30 September 2022, Volume 53 Issue 9

    

• Select all
  |

Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2021)
• Select
  Preparation and properties of hybrid crosslinked nitrile butadiene rubber based on ionic bond and covalent bond

  FANG Wenhang, QI Pengfei, XU Yan, LI Ning, QIU Biwei

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9001-9007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.001

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Based on ionic bond and covalent bond double crosslinking, using NBR as matrix and DCP as initiator, a hybrid cross-linked NBR with high performance and repair efficiency was prepared by blending AMPS and different contents of ZnO or CuO. The effects of content and types for metal oxide on the structure and properties of crosslinked NBR were investigated. The results show that the sulfonic groups on AMPS form ionic bonds with metal ions, and DCP leads to covalent crosslinking of NBR. With the increase of metal oxide content, the crosslinking density increases and tensile strength of hybrid crosslinking NBR increases nearly 4 times. The ionic bond with lower bond energy breaks preferentially and dissipates energy, which increases the elongation at break nearly 3 times. The activation energy of ionic bond formed by copper ion and sulfonic group is greater than that of zinc ion, so it is more effective to improve the toughness of rubber. The reversibility of ionic bond endows rubber with self-healing ability, and the longer the waiting time, the higher the self-healing efficiency.
• Select
  Structure regulation of ultra-stable metal organic framework for enhanced performance in water capture from air

  ZHAO Sai, FU Mao, DONG Yingchao

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9008-9012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.002

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge that threatens human survival, especially for people living in arid regions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is an efficiency way to solve this issue. However, atmospheric water harvesting technology to date still suffers from low adsorption capacity under low relative humidity and drought conditions due to low dew point problem, low water uptake capacity, slow kinetics, and high energy consumption. To solve the issue, we tailored the size and morphology of ultra-stable MOF-801 absorbent by changing different parameters (synthesis time, synthesis temperature, solvent ratio, raw material ratio). The results indicated that the water uptake capacity was increased from 0.229 kg/kg to 0.34 kg/kg (enhancement ratio 48.5%), outperforming most reported MOF absorbents, when the volume ratio of DMF/formic acid solvent was increased from 20/20 to 37/2.5. The mechanism investigation revealed that cavities in MOF-801 absorbent played a key role in improving water uptake capacity. This study provided an alternative protocol for atmospheric water harvesting.
• Select
  Effect of sintering temperature on grain boundary of Zn-Bi varistors

  LIU Jianke, LI Zhizhi, CHEN Jiaojiao, LIU Shihua, XU Rongkai

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9013-9017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.003

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Zn-Bi-Mn-Cr-Si (ZBMCS) varistors were prepared by traditional solid thermal sintering method. The effect of sintering temperature on phase composition, microstructure and electrical properties of ZBMCS varistors were studied. With the continuous increase of sintering temperature, the average grain size of the sample increases gradually, and the pressure-sensitive field strength decreases gradually. The energy dispersion spectrum (EDS) analysis of samples shows that the increase of sintering temperature significantly reduces the content of Bi, and Mn, Cr and Si participate in the formation of Zn₂SiO₄ and other second phases. When the sintering temperature is 990 ℃, the comprehensive properties of the samples reach the best. The maximum nonlinear coefficient is 43.36 and the minimum leakage current density is 1.89 μA/cm². The breakdown field strength is 435.10 V/mm, and the maximum loss tangent tanδ under the action of 10³-10⁶ Hz external electric field is only 0.07.
• Select
  Fabrication of tilted-texture thin films for flexible atomic layer thermopile heat flux sensor

  XIA Tao, ZHAO Ruipeng, CHEN Xi, LI Zhenzhe, TAO Bowan

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9018-9024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.004

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  To measure the heat flow signal of the high temperature aeronautics and astronautics irregular surface, a flexible atomic layer thermopile heat flow sensor was proposed. MgO thin films with inclined texture were grown by inclined substrate deposition technique, and thermoelectric YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ thin films were successfully epitaxial grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Its thermoelectric performance was tested by pulsed laser, and the response time reached 196 ns.
• Select
  Synthesisstrategy of a new two-dimensional material Ti₃C₂T_x and its application in batteries

  CHEN Yizhao, LIU Cunsheng, CHENG Weixiang, LI Yuezhu, HUANG Xingwen, CUI Shuaifu, LIU Haohua, SHU Xugang, LIAO Songyi, MIN Yonggang

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9025-9034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.005

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) is a new two-dimensional transition metal carbide/nitride discovered in 2011. It has attracted much attention in the field of battery in recent years because of its unique graphene-like layered structure, good metal conductivity, excellent hydrophilicity and adjustable layer spacing. This paper mainly summarizes the relatively mature synthesis strategies and preparation methods of MXene (Ti₃C₂T_x) and its composites, and prospects the application research progress of Ti₃C₂T_x composites in the field of batteries, hoping to provide scientific and theoretical reference for the preparation of high-performance MXene electrode materials and their application in ion batteries.
Review & Advance
• Select
  Research progress for solid-liquid phase change latent heat storage materials at medium-low temperature

  TANG Ting, ZHANG Weili, GAO Ning, WEN Yi, LI Sulan, LI Youbing

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9035-9041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.006

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  As a new material, phase change energy storage materials have irreplaceable advantages and application value in building energy conservation and ecological sustainability. The commonly used solid and liquid phase change materials, due to the problem of easy leakage of solid and liquid phase change materials to a certain extent, restrict the development and application of phase change composites. Aiming at the low temperature solid liquid phase change material encapsulation technology, this paper introduces the low temperature phase change latent heat storage material and its phase transformation in packaging technology research status quo. The porous mineral adsorption phase change material, such as diatomite, expanded vermiculite and expanded perlite, and porous carbon based phase change composites based on expanded graphite were given priority to, as well as the preparation of aerogel phase change composite material technology. The load capacity, thermal performance and thermal conductivity of phase change composites are introduced. On this basis, the future research direction of solid and liquid phase variable composites is proposed, in order to provide some reference for the application and promotion of solid and liquid phase variable composites.
• Select
  Research progress of in-situ proppant materials for shale oil volume fracturing

  TANG Meirong, ZHAO Zhenfeng, CHEN Wenbin, DU Zankang, LU Dongmei, DING Shujiang

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9042-9050. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.007

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The complex fracture system formed by the volumetric fracturing of horizontal shale oil wells requires effective support to maximize the effect of volumetric fracturing. However, due to the high density and large particle size of the existing proppants, they are difficult to migrate to the distal end of the main fractures and the interior of the micro-fractures. In order to achieve the support of full-scale fractures in volumetric fracturing, researchers propose the technical idea of generating proppants through in-situ reaction of fracturing fluid and the rock, so that the proppants can go wherever the fracturing fluid goes. In this paper, two kinds of in-situ proppants generation methods under the stratum temperature and pressure are reviewed. One is the synthesis of inorganic mineral particle proppants by hydrothermal method, and the other is the formation of polymer particle proppants sensitive to temperature and pressure. Following the introduction of the methods and principles of in-situ proppant particle generation, the performance of in-situ proppants is compared with that of traditional proppants, and the application prospects of in-situ proppants generation is discussed. Using new fracturing fluid to form in situ proppants under stratum conditions may bring a new change to the whole oil and gas industry and even the energy field. It is hoped that the research towards in-situ proppants formation can attract more attention from researchers.
• Select
  Research progress of silicon/metal oxide composite anode materials

  TANG Meng, WANG Shuai, WU Qinyu, MA Yangzhou, SONG Guangsheng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9051-9060. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.008

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Silicon has been widely concerned for its low delithium potential (about 0.4 V), high theoretical specific capacity (4200 mAh/g), abundant resources and environmental friendly. However, silicon materials have serious volume expansion (>300%) in the process of delithium, which leads to poor cyclic performance and low coulomb efficiency, and thus hinders its practical application. It has been reported that the electrochemical properties of silicon-based anode composites have been significantly improved by using a new strategy of composite treatment of silicon and metal oxides. In this paper, the research achievements in recent years are reviewed from the perspectives of coating silicon by metal oxide and introducing silicide and metal particles by in-situ solid-state reaction with silicon, and the problems to be solved and the development trend of modifying silicon anode materials by metal oxide are also described.
• Select
  Recent progress of cellulose extraction, its membrane preparation and applications

  ZHAN Danya, YU Qiongfen, LI Ming, FAN Jie, CHEN Jie, LI Yinning, LI Aimin, ZHU Rong, WANG Yunfeng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9061-9072. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.009

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  In view of the advantages of cellulose and its various applications, how to obtain cellulose from biomass and make it into a configuration that fits the target application scenario is of great importance. Firstly, the extraction methods of cellulose were summarized, including acid-alkali, ozonolysis, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, organic solvent, and steam explosion. The pros and cons of these extraction methods were compared and analyzed. Secondly, the preparation methods of fibrous membranes were elaborated, including electrospinning, melt spinning and wet spinning. The electrospinning, a simple and cheap technique, is considered to be a commonly used method. More importantly, nanoscale fibers with high specific surface areas can be fabricated by this method and are expected to provide significant contributions to many properties and make a positive impact on the applications. In addition, these recent and excellent applications of fibrous membranes in substance separation, fabrics, photoelectricity and medicine were overviewed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in cellulose extraction, fibrous membrane preparation and application were outlined.
• Select
  Researchstatus of preparation and properties of iron-based soft magnetic materials

  FU Yutian, LI Hui, LIANG Jinglong, ZHANG Sheng, LI Haotian

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9073-9079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.010

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  This paper presents the classification of different soft magnetic materials, and briefly introduces their related properties and application fields. On this basis, the different preparation methods of iron-based soft magnetic materials are summarized, and the main research methods for improving soft magnetic properties are briefly profiled. Finally, the characteristics of different process technologies are briefly generalized and prospects are made.
Research & Development
• Select
  Effect of epoxy resin on mechanical properties and permeability of permeable concrete

  ZHAO Jing, WANG Yijun, SUN Huibin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9080-9084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.011

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  When preparing permeable concrete, epoxy resin (E42 type) was introduced. By changing the doping content of epoxy resin, a series of permeable concrete with different content of epoxy resin (0, 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt%) were prepared. The mechanical properties, permeability coefficient, micro morphology and porosity of epoxy resin permeable concrete were characterized. The results showed that when the doping content of epoxy resin was 3wt%, the compressive strength of samples at 7 and 28 d reached the maximum, which were 9.66 and 11.41 MPa, respectively. The flexural strength of the samples at 28 d reached the maximum value of 1.92 MPa. The permeability coefficient and porosity of the samples reached the lowest value, which were 4.70 mm/s and 22.7%, respectively. SEM analysis showed that the permeable concrete without epoxy resin had obvious holes. When the doping content of epoxy resin was 3wt%, there were basically no obvious hole cracks and the fracture surface was relatively flat, indicating that the micro morphology of permeable concrete was significantly improved and the combination between hydration products was closer after adding an appropriate amount of epoxy resin. When loaded, the strong combination between particles would not easily produce cracks, so as to improve the mechanical properties of permeable concrete. Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimum doping amount of epoxy resin was 3wt%.
• Select
  The microstructure and thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric material

  MA Zhengqing, YANG Mingjie

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9085-9090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.012

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  In this experiment, Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric materials have been prepared by vacuum melting, rapid solidification method, ball milling, cold pressing and atmospheric sintering. The thermoelectric properties of Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric material such as crystal structure, micro morphology, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermoelectric figure of merit, and power factor were characterized. The thermoelectric performance mechanism of S-doped Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric material was studied. The result shows that the crystal structure of Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric material is a hexahedral layered structure of R-3m space group orthorhombic system. The Bi₂Te_2.7-zS_zSe_0.3 thermoelectric material doped with S produces a strong chemical bond of Bi-S than Bi-Te chemical bond. The V′_Te vacancy formation energy E_v (Bi-Te) is reduced, and the Bi′_Te anti-site defect formation energy E_AS(Bi-Te ) is increased, suppressing the inversion defect Bi′_Te and reducing the lattice thermal conductivity and bipolar diffusion thermal conductivity. At the same time, the Bi₂Te_2.7Se_0.3 thermoelectric Fermi energy level is moved to the guide band. The energy band gap is increased, the intrinsic excitation temperature is increased, the minority carrier concentration is reduced, the effective mass of DOS is increased, and the Seebeck coefficient and power factor are increased. Its thermal conductivity is about 300-400 K, Seebeck coefficient of Bi₂Te_2.62S_0.08Se_0.3 thermoelectric material is about -224 μV/K, ZT value is about 0.85, power factor is about 1.48 mW/(m·K²). It shows practical application value for low temperature range refrigeration and temperature difference power generation.
• Select
  Rapid and controllable synthesis of red-emitting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ up-conversion nanomaterials by microwave method

  KANG Chunyang, ZUO Xianwei, HAN Genliang, SONG Qing, CHEN Yunlin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9091-9097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.013

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  In this work, a novel red-emitting NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ up-conversion nanomaterials were rapidly synthesized by single-mode microwave method. The effects of different experiment parameter including reaction temperature, reaction time, solvents, and the concentration of doping ions were investigated and optimized. The morphology, structure and luminescence properties of the samples were characterized by TEM, XRD and fluorescence spectra. The results showed under the optimal conditions, that microwave method could controllably synthesized NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ up-conversion nanomaterials with average particle size of 50 nm and a cubic phase structure. Under the excitation of 980 nm laser, NaYF₄:Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ up-conversion nanomaterials exhibited strong red light emission when the concentration of doping ions were 20% Yb³⁺ and 2% Er³⁺, respectively. By innovating the synthesis method of luminescent materials, this work provided a novel method to simply synthesize the strong red light emitting up-conversion nanomaterials within 10 min, which significantly improved the synthesis efficiency of the materials. The up-conversion nanomaterials synthesized in this study also have great application prospects in the fields of biomarker, cell imaging, biological detection and so on.
• Select
  Study on polypyrrole-polyaniline modified walnut green peel biomass charcoal and its adsorption properties for ibuprofen

  CAO Shijun, SU Qiong, WANG Yanbin, Wei Shuai, LI Zhaoxia, PANG Shaofeng, LIANG Lichun, KANG Lihui, WANG Dian

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9098-9107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.014

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Polyaniline-polypyrrole modified biomass composite (PPMBC) was prepared from walnut peel by in situ chemical oxidation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and EDS were used to characterize PPMBC and walnut peel. The effects of PPMBC dose, contact time, pH, initial concentration and temperature on ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption were studied. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity reached 17 mg/g when the initial concentration of IBU was 50 mg/L, PPMBC dose was 2 g/L, pH=3, temperature 303 K and reaction time 80 min. The adsorption kinetics fitting results showed that the adsorption process of PPMBC on IBU was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption thermodynamics fitting results showed that the reaction was endothermic, entropy increased and spontaneous. The adsorption isotherm fitting results showed that the Temkin model could better fit the reaction process. This study provides a green, efficient and economical way for the treatment of wastewater containing ibuprofen.
• Select
  Performance evaluation of composite phase change temperature regulating asphalt based on rheological properties

  MA Feng, ZHU Chongxin, FU Zhen, JI Xu, WEN Yalu, LIU Jian

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9108-9114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.015

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  In order to study the performance of phase change temperature regulating asphalt, tetradecane-octanoic acid composite phase change microcapsules (T-OAPCMs) were prepared by in-situ polymerization. They were mixed into matrix asphalt and SBS modified asphalt to prepare phase change asphalt and phase change modified asphalt with different contents. The basic physical properties of phase change asphalt were tested by three indexes and Brookfield rotational viscosity, and the high temperature rheological properties of phase change asphalt were studied by temperature scanning test with dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The ductility of phase change asphalt increased significantly after adding T-OAPCMs, low temperature performance was improved. When the content of T-OAPCMs increased, the Brookfield viscosity μ and complex shear modulus G* of phase change asphalt decreased. Rutting factor G*/sin δ reduced by 82%-97% and the critical temperature T_HS decreased by 6-19 ℃. The rutting resistance at high temperature decreased significantly. The fatigue factor G*·sin δ decreased and the fatigue resistance was improved. When the content of T-OAPCMs exceeded 10%, the temperature change had no obvious effect on the fatigue resistance of asphalt.
• Select
  Size-controlled synthesis and degradation RhB property of birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflowers

  HAO Xinli, ZHAO Jingzhe, LI Linyi, CHANG Shuoshuo, LI Lufeng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9115-9121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.016

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Rhodamine B is an important dye pollutant that needs to be removed. Researchers have been interested in developing and implementing various nanomaterials to degrade Rhodamine B from water. Birnessite-MnO₂ nanomaterial with a two dimensional layered structure has been widely used in degrading rhodamine B. In this paper, birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflowers were synthesized by self-decomposition reaction of potassium permanganate in 90 ℃ under acidic condition. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Sodium oleate was added to synthesize the samples with different size and the mechanism is also discussed. As the amount of sodium oleat increasing, the size of the sample obtained was smaller. The size of the as-prepared samples ranged from 50 to 800 nm. The degradation Rhodamine B property of the samples obtained was discussed. The samples synthesized were used to degrade Rhodamine B in acidic condition without light source added. The size of the sample and pH value were discussed to evaluate degradation property of the birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflower. The results show that the smaller the sample size, the better the degradation performance. When pH value was below 4, the birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflower had the best degradation property, and the degradation rate of Rhodamine B could reach 92.4%. After five cycles of degradation, the RhB degradation was above 85%.
• Select
  Preparation and thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogel insulation materials

  DING Yonghua, PANG Yuling

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9122-9126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.017

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  A series of SiO₂ aerogel insulation materials with different ammonia concentration were prepared by acid-base two step sol-gel process and atmospheric drying process, in which MTMS was selected as silicon source, 0.5 mol/L oxalic acid solution was used as acid catalyst, and ammonia with different concentrations (1, 3, 5 and 7 mol/L) was used as alkali catalyst. The effects of ammonia concentration on the crystal structure, microstructure, physical properties and thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogels were studied by XRD, SEM and FT-IR. The results showed that the SiO₂ aerogel insulation materials were amorphous structure, and the size of the secondary particles was about 200 nm. The increase of ammonia concentration would increase the uniformity of the distribution of SiO₂ aerogel particles, and the agglomeration would occur when the concentration of ammonia water was too large. With the increase of ammonia concentration, the pore size of SiO₂ aerogel changed little, and the gel time, porosity and pore volume decreased first and then increased, the density increased first and then decreased, and the thermal conductivity decreased first and then increased. When the concentration of ammonia was 5 mol/L, the shortest gelation time of SiO₂ aerogel was 13.2 min, the maximum density was 0.14 g/cm³, the minimum porosity was 92.34%, and the minimum thermal conductivity was 0.021 W/(m·K). The particle distribution was uniform, the morphology was the best, and had good thermal insulation performance. It has broad application prospects in energy-saving building materials.
• Select
  Polyethylenimine-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles as an effective photothermal platform for rapid killing of bacterial pathogens

  WANG Yan, SATHISHKUMAR Gnanasekar, GOPINATH Kasi, HE Xiaodong, ZHANG Kai, XU Liqun

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9127-9133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.018

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Nowadays, the adverse side effects of existing antibiotics and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) have a severe impact on public health. To overcome these obstacles, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial therapeutics. In this work, polyethyleneimine-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-PEI NPs) with different pyrrole contents were prepared by a simple chemical reaction. The characteristics of the PPy-PEI NPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopic analysis. Moreover, the antibacterial photothermal activity of the PPy-PEI NPs was evaluated against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results unveil that the synthesized PPy-PEI NPs could completely inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens under 808 near-infrared light irradiation. Therefore, PPy-PEI NPs, as photothermal agents, have an excellent application prospect in the field of antimicrobial photothermal therapy.
• Select
  Improving phase change characteristics of binary sugar alcohols through combined application of nucleating agent and thickener

  SHAN Shaofei, MO Songping, JIA Lisi, CHEN Ying

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9134-9140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.019

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  In this study, to improve the phase change characteristics of binary sugar alcohols, alumina nanoparticles as nucleating agent and sodium alginate as thickener were added to binary sugar alcohols of mannitol and inositol. The phase change characteristics of the pure binary sugar alcohols and the composite materials were studied by differential scanning calorimeter. Experimental results show that the alumina nanoparticles and a small quantity of sodium alginate promoted the nucleation and crystallization of the binary sugar alcohols. The combined application of alumina nanoparticles and sodium alginate further improved the nucleation and crystallization characteristics of the binary sugar alcohols compared with those adding either alumina nanoparticles or sodium alginate alone. The lowest supercooling degree and highest phase change enthalpy were obtained when the mass fraction of the alumina nanoparticles and sodium alginate were 3.0% and 0.5%, respectively, at which the supercooling degree was reduced by 22.0 ℃, while the melting enthalpy and solidification enthalpy were increased by 8.9% and 29.7%, respectively, compared with the pure binary sugar alcohols.
• Select
  A first-principles study on the electronic structure and light absorption properties of novel SiAsP two-dimensional Janus materials

  YUE Zihao, ZHANG Hui

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9141-9146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.020

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Based on the new emerging two-dimensional (2D) material of SiP₂, this work proposes three novel 2D materials: monolayer SiAs₂, α-SiAsP and β-SiAsP by the first-principles calculation of density functional theory. Electrostatic potential calculation shows that the three materials are asymmetric in the directions perpendicular to the plane, and are Janus materials. The above materials possess high structural stability and are indirect semiconductors with band gap of 2.21, 2.43 and 1.76 eV, respectively. More interestingly, they can effectively absorb visible as well as ultraviolet light. Moreover, β-SiAsP is even capable of absorbing near-infrared light. Therefore, 2D monolayer SiAs₂, α-SiAsP and β-SiAsP Janus materials have certain application prospects in the field of optics and electronics.
• Select
  Preparation and rheological properties of oil-based TiO₂ nanofluids

  HOU Xianjun, SU Da, WANG Youheng, YE Xinyu, JIANG Hua

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9147-9153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.021

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Oil-based TiO₂ nanofluids with good stability were prepared by the two-step method. The rheological properties of nanofluids were studied by rotational viscometer, and the effects of shear rate, nanoparticle concentration and temperature on the viscosity of nanofluids were investigated. The results show that the viscosity of TiO₂ nanofluid increases with the increase of concentration, and decreases exponentially with the increase of temperature. Combined with the experimental data, an empirical formula for calculating the viscosity of oil-based TiO₂ nanofluid was developed.
• Select
  Preparation of high-performance SiO₂ aerogel material and its thermal insulation performance

  WANG Jing, ZHANG Yibin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9154-9158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.022

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  SiO₂ aerogel material with different amounts of oxalic acid (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mL) were prepared by sol-gel method using tetraethyl orthosilicate as silicon source, deionized water as solvent and oxalic acid as an acid catalyst. The effects of oxalic acid dosage on the crystal structure, microstructure and thermal conductivity of aerogel materials were studied. The results showed that the prepared SiO₂ aerogels were amorphous, and the particles were interconnected and stacked, and the particle size was about 70-90 nm. The increase of oxalic acid dosage increased the crystallinity of aerogels, but didn't change the main structure of SiO₂ aerogels. With the increase of oxalic acid dosage, the density and thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogels showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, and the porosity, total pore volume and specific surface area increased first and then decreased, while pore size distribution wasn't affected by the amount of oxalic acid. When the dosage of oxalic acid was 1.5 mL, the density and thermal conductivity of SiO₂ aerogels reached the minimum value of 0.1021 g/cm³ and 0.019 W/(m·K) respectively, and the porosity, total pore volume and specific surface area reached the maximum value of 95.86%, 0.6773 cm³/g and 261.4 m²/g, respectively. It was known that when the dosage of oxalic acid was 1.5 mL, the SiO₂ aerogel material had excellent thermal insulation performance and great application potential in the field of thermal insulation building materials.
Process & Technology
• Select
  Effect of cryo-processed iorn-based amorphous powder on the wear properties of cold sprayed coatings

  WANG Qiang, MAO Xuan, NIU Wenjuan, HAN Peng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9159-9165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.023

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The iron-based amorphous alloy powder was subjected to cyclic cryogenic treatment to enhance the ability of plastic deformation, and coatings were deposited on substrate materials with different hardness, including AZ31B magnesium alloy, 6061 alu minum alloy and Q235 carbon steel. The effect of cryogenic treatment on the cold spray deposition behavior of iron-based amorphous powder on different substrate materials was studied. The interfacial bonding state between coatings and substrate materials, the friction and wear properties of cold sprayed coatings were comprehensively evaluated. Results show that the hardness, thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of the substrate will affect the strain condition, heat dissipation rate and rebound energy of the particles, and then affect the deformation state, compactness and deposition efficiency of the coating. The cryogenic treatment improved the deposition efficiency of amorphous particles, resulting in a great increase of coating thickness. With the increase of hardness of substrate materials, the friction coefficient of substrates and coatings increased, and the wear loss reduced. Compared with the substrate, amorphous alloy particles effectively inhibited the cutting action of the grinding ball, leading to the decrease of the friction coefficient and mass loss of original amorphous coating. In comparison, amorphous coatings made of cyro-processed powders had higher density, the friction coefficient curve was more stable and the mass loss was further reduced. The wear mechanism of magnesium alloy matrix and the amorphous coating is abrasive and oxidative wear. The wear mechanism of alu minum alloy matrix is adhesion, fatigue and oxidative wear, while abrasive and oxidative wear are observed in the amorphous coating. The wear mechanism of carbon steel matrix and the amorphous coating is fatigue and oxidative wear.
• Select
  Effect of Ni content on the hydrogen storage properties of Y-Mg-Ni based alloys

  YAO Jiwei, JI Yanquan, YONG Hui, WANG Shuai, HU Jifan, ZHANG Yanghuan

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9166-9174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.024

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The alloy with nominal composition Y₅Mg_95-xNi_x (x=5, 10, 15) was successfully prepared by vacuum induction melting. The XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS were used to characterize the microstructure and composition of the alloy before and after reaction with hydrogen. The isothermal hydrogenation and dehydrogenation kinetics of the experimental alloy were measured by Sievert instrument after five activation treatments. The results indicate that the addition of Ni refines the grain size, increases the surface area of the alloy in contact with H₂, and significantly improves the rate of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation reaction of the alloy at low temperature. The hydrogen dissociation rate on the surface of the alloy was increased, the Mg-H bond was weakened, the activation energy was reduced, and the hydrogen absorption kinetics was improved obviously after the substitution of elemental Ni. However, the addition of Ni element has little effect on the thermodynamics of the alloy, and further research is needed to improve the thermodynamic properties of the alloy.
• Select
  Thermal conductivity of shockedLiF crystal via first-principles investigation

  YANG Chen, WANG Yan, CHEN Nandi, YU Baishu, ZENG zhaoyi, LIU Xun

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9175-9180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.025

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Based on first principles lattice vibration method, we investigate phonon dispersion relation of LiF under high pressure. The phonon dispersion curves of LiF agree well with the experiments. The Hugoniot equation of state and elastic constants of LiF are also obtained successfully. From the elastic constant, we calculate the Hugoniot acoustic velocities. The calculated results show the crystal structure of lithium fluoride remains stable within the calculated pressure and temperature range. The lattice thermal conductivity of LiF is accurately computed at 100 GPa, 2000 K from a first-principles theoretical approach based on an iterative solution of the Boltzmann transport equation. The lattice thermal conductivity of lithium fluoride crystal along Hugoniot line is predicted. The results provide important reference data for shock wave temperature measurement.
• Select
  Effectof molten salt reaction temperature and ultrasonic wave on the second phase and grain refining property of Al-5Ti-1B refiner

  GUO Lu, LIU Zhihong, ZUO Xiaoqing, LI Ping, ZHOU Yun, YAN Jing ming

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9181-9188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.026

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner was prepared by fluorine salt method. The influences of reaction temperature of fluorine salt and ultrasonic treatment on the second phase and the refinement property of grain refiner were investigated. The results show that in the range of 760 ℃ to 820 ℃, with the increase of temperature, the reaction constant k of fluorine salt and the yielding rate of Ti and B elements increase, the average sizes of the second phase TiAl₃ and TiB₂ decrease, which are 15 μm and 3 μm respectively at 800 ℃. When the reaction temperature exceeding 800 ℃, the reaction standard Gibbs free energy of fluorine salt increases, resulting a decreased number and an increased size of the second phases. The sound flow effect produced by ultrasonic wave causes a circulation in the Al melt, which makes the fluorine salt reaction more sufficient and the content of the second phase higher. At the same time, the cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves disperses the second phase, and reduces the average size of TiAl₃ and TiB₂ to 10 μm and 1.23 μm respectively. Under the conditions of reaction temperature 800 ℃ and ultrasonic treatment 3 min, the Al-5Ti-B refiner with the best grain refining effect that reducing the average grain size of commercial pure alu minum to 102 μm, is obtained, which is 15 % higher than that of domestic refiner and close to imported refiner.
• Select
  Preparation and properties of Sn(HPO₄)₂ nanosheet/Sn anode material for lithium ion battery

  YU Ping, MA Mei, LI Huan, YU Binhao

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9189-9194. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.027

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  With the update of mobile and portable electronic equipment, people have higher requirements for improving the performance of lithium ion battery. As a key factor affecting the electrochemical performance of lithium storage-anode materials, its latest research has become a hot spot of widespread concern. In this paper, α-Sn(HPO₄)₂·H₂O was exfoliated into Sn(HPO₄)₂ nanosheets (SNS) by intercalation method, which retained the layered crystal structure and exposed more active sites for lithium storage. Furthermore, the SNS obtained by stripping were further combined with Sn nanoparticles with high specific capacity of lithium storage by electroless plating method. The results show that the Sn/SNS composite has better electrochemical performance of lithium storage than SNS. The specific capacity of Sn/SNS-Ⅲ is 475.7 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g current density. The specific discharge capacity is 449.5 mAh/g after 500 cycles at 0.2 A/g current density, and the capacity retention rate is 63.49% after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g current density. This is mainly attributed to the Sn nanoparticles (~10 nm) uniformly distributed on the SNS surface can provide additional lithium storage sites, and the effective support of SNS to the nanoparticles can alleviate the volume expansion during the charging and discharging process, thus Sn/SNS composites exhibits high lithium storage capacity and good cyclic stability.
• Select
  Rate effects on the flexural properties of high ductility cementitious composites

  LIU Minghui, YU Zhihui, ZHANG Cong

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9195-9200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.028

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The effect of different loading rates (0.1 mm/min, 1 mm/min, 10 mm/min and 50 mm/min), different contents of PVA fibers (volume fraction of 1.5%, 1.75% and 2%) and the hybrid use of PVA fibers and calcium carbonate whiskers on the flexural properties of HDCC (high ductility cementitious composite) were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the flexural strength of HDCC increased with the increase of loading rate, but the energy absorption capacity and flexural toughness of the specimens decreased. PVA fibers controlled the flexural properties of HDCC, and the flexural properties deteriorated with the decrease of PVA fiber content at the same loading rate. Compared with the specimens only reinforced by 1.75% or 1.5% PVA fibers, the hybrid use of calcium carbonate whiskers improved the flexural strength, flexural toughness and energy absorption of HDCC specimens at different loading rates. Compared with the addition of 2% PVA fibers, the hybrid use of 1.75% PVA fibers and 1% calcium carbonate whiskers did not cause significant degradation of HDCC's flexural properties at different loading rates, but reduced HDCC's cost and improved its cost performance.
• Select
  Study on preparation and properties of super-hydrophobic cement-based coating with high stability

  KONG Xiangqing, DU Haoran, YIN Shengguang, ZHANG Wenjiao, SHEN Yidan, FU Ying

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9201-9208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.029

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The micro nano rough surface of cement-based materials was constructed by the combination of modified copper mesh lithography and SiO₂, and the surface was modified by octadecyla mine grafted humic acid as a low surface energy material to prepare a highly stable superhydrophobic cement-based material coating. The effects of different concentrations of SiO₂ in the coating and the re-etching of modified copper mesh on its hydrophobic properties were studied, and the optimum concentration of SiO₂ was deter mined. In addition, the surface morphology, structure and bonding of cement-based materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). At the same time, the water absorption and coating stability of superhydrophobic cement-based materials were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that when the concentration of SiO₂ is 2.5%, the surface contact angle of cement-based materials re-engraved with modified copper mesh treated by impregnation method reaches the peak value of 158.6° and the rolling angle is as low as 5.5°. The water absorption decreases by 73.5%. After that, after repeated 30 times of tape stripping surface test and knife scraping test, the coating still remains superhydrophobility (contact angle 150.2°, rolling angle 8.2°), which confirms that the coating surface treated by this method has superhydrophobility and good stability.
• Select
  Effect of fly ash/different aggregates on the mechanical properties of fibre reinforced self-compacting recycled concrete

  WANG Jinhao, ZHENG Chuanlei, JIN Baohong, ZHAO Yadi, LI Shuxiang, LI Xinzheng, YANG Baoming, HOU Yufei

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9209-9218. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.030

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Based on orthogonal tests comparing 16 groups of C30 fibre self-compacting recycled concrete, the effects of polyvinyl alcohol fibre (PVA), steel slag stone, fly ash and wrapped slurry recycled aggregate on the mechanical properties of fibre self-compacting recycled concrete were investigated. The results show that fly ash has a significant effect on compressive strength, splitting strength and bending strength, with a maximum increase of 34.4%, 21.6% and 16.9% respectively. PVA has a certain effect on splitting strength, with a maximum increase of 9.1%. Steel slag stone and wrapped slurry recycled aggregate have no significant effect on all three strengths, but steel slag stone has a higher significance on splitting and bending strength than wrapped slurry recycled aggregate, and the opposite for compressive strength. The efficacy coefficient method was used to score the four factors, and the optimum ratio was obtained as 1vol% PVA, 10wt% steel slag stone, 30wt% fly ash and 50wt% wrapped slurry recycled aggregate. The results of other scholars' studies were introduced, and a non-linear regression analysis was carried out on the mechanical test data. The new conversion equation obtained was well correlated and had some reference value. Suggestions are made for the industrial production of the cladding process.
• Select
  Insulation and corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on copper alloy

  PENG Zhenjun, XU Hui, LUO Lan, LIANG Jun

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9219-9225. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.031

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings (PEO coatings) with corrosion protection and insulation properties were prepared on copper alloy by aluminate electrolyte system. The microstructure and structural composition of the PEO coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffrotometer (XRD). The corrosion protection of the PEO coatings were evaluated by electrochemical and salt spray corrosion test. The leakage current and voltage of the PEO coatings under AC and DC conditions were measured by puncture tester. The results show the PEO coatings on copper alloy surface tends to grow outward in form of electrolyte deposition. As the oxidation voltage increased, more of the copper alloys were oxidized, and the PEO coatings was thicker. The corrosion current density decreased by 3 orders of magnitude compared with copper substrate, and no obvious corrosion products were found after 732 h neutral salt spray test. The breakdown voltage in DC and AC modes were increased to 750V and 600V respectively. The PEO coatings prepared in high voltage had higher growth rate and showed excellent corrosion resistance and insulation performance.
• Select
  Effect of C addition and annealing conditions on the magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe₈₄Si₂P₃B_10.5-xC_xCu_0.5 (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) ribbons

  WAN Yuan, ZHANG Cong, TANG Yichuan, LIANG Xiaohan, HUANG Jingjian, TANG Chengying

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9226-9230. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.032

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  We report the effect of substituting C for B on the glass formation, magnetic behaviors and thermal properties of Fe₈₄Si₂P₃B_10.5-xC_xCu_0.5 (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5) alloys ribbons. The results show that with the increase of C content, the amorphous forming ability of the alloy was gradually enhanced, and the saturation magnetic induction intensity (Bs) of the alloy was obviously improved. The soft magnetic properties were also obviously improved. When X was 1.5, Fe₈₄Si₂P₃B₉C_1.5Cu_0.5 exhibited good soft magnetic performance that was characterized by a high saturation magnetic flux density of 1.75 T, and the coercivity force Hc was 2.1 A/m. After annealed at 653 K and 773 K for 300 s, the Bs and Hc increased with the precipitation of α-Fe phase.
• Select
  Preparation and properties of high performance epoxy resin permeable concrete

  LI Zheng, LI Hongliang, SUN Jinming

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(9): 9231-9236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.09.033

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  High performance epoxy resin permeable concrete was prepared with different mass fractions (0, 1%, 2%, 3%) of waterborne epoxy resin as modifier. The effects of epoxy resin doping on the mechanical properties, water permeability, frost resistance and micro morphology of permeable concrete were studied. The results show that proper amount of epoxy resin can increase the viscosity between aggregate and mortar, and improve the bonding strength, so as to improve the mechanical properties, water permeability and frost resistance of modified permeable concrete. With the increase of epoxy resin content, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the modified permeable concrete first increased and then decreased, and the permeability coefficient and mass loss first decreased and then slightly increased. When the doping amount of epoxy resin was 2 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength at 28 d reached the maximum values, which were 13.17 and 1.26 MPa respectively, and the water permeability coefficient and mass loss rate (under 60 freeze-thaw cycles) reached the minimum values, which were 4.84 mm/s and 0.3233% respectively. The doping of epoxy resin improves the structural compactness of permeable concrete. When the doping amount of epoxy resin is 2 wt%, the modified permeable concrete has the highest structural compactness, less microcracks and the best frost resistance.