30 December 2019, Volume 50 Issue 12
    

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    Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
  • Biomedical applications of tantalum-based materials and the underlying mechanisms
    SHI Xiaoxiu, WU Xianzhe, MA Xingshuang, LIU Yang, HE Peng, LUO Yanfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12001-12006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.001
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    Tantalum has long been employed in biomedical fields due to its excellent corrosion resistance, ductility, biocompatibility and osteointegrity. In this paper, the various applications of tantalum in treatment of femoral head necrosis, joint prosthesis, repair of bone defects, etc, were first reviewed and then the underlying mechanisms by which the corrosion resistance, chemical compositions of surface oxides, mechanical properties and pore structures of tantalum contribute to the applications, especially to the failures of clinical applications were analyzed and discussed. At last, the future applications of tantalum in personalized therapies and the potential breakthrough point for biocompatibility mechanism were proposed. We believe that this review would inspire a more thorough and comprehensive understanding on the biocompatibility of tantalum and thus promote the design and fabrication of novel tantalum implants for clinical applications.
  • Study on preparation and properties of a flexible protective material based on bacterial cellulose
    LI Wenjing, LI Jinkun, LI Xuefei, YANG Jiazhi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12007-12012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.002
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    In the face of emergencies, one of the best protection measures for human body is to wear high-performance protective materials. Therefore, it has become a hot spot to develop new flexible protective materials with excellent performance for wearing comfortable and moving freely. Bacterial cellulose materials (BC), which have advantages such as good flexibility, high mechanical strength and excellent protection performance, have been successfully applied in fields such as flexible composite membrane and high-strength fiber. In this paper, porous BC material, which was prepared by template method, was compounded with shear thickening fluid (SiO2/PEG) formed by nano-SiO2 polyethylene glycol (PEG) to prepare a new flexible protective material. And the performance evaluation studies of this material was conducted by using Kevlar fiber composited with SiO2/PEG as reference samples. The results showed that (1) SiO2/PEG shear thickening effect and critical shear rate were correlated with SiO2 mass fraction and PEG molecular chain length.(2) When BC and Kevlar were combined with SiO2/PEG, the bending angle (85°) of BC composite material was much higher than that of Kelvar composite material (45°), showing the high flexibility of BC protective material.(3) When BC(31.7%) was added into SiO2/PEG system, its protective performance was similar to these of Kevlar(88.4%) against 8 J impact kinetic energy. Therefore, BC material had great application potential in soft protective material damping material and other applications.
  • Study on the structure and properties of PMVS/ZDMA/polystyrene composites
    LEI Weihua, SUN Suming, ZHOU Anwei, CHEN Lixin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12013-12019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.003
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    The high molecular polymethylvinilsiloxane (PMVS) was blended with melted polystyrene resin at high temperature. After cooling down to R.T., the ZDMA and organicperoxde as curative was added. The composition mixed above was hot-pressed and crosslinked, and then polymethylvinylsiloxane/ZDMA/PS composites was gotten. The structure and properties of the composites were characterized by optic microscope, mechanical tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The results revealed that the PMVS/ZDMA/PS resin composites were incompatible system of micro phase separation characteristics with one-sea and two-islands structure, which is comparatively homogeneous in macroscopic view. The PS resin could increase the compressive strength and modulus of PMVS/ZDMA composites, while its elongation decreased sharply. The loss factor (tanδ) of PMVS/ZDMA/PS compsites increased from 0.1 to 0.32, and the damping properties greatly improved in the temperature range of 55-199 degree. The heat resistance of the composites under 400 degree C was improved greatly while the PS added, and the height of DTG peak at 430 degree C increased with the PS addition, which showed that the DTG peak straight related to the decomposition of PS resin.
  • Effect of copper nanomaterials dimensions on the dielectric properties and percolation threshold of P(VDF-HFP)-based composites
    LIU Yuhang, LI Hengfeng, YANG Ke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12020-12025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.004
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    Zero-dimensional (0D) copper nanoparticles and one-dimensional (1D) copper nanowires with different aspect ratios were prepared by liquid phase reduction method and hydrothermal method respectively. The nanomaterials were used as conductive fillers and mixed with P(VDF-HFP) by solution blending for investigations of the effects of filler size on the dielectric properties and percolation threshold of the polymer-based nanocomposites. The morphologies, structures and chemical compositions of the copper nanofillers were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS. The structures and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by SEM and impedance analysis. The copper nanofillers were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix and their dielectric constants were consistent with the percolation theory. The percolation thresholds of the 0D copper nanoparticles and the 1D copper nanowires with aspect ratios of 100 and 800 were 11.9%, 6.8%, and 2.8vol% respectively according to the results of linear fitting. Hence, a conductive network was easier to form in the polymer-based nanocomposite and percolation threshold of the nanocomposite was effectively reduced to obtain a high permittivity at a low filler content by adopting 1D copper nanowires with a high aspect ratio rather than 0D copper nanoparticles or 1D copper nanowires with a low aspect ratio as fillers.
  • Progress in flexible electrode material in brain-computer interface
    HE Guangwei, DONG Xufeng, QI Min
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12026-12034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.005
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    As an important branch of man-machine interaction, brain-computer interface (BCI) has the potential to be widely used in various fields, such as healthcare, human assistance, aerospace, intelligence traffic system, and entertainment. The flexible electrode is the crucial component of the BCI, and is the key for the development of the BCI technology. Recently, plenty of flexible electrode materials for applications in BCI technology have been developed. In this study, the development of the three kinds of flexible electrode materials in BCI, including non-intrusive electrodes, intrusive electrodes, and semi-intrusive electrodes was reviewed. The challenge and the problems that hinder the development of the flexible electrode materials were analyzed. Besides, the future applications of the flexible electrode materials in the BCI field were prospected.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of various kinds of high entropy alloys
    WANG Gen, LI Xinmei, WANG Songchen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12035-12040. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.006
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    With the continuous development of science and technology, traditional alloys can not meet the requirements of modern industrial development, so a new alloy material with excellent properties is urgently needed to meet the needs of industrial development. High entropy alloys are proposed on the basis of traditional alloys, which have better properties than traditional alloys, so the research on high entropy alloys have great value. High-entropy alloys are composed of five or more principal elements, each of which has an atomic fraction greater than 5% and less than 35%. The research status and progress of bulk high entropy alloys, thin film high entropy alloys, filamentous high entropy alloys and powdery high entropy alloys were reviewed in this paper.
  • Research progress on special infiltrating oil-water separation materials
    ZHANG Jinshan, DONG Jiling, WU Wei, YIN Jian, FAN Haibing, LIU Yang, DING Hao, CAO Pengjun, MA Yilong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12041-12050. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.007
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    With the rapid development of the petroleum industry, crude oil leakage and oily sewage seriously endanger the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, the effective treatment of oily sewage becomes one of the key issues to be solved urgently. However, the traditional oil-water separation materials have the disadvantages of low oil-water separation efficiency, easy secondary pollution and difficult to recycle and reuse, and cannot satisfy the national environmental protection standards. In recent years, special infiltration oil-water separation materials have been rapidly developed due to their special selective penetration and adsorption properties. In this paper, the solid surface wetting theory based on the surface special wettability oil-water separation material was introduced, and also the research progress of preparing special infiltration oil-water separation materials by the surface microstructure control and chemical modification was studied. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of special wettability oil-water separation materials were summarized and forecasted.
  • Research progress of CeO2-based composite oxide catalyst
    LI Youfeng, XIE Bo, WANG Guangwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12051-12058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.008
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    Various preparation methods of CeO2-based composite oxide catalyst developed at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. The advantages and drawbacks of each method were discussed in detail. The structure, texture, absorbability and surface acidity of the catalyst were also summarized. The applications of CeO2-based composite oxide catalyst in the domains such as volatile organic wastes, wastewater treatment and automobile exhaust treatment were introduced. Future research direction of CeO2-based composite oxide catalyst should be particularly in designing and improving multifunctional nano composite-oxides, controlling morphology and dispersion, studying the mechanism of nucleation and growth, and accelerating the application of CeO2-based composite oxide catalyst products to industry.
  • Research progress of heparinized/heparin-like polymer membrane materials
    YANG Qian, XIE Yanxin, SHEN Yujie, ZHU Baoku
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12059-12065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.009
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    When polymer materials contact with blood, thrombus is formed on the surface of the material, and the requirements of anticoagulation cannot be met. Heparin or heparin-like substances can be immobilized on the polymer materials by appropriate methods to improve the antithrombogenicity of the materials. In this paper, the methods for improving the blood compatibility of polymer materials were summarized, and the characteristics and strengths of heparinized/heparin-like polymer membrane materials were described. The paper focused on the introduction of the research progress of the heparinized/heparin-like anticoagulant polymer membrane materials on its preparation and production methods, and the further research direction of heparin-like polymer membrane materials was prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation of micro-nanostructured magnesium oxide by pyrolysis of magnesium hydroxide
    GOU Shenglian, NAI Xueying, XIAO Jianfei, LIU Xin, YE Junwei, LI Wu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12066-12073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.010
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    In this paper, magnesium hydroxide was prepared by precipitation method with magnesium chloride hexahydrate and ammonia water as raw materials. Subsequently, the sheet-like hollow nano-MgO was obtained by pyrolysis of the resulting magnesium hydroxide. The pyrolysis apparent activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A of magnesium hydroxide were calculated by the mean of Kissinger method, and verified by Ozawa-Flynm-Wall equation method. The pyrolysis mechanism was studied by Satava method, which indicated the thermal decomposition of Mg(OH)2 was as random nucleation and growth. The results showed the nanometer diameter of MgO was about 20 nm and the micron size was between 200 and 500 nm by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The corresponding selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern demonstrated the single-crystalline nature with the exposed plane of ｛110｝. Meanwhile, it found the formation mechanism of magnesium oxide with micro-nano structure was related to the changes of crystal structure and the way of the decomposition products escaping during pyrolysis.
  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of porous silicon/graphene as LIB anodes
    WANG Yixuan, GAO Bo, LIU Zekun, XING Pengfei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12074-12079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.011
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    In this paper, a porous silicon powder material and a porous silicon/graphene composite material were prepared by using Al-20Si alloy as a raw material, and used as a negative electrode material for lithium ion batteries. A porous silicon powder material was prepared by etching an alloy with hydrochloric acid. Porous silicon/graphene composites were prepared by ultrasonically adding different amounts of graphene (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) to a silicon-based material, respectively. The experimental results show that the addition of 10% graphene to the porous silicon-based material had the best electrochemical performance. The first charge and discharge capacity was 2 552 mAh/g, and the charge and discharge capacity was finally stabilized at 540 mAh/g. The first charge and discharge efficiency was 78.5%. After the five cycles, the efficiency during subsequent charging and discharging was maintained at about 98%. When the amount of added graphene exceeded 10%, the performance gradually decreased as the amount of addition increased. The addition of graphene reduced the charge-discharge specific capacity but increased the cycling stability of the silicon.
  • Preparation and capacitive properties of water caltrop shell-based porous carbon for supercapacitor
    XIAO Xiang, WANG Chao, ZHAO Yabin, ZHONG Guobin, WANG Pei, WU Shijia, ZENG Jie, WEI Zengfu, SHI Zhiqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12080-12084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.012
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    Porous carbon for supercapacitor was prepared by KOH chemical activation method with water chestnut shell as the precursor. The effects of different impregnation on the structure and electrochemical properties of the porous carbon were systematically investigated. The microstructure of porous carbon was characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman and N2 adsorption-desorption, and the capacitive properties were studied by using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, long cycle and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the porous carbon manifested the highest specific surface area up to 2 046.74 m2/g and the most abundant pore structure when the impregnation ratio was 4∶1. As the electrode materials in supercapacitor with TEABF4/PC as the electrolyte, the porous carbon exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 126.1 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g and retained a specific capacitance of 92.6 F/g at 0.5 A/g after 10 000 cycles, which exhibited superior capacitive properties.
  • Effect of frequency and temperature on different rubber-based MR elastomers
    HUANG Zhaoge, LI Changyu, MENG Xiangkun, YONG Zhanfu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12085-12088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.013
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    As a new type of a branch of intelligent magnetic susceptibility materials, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), which can make a mechanical response after sensing a change in the magnetic field, have broad application prospects in automobile suspension, the plane, high iron, weapons and other military and civilian fields. However, its poor mechanical properties and low magnetic rheological effect restrict its engineering application. Started from this problem, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) were prepared by filling CR and BR with carbonyl iron powder in this paper. The effects of matrix, frequency and temperature on magnetorheological effect and loss factor of MREs were analyzed. The results show that MREs based CR had better magnetorheological effect than MREs based BR. With the increase of frequency, the magnetodynamic modulus and relative magnetorheological effect of MREs based CR increased, while that of MREs based BR was opposite. The zero field modulus and magnetic modulus of MREs based CR vulcanizate were decreased, but its relative magnetorheological effect was increased.
  • Enhanced mechanical performance of cement mortar co-blended by graphene-oxide and graphene and its mechanism
    YANG Lingjun, YUAN Xiaoya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12089-12096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.014
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    Graphene (G) was prepared by high temperature reduction of graphene oxide (GO). The mechanical properties of cement mortar were improved by adding both G and GO into mortar according to the dispersion effect of GO on G. The effect of GO on the dispersion of G was studied by measuring the absorbance of mixed solution with different content of G and GO. The results showed that when the mass ratio of G to GO was 4/5, the effect of GO on the dispersion of G was the best. At the same ratio, the effect of different G content on the flexural and compressive strength of G and GO cement mortar was studied. The results show that the mechanical properties of mortar couldbe enhanced by the addition of GO and G at the same dosage. The effect of G/GO at 3/5 and 4/5 was better, and the effect of GO and G on the early mechanical properties of mortar wasmore obvious. TG test shows that the hydration rate of compound cement wasfaster than that of single G cement. Microscopic tests show that the addition of GO and G into cement couldnot only exert the dispersing effect of GO on G, but also enhance the cement synergistically, which promotedthe hydration of cement and madethe crystal form of hydration products more regular. In this study, GO-assisted dispersion of G couldnot only give full play to the dispersing effect of GO on G, but also play a synergistic enhancing effect on cement.
  • Preparation Al-Y co-doped ZnO nanosheets and its photocatalytic degradation performance
    QIU Yu, WANG Liming, XU Lihui, SHEN Yong, WANG Liying, LIU Yadong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12097-12102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.015
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    In this paper, zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate and yttrium nitrate hexahydrate were used as raw materials. Al-Y co-doped ZnO nanosheets were prepared by low temperature water bath method. At the same time, the prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection, etc. The effects of different doping contents of Al and Y elements on the photocatalytic performance were studied by degradation of methylene blue, which was used as colored pollutant. Results show that when the doping contents of Al and Y element were 3%, the surface state of ZnO was obviously improved and more hydroxyl radicals were formed. At the same time, the concentration of photogenerated hole pairs was increased and the photocatalytic performance of ZnO was improved obviously. After 1 h of UV lamp irradiation, the degradation rate of the lamp was 94.63%. And after 5 cycles, the degradation rate could still reach more than 85%, showing that Al-Y co-doped ZnO nanosheets had good photocatalytic performance and cycle stability.
  • Experimental study on viscosity of PCM slurry by adding TiO2 nanoparticles and dispersant
    CHEN Hongbing, LI Siqi, WANG Congcong, ZHANG Xiaokun, YAO Huaning, GONG Yutong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12103-12107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.016
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    In this paper, the hydrocarbon PCM slurry with mass fraction of 30% was selected as the base fluid, and a variety of PCM slurry with nano particles (TiO2) and dispersant (SDBS sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) were prepared by “two-step method”. The effects of nanoparticle mass fraction, nanoparticle size and dispersant mass fraction on the viscosity of PCM slurry were tested and analyzed. The results show that the larger the mass fraction and the larger the particle size, the higher the viscosity of the phase change fluid at the same temperature. However, the viscosity of PCM slurry decreased first and then increased with the increase of mass fraction of dispersant. When the mass fraction of dispersant was 0.1%, the viscosity of PCM slurry reached the minimum.
  • Preparation and properties of sintered reaction-bonded Si3N4 ceramicsby gas pressure sintering with ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3 additive
    ZHAN Chuangtian, WU Lixiang, NIU Wenbin, YIN Zishen, GUO Weiming, LIN Huatai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12108-12112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.017
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    Starting from Si powder, the effects of MgO-Y2O3 and ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3 additives on the sintering of reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) after gas-pressure sintering were investigated in this work. For comparison, Si3N4 ceramics with ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3 additive were fabricated by the same sintering process with Si3N4 powder as the raw materials. The results demonstrated that during SRBSN process the rapid nitridation of Si powder at 1 400 ℃ was achieved by introducing ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3. The post-sintering at1 850 ℃ for 2 h under the pressure of 3 MPa could densify the samples with relative density of 98.2%. The relative density of Si3N4 ceramics derived from Si3N4 powder was measured to be 97.3%. Si3N4 obtained by SRBSN exhibited the better mechanical properties (fracture toughness: (5.6±0.8) MPa·m1/2) and the higher thermal conductivity (70.4 W/(m·K)). The excellent property combination was evidenced in sintering of reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN) from Si powder with the additive of ZrO2-MgO-Y2O3.
  • Effect of copper element in aluminum matrix on thermo-physical properties of SiCp/Al composites
    ZOU Aihua, YE Lingyi, KANG Zhibing, ZHOU Xianliang, SU Yuqin, FAN Jianliu, ZENG Xin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12113-12117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.018
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    The SiCp/Al composite was fabricated by pressureless infiltration. The effect of different copper contents in Al matrix on the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of SiCp/Al composite was investigated. The results show that a little copper element (lower than 4% mass fraction) was of advantage to improve the density and lower CTE of SiCp/Al composite, but the improvement of the thermal conductivity was not obvious. When the copper content was 8%, the thermal conductivity of the SiCp/Al composite declined markedly due to the decrease in the density and the increase in the reaction phase at the interface of the composite, and the CTE of the SiCp/Al composite rose. When the copper content was 4%, the thermo-physical properties of the SiCp/Al composite were optimal.
  • Preparation of silver-loaded oxidized chitosan complex and study on its antibacterial properties
    BIAN Nengyuan, PAN Yufan, ZHANG Xinli, YANG Xiaoli, BU Xin, ZHANG Fangdong, HOU Qingxi, PEI Jicheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12118-12125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.019
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    Chitosan (CS) was used as raw material to oxidize its C6 primary hydroxyl group to carboxyl group by laccase/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO) system to obtain oxidized chitosan (C-COS), and then reacted with C-COS and silver nitrate to obtain oxidized chitosan-Ag+ complex (C-COS-Ag). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), conductometric titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize four different bacteria as antibacterial templates, and UV spectrophotometer was used to optimized C-COS-Ag antibacterial conditions. The morphology of the bacteria before and after the addition of C-COS-Ag was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that when CS had a carboxyl group content of 1.42%, Ag+ existed in C-COS-Ag were [Ag(NH3)2]OH and Ag2O ( one part was —COOAg and the other part was Ag2O) two forms. The optimal antibacterial condition of C-COS-Ag was 1 h and 26 ℃. The diameter of the inhibition zone was greater than 30 mm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli was 7.5 μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella and bacillus subtilis was 10 μg/mL. And the cell wall of the bacteria added with C-COS-Ag was damaged, which seriously affected the growth of bacteria.
  • Effect of surfactants with different HLB values on settling stability of magnetorheological fluid
    XIONG Hao, LUO Yiping, WANG Weicheng, WANG Lei, JIANG Yanwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12126-12131. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.020
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    In this paper, the effect of surfactant on the settling stability of magnetorheological fluid was mainly studied. The differences in the properties of magneto-rheological fluid samples with different kinds and mass fraction of surfactants were analyzed through experiments to explore the influence of surfactant HLB value on the anti-settling stability of magneto-rheological fluid. It was found that the settling stability of magneto-rheological fluid was improved with the decrease of HLB value. In addition, the concept of contact angle was also introduced to analyze the influence of measuring dispersed particles on wettability of base liquid in the preparation process of magnetorheological fluid, and to explore a new evaluation method based on magnetorheological fluid's anti-settling stability.
  • Harmonic loss and magnetostriction study of 0.23 mm thin gauge grain-oriented silicon steel
    GAO Jie, YANG Fuyao, MA Guang, LIU Yang, CHEN Xin, HAN Yu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12132-12136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.021
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    In this work, harmonic loss and magnetostriction of thin gauge grain-oriented silicon steel (0.23 mm) were studied by simulating the invigorative magnetic field of 3-7 th harmonic superposition conditions. Meanwhile, evolution law of magnetic domain structure of the material was also explored. The results indicate that harmonic superposition could result in increases of hysteresis loop area and number of hysteresis cycles, as well as change reinforce of magnetic flux density in the samples. Magnetic hysteresis loss and eddy current loss increased continuously with enhancement of harmonic frequency or content, which brought sizeable addictional loss to the sample. Iron loss under 30% harmonic superposition of 5th harmonic increased by 89.7% compared with fundamental frequency. Harmonics caused decreases of width of 180°magnetic domains which could result in decreases of valume fraction of 90°domains and increases of magnetostrictive amplitudes λp-p. At the same time, the butterfly curves were distorted.
  • Preparation and adsorption characterization of Fe3O4@NiSiO3 micro/nano composite
    JIAO Yurong, ZHANG Jianghong, GONG Ying, XIANG Yulin, MA Xiangrong, GAO Rui, YANG Chaolong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12137-12141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.022
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    The core shell structure Fe3O4@NiSiO3 magnetic composite micro-nanomaterials were synthesized by improved Stober sol-gel method and solvothermal method. The structure and properties of Fe3O4@NiSiO3 magnetic composite micro-nanomaterials were characterized by a series of characterization tests, such as SEM analysis, TEM analysis, polycrystalline X-ray diffraction analysis, magnetic analysis, specific surface area and pore structure analysis. Methylene blue was used as simulated adsorption dye to study its adsorption mechanism and dynamic adsorption behavior. The experimental condition, such as inial MB concentration, pH, solution temperature and balance time was optimized. The results show that the composite microspheres had good adsorption capacity with an adsorption rate of 98.5%. And it fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the Langmuir isotherm model.
  • Effect of pyrolysis on performance of FeN/C catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction
    ZHENG Qiuyan, SHEN Yayun, YANG Zhi, QIN Haoli, TIAN Juan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12142-12147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.023
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    Low-cost catalysts with high activity and acceptable stability toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) attract much interest and attention in recent years. In this work, FeN/C catalysts for ORR were synthesized via impregnation with different pyrolysis process. The effects of secondary pyrolysis in ammonia on catalysts structure and performance were investigated by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption porosimetry, transmission electron microscope and electrochemical characterization. The catalyst underwent secondary pyrolysis showed obvious improved ORR activity and stability compared to the catalyst underwent one pyrolysis in argon. This was attributed to the catalyst underwent secondary pyrolysis had higher BET surface area (931.2 m2/g) and surface nitrogen content (1.67 at.%), as well as the existence of Fe3C.
  • Preparation of magnetorheological elastomer and measurement of friction and wear characteristics
    LI Zhaochun, LI Sihao, DONG Shuai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12148-12156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.024
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    Magnetic elastomer not only has remarkable adhesion characteristics but also is a controllable magnetofriction material, which can be used in many new fields such as bionic robot hand and foot and clutch pedal. In order to investigate the frictional properties of magnetorheological elastomers, isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers with different volume fractions were prepared by mixing, solidifying and cooling. The friction factors were measured by the ball-disc friction machine and the particle arrangement and the damage degree of the matrix were observed by environmental scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that with the increase of the content of magnetic particles, the gap between the isotropic and anisotropic elastomers decreased, and the friction factor also decreased. In addition, the destruction degree of anisotropic elastomer matrix was more severe and the basic energy group was formed between particles, so the friction factor was lower. The anisotropic elastomer would show serious ripples in the matrix after friction and wear, which also indicated that the intensity of wear ripples and wear marks was also the reason for the variation of friction factors.
  • Study on doping modification and properties of nano-BaTiO3 powders synthesized by microwave hydrothermal method
    YAN Yubing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12157-12161. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.027
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    Using tetrabutyl titanate (C16H36O4Ti), Ba(OH)2·8H2O, NbCl5 and NaOH reagents as raw materials, nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06) powders doped with different Nb contents were prepared by microwave hydrothermal method. Then, nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 powders were compacted and sintered to obtain BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics with different content of Nb doping. The phase structure, surface morphology and grain size of nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sintering density and magnetic properties of BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics were analyzed by vibration magnetometer. XRD and Raman spectra showed that nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 (x=0, 0.03, 0.06) powders doped with different Nb content had tetragonal properties. SEM morphology analysis showed that nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 (x=0, 0.03, 0.06) powders were composed of spherical particles with fine particle size and good dispersibility. With the increase of Nb content, the particle size of nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 powders also increased. The average particle size of nano BaTi1-xNbxO3 powders was about 60, 90 and 120 nm, respectively. The sintering density of BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics increased with the increase of Nb content. When Nb content was 0.06, the sintering density of BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics reached the maximum. The analysis of magnetic properties showed that when Nb doping amount was 0.03, the residual magnetization of BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics was the highest (8.235 μC/cm2), and its coercivity (5.762 kV/cm) was similar to that of Nb-free BaTiO3 ceramics (5.556 kV/cm). Therefore, when Nb doping was 0.03, the piezoelectric properties of BaTi1-xNbxO3 piezoelectric ceramics were the best.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and wetting properties of CeO2 nanorods using glancing angle deposition
    AN Tao, DOU Chunyue, JU Jinning, JI Quanzeng, WEI Wenlong, GAO Yuxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12162-12166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.026
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    A series of CeO2 films were deposited on smooth Si(100) substrates under different deposition time with glancing angle deposition technique. The surface and cross sectional micrographs of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscope. The composition and chemical state of the film surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The wetting properties of the film surfaces were evaluated with the sessile-drop method. The results showed that with the increase of deposition time, CeO2 films gradually grew into independent nanorods with a pyramid shape at the top. All films showed hydrophobic properties after exposure to air for 30 days and the water contact angle increased monotonously to a maximum value of 149.9°. After a fresh CeO2 film was exposed to air for 24 and 240 h respectively, it gradually transformed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The transformation was attributed to three successive reactions: (1) formation of cerium hydroxide; (2) formation of cerium carbonate and (3) adsorption of volatile organic compounds on carbonate saturated surface.
  • Preparation of gold nanochains and their application in diagnosis and therapy of tumor
    LEI Biao, SUN Qi, WU Zhihui, LIU Xuemeng, KONG Jingyu, DU Yunhan, ZHAO Linlin, LU Yan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12167-12171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.027
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    Nanoparticle technologies are significantly impacting the development of both therapeutic and diagnostic agents. At the intersection between treatment and diagnosis, interest has grown for combining both paradigms into clinically effective formulations. In this study, gold nanoparticles based chain like nanostructure were developed by template method for theranostics of cancer. This system could enhance Raman scattering signals for disease diagnosis. The cancer cell exhibited much higher cellular uptake due to the big aspect ratio of chain like nanostructure. This system had potential to deliver diagnostic agents and drugs to tumor tissue for diagnosis and therapy of tumor.
  • Preparation and characterization of porous ceramic materials from recycled building materials
    ZHANG Xiaohua, XING Jiayue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12172-12177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.028
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    Porous calcareous feldspar-mullite-corundum ceramics were successfully prepared with construction waste as main raw material, Al2O3 as aluminium source, AlF3 as whisker catalyst and MoO3 as sintering aids. The phase composition and morphology of porous ceramics were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The effects of different holding time on the open porosity and pore size distribution of porous ceramics at 1 350 ℃ were studied. The biaxial bending strength and oil-water separation properties of calcium feldspar-mullite-corundum porous ceramics were also studied. The results showed that when the content of AlF3 was 12wt% and MoO3 was 4wt%, the porous calcium feldspar-mullite-corundum ceramics had the best properties when the sintering temperature was 1 350 ℃ and the sintering temperature was 2 h. Porosity analysis showed that holding time of 2 h was beneficial to mullitization of alumina phase and glass phase in raw materials and increasing the content of mullite phase. At this time, porous ceramics materials had 46% open porosity, and the large growth of mullite whiskers in samples caused the size of whiskers to be more uniform, which made the opening of samples more uniform. The pore size was relatively concentrated, which was suitable for oil-water separation. Mechanical properties analysis showed that the biaxial bending strength was 68 MPa and the mechanical properties were good when holding time was 2 h. The oil-water separation performance study showed that the oil-emulsion interception rate of the samples could reach 97%-99% under different membrane pressure difference. Porous ceramic membranes had good oil-emulsion separation performance.
  • Preparation and properties of α-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3/Teflon AF2400 hollow fiber oil-gas separation membrane
    CHEN Chuan, DING Yi, LIU Xin, ZHAO Kaimei,GONG Lieqian, XING Zhaoliang, LI Wu, LI Guangyu, QIN Xinghua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12178-12182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.029
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    Rapid detection of dissolved gas in transformer insulation oil can promptly analyze the types and harmfulness of transformer faults. However, the separation efficiency of traditional oil-gas separation membranes is low, which cannot meet the latest standard and manual inspection requirements.In order to improve separation efficiency,the hollow fiber composite membranes of α-Al2O3/γ-Al2O3/Teflon AF2400 were prepared, and the effects of γ-Al2O3 and annealing temperature on the interfacial properties of the composite membranes were studied. It was found that the addition of γ-Al2O3 could effectively improve the interfacial properties of organic/ceramic composite membrane. The interfacial strength of the composite film could be further improved by annealing at 330 ℃. The hollow fiber membrane had lower gas transmission resistance, which led to one hour balance time for all 7 kinds of insulation oil dissolved gases and laid the foundation for rapid detection of dissolved gases in transformer insulating oil.
  • Magnetoelectric properties of V doped LiZnP new diluted magnetic semiconductor with large half metallic energy gap
    JIA Qian, DU Yingyan, DU Chengxu, CHEN Ting, LIU Jiao, YU Yue, ZHANG Hengyuan, LIU Ming, WU Zhimin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12183-12189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.030
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this paper, the geometry structures of Li1±y(Zn1-xVx)P (x=0, 0.0625; y=0, 0.0625) were optimized by adopting the first-principles calculation of plane wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential technology based upon the density function theory. Then the electronic structures, formation energies, half metallicity, magnetism and optical properties were calculated and analyzed. The results reveal that the separation of spin and charge injection mechanisms could be achieved in LiZnP semiconductor, and the magnetic and electrical properties of diluted magnetic semiconductor would be regulated respectively by V doping and Li stoichiometry. The spin polarized impurity band introduced by single doping V showed strong half-metallicity, and sp-d orbital hybridization made the system have 2.92 μB magnetic moment. And the properties of the systems were also influenced by the stoichiometry of Li. In the Li-deficiency compounds, the half metallicity and magnetism became weakened, while the Curie temperature was the highest. But for the Li-excess compounds, the hybridization was enhanced, the forming energy was the lowest, and the conductivity and magnetism were the strongest because of the enhancing of sp-d hybridization.
  • Preparation of β-eucryptite-mullite fibers/glass low expansion composites
    XUE Yaohui, ZHANG Hui, LI Yi, ZHOU Yaxi, LI Xiao, WEN Changxiu, XU Yantao, ZHENG Ruilin, GUO Haitao, CUI Xiaoxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12190-12195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.031
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    According to the rule of mixture, glass-based composites containing β-eucryptite and mullite fibers were prepared by ball milling, cold isostatic pressing and high temperature vacuum sintering. The effects of fiber content, fiber length-diameter ratio and sintering temperature on the density, Vickers hardness and expansion coefficient of the composites were studied. The results show that composite exhibited high Vickers hardness value with a fiber content of 18wt%. Low expansion coefficient of 1.67×10-6/K (150-400 ℃) could be obtained when the content of fiber was 10wt%, ratio of length to diameter was 31, and the vacuum sintering temperature was 800 ℃ for 5 h.
  • Analysis of mechanical and sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam under magnetic field
    LI Zhaochun, ZHANG Jiahua, WANG Caiping, WANG Xiaojie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12196-12201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.032
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    In order to explore the tunability of smart magnetic foam polymers in sound absorption and mechanical properties, the influence of magnetic field on the modulus properties and low frequency sound absorption properties of magnetic foam was studied by using custom-made magnetic device. First, isotropic and anisotropic magnetic polyurethane foam with mass fraction of 80wt% was prepared by one-step full water foaming method. Then, based on the TA rheometer, the changes of the storage modulus of the two kinds of foam were measured under the alternating magnetic field. Dual channel impedance tube and transfer function method were used to measure the sound absorption performance of two kinds of foams under different intensity magnetic fields. The experimental results show that the magnetic field exerted a limited influence on the sound absorption properties of anisotropic and isotropic magnetic polyurethane foam, but the storage modulus increased with the absolute value of the magnetic field. The storage modulus of isotropic polyurethane foam increased by 14.6% and the heterosexual increased by 15.8% after 500 s, when the maximum period was 0.5 T under the action of alternating magnetic field. This meant that the magnetic field would increase the stress transfer between short chains of magnetic particles.
  • Synthesis and characterization of PAAm-LGSNa+ photochromic hydrogel
    CAO Mengnan, LIU Zhiming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12202-12205. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.033
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The sodium lignin sulfonate was grafted into polyacrylamide hydrogel to synthesize polyacrylamide-lignin sulfonate hydrogel. The ammonium molybdate was introduced into the hydrogel network by immersion process to realize vision display. The absorbance, transparency, structure and morphology of sodium lignosulfonate-polyacrylamide hydrogel were measured by UV-Vis, FT-IR and SEM, respectively. The UV-Vis measurement results show that the hydrogel had the advantages of low cost, easy preparation, and excellent performance in quick response within 5 min. In addition, the photochromic and fading processes of hydrogels could be precisely controlled by UV light at different time and temperatures. FT-IR measurements showed that sodium lignosulfonate was successfully incorporated into the polyacrylamide hydrogel. SEM results show that the hydrogel exhibited a dense structure after complete drying, which made the hydrogel less susceptible to fading after photochromism.
  • Preparation of micro-nanocrystal ZrSiO4 ceramics by solvothermal-assisted sol-gel process
    JIANG Zhengdi, XIONG Tianheng, BAI Zimei, YANG Wenping, DUAN Tao, DING Yi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12206-12209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.034
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Solvothermal sol-gel method was used to prepare zircon (ZrSiO4) precursor with zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as raw materials and ethanol solution as solvent medium. The precursor was calcined at 1 400 ℃ for 6 h, and then the micro-nanocrystal ZrSiO4 ceramics (200-450 nm) were obtained. The effects of solvothermal temperature and ethanol concentration on the phase structure, morphology and compactness of the cured body were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and density tester. It was found that the solvothermal temperature and ethanol concentration had great influence on the synthesis and compactness of the cured solvents. The micro and nanocrystalline ZrSiO4 ceramics had high density (4.46 g/cm3) at the solvothermal temperature of 110 ℃ and the concentration of ethanol of 60%.
  • Preparation and absorbing properties of molybdenum disulfide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/natural rubber composites
    GEN Haoran, ZHAO Pengfei, MEI Junfei, CHEN Yongping, DING Aiwu, SHI Jia, LIAO Lusheng, LIAO Jianhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12210-12215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.035
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Microwave absorbing Materials based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes/molybdenum disulfide/natural rubber (MWCNTs/MoS2/NR) were prepared by mechanical blending. The morphology, electromagnetic parameters and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vector network analyzer (VAN) and other instruments. It was found that incorporating of MWCNTs improved the conductivities of the composites, which were 11 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure NR. The reflection loss (RL) of MWCNTs/MoS2/NR composite is up to 29.59 dB which is 6.9 times that of MWCNTs/NR and 17 times that of MoS2/NR, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 3.12 GHz. With the thickness of the sample increasing, the optimized frequency moved toward the lower frequency. Due to the weak interaction between fillers and matrix, the elongation at break of the composites is obviously reduced, the stress at definite elongation improved at different levels, and the tensile strength was not changed much. MWCNTs and MoS2 mutually promoted dispersion in NR, forming multiple loss mechanisms, thus optimizing multiple properties such as microwave absorption capacity.
  • Improvement of hydrophilicity and antifouling performance of polyethersulfone via amination recation
    ZHANG Shaohu, LI Dan, RAN Fen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(12): 12216-12220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.12.036
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    In this paper, hydrophilic and antifouling polymer membranes were prepared by non-solvent phase transformation by blending of ammoniated polyethersulfone (PES-NH2) with pure polyethersulfone The structure and surface chemical composition of the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron spectroscopy. When PES-NH2 was used as the blending modifier, the surface hydrophilicity and anti-pollution properties of the blended membranes were significantly improved. The water flux of the membrane material could reach 146.3 L/(m2·h) when the modifier content was 6 % and the pressure was 0.2 MPa, and its anti-pollution performance and rejection rate were relatively good. The experimental results show that the PES-NH2 could significantly improve the hydrophilicity of the blend membrane and had great potential for development in water treatment and protein separation.
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