30 August 2021, Volume 52 Issue 8
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2020)
  • Preparation of CeO2/CuBi2O4 heterojunctions and their photocatalytic properties
    YUE Mingyue, ZHU Jia, LI Tianbao, LUO Jujie, ZHAI Guangmei, GUO Junjie, XU Bingshe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8001-8007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this article, CuBi2O4 nanorods are prepared by hydrothermal method, and then Ce(OH)3 layer is deposited on the surface by wet chemical method and calcined to prepare CeO2/CuBi2O4 heterojunction photocatalyst. The CeO2/CuBi2O4 composite photocatalyst is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Mott-Schottky plot (M-S). Rhoda mine B (RhB) is used as the target pollutant to study the effect of CeO2 doping on the photocatalytic performance of CeO2/CuBi2O4 heterojunction under simulated sunlight. The results show that when 10% CeO2 is added into the composite, the degradation efficiency of RhB reaches the maximum (93.1%, 60 min), which is 30.6% higher than that of pure CuBi2O4 (71.3%, 60 min). Through free radical capture experiments, it is deter mined that the active substances that play a major role in the photocatalysis experiment are ·O-2 and h+. Combined with the analysis of electron band structure, it is considered that the effective separation of photogenerated electron hole- pairs under the built-in electric field of p-n heterojunction is the main reason for the improvement of photodegradation efficiency. This study provides an application of CuBi2O4-based heterojunction in photocatalysis, which is of great significance to meet the growing environmental needs in the future.
  • Preparation of cyclobutane-based polyimide alignment films and the photoalignment research
    ZHI Xinxin, WEI Xinying, QI Haoran, LIU Jingang, LIU Yangai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8008-8016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.002
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    A series of poly(amic acid) (PAA) alignment agents are prepared from 1,2,3,4- cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) and various aromatic diamines, including 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DMDA), 3,3′,5,5′- tetramethyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TMMDA), 3,3′-dimethyl-5,5′-diethyl-4,4′-diamino- diphenylmethane (DMDEDA), 1,1-bis[(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl)phenyl]-1-phenylmethane (PTMDA), and 1,1-bis[(4-amino-3,5-dimethyl)phenyl]-1-(3′-trifluoromethylphenyl)methane (TFMDA), respectively via low-temperature polycondensation procedure. Liquid crystal (LC) minicells are fabricated by using the prepared PAAs as the alignment agents. The polyimide (PI) alignment films obtained by thermally curing of the PAAs exhibits good thermal stability with the 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 450 ℃. The PI alignment films show good alignment ability to the LC molecules after exposure by the linear polarized ultraviolet light (LPUV) (wavelength: 254 nm). The LC molecules show the pretilt angles (θp) in the range of 0.28-0.47°. The LC minicells show low residual direct current voltage (RDC) features with the RDC values as low as 364 mV.
  • Fabrication of Z-scheme p-TiO2/Au/g-C3N4 by loading highly dispersed Au nanoparticles over interface and its photocatalytic performance
    CHEN Xue, WANG Songbo, HE Ting, YIN Zhen, ZHANG Lei, DU Wei, WANG Xuekui, TANG Na
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8017-8023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.003
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    Highly dispersed Au nanoparticles are in-situ loaded on the surface of p-type TiO2 with metal defects (APT) and combined with g-C3N4 to obtain p-TiO2/Au/g-C3N4 indirect Z scheme (PTC-x). The composition and structure of the as-prepared PTC-x are characterized by inductively coupled plasma Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and free radical quenching experiments. Meanwhile, the photo/electrocatalysis performance and charge transfer mechanism of the composites are studied. The results indicate that due to the anchoring effect of surface defects on Au nanoparticles, the loaded Au in PTC-x is highly dispersed and the content is extremely. Moreover, the existence of Au over the interface changes the charge transfer mechanism from type-II to Z-scheme, which realizing the spatial separation of charge carriers as well as keeping higher redox capability, and thus showing higher photocatalysis performance. Under illumination, the as-fabricated p-TiO2/Au/g-C3N4 Z-schemes exhibit an order of photocatalysis performance of PTC-1 > PTC-1.25 > PTC-0.75 > APT > g-C3N4. In particularly, the degradation rate for phenol of PTC-1 is 7.9-fold, 2.3-fold than that of g-C3N4 and APT, respectively.
  • Efficient and selective adsorption of cationic dyes by maleic anhydride modified passion fruit peel
    YOU Shaohong, YANG Qi, ZHENG Junli, LUO Xiangping, CHEN Kaiwei, SHI Yucui, MA Lili
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8024-8030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.004
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    A new carboxylic acid functionalized biological adsorbent for passion fruit peel is successfully prepared and its selective removal of cationic dyes in aqueous solution is explored. BET, SEM, EDS, FTIR, TGA and XRD are used to characterize the prepared biological adsorbents of passion fruit peels modified by maleic anion (PFPCM), and their adsorption properties and mechanisms for methylene blue (MB) and methyl violet (MV) are studied by intermittent adsorption experiments. The results show that PFPCM not only has fast adsorption rate and excellent adsorption performance, but also has good adsorption selectivity to cationic dyes (such as MB and MV). The adsorption process follows quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isothermal adsorption model, and the maximum adsorption capacity for MB and MV are 529.10 mg/g and 1410.38 mg/g, respectively. In addition, after 6 cycles of adsorption-desorption, the removal rates of MB and MV by PFPCM reach above 96%, indicating that the adsorbent has good recyclability and reuse ability. PFPCM has good adsorption capacity, excellent adsorption selectivity and good reuse performance, and can be used as an efficient adsorbent to remove cationic dyes from water pollution.
  • Research progress in self-healing superhydrophobic surfaces
    YANG Hong, BAO Yan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8031-8041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.005
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    Superhydrophobic surface has broad application prospects in real life due to its excellent performance. However, it easily loses superhydrophobicity when damaged by physical or chemical effects, resulting in a shortened service life. Therefore, the preparation of superhydrophobic surface with self-healing property is one of the hot spots in current research. This paper takes two necessary conditions for constructing superhydrophobic surface as the starting point and reviews the research progress of self-healing superhydrophobic surface from three aspects, including self-healing of low-surface energy substances, self-healing of surface roughness, and simultaneous self-healing of both low-surface energy substances and surface roughness. The application progress of self-healing superhydrophobic surface is also summarized. And the future development trend of self-healing superhydrophobic surface is finally prospected in order to provide reference and guidance for the development of self-healing superhydrophobic surface.
    • Review & Advance
  • Preparation and characterization of single atom materials and their application progress in gas sensors
    DENG Zongming, XU Dong, MA Yuxiang, ZHANG Yumin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8042-8051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.006
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    The development of gas sensor technology has a positive effect on the development of human society. Recent studies have shown that atomic-level dispersed materials have ultra-high activity, unique electronic structure and quantum size effect, etc. Therefore, loading certain single atoms on certain gas-sensing materials will significantly improve the gas-sensing properties. This article reviews the preparation and characterization techniques of single atom materials in recent years and their research progress in gas sensors, and analyzes the performance advantages of single atom materials, single-atom loading strategies, analysis methods, gas sensitivity and mechanisms, etc. The existing problems and the future development trend of single atom material based gas sensors are discussed, and finally some relevant opinions on the application and development of single atom materials in gas sensors are put forward.
  • Research progress of layered Na2Ti3O7 anode material for sodium ion batteries
    WEN Shuxiang, WANG Shimin, ZHANG Jingjing, LI Shiyou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8052-8059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.007
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    The layered sodium titanate (Na2Ti3O7) material has gradually become one of the most attractive research focuses for sodium ion batteries due to its advantages of low working voltage, stable structure, low cost and environmental protection. The preparation methods of Na2Ti3O7 anode materials in recent years are reviewed in this article. The main reasons for the electrochemical performance degradation of Na2Ti3O7 are emphatically analyzed from the perspectives of volume expansion, phase change, and surface side reactions. Furthermore, we introduce the modification methods for Na2Ti3O7, such as oxygen vacancies introduction, doping, surface modification, morphology control, etc. Finally, the future development and research direction of Na2Ti3O7 anode materials are also prospected.
  • Progress on functional modification of layered double hydroxides and their application
    WU You, QIN Luyan, WANG Yanhua, GUO Xincheng, CHEN Shaopeng, CHEN Xiaolang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8060-8067. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.008
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    Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has attracted the attention of researchers due to their excellent structure and properties. Such materials can be synthesized and modified quickly with high efficiency by using facial methods. In addition, LDHs have been applied in many fields recently. This work mainly reviews the versatility of modified LDHs and the preparation methods of LDHs materials, as well as their use as catalysis, adsorption, flame retardancy, and antibacterial aspects, and eventually look into the future development and research direction of LDHs nano-materials.
  • Progress of the modified electrode's composite materials of electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A detection
    ZHOU Yang, SHE Xiaoyan, LIU Xinwei, XIAO Jiangrong, PENG Tianyou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8068-8080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.009
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    Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate plastics, flame retardants, cosmetics and even baby products. However, as an endocrine disruptor, it can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders. In severe cases, it can cause various cancers. Among all kinds of BPA detection techniques, electrochemical methods are paid more attention because of their advantages such as simple operation, fast response time, high sensitivity, low cost and portable instrument. In this review, the research progress of the modified electrode's composite materials of electrochemical sensor for BPA detection in the past 5 years and its application in the analysis of real samples are summarized. The preparation of electrode modified composite materials and the performance of the electrochemical sensors for BPA detection are emphasized so as to provide reference and new ideas for its future development and practical application.
  • Graphene: chemical and structural functionalization
    WANG Rong, ZHU Changjun, Li Lei, TIAN Juan, LI Lianbi, ZHANG Guoqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8081-8087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.010
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    Graphene is a nanomaterial composed of two-dimensional mono-crystalline structure with a single atomic layer. It has excellent properties in optics and mechanics, however its hydrophobicity and biological incompatibility limit its applications. In order to solve this problem, the functionalization of graphene has become a research hotspot in recent years. Functionalized graphene, including graphene oxide, graphene polymer composites, angular graphene, graphene aerogels and super tough graphene, is modified by physicochemical treatment and structure improvement to make the graphene functional. Functionalized graphene has excellent photoelectric properties, including high sensitivity, high responsiveness and high detection degree, etc. It can be used for industrial detection and monitoring, three-dimensional morphology measurement, biomedicine and other neighborhood. In this paper, the properties and preparation methods of functionalized graphene are discussed, the latest progress of functionalized graphene is introduced, and its applications in different devices and its excellent properties are described. Meanwhile, the challenges faced by functional graphene are summarized and prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation and characterization of pH-sensitive xanthan gum and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel
    LIU Jing, XU Mengjie, ZHANG Xiumei, XU Tao, GUO Yuan, CHEN Weiyi, HUANG Di
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8088-8093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.011
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    In this paper, a pH sensitive xanthan/polyvinyl alcohol (XG/PVA) hydrogel is prepared by chemical crosslinking and physical crosslinking, and the effects of different mass ratios of XG and PVA, different crosslinking agent dosage and different number of freeze-thawing cycles on swelling and mechanical properties of XG/PVA hydrogel are studied. The results show that when the mass ratio of XG to PVA is 1:5, the crosslinking agent epoxy chloropropane dosage is 5%, and frozen-thawed for 3 cycles,the XG/PVA composite hydrogel has uniform and compact internal structure and high swelling property. And the compressive modulus and the compressive strength reaches (26.30±0.03) kPa and (134.36±0.43) kPa. The pH sensitivity and pH stimulation response of XG/PVA hydrogels at this ratio are investigated, and in vitro drug release performance of using bovine serum protein (BSA) as the model and biocompatibility are studied. The results show that this gel with good pH sensitivity and pH stimulation response characteristics can achieve the controlled release of BSA under different pH environments, and has good biocompatibility, which is expected to be used in drug controlled release carrier.
  • Controlled preparation and characterization of InN nanorods grown by HCVD
    ZHU Jia, YUE Mingyue, LI Tianbao, LIU Peizhi, GUO Junjie, XU Bingshe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8094-8099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.012
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    In this study, controlled growth of InN nanorods on Si (111) substrates is realized by a self-made halide chemical vapor deposition (HCVD) device. The effects of temperature in the source region of InCl3, NH3 flow rate and N2 carrier gas flow rate on the growth of InN nanorods are systematically studied. The structure, morphology and elemental composition of InN nanorods are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the nucleation rate and growth rate of InN nanorods can be improved with the increase of temperature in the source region of InCl3. The NH3 flow rate has an important influence on the crystal quality of InN nanorods. The appropriate NH3 flow rate can meet the Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio required for In source growth, and improve the quality of nanorods. When the NH3 flow rate is too high, the formation of In vacancy defects make the crystal quality worse. N2 carrier gas flow can affect the concentration and bias of In and N sources, which can effectively regulate the diameter and growth rate of InN nanorods. The controllable growth of InN nanorods is realized, which lays a foundation for the development of high performance InN nanorod devices.
  • Preparation of pyridinium-containing poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) membrane for vanadium redox flow batteries
    YANG Xiaoqing, ZHANG Shouhai, WANG Zhaoqi, LIU Qian, CHEN Yuning, JIAN Xigao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8100-8105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.013
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    Brominated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) is obtained from dimethyl-containing poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) by controlled bromination conditions, which are reacted with pyridine to obtain a soluble pyridinium-containing poly(phthalazinone ether ketone) (Py-PPEK). Py-PPEK anion-exchange membranes are produced from the polymers by a solution casting method. The effect of ion exchange capacity (IEC) on the basic performance of Py-PPEK membranes and cell performance is investigated. As the IEC increases, the water absorption and swelling rate of Py-PPEK membranes increase, but the vanadium ion permeability coefficient and surface resistance decrease, and the current efficiency, voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of VRB increase. At a current density of 40 mA/cm2, the current efficiency of Py-PPEK30 (IEC=0.41 mmol/g) membrane reaches 95.5%, which is better than that of Nafion115 membrane.
  • Preparation of superhydrophobic porous titanium by wire electrical discharge machining and its application in oil-water separation
    YAN Yinyin, LIU Jiangwen, LIANG Zhijie, HUANG Qinming, GOU Junfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8106-8111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.014
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    A superhydrophobic porous titanium surface with dual-scale structure is prepared by wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) and realized the separation of oil-water mixtures. An array structure of grooves is processed on the porous titanium surfaces by WEDM. Then a superhydrophobic porous titanium is prepared by a modification with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. The wettability and morphology of the porous titanium surface are characterized by the contact angle tester and SEM. And oil-water separation performance is tested by oil-water separator. The as-prepared porous titanium surfaces exhibit superhydrophobility with a contact angle of 162.6° and a slide angle of 0.5° and show low adhesion. The surface achieves oil-water separation on different oil-water mixtures with separation efficiency over 98% and pressure resistance test indicates the surface had good pressure resistance. Chemical stability test and corrosion resistance test show that superhydrophobic porous titanium has better chemical stability and corrosion resistance than the substrate.
  • Preparation and properties of nanometer lithium titanate powder by microwave state method
    FANG Rongyu, ZHU Guisheng, XU Huarui, HAN Yin, DONG Yi, ZHAO Yunyun, TA Shiwo, FU Zhenxiao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8112-8117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.015
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    Using anatase TiO2 as the titanium source, Li2CO3 as the lithium source, and SiC microspheres as a good microwave conductor, a uniform morphology and good dispersibility Li4Ti5O12 powder is prepared by the microwave micro-area state method. The structure and electrical properties of the samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, TG, LAND and other instruments. The results show that SiC microspheres can form a multi-point uniform heat source, which can effectively reduce the calcination temperature and increase the dispersion and uniformity of the powders. Under the condition of heat preservation at 700 ℃ for 40 min, pure phase lithium titanate powder with an average particle size of 200 nm is synthesized, which is more than 100 ℃ lower than the temperature of traditional solid state synthesis lithium titanate powder. The synthesis time is reduced by 90%.
  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of PANI/MnOC composite biomass carbon materials
    LI Hairui, LI Zhifang, JI Shuai, LI Yueyu, YANG Jian, Yang Changlong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8118-8124. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.016
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    Polyaniline (PANI) structure will collapse after continuous charging and discharging, leading to the problem of poor cyclic stability. In this paper, aniline is polymerized in situ on the surface of biomass carbon (MnOC) material by in situ polymerization technology, and PANI particles are controlled to grow orderly on the surface of MnOC. The prepared PANI/MnOC composite electrode material has the characteristics of both double-layer capacitance and Faraday pseudocapacitance. The analysis and test results show that the PANI/MnOC composite electrode material consists of a porous network of micropores, mesoporous and macropores, which is conducive to charge storage and transmission. By measuring its electrochemical performance, it is found that compared with pure PANI, the specific capacitance of PANI/MnOC composite electrode material is 385.0 F/g when the current density is 1.0 A/g, which is higher than the specific capacitance of pure PANI. When the current density is 2.0 A/g and the current density is 5 000 cycles continuously, the capacitance retention rate of composite electrode material reaches 82.2%.
  • Effect of cerium hydroxide on properties of conductive composites
    MA Xingxing, FENG Yakai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8125-8130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.017
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    For the electromagnetic leakage problem of conductive silicone rubber caused poor compression set, a series of silicone elastomer(SE) are prepared by addition reaction under the action of platinum catalyst and inhibitor, with different vinyl content of double ended vinyl silicone oil as base gum and different hydrogen content of methyl-end Hydro-silicone oil as the cross-linking agent. Conductive composites of SE/Ni(G)/Ce(OH)4 are prepared with 66 mass fractions of conductive powder nickel-coated graphite and different content of Ce(OH)4 on the basis of the molar ratio of 0.8:1 to vinyl silicone oil Vi-3 and hydrogen-containing silicone oil H-2 chosen according to the compression set and processing performance. The effects of cerium hydroxide on the compression set, mechanical properties, thermal properties and electrical conductivity of SE/Ni(G)/Ce(OH)4 are investigated. According to the results, the compression set of SE/Ni(G)/0.75Ce(OH)4 containing 0.75 mass fractions is the minimum of 3.50%, which is 66.5% lower than that 10.45% of SE/Ni(G)/0Ce(OH)4 without addition of cerium hydroxide. The tensile strength increases from 279 kpa to 336 kpa and the breaking elongation increases from 23.4% to 27.1%. The high-temperature performance is improved and there is no obvious change of low-temperature resistance and resistance rate.
  • First-principles studies on the structural, mechanical and electronics properties of the orthorhombic FeH5
    QUAN Hao, LI Shina
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8131-8137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.018
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    Based on density functional theory (DFT), the crystal structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of the orthorhombic Cmca-FeH5 are studied theoretically under 300 GPa. The unit cell information of the Cmca-FeH5 are obtained, which is consistent with the previous theoretical data. The band structure and electronic density of states confirm that the Cmca-FeH5 is weakly metallic when the pressure is 300 GPa. At the same time, the energy-strain (E-S) and stress-strain (S-S) methods are used to calculate the elastic constants Cij and sij of Cmca-FeH5, as well as its bulk elastic modulus B, shear modulus G, and elasticity modulus E and Poisson's ratio v. It is found that the Cmca-FeH5 is mechanically stable and ductile. The Cmca-FeH5 has elastic anisotropy by the analysis of the anisotropy factors, 3D-Young's modulus, and linear compressibility. The relatively high value of Debye temperature indicates that the bonding ability between atoms is strong.
  • Corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of N-doped carbon dots to Q235 steel
    XIAO Han, DONG Sheying, YUAN Xiaojing, SHI Ying, HOU Daolin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8138-8143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.019
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    An environmentally friendly and highly efficient N-CDs is synthesized by hydrothermal method with polyvinylpyrrolidone as raw materials. Its structure is characterized by FTIR. The corrosion inhibition performance and corrosion inhibition mechanism of N-CDs on Q235 steel in 1 mol/L HCl solution are studied by electrochemical method, weight loss method and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that when the dosage of N-CDs is 200 mg/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency could be as high as 95.6%. The electrochemical tests show that N-CDs is a mixed corrosion inhibitor which mainly inhibits the anode reaction. The inhibition mechanism is that N-CDs forms a stable adsorption film on the surface of Q235 steel under the combined action of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, which effectively inhibits the corrosion of carbon steel by 1 mol/L HCl solution, and follows with Langmiur isothermal model. In addition, SEM clearly observes that the corrosion degree of Q235 steel is obviously improved after adding N-CDs.
  • Preparation and study on trapping fine particles of high temperature resistant magnetic filter material
    YANG Bingwen, DIAO Yongfa, YANG Xuebin, ZHOU Fashan, FEI Jianxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8144-8150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.020
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    Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles are successfully loaded on the surface of basalt fiber by impregnation method and in-situ polymerization method respectively. The magnetic basalt functional fiber filter material is prepared after magnetization treatment. SEM, VSM, FTIR, XRD and other characterization methods are used to analyze the distribution morphology, the remanence and coercivity of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles in the magnetic basalt filter material, the action mechanism of functional groups on the fiber surface, and the crystallinity of CoFe2O4. Then, the magnetic basalt filter material prepared by the in-situ polymerization method is treated at different high temperature for 24 hours. Filtration performance experiments are conducted for primary basalt filter material, the magnetic basalt filter material and the high-temperature treated magnetic basalt filter material. The results show that the magnetic basalt filter material prepared by the in-situ polymerization method has stronger remanence compared with the impregnation method, and the crystallinity of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on basalt filter is better. The magnetic basalt filter material treated at 250 °C shows the best filtration efficiency of 92.1% for PM2.5 removal, which is higher than the primary basalt filter material with efficiency of 33.9%. At the same time, the filtration resistance of the primary basalt filter material is lower than magnetic basalt filter material, but with the increase of the dust load of the filter material, the magnetic particles of the magnetic basalt filter material have less influence on the filter resistance of basalt filter material.
  • The preparation of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials and their Cu (Ⅱ) adsorption study
    LI Nan, DAI Hongyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8151-8155. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.021
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    Firstly, magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are prepared by solvothermal method and then coated with SiO2 to form Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials. Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, magnetic properties and adsorption properties. The results show that Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials have two crystal structures of Fe3O4 and SiO2. SiO2 is successfully coated on the magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and has no significant effect on the structure and composition of each structure. The particle size of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials is about 200 ~ 400 nm and the structure is core-shell. The color of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the inner layer is darker but that of SiO2 in the outer layer is lighter. The saturation magnetization of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials is 76.31 A·m2/kg at room temperature and the remanent magnetization is almost zero. The adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) on Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanomaterials reaches saturation at 1 500 min. The highest removal rate is 63% and the maximum adsorption capacity is 120 mg/g. It has a good adsorption effect on Cu (Ⅱ).
  • Preparation of anode material for lithium-ion battery by wire-cutting polysilicon silicon mud
    FU Shibo, YANG Shaobin, DONG Wei, LI Ximeng, XIA Yingkai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8156-8161. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.022
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    Silicon-based materials have a theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g as anodes for lithium-ion batteries, which is considered the most promising anode materials. However, its volume expansion is too large, resulting in poor cycle stability. Using ball milling and carbon-coated way to modify the nano layered polycrystalline silicon sludge of wire-cutting improves its electrochemical performance as a lithium-ion battery anode material. The results show that ball milling significantly reduces the particle size of raw silicon mud. When the current density is 200 mA/g, the first charging specific capacity of C-Si20 (the raw silicon mud which is ball milled for 20 h after carbon-coated) is 1784.2 mAh/g. After 75 cycles, the specific charge capacity is 640 mAh/g, and the charge-discharge coulomb efficiency remains above 98%. The material has pretty good cycle performance and can provide a certain reference for the recycling and reuse of silicon mud waste in the photovoltaic industry.
  • Preparation and properties of high near-infared reflective pigments based on Zn2+ doped Y2Cu2O5
    XIAO Lei, JIANG Peng, WEI Xueling, HAO Xiaoli, ZOU Xiangyu, BAO Weiwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8162-8167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.023
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    In this paper, a series of environment-friendly inorganic pigments with a general formula Y2Cu2-xZnxO5 (x=0,0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) with high near-infrared reflectance are prepared by sol-gel method. The phase structure, reflective properties, color characteristic and thermal stability of the synthesized pigments are studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), ultraviolet-visible-near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR), CIE-L*a*b* 1976 chromaticity analysis software and thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The results show that the obtained pigment samples mainly exhibit orthogonal crystal structure, and the optimal calcination temperature is 900 °C. With the increase of the doping amount of zinc ions, the color of the pigments becomes lighter and the near-infrared solar reflectance of the pigments gradually increases. The highest near-infrared reflectance of the pigments obtained reaches 76.81% in the wavelength range of 780-2500 nm. Therefore, these Y2Cu2-xZnxO5 powder pigments have a great potential in serving as a kind of cool pigments for construction, transportation and other fields.
  • Study on properties of acetylene black modified thin-walled carbon foam composite
    WANG Yang, LIN Zhe, QIN Zhihong, LIU Bingyang, PANG Jun-guo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8168-8173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.024
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    Using the loose medium component separated from Tongting raw coal by method of all components group separation as raw material, and Acetylene black as additive, the Acetylene black/carbon foam composite material is prepared through a simple carbonization process. The effect of Acetylene black addition on the microstructure, compressive strength and thermal insulation properties of carbon foam composites is studied. The results show that after adding acetylene black, the porosity of the foamed carbon composite material decreases, the bulk density increases, the compressive strength increases significantly, and the thermal conductivity decreases. The thermal conductivity at 200 ℃ is only 0.057 W/(m·k), which is a good Lightweight insulation material.
  • Preparation and properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/ graphene nanocomposites
    LI Xiaoyan, DING Fuchuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8174-8178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.025
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    Functionalized graphene oxide (iGO) is prepared by thermal exfoliation and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) modification, and thermoplastic polyurethane/graphene (TPU/iGO) nanocomposites are prepared by using iGO as filler. The morphology of GO and iGO are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structure of the composite is studied by XRD, Raman and FT-IR. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of the composites are measured by a precise dielectric frequency submergence meter. The results show that the intercalation modification of iGO by TDI increases the interlayer spacing of graphene. The Raman spectra of TPU-2.0vol%iGO nanocomposites are more similar to pure iGO materials, while the infrared spectra of TPU-2.0vol%iGO nanocomposites are more similar to pure TPU materials. The tensile strength of the composite is improved by the addition of iGO. When the content of iGO is 0.5vol%, the tensile strength of TPU/iGO nanocomposites reaches the maximum, which is 54.6 MPa, 20.5% higher than that of pure TPU matrix. The highest dielectric constant of TPU-2.0vol%iGO nanocomposite film could reach 308.2 at 1 000 Hz, but the dielectric loss is very low, and when the frequency is higher than 1 000 Hz, the dielectric loss is less than 0.2. Therefore, TPU/iGO nanocomposites can be used as effective EMI shielding and ESD materials.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effect of textile sludge on the preparation and performance of non-sintered ceramsite
    XU Yueqing, MA Bing, ZHANG Houhu, YAN Xiaoya, SHEN Xinyu, LIU Rong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8179-8187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.026
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    non-sintered ceramisite is prepared from textile sludge. The effects of sludge/cement ratio, coal ash content and curing time on the performance of ceramsite are studied through experimental analysis. The results show that the best raw material ratio and curing technology of textile sludge based unfired ceramsite are as follows: the sludge/cement ratio is 2.25, the amount of coal ash is 5%, the amount of binder is 1%, and the curing time is 28 days. The results show that the compressive strength is 6.93 MPa, the bulk density is 753 kg/m3 and the water absorption rate is 17.98% in one hour. It can meet the performance index of ordinary lightweight aggregate in GBT17431.1 “Lightweight Aggregate and Its Test Method”. According to the high content of Zn in textile sludge, the leaching toxicity test is carried out, and the zinc leaching meets the requirements of relevant standards. SEM and XRD analysis show that under the optimal conditions, the pores of ceramsite are closed and the grains are closely combined. The crystalline structure of C-S-H and Ettringite formed by hydration and hardening reaction is beneficial to improve the comprehensive physical properties of ceramsite.
  • Ionic liquid-based magnetorheological fluid with low viscosity and high yield stress
    LI Xiaoguang, TONG Yu, ZHAO Penghui, ZHANG Xin, DONG Xufeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8188-8191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.027
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    The base fluid is an important factor affecting the performance of magnetorheological fluids. Compared with traditional base fluids, ionic liquids have moderate viscosity and polarity, and can be used as base fluids for preparing new magnetorheological fluids. In this paper, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid is used as the base liquid, and carbonyl iron powder is used as the dispersed phase particles to prepare a magnetorheological fluid with a particle volume fraction of 20%. Performance comparison of magnetorheological fluids is investigated. The rheological test results show that the maximum shear yield stress of the ionic liquid-based magnetorheological fluid at 436 kA/m is 29% higher than that of the silicone oil-based magnetorheological fluid. The ionic liquid-based magnetorheological fluid has a more significant Magnetorheological effect.
  • Preparation and properties of fluorescent-wheat straw fiber/PPcomposite
    GAO Han, TANG Sai, CHI Xiang, SONG Xiaoxue, HAN Guangping, CHENG Wanli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8192-8198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.028
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    In this paper, with wheat straw fiber and SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors as the basic raw material and additives respectively, fluorescent straw-plastic composite materials are prepared by hot pressing process. The effect of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor content on the properties of straw-plastic composites is studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), electronic universal science experiment machine, fluorescence spectrometer and synchronous thermal analysis infrared temperament instrument are used to characterize the microscopic morphology, mechanical properties, emission spectrum and thermal stability of the material, and YH-18W desk lamp is used to test afterglow performance of the material. The results show that with the increase of the addition of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors, the mechanical properties and anti-swelling properties of the composite material increase first and then decrease, and the performance is optimal when the addition amount is 15%. The thermal stability of the composite material and the luminous intensity increases with the addition of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphors. When the phosphor addition is 20%, the luminous intensity of the composite material is the highest, reaching 435 au. After 10 minutes of fluorescent lamp irradiation, with the increase of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor addition, the initial brightness of the composite material's afterglow is enhanced, and the afterglow decay time is prolonged. After 30 minutes, the afterglow brightness of the 20% composite material added is stronger than other materials, but the luminous intensity and afterglow brightness of the composite material added 15% are not much different, and the luminous intensity difference is only 53 a.u. In summary, the composite material with 15% phosphor content of SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ has the best overall performance.
  • Optimization of the photocatalytic performance for the Fe/TiO2 nanotube arrays by response surface methodology
    WU Zhijun, LUO Jie, OU Anqi, LIU Yuqi, LIU Jiawei, WU Boning
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8199-8205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.029
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    The iron-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTs) are prepared by anodizing and atmospheric hot water self-assembly methods with titania as the substrate and Fe(NO3)3 as the iron source. The degradation rate of methyl orange (MO) is used as an evaluation index to investigate the influence of different factors on the degradation rate of MO under the visible light. The preparation conditions are optimized by response surface methodology, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray energy spectroscopy (EDS) and other test methods are used to characterize the as-prepared catalysts. The results show that the photocatalytic performance of Fe/TNTs is the best and the degradation rate of MO can reach 95.96% when the process conditions are Fe(NO3)3 concentration 0.30 mol/L, reaction temperature 75 ℃, reaction time 8.42 h, The results are in accordance with the prediction of 96.04% which is 61.81% higher than that before doping. The as-prepared Fe/TNTs are anatase crystals, the doping of iron does not destroy their ordered tubular array structure, and the light response range extends to the visible light region.
  • Preparation and mechanical properties of high performance Al-5Mg-2Si-xCe alloy
    LI Shengwei, LIN Zongde
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8206-8210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.030
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    Al-5Mg-2Si-xCe (x=0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) alloys with different Ce contents are prepared by doping rare earth Ce into Al-5Mg-2Si alloy. The microstructure, microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy are studied by XRD, SEM, EDS and mechanical properties analysis. The results show that Al-5Mg-2Si-xCe (x=0,0.2,0.4 and 0.6) alloys are mainly composed of α phase. After doping Ce, the ternary compound containing iron Al8CeFe4 appears, which indicates that Ce could promote the transformation of β- Fe phase into α- Fe phase Al8CeFe4. The dendrite arrangement of Al-5Mg-2Si alloy without Ce element is disordered and its size is relatively coarse. After Ce element is added, the dendrite arrangement is obviously improved. With the increase of Ce content, the grain is gradually refined, the distribution is more uniform, and the size of α- Al is gradually reduced. When the content of Ce is 0.4 wt%, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach the best, which are 133.70 MPa and 1.64%, respectively. Compared with 0 Ce content, the tensile strength and elongation increase by 26.49% and 115.79% respectively. The main fracture mode of the alloy without Ce doping is dissociation fracture. After Ce doping, the main fracture mode of the alloy is intergranular fracture, and the grains at the fracture are relatively complete without tensile fracture.
  • Preparation and properties of high performance sulphoaluminate silicate composite cementitious system
    WEI Jing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8211-8215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.031
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    According to the experimental ratio, sulphoaluminate silicate composite cementitious system is prepared. The composite cementitious system is characterized by XRD, SEM, TG-DTG and mechanical properties analysis, and the phase structure, microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of the composite cementitious system with different sulphoaluminate content are investigated. The results show that Ca(OH)2, mulite, ettringite (AFT), kuzelite , monosulfide calcium sulphoaluminate (AFM) and Ca3SiO5 phases are mainly detected in sulphoaluminate silicate composite cementitious system. With the increased of sulphoaluminate content, the peak of Ca(OH)2 in hydration products decreases. There is little difference in the structural compactness of composite cementitious system with different sulphoaluminate content,and with the increased of sulphoaluminate content, the content of a large number of needle like ettringite (AFT) increases significantly, while the content of massive Ca3SiO5 decreases. The weight loss curves of all composite cementitious systems are similar and the weight loss rate of the system doped with sulphoaluminate cement is significantly higher than that of the sample without doping. With the increasing of sulphoaluminate content, the compressive strength of composite cementitious system increases gradually at 1, 3 and 28 d. When the content of sulphoaluminate is 25 wt%, the compressive strength of composite cementitious system reaches the maximum value of 49.3 MPa at 28 d, which is 35.1% higher than 36.5 MPa at 1 d.
  • Magnetic properties and domain structure of (Nd1-xMMx)-Fe-B sintered magnets
    GAI Pengxiang, MA Qiang, LIU Fei, LIU Yanli, ZHANG Xuefeng, BAI Suo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(8): 8216-8220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.08.032
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    The (Nd1-xMMx)-Fe-B(x=0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1) sintered magnets were prepared in this paper by the method of two main phases with Misch-Metal (MM). The magnetic properties decreased with the increase of MM content. The XRD results show that the phase composition of (Nd1-xMMx)-Fe-B sintered magnet was still 2:14:1 with the increase of MM content. However, ReFe2 phase appeared when the MM content reached 30 wt% and the intensity of the diffraction peak of ReFe2 also increased with the increasing MM content. The micro morphology, element distribution and domain structure of (Nd0.5MM0.5)-Fe-B sintered magnet were analyzed by SEM-EDS, and the results shows that La and Ce elements diffused into some Nd-Fe-B main phase grains in MM containing magnets. The domain structure of the magnet without MM possessed standard bar domains observed by magneto-optical Kerr microscope, while the domain structure of magnet grains with MM tended to maze domains and La and Ce addition promoted the maze domain structure formation. In addition, it is found that transgranular domains were easy to form between the grains lacking rare earth rich phase.
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