30 September 2019, Volume 50 Issue 9

    

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Focuses & Concerns(The project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
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  Quaternary phosphonium salts grafting into polyvinyl alcohol by acetalization for antibacterial usage

  LAM Yuetwai, AO Ningjian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9001-09005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.001

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  Polyvinyl alcohol is often used as a material for producing wound dressing, and quaternary phosphonium salts have good antibacterial effect. This study aimed to prepare an antibacterial material by grafting quaternary phosphonium salts into polyvinyl alcohol using acetalization reaction, which could occur in low temperature and have high reaction rate. By testing the thermal, antibacterial property and in vitro cytotoxicity of the material, it found that the material was thermoplastic, and had good antibacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. It could be fabricated by using injection modeling or fused deposition molding, and was suitable for antibacterial wound dressing usage. It may be possible to use for producing three dimensional printing wound dressing in the future.
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  Preparation and photocatalytic properties of MoS₂/GO-g-C₃N₄-ZnO nanocomposites

  WANG Ning, MA Chunyu, HU Jinjuan, WANG Jialin, QIN Fuwen, ZHANG Qingyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9006-09012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.002

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  Efficient ternary composites of 0.2wt%MoS₂-g-C₃N₄-ZnO (MCZ) and 15wt%GO-g-C₃N₄-ZnO (GCZ) based on 20wt% g-C₃N₄-ZnO composites were prepared by a hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoinduced fluorescence spectra (PL), UV-vis diffuse spectra and transient photocurrent response were used to characterize the samples. The effects of MoS₂ or GO on the crystal structure, morphology, composition and photocatalytic activity of ZnO were studied. The results show that both MCZ and GCZ maintained ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure, and g-C₃N₄ was graphitic phase. The introduction of GO could inhibit the growth of ZnO grains, while the introduction of MoS₂ could promote the growth of ZnO grains. There was an obvious phenomenon of electron transfer in GCZ composites, which inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs in 20wt% g-C₃N₄-ZnO, thus improving its visible light catalytic performance. The photocatalytic activity of GCZ composite photocatalyst was significantly better than that of 20%wtg-C₃N₄-ZnO and MCZ.
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  Fabrication and driving performance of square rod-shaped ionic polymer-metal composites

  HUO Kai, HE Qingsong, YIN Guoxiao, XU Xianrui, YU Min

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9013-09018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.003

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  Ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) is an ionic electro-active polymer material, which has many advantages such as small size, light weight, low driving voltage, large deformation and good biocompatibility. However, the shortcoming of traditional sheet IPMC that can only move in a single direction greatly limits the application of IPMC. Therefore, a square rod-shaped IPMC with multi-degree-of-freedom motion was fabricated by solution casting and electroless plating, and its surface electrode was observed by SEM and its driving performance was tested. By comparing the terminal displacement and output force of square rod-shaped IPMC under sinusoidal, square-wave and DC voltage signals, it is found that square rod-shaped IPMC had better driving performance under these three voltage signals, and the terminal displacement and output force were the largest under DC voltage signals. Finally, the feasibility of the application of square-columnar IPMC in interventional catheter guiding device was explored by comparing and analyzing the test results of square rod-shaped IPMC in different directions of motion.
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  Principle and research progress of seismic metamaterials

  SHI Nannan, KANG Zhikuan, SHAO Weiang, LI Zhenbao, WANG Xiaojuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9019-09026. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.004

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  Metamaterials have attracted much attention because of their extraordinary mechanical properties that natural materials cannot achieve. The properties of metamaterials mainly depend on the microstructure of artificial design, so the metamaterials can go beyond the intrinsic properties of the materials and enter the era of "artificial design". Precisely designed phononic crystals, known as "seismic metamaterials", can create a band gap corresponding to the seismic frequency. In this paper, the basic unit phonon crystal types, band gap characteristics and isolation principle of seismic metamaterials were reviewed. The research status of seismic metamaterials at home and abroad was summarized. Based on the problems existing in the current application of seismic metamaterials, the future application of seismic metamaterials in earthquake disaster reduction was prospected.
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  Effect of Mg on the skeleton structure and properties of Li-B alloy for lithium secondary batteries anode

  GUI Yina, LIU Zhijian, CHEN Libao, HUANG Haifeng, NING Huilong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9027-09032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.005

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  In the conventional thermal battery anode lithium boron alloy, the addition of magnesium can improve the oxidation resistance of the electrode, inhibit self-discharge, and effectively improve the discharge stability of the thermal battery. Lithium-boron-magnesium alloy was prepared by adding magnesium element to lithium boron alloy for lithium secondary battery positive electrode. Lithium-magnesium solid solution was used to strengthen the lithium-boron composite skeleton structure, which alleviated the collapse problem of lithium-boron-magnesium alloy. The phase, morphology and electrochemical properties of the two alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical charge and discharge tests and AC impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the magnesium element improved the discharge performance of the lithium boron alloy, and supported the lithium boron fiber skeleton structure to some extent, which reduced the collapse of the lithium boron alloy. This had a certain foundation for the potential material of Li-B alloy as the anode for lithium secondary batteries.
Review & Advance
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  SnO₂ nanosheet arrays: preparation and application in new energy devices

  WANG Weiyi, YUE Hongyan, SONG Shanshan, ZHANG Hongjie, GUAN Enhao, JIANG Dachuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9033-09036. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.006

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  As a kind of three-dimensional nanomaterial with unique mesoporous structure, SnO₂ nanosheet arrays only have the characteristics of large specific surface area, regular and orderly pore structure and narrow pore size distribution, but also improve the electrochemical performance of the material by its three-dimensional structure. With excellent conductivity, oxidation and catalysis, it is an ideal electrode material for energy storage battery and detection material for biosensors. The methods of preparing SnO₂ nanosheet arrays with high quality and large specific surface area and applications in new energy devices were reviewed, and the future development trend was also prospected.
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  Progress in preparation and functionalization of low wettable surfaces

  LI Na, HOU Chengmin, ZHANG Xiaolin, CAO Congjun, XIA Weimin, WANG Mei, KOU Yanping, ZHANG Wei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9037-09042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.007

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  Materials with different infiltration conditions on the solid surface are called wettability material. According to different wettability, the material plays a great role in the daily life and industrial production. The preparation idea is to construct the surface roughness and reduce surface energy. At present, the trend of material development is to preserve the inherent properties of structural materials, obtain low surface wettability, and also give some special material function to broaden the scope of their application. In this paper, the research progress of the preparation, properties and application based on inorganic and organic materials at home and abroad was reviewed, and research situation and application prospect of wetting surface material aim at stimulus response, such as temperature, light, magnetic and dielectric, multiple response were further summed up. The limitation and problems of the development of low wetting surface materials were discussed. The development prospect of functional responsive wetting materials was prospected.
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  Research progress on flexible cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries

  HAO Yan, DENG Nanping, HE Benqiao, CHENG Bowen, KANG Weimin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9043-09055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.008

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  With the increasingly prominent of depletion of fossil energy, energy crisis and environmental problems the development of an environmentally-friendly secondary battery energy system is hanging over one's head. As a new type of energy storage battery, lithium-sulfur battery has a high theoretical specific capacity and energy density, and the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low cost, etc. All of these merits are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries as the next-generation ideal energy battery. In recent years, the emergence of wearable electronic devices and smart textiles has put forward a higher requirement for energy storage batteries-flexibility, so flexible lithium-sulfur batteries have become a research hotspot. As an important part of the lithium sulfur battery, the study and prepration of flexible cathode materials are crucial for the fast development of flexible lithium-sulfur batteries and their system. In this paper, the flexible cathode matrix material for lithium-sulfur batteries is introduced, and classifies and summarizes the three aspects of various carbon materials, conductive polymer materials and emerging MOF materials. The preparation methods and their effects on the electrochemical performance of flexible cathode are described in detail. The high conductivity and porous structure design of the carbon materials, the excellent chemisorption of the polysulfide by the conductive polymer and the MOF material all contribute to the inhibition of the “shuttle effect” of the polysulfide during charge and discharge process and improve the electrochemical stability of the flexible lithium sulfur battery during long cycle process. Finally, the defects and problems of the existing flexible cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries are analyzed, and the future development direction is prospected. This will provide guidance for the development of new flexible cathode materials for lithium sulfur batteries, and provide experimental and theoretical basis for the common problems in the development of other flexible cathode materials for other secondary batteries.
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  Research progress of biomedical materials for drug delivery systems

  ZHAN Shiping, MIAO Hongyu, WANG Jingchang, WANG Weijing, LI Mingming

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9056-09062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.009

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  Due to its unique structure and excellent properties, biomedical green carrier materials are widely used in the fields of medicine, medicine treatment, food and so on, and play an increasingly important role. Especially, biomedical carrier material for drug delivery system can encapsulate anticancer drugs in it, which deliver anticancer drugs with target, slow-release and controlled-release to tumor sites, effectively treat cancer, and avoid toxic and side effects on normal human tissues. Biomedical green carrier materials have become one of the current research hotspots. The natural and synthetic biomedical carrier materials were mainly introduced. The preparation and application of the new medical carrier at present were reviewed. The problems existing in the current anti-cancer drug carrier were briefly summarized. The research direction in recent years was prospected.
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  Progress in preparation methods of carbon quantum dots and application for metal ion detection

  XIAO Xiuchan, QIN Miao, LI Qianglin, REN Yanqi, ZHOU Zheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9063-09068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.010

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  Due to the simple preparation,steady performance, high efficiency of fluorescence quantum conversion, low cost, and environmental friendliness, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have received considerable attention. In this paper, the methods of preparing CQDs and their applications in metal ion detection were reviewed. Finally, the new insight and novel thought were provided for exploring new preparation methods and key techniques of environmental applications for CQDs.
Research & Development
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  Core-shell ZIF-67@CuO_x catalyst and its low-temperature CO-SCR denitrification

  WANG Yuan, HE Hanbing, ZHENG Yajie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9069-09075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.011

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  Octahedral core-shell ZIF-67_a/b@CuO_x (a/b=4/1,2/1,1/1,1/1.5) coated with nano particle ZIF-67 catalyst for low temperature denitrification was prepared by encapsulation method at room temperature and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area analyzer (BET). The effect of different amounts of ZIF-67 on the morphology, composition, specific surface area of catalysts and the catalytic reduction performance was studied. The results showed that octahedral CuO_x derived by HKUST-1 sintered had good carrying capacity, and the morphology, crystal structure and great BET value of ZIF-67 were kept. When a/b was 4/1, better uniformity and higher dispersion of ZIF-67 and larger specific surface area of catalyst, and the best catalytic low-temperature denitrification were obtained. The catalysts activity of CO-SCR results showed that denitrification rate of ZIF-67_4/1@CuO_x was 86.5% and 95% at 150 and 225 ℃ respectively. The temperature of ZIF-67_4/1@CuO_x was 50 ℃ lower than that of ZIF-67 at the same denitrification rate (86%). Specific surface area of ZIF-67_4/1@CuO_x was largest, 1168.410 m²/g, which provided more reaction interfaces and effective contacts and improved the catalytic denitrification rate.
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  Application of nanofiber electrode made by used nano laser pulse processing and electrospun technique to biosensing deviceds

  PAN Dongcheng, LIN Chang, ZHANG Tangli

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9076-09082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.012

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  The aim of this study is to fabricate foldable nanofiber graphene film electrodes directly by simple method and apply them to the detection of electronic biosensors. Graphene thin films were fabricated by screen printing and graphene electrodes were fabricated by ablation of graphene thin film with 355 nm ultraviolet nanosecond laser pulse. The working parameters, fluence of laser pulse and material removal overlap rate are controlled. In a normal atmospheric pressure, the screen-printed graphene electrode in an electrode gap of 60 μm can be made on the thin film. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glucose oxidase (GOD) composite nanofiber with mass fraction concentration of 9% and electrospun technique are used for a cross linking process. Next, it is blended with a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT∶PSS) solution. By electrospun method the foldable nanofiber structure is made on the graphene electrode. In the nanofiber sensing region of the graphene electrode structure drip into with glucose solution at different concentrations is observed, and an approximately linear variation is measured in the glucose concentration range of 0.01 to 3.15 mmol/L. This result has a good application for low concentration glucose inspection and it can be used for highly sensitive electronic bio-sensing devices.
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  Luminescence properties of ZnO thin films related to Zn atomic defects

  CHEN Haixia, DING Jijun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9083-09085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.013

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  Visible emission in ZnO thin films is related to defects. In this paper, in order to study the luminescent properties of ZnO thin films related to Zn atom defects, ZnO thin films with different thickness of Zn buffer layer were deposited on Si substrates, and annealed at 400 ℃ for 1 h. Crystal structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, absorption spectra and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Results show that as the sputtering time of Zn buffer layer increased, the violet peak in ZnO thin films shifted towards longer wavelength, and the intensity of all emission peaks increased gradually. Based on experimental results, it could be concluded that both Zn buffer layer and annealing treatment made excessive Zn atom defects appeare in the samples, and all the emission peaks was related with Zn atom defects.
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  Electrochemical performance of AZ series magnesium alloys as anode materials for Mg-air batteries in the NaCl electrolyte

  WEI Kequan, WAN Xiaofeng, DENG Chunxu, XU Leiqiu, ZHANG Fubao, ZHU Yu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9086-09092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.014

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  The discharge performance and corrosion electrochemical behavior of three AZ magnesium alloy anodes with different Al contents, AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 were studied by potentiodynamic polarization, galvanostatic discharge and chemical immersion. The results show that the corrosion potential of three kinds of magnesium alloy anodes shifted positively, and the corrosion current density of the alloys increased firstly, and then decreased with the increment of Al content. In 3.5wt% NaCl solution at 25 ℃, the discharge potential of the three alloy anodes shifted positively with the increment of the discharge current density. Under the discharge current density of 30 mA/cm², AZ61 alloy had a more negative average discharge potential, which shifted negatively with discharge time and tended to be stable gradually, showing good discharge performance. With the increment of Al content, the self-corrosion rate of the alloy anodes decreased, and the utilization ratio of the anodes increased firstly, and then decreased with the increment of Al content. A large number of dot-like or discontinuous short strip-like β phases were formed in AZ61 alloy anode, which exhibited fewer metal particles falling off and higher anode utilization ratio.
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  Preparation and photoluminescence of SiC nanoparticles

  LIU Xia, CAO Lianzhen, JIANG Hong, SONG Hang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9093-09096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.015

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  Silicon carbide has been widely used in the fields of light-emitting diode, ultraviolet detector and high-frequency optical devices, but its band-gap characteristics lead to low luminous efficiency. It is found that nano-silicon carbide can effectively improve its luminous efficiency. Silicon carbide nanoparticles were synthesized by thermochemical vapor deposition. Then, the structure and composition of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectrum, X-ray electron energy spectrum and X-ray diffraction spectrum. Finally, the optical properties of the materials were studied by using photoluminescence spectrum and photoluminescence micro-region imaging system. The experimental results show that the size of nanomaterials prepared was about 70-90 nm. The luminescence band was composed of green luminescence peaks with wavelengths of 530 nm and 542 nm respectively, which were considered to be from silicon carbide and interface defects. Under the same excitation light intensity, the maximum luminescence intensity of the material increased about 5 times compared with the bulk material. The prepared silicon carbide nanomaterials had potential application value in the field of green optoelectronic devices.
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  Preparation and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of carbon nanotube paper reinforced by microfibrillated cellulose

  LIU Luokai, TANG Ping, HU Yunping, BIN Yuezhen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9097-09101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.016

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  In order to improve the mechanical property of carbon nanotube paper (BP), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was mixed with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to prepare MFC/BP by the method of vacuum filtration. The microstructure, mechanical property, electrical property and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of MFC/BP were studied in detail. The results showed that MFC was uniformly dispersed in carbon nanotube paper to form a fiber skeleton, and carbon nanotubes were intertwined and distributed around the fiber skeleton to form a network structure. With the increase of MFC content, the mechanical properties of MFC/BP were obviously improved. When the mass ratio of MFC to MWCNT was 1∶1, the tensile strength was 11.76 MPa, which was 979% higher than the pure carbon nanotube paper. In the band of 8.2-12.4 GHz, the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of MFC/BP (MFC/MWCNT=1/1) with thickness of 55 μm was 24-30 dB.
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  Photoelectric properties of Mn-doped LiMgAs new diluted magnetic semiconductors

  ZHANG Hengyuan, ZHANG Chongyang, ZHAI Chunyu, DU Yingyan, JIA Qian, CHEN Ting, Wu Zhimin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9102-09109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.017

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  Using the first-principle density functional theory based on the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method, ideal new diluted magnetic semiconductor Li_1±y(Mg_1-xMn_x)As (x=0, 0.125;y=0,0.125) were geometrically optimized and calculated. The electronic structures and optical properties were calculated and discussed in detail. The results show that the magnetic and electrical properties of the doped system could be separately regulated by Mn doping and Li off-stoichiometry. Mn-doped LiMgAs made the system form Mn-As polar covalent bond. The system had spin polarization impurity bands relevant with Mn and presented semiconductor magnetic material. In the Li deficient system, p-d hybridization led to the system exhibit half metallicity and 100% spin injection. The Mn—As bond had the largest charge overlap population and the smallest bond length. While sp-d hybridization made Li overdose system become metallicity. The Curie temperature was the highest, the formation energy was the lowest, and the electrical conductivity was greatly enhanced. Comparing optical properties indicated that when the dielectric function and optical absorption spectrum both had new peaks appear in the low energy region for the Li excess and insufficient compounds, and the absorption of the low-frequency electromagnetic wave increased. The energy loss spectrum peaks of the doped system were all shifted to the high-energy region, showing obvious blue shift phenomenon. Meanwhile, the peaks were all greatly reduced, indicating that the plasma resonance frequency of the doped system decreased significantly. The oscillating range of plasma was the widest in Li excess compounds.
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  Study on mechanics and thermal performance of new building energy-saving wall insulation materials

  XIA Ruifang, CHENG Guoqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9110-09114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.018

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  Alginate based lignocellulosic bio-composites were prepared with sodium alginate and natural fibers as modifiers. The mechanical properties of bio-composites were characterized by universal testing machine, and the thermal properties of bio-composites were analyzed by conductivity meter. Finally, the effects of the doping ratio of wood fiber and rice stem fiber on the comprehensive properties of bio-composites were studied, and the feasibility of bio-composites for building energy-saving wall insulation materials was evaluated. The results showed that the flexural strength, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of bio-composites increased with the increase of wood fiber content. When the content of wood fiber was 100%, the mechanical properties of bio-composites were the best, with the flexural strength and compressive strength reaching 0.573 and 1.410 MPa, respectively. The lignocellulose and sodium alginate binder in the sample were closely bound and had good wettability to each other. The thermal conductivity of bio-composites ranged from 0.078-0.089 W/(m·K), which meant that they had good thermal insulation performance and could be used as thermal insulation materials for building energy-saving walls. It was found that adding a higher proportion of wood fibers and glyoxal crosslinking agent could improve the heat transfer and thermal insulation properties of bio-composites.
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  Magnetocaloric effect and electrical properties of Fe-doped polycrystalline samples DyMn_1-xFe_xO₃

  CAO Fengze, CHEN Hongwei, ZANG Bao, LI Xiaoxin, WANG Ting, JIN Xiang, ZHAO Jianjun, LU Yi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9115-09119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.019

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  The DyMn_1-xFe_xO₃ polycrystalline samples were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. By measuring the magnetic and electrical properties of the samples under each component, the relationships between magnetization and temperature (M-T), magnetization and magnetic field (M-H), and resistivity versus temperature (ρ -T) were studied. The change curve (M-T) studies the magnetic entropy change of the x=0, 0.025 and x=0.075 samples. The results show that in the low temperature region, the x=0 and x=0.025 samples exhibited an antiferromagnetic state, while the x=0.075 sample showed a bifurcation between the ZFC curve and the FC curve in the low temperature region, showing the presence of ferromagnetic antiferromagnetic coexistence. Below 57, 137 and 157 K, Griffiths-like phases were observed, respectively, and the samples above the T_g temperature exhibited paramagnetic properties. The maximum magnetic entropy change values were 10, 12 and 9 J/kg·K at 7 T. The maximum cooling capacity was 320 J/kg (x=0.025). Based on the maximum value of the magnetic entropy change and the cooling capacity value, the material could be used as a magnetic refrigeration candidate material. Through the fitting curves of the ρ-T curve, it was found that the polycrystalline samples were all semiconductors and the resistivity after the magnetic field was applied was higher than that under the zero field, indicating that the magnetic field was not conducive to electrical conduction at a low temperature. The conductance of the sample at the high temperature portion followed the conductivity of the small polaron.
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  Study on heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of iodide with PMoO/Dia

  GUO Jun, CAI Lili, XIE Tian, ZHOU Weizhen, YANG Sanke, XIE Quan, LIU Qibin, QIN Jun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9120-09128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.020

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  A keggin-type poly-molybdenum cluster/modified diatomaceous earth (PMoO/Dia) catalyst was prepared by impregnation. FT-IR, XRD, BET, SEM and iodide ion selective electrodes were used to test and study the catalyst structure, surface morphology and iodide catalytic performance. Molecular mechanics and quantum chemistry methods were used to simulate the adsorption of PMoO on Di and Dia surfaces. The results show that the loaded PMoO was highly dispersed on the Dia surface without changing its original Keggin structure. The conversion of iodide ion after 8 minutes of reaction in a reaction system with 0.5 g of 7% PMoO/Dia catalyst reached 99.7% and the reaction rate reached 2.25×10^-5 mol/(L·s). Compared with the blank, the catalytic effect of PMoO/Dia increased by 2.25×10³ times. PMoO was physically adsorbed and chemisorbed on the surface of Di and Dia. The ammonium group on the surface of Dia increased the electrostatic adsorption and chemisorption between PMoO and Dia, and reduced the frontal orbital energy level of PMoO/Dia. After repeated use of the catalyst for 10 times, it still maintained good catalytic performance, good repeatability, no peroxidation, and had a good application prospect.
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  Synthesis of Ag₂CrO₄/Ti₃C₂T_x composite and research on photocatalytic performance under visible light

  ZHAO Zhen, XU Difa, ZHOU Yi, ZENG Dandan, ZHANG Shiying

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9129-09134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.021

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  A new Ag₂CrO₄/Ti₃C₂T_x composite was prepared by simple precipitation method for the first time, and the two energy-level matched semiconductors were designed to form a heterojunction. The materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, EIS and DRS. The results showed that the pure Ti₃C₂T_x prepared by HF etching was accordion layered structure, and the polyhedral Ag₂CrO₄ nanoparticles were firmly adhered to the surface of Ti₃C₂T_x. The photocatalytic activity under visible light was studied. The results showed that the photocatalytic activity of the composite was the highest when the content of Ti₃C₂T_x was 0.4 wt%, which was 1.9 times that of pure Ag₂CrO₄. After repeated photocatalytic experiments, Ag₂CrO₄/Ti₃C₂T_x showed great stability. ESR and reactive specie trapping experiments showed that superoxide radicals and holes were the main active species. Based on the results obtained, the enhancement mechanism of photocatalytic activity of composite materials was proposed.
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  Preparation of CSs/Cu electrical contact materials by precursor pseudo coprecipitation method and research of densification

  DING Yi, ZHU Zhixiang, SHAO Wenzhu, ZHANG Lu, CHEN Baoan, ZHANG Qiang, HAN Yu, CHEN Xin, WANG Qiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9135-09141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.022

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  In this project, the CSs/Cu electrical contact materials with the homogeneous dispersed backbone phase were prepared by precursor pseudo coprecipitation method. The influence of preparation processing and backbone phase content on the microstructure, mechanical and physical performances and contact resistance was studied. Theoretical basis of high-performing for the design principle of high performance copper based electrical contact material was provided.
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  Preparation and electrochemical performance of two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x with surfactant as ancillary intercalation agent

  GUAN Shiqi, DONG Yan, JIANG Guodong, HUANG Renzhong, YUAN Songdong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9142-09146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.023

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  In this paper, the graphene-like two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x was prepared by an improved method. Firstly, Ti₃AlC₂ powders were etched by hydrofluoric acid, then intercalated in dimethyl sulfoxide with the assistance of the surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and finally subjected to ultrasonic treatment. XRD tests showed that the intercalation agent molecules were more likely to enter the Ti₃C₂T_x layer due to the intercalation of the surfactant, which significantly increased the interlayer spacing and reduced the interaction between the layers, facilitating the delamination. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments confirmed that the Ti₃C₂T_x prepared by this method exhibited a higher specific surface area and pore volume. Electrochemical tests showed that the symmetrical capacitor using Ti₃C₂T_x as electrode materials exhibited a higher specific capacitance, the specific capacitance at a current density of 0.5 A/g was 75.0 F/g. And when the charging current was increased to 4 A/g, its capacitance was maintained at 57.0 F/g. After 2 500 charge and discharge cycles, the specific capacitance of Ti₃C₂T_x material was 61.5 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and the capacitance retention was 87.0%.
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  Non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of YBCO precursor for high temperature superconducting tape

  HONG Songchol, ZHAO Xingming, WANG Tianlin, KIM Suyong, KIM Sugil, QI Yang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9147-09152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.024

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  Based on the research status of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ (YBCO) high temperature superconducting tape prepared by metal organic deposition (MOD) method, in order to explore the rapid preparation method and approach of coated conductor superconducting layer, the thermal decomposition kinetics of superconducting layer precursor was studied. The precursor solution was prepared by using propionic acid as solvent, and acetate as solute. The TG-DTG-DSC-MS curves of thermal decomposition process under argon atmosphere were obtained by synchronous thermal analyzer. The synthesis mechanism of YBCO phase was determined by the combination of universal integral method, differential method and multi-rate scanning Kissinger method, and the related kinetic parameters were solved. The results show that the thermal decomposition processes of the precursor were divided into four stages from room temperature to 900 ℃ at different heating rates. The fourth stage of YBCO phase synthesis reaction obeyed the random nucleation and subsequent growth (n=2) model, and the kinetic compensation effect (KCE) of thermal decomposition reaction was lnA=0.120E-2.699.
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  Effect of multi-fields coupled parameters on the properties of electrodeposited Ni-TiN nanocoatings

  XIA Fafeng, ZHAO Xudong, MA Lianjie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9153-09156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.025

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  The Ni-TiN nanocoating was prepared by multi-fields coupled electrodeposition technology, and good composite coating materials with high hardness and good wear resistance were obtained. The effects of three main parameters in the multi-field coupling deposition (such as cathode current density, ultrasonic power and magnetic field strength) on the composition, hardness and wear resistance were studied. The results show that the microhardness of Ni-TiN nanocoatings increased at first and then decreased with the increase of magnetic field intensity, cathodic current density and ultrasonic power. And the wear amount of the coatings was opposite. The optimal combination of process parameters for multi-fields coupled electrodeposition was listed as follow: cathode current density of 1.5 A/dm², ultrasonic power of 200 W, and magnetic field strength of 0.6 T. The surface roughness, grain size and microstructure uniformity of the Ni-TiN nanocoating prepared under the optimal process parameters were excellent.
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  Application of core-shell nanocomposites in NO_x removal

  HOU Xinxin, LI Xiangyu, CHEN Hongping, YANG Xu, WEI Yonglin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9157-09162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.026

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  The core-shell structure nanocomposites exhibit excellent denitrification activity and toxicity resistance based on the effective protection of the shell on the core and the interaction between the core and the shell.In this paper, influence ofthe preparation method andthecore and shell composition on the denitrification activity were summarized and discussed.When TiO₂, CeO₂ and Fe-ZSM-5 zeolites were used as the shell structure, the preparation methods such as chemical deposition method, self-assembly method and hydrothermal method could effectively prevent the poisoning of SO₂ on the active central atom, thereby improving the SO₂ resistance of the catalyst.It was expected to obtain a core-shell denitration catalyst with high activity and high stability by optimizing the nucleating active component and the shell-forming material.
Process & Technology
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  Study on the structure and photocatalytic properties of N-CQDs modified mesoporous TiO₂/RGO isomers

  WEN Xin, ZHAO Siqin, ASUHA S

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9163-09169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.027

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  A series of N-CQDs (N-doped carbon quantum dots) modified mesoporous TiO₂/RGO (reduced graphene oxide) isomers were constructed with triammonium citrate as the precursor. The microstructure and spectral properties of the samples were systematically characterized by XRD, TEM, BET, BJH, XPS, PL, UV-Vis and other test methods. The photocatalytic properties were tested with simulated sunlight as the light source. It can be seen from the experiment that the series of samples constructed were all crystal structure of anatase phase TiO₂, and the H₂-type mesoporous structure was significantly formed, which all belonged to pore size structure of Langmuir IV type. The introduction of triammonium citrate and the isomerization of RGO gradually increased the specific surface area of the mesoporous TiO₂ photocatalytic system, and the specific surface area of the system was up to 331.6 m²/g. With the modification of N-CQDs and the isomerization of RGO, the photoelectron efficiency of mesoporous TiO₂ photocatalytic system was gradually improved, and the spectral response range of the system was gradually broadened. The constructed mesoporous TiO₂ isomers had strong visible photocatalytic performance, and the photocatalytic activity of sample N-CQDs-MT/RGO-1.8 was the strongest. Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight, the degradation rate of methyl orange could reach about 90% within 10 min and 99% within 1 h.
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  Preparation and heat dissipation research of nickel-based graphene films in the insulated gate bipolar transistor

  HAN Daiyun, LI Yuanbin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9170-09173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.028

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  In this paper, nickel-based graphene film was applied to solve the heat dissipation of IGBT module. The nickel-based graphene film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that when the current density was 2 A/dm², there were a lot of Ni and C elements in nickel-based graphene film, and the average particle size of graphene in nickel-based graphene film was 32.5 nm. When the pulse current density was 1 A/dm², the heat dissipation effect of S1 chip with nickel-based graphene thin-film was better. When the pulse current density was 2 A/dm², the heat dissipation effect of S2 chip with nickel-based graphene thin-film transfer was the best, and the maximum heat dissipation was 14.9 ℃.
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  Preparation and characterization of coumarin modified mesoporous silicon food antioxidant films

  DANG Jingui, QIU Xiaolin, TANG Yali, LU Lixin, TANG Youkai, LI Nuo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9174-09180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.029

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  The pore size of mesoporous silica was modified by organic functional groups to reduce the release rate of antioxidants adsorbed on mesoporous silica on active packaging film and prolong the storage period and shelf life of fat foods. The classical two-dimensional hexagonal structure mesoporous silica MCM-41 was synthesized by using tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide as template. The post-modification grafting method was based on the silanol group and organic functional group, 7-[(3-triethoxysilyl)propoxy]coumarin (TCP) combination, on the surface of silicon oxide. The food grade tert-butyl hydroquinone was adsorbed on the assembly and blended with the resin, and film was formed on a multilayer coextrusion casting machine. Specific surface area, pore size, crystal structure, morphology and skeleton vibration heat of mesoporous silica was determined by using fully automatic surface and porosity analyzer, X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer and thermogravimetric analyzer stability. The pore size of the silica modified by the coumarin derivative increased from the original 2.717 to 2.384 nm, and the long-range order of the pores did not collapse. TCP was successfully grafted onto MCM-41. The free radical scavenging rate of the film modified by coumarin derivative reached 89.76%. Compared with unmodified silica, the controlled release effect was obvious, and the diffusion coefficient was 2.109×10^-9 cm²/s, which delayed the release time of TBHQ and maintained its Effective concentration at the time of transportation and storage.
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  Facile synthesis of exchange bias effect in core/shell Fe₃O₄/FeO nanoparticles

  LIU Shuaishuai, LI Yafang, ZHANG Yanming, WANG Jinfeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9181-09185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.030

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  By slightly reducing in a mixed gas of 10%H₂/90%Ar atmosphere with an one-step solid reaction method, Fe₃O₄ could be transformed into core/shell Fe₃O₄/FeO nanoparticles (NPs), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). Zero-field and field cooling magnetic hysteresis curves (M-H) exhibited that an obvious exchange bias (shift in the hysteresis loop) could be observed in core/shell Fe₃O₄/FeO NPs when the measured temperature was below 200 K. However, the exchange bias behavior weakened with increasing temperature, which attributed to the ferromagnetic couplings interaction on the interfaces. Our work may provide a facile and effective experimental strategy for other similar composites with an exchange bias behavior, and provoke further investigations into the manipulation of the exchange bias.
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  Preparation and performance study of polytetrafluoroethylene/silicone oil modified polypropylene anti-adhesive packaging materials

  SUI Yue, YANG Fuxin, CHENG Long, JIANG Yue

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9186-09191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.031

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  Using polypropylene as the substrate, food grade silicone oil and polytetrafluoroethylene (respectively and simultaneously) were added to the PP resin, blended and extruded, and the obtained masterbatch was directly cast into film. Then the mechanical properties, microstructure, thermal stability and optical properties of the films with the different addition of silicone oil and polytetrafluoroethylene were investigated. The results show that the added modifiers could affect the properties of the film all. When the silicone oil content was 7% and the PTFE content was 8%, the contact angle of the film was large and the anti-adhesion effect was most obvious, so it could be used as an anti-adhesive film in practical life to reduce waste.
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  Effect of chemical activator on mechanical properties and hydration of ferrochrome slag cement composites

  ZHU Ningjie, LI Junhua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9192-09196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.032

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  The ferrochrome slag cement composites were successfully prepared by replacing different proportion of cement with industrial waste ferrochrome slag and adding different content of KCl as chemical activator. The influence of the content of ferrochrome slag and KCl on the compressive strength of ferrochrome slag cement composites was analyzed. The samples of different cement composites were tested by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. The results showed that 10 wt% ferrochrome slag had better compressive strength and met the Cr⁶⁺ emission standard. The addition of 0.6 wt% KCl to the 10wt% ferrochrome slag cement composite material had the highest compressive strength, and the compressive strength was 46.13, 67.45 and 78.98 MPa after curing 7, 28 and 90 d, respectively. The addition of the chemical activator KCl accelerated the shape of ettringite and C-S-H gel. At the same time, chloride ion in chemical activator could react with active Al₂O₃ provided by fly ash in cement composites to form diaspore, which promoted hydration of clinker and improved early strength and durability of cement composites.
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  Study on preparation and mechanical properties of waste rubber fiber reinforced concrete

  CHEN Gao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9197-09201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.033

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  Using the content of waste rubber fiber and silica fume as variables, waste rubber fiber reinforced concrete was prepared. The machinability, compressive strength, density and modulus of elasticity of waste rubber fiber reinforced concrete were studied when the ratio of water cement to cement(w/c) was 0.45, the ratio of waste rubber fiber to fine aggregate was 0-25wt%, and the ratio of silica fume to cement was 0, 5wt%. The micro-morphology and element distribution of waste rubber fiber reinforced concrete were studied by means of SEM and EDS analysis. The results showed that the workability of concrete was not affected by the amount of waste rubber fiber added. With the increase of the proportion of waste rubber fiber replacing fine aggregate, the compressive strength, density and modulus of elasticity of the two kinds of waste rubber fiber reinforced concrete (without silica fume and silica fume of 5wt%) were gradually reduced. Compared with the concrete without silica fume, the compressive strength, density and modulus of the concrete with silica fume of 5wt% were gradually increased. Elastic modulus was improved to varying degrees. It showed that the addition of 5wt% silica fume strengthened the bond between waste rubber and cement matrix, improved the stiffness of concrete, made the material more difficult to deform and had better durability. SEM and EDS analysis showed that the bonding between waste rubber fiber and concrete was not firm, the wettability between the two materials was poor, and the mechanical properties of interface bonding were low. The waste rubber fiber contained trace sulfur and zinc, which aggravated the problem of poor wettability between waste rubber fiber and concrete binder.
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  Preparation of reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composite films and its NH₃ sensitivity at room temperature

  CHEN Hao, PENG Tongjiang, SUN Hongjuan, LIU Junze

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9202-09207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.034

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  Graphene oxide was prepared from graphite oxide obtained by improved Hummers method, and reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/polyaniline(PANI) composite was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis. The structure, morphology and ammonia sensitivity of rGO-PANI composite films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gas sensitivity tester. The results show that rGO-PANI composite had better gas sensitivity than rGO and PANI. With the increase of the mass ratio between PANI and rGO, the sensitivity tended to decrease, while the response-recovery time tended to increase. At room temperature, when the mass ratio of polyaniline and graphite oxide was 1∶1, the composite film had the best ammonia sensitivity performance with sensitivity of 50.26%, response time of 156 s and recovery time of 214 s.
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  Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/alumina based on Isobam gelation

  YANG Jie, GAN Ke, LU Yuju, WANG Yali, LYU Lin, ZHANG Xiaoyan, LIU Jingjing, YANG Jinlong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9208-09214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.035

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  Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/alumina based on Isobam gelation forming was reported. The effect of Isobam on dispersion of CNTs and Al₂O₃ suspensions was studied. The influence of CNTs concentration on the rheological property of composite suspensions was investigated. The compressive strength of composite green bodies and the mechanical properties of sintered ceramics with different content CNTs were characterized. The results showed that the well disperse CNTs suspension could be prepared with 0.5wt% Isobam at pH 9-10. The viscosity of the composite suspension raised gradually with the CNTs content increased, and the gel time was shortened first and then increased. The fracture toughness of the CNTs/Al₂O₃ composite ceramics with 0.3wt% CNTs was 23.7% higher than that of pure alumina ceramic under the same preparing condition.
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  Preparation of carbon quantum dots derived from mushroom and their response to Fe³⁺

  QU Keqi, YOU Yue, CHENG Yang, SHI Cai, HUANG Zhanhua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(9): 9215-09220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.09.036

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  Nitrogen and sulfur-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method with mushroom and lysine as precursor. The morphology, optical properties and applications of N,S-CDs were studied. In the structure characterization, N,S-CDs were homogeneous spheres. N and S elements were successfully doped with heteroatom and functional groups on the surface of N,S-CDs. In the optical performance, the experimental results show that the N,S-CDs had favorable fluorescent properties including high quantum yield (14.27%) and ideal fluorescent stability. In view of the combination of Fe (Ⅲ) ion and the carboxyl group on the surface of N,S-CDs, the fluorescence of N,S-CDs could be effectively quenched. Based on the above characteristics of N,S-CDs, it could be used as a fluorescent probe to detect Fe³⁺ with a minimum detection limit of 280 nmol/L.