of concrete. After 90 freeze-thaw cycles, the maximum compressive strength of concrete with a 30wt% content of S105 slag was 35.1 MPa, and the minimum compressive strength attenuation was 25.95%.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effect of crystal form regulation of eucommia ulmoides gum on the absorption performance of composites
    CAI Nianzhi, KANG Hailan, HE Zhihao, WANG Wen, FANG Qinghong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11198-11205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.026
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    In this paper, MWCNTs/EUG composite absorbing materials were prepared by mechanical mixing usingeucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) as matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as absorbing fillers. MWCNTs/EUG composite absorbing materials with different proportions of α and β crystal forms were prepared by isothermal crystallization method. Vector network testing, phase analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed on composites with different crystal form proportions compared with the absorption performance and structure of five MWCNTs/EUG composites with different crystal form proportions. It was found that more α crystal forms improved the absorption capacity of MWCNTs/EUG composite, and the maximum reflectivity loss of MWCNTs/EUG composites with a α crystal form content of 64.59% was -54.04 dB, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (<-10 dB) was 3.14 GHz. By analyzing the structure and electromagnetic parameters of the composites, the mechanism of the influence of α crystal form on the absorption performance of the composite was explored.
  • Simulation study for VOC adsorption in amino-functionalized metal-organic frameworks
    CHEN Wanjuan, GUO Weibiao, XIE Yawei, LIANG Kuan, LI Linmei, ZENG Jiajun, HUANG Langlang, ZENG Aiting, DUAN Chongxiong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11206-11214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.027
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    The study explored the influence of both conventional MIL-101 and amino-functionalized MIL-101 on the adsorption performance of volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, toluene, and p-xylene) was investigated through computational chemistry techniques (Gaussian, Materials Studio, and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo). The results reveal that the MIL-101-NH2 and MIL-101-2NH2 not only offer more adsorption sites for benzene, toluene, and p-xylene but also significantly enhance their adsorption capacity at low pressures.
  • Simulation of the effect of TiB2 on fatigue properties of Al-Si-Cu cast alloys
    ZHAO Lei, MA Zhijun, XIA Feng, GUO Yongchun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11215-11220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.028
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    The influence of TiB2 on the fatigue properties of Al-Si-Cu series alloys was discussed with the help of finite element simulation, and the feasibility of the spatial configuration distribution of the reinforcement to solve the problem of inversion of the strength and toughness of the particle reinforced metal matrix composites was verified, and the test efficiency was effectively improved. In this paper, the different content and distribution characteristics of TiB2 particles are introduced into the two-dimensional geometric model of Al-Si-Cu alloy materials through configuration design methods, and the influence of TiB2 particles on the stress amplitude and fatigue limit distribution of aluminum matrix composites under fatigue conditions is discussed with the help of computer finite element simulation technology. The results show that with the increase of TiB2 particle content, the stress amplitude first decreases and then increases. The minimum value at a particle content of 3% is reduced by 12% compared to no addition. The fatigue limit showed a trend of gradual increase, reaching a maximum at 5% TiB2 content, an increase of 55.9% year-on-year. With the increase of TiB2 agglomeration, the stress amplitude showed an overall trend of increase. The fatigue limit shows a trend of gradual reduction. Combined with the simulation results of fatigue stress amplitude and fatigue limit simulation, it is estimated that when the TiB2 particle content is 3%, the strength, toughness, fatigue strength, tensile strength and yield strength of the material reach the optimal state. This result provides some technical support for the design of TiB2 particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
  • Preparation and properties of VPEG-viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer
    ZHOU Jun, YANG Rui, WANG Zhiyang, XIE Guiming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11221-11229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.029
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    Using 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl polyoxyethylene ether (VPEG) as macromonomer, acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid (MAA) and sodium methallyl sulfonate (SMAS) as comonomers, and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as chain transfer agent, VPEG-viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer PCE-J was synthesized by free radical polymerization under the redox initiation system composed of H2O2/vitamin C (VC). The effects of synthesis process condition on the properties of the synthesized superplasticizer were investigated. The most suitable synthesis process condition was obtained as follows. The reaction temperature was 20 ℃. The ratio of acid to ether was 3.5∶1. The amount of SMAS, MAA, H2O2 and TGA was 0.1 wt%, 2 wt%, 0.7 wt% and 0.6 wt% of VPEG, respectively, and the addition time of A and B was 30 min and 40 min, respectively. The PCE-J and the commercially available viscosity-reducing superplasticizer PCE-S were compared and analyzed in terms of cement paste fluidity, concrete viscosity reduction performance (T50 time, emptying time) and cement test block strength performance. It is concluded that PCE-J has excellent dispersion performance for cement, cement paste fluidity is as high as 305 mm, and has excellent viscosity reduction effect on concrete. The concrete emptying time and T50 time are 4.1 s and 5.7 s, respectively, which can significantly improve the compressive strength of cement test blocks. The compressive strength of 28 d cement test blocks is as high as 67.1 MPa.
  • Optimization design of hydrated magnesium silicate cement mix ratio based on orthogonal experiment
    LI Yue, PAN Bo, LI Hongwen, LUO Xiao, LIN Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(11): 11230-11236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.11.030
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    To prepare hydrated magnesium silicate cement with excellent flowability and early compressive strength, orthogonal experiments were conducted to study the effects of magnesium silicon ratio (Mg/Si), water cement ratio (W/B), and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) on flowability and compressive strength at 3 and 28 days, in order to determine the optimal mix ratio. The results indicate that Mg/Si has a small impact on early compressive strength and flowability, but a significant impact on later compressive strength. W/B and SHMP have a significant impact on early compressive strength and flowability. The optimal mix ratio of hydrated magnesium silicate cement was determined through range and variance analysis: Mg/Si of 1.2 (molar ratio), W/B of 0.41, and SHMP of 3.4%. The influence of various factors on the phase composition and microscopic morphology of hydrated magnesium silicate cement was analyzed by XRD, SEM and other microscopic tests. It was found that the content of Mg(OH)2 in the optimized sample was significantly reduced, and the M-S-H gel was more uniform and dense.
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