30 August 2018, Volume 49 Issue 8
    

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    Focuses & Concern(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2017)
  • A carbon quantum dots matrix composite with room temperature phosphorescence
    LIU Wu, XIE Rongjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8001-8008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.001
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    Although the fluorescence performance of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has been extensively studied, few people pay attention to the phosphorescence phenomenon and the mechanism of CQDs. The carbon quantum dots are fixed in the barium sulfate matrix by electrostatic self-assembly. The carbon quantum dots, as the core attraction active ion, provides the luminescence center for the room temperature phosphor composite material. The obtained materials (named CQDs@BaSO4) are not only scattered in the water to show unexpected room temperature phosphorescence emission, but also steadily dispersed in acid/alkali phosphorescence. Under excitation of 365 nm, the long phosphorescence lifetime of CQDs@BaSO4 composite material is 281 ms and the displayed average lifetime of phosphorescence is 251 ms. The phosphorescence mechanism were studied. The triplet state of aromatic carbonyl compounds on the surface of carbon dots and the fact that BaSO4 molecular can effectively rigidize these aromatic carbonyl radical groups suppress phosphorescence of the composite in the non-radiative passivating route. Based on the advantage of the phosphorescent materials performance, its anti-counterfeiting inkpad material was successfully made and its application in the phosphorescence anti-counterfeiting was also discussed.
  • Thin films formation of cobalt hydroxynitrate under a bovine serum albumin Langmuir monolayer combined with ammonia vapor diffusion
    WANG Haiwei, WU Lei, LIU Haoguang, HU Binbin, DU Zuliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8009-8013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.002
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    Nanostructured Co5(OH)8(NO3)2·2H2O thin films with uniform morphology and well-orientation along the (200) plane were fabricated by using a kinetically controlled vapor-diffusion method in which a bovine serum albumin (BSA) Langmuir monolayer was used for the organic template as the usual biomimetic process and vectorial control by diffusion of ammonia as a base catalyst into an aqueous metal salt solution. The film formation process, the surface morphology and crystal structure of the thin films were characterized by using surface pressure-surface area isotherms, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results prove that such a system in which the diffusion of a volatile catalyst concentration combined a Langmuir monolayer template is a novel method for inorganic crystal thin films growth by using a special gas-liquid interface.
  • Research on the adsorption and photocatalytic mechanism of medical stone/ZnO composite
    QI Shuyan, WANG Depeng, ZHAO Yadong, XU Huanyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8014-8020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.003
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    The composite materials of medical stone/ZnO were prepared by hydrothermal method using urea and hexahydrate nitrate as raw materials. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, energy dispersive spectrometer and specific surface area analyzer. The effect of medical stone on the adsorption and photocatalysis of ZnO was investigated by using acid magenta as the degradation product under visible light irradiation, and the degradation process of the acid fuchsin was simulated by kinetic model. The results show that the addition of medical stone does not affect the petal morphology of ZnO, but has great influence on its adsorption and photocatalytic properties. With the content of the medical stone increasing, the specific surface area, adsorption and photocatalytic properties increased first and then decreased. When the content of medical stone was 7%, as the specific surface area of the sample was the largest and the electron recombination probability was the lowest, the adsorption and photocatalytic efficiency were the maximum.
  • Study on preparation and photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4/CuPc composite materials
    MEI Jie, CUI Shihai, ZHANG Dapeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8021-8025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.004
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    In this paper, melamine was selected as the precursor to prepare g-C3N4 through calcination method. The g-C3N4/CuPc composites were synthesized by ultrasonic method,then the prepared materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) and UV-Visible absorption spectrum analysis (DRS).In the photocatalytic degradation experiments, 2,3-dichlorophenol was chosen as the target contaminant to investigate the photocatalytic activity of the prepared materials under the 500 W xenon lamp irradiation. Various experimental parameters including the mass ratio of CuPc and g-C3N4 in g-C3N4/CuPc composites, the dosage, and the initial concentration of 2,3-dichlorophenol were optimized. In addition, the kinetics of the photocatalytic reaction was also discussed. The experimental results show that the degradation efficiency of 2,3-dichlorophenol can reach 92% after 240 min of irradiation. The reaction was conformed to follow the first-order reaction kinetics model. ·OH plays the main role in the photocatalytic process of 2,3-dichlorophenol.
  • Fabrication of SnO2 microwires using precipitation method and its photoelectrochemical and photocatalyst properties
    LI Xiaodong, YANG Shan, HUANG Xiqi, NI Chungui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8026-8030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.005
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    SnO2 microwires with average length and diameter of 109.6 and 0.95 μm have been synthesized with PEG as a guiding agent using a direct precipitation method followed by a suitable thermal treatment, and characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated by analyzing the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution. The photocatalytic degradation rate was as high as 80% in 4 h due to large surface area and porous structure of the synthesized microwires. The photoelectrochemical performance was also investigated. The photocurrent response was 6.03 μA/cm2 when the external bias was 2 V.
    • Review & Advance
  • Advances in the superhydrophobic surfaces based on engineering materials textured by a micro-nano laser technology
    PENG Zhouliang, LI Ting, YANG Fuchao, GUO Zhiguang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8031-8039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.006
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    With the development of laser technology, more and more materials can be used to make superhydrophobic surfaces. In order to meet the different needs of self-cleaning, anti-fouling and oil-water separation, different materials need to be selected as the substrates for making superhydrophobic surfaces by laser.The metal substrates are of high hardness, stability and durability, and the superhydrophobic surfaces produced from these substrates are excellent in self-cleaning, anti-freezing and anti-fouling. It is also used to create templates for other superhydrophobic surfaces. Inorganic non-metallic materials have a wide variety of properties, thus the performances of superhydrophobic surface are different. Some of these kind materials have good biocompatibility, some are suitable for oil-water separation and manufacturing of super capacitors. The polymer base has good elasticity, low density and friction resistance, and the superhydrophobic materials made from these substrates can be used in industrial manufacturing and microfluidic devices. This review briefly introduces the basic principle of laser manufacturing superhydrophobic and mainly discussed the common bases of laser manufacturing superhydrophobic surface: the metal base, inorganic nonmetallic substrate and the polymer base. The metal base includes aluminum alloy, stainless and copper. Inorganic nonmetals include quartzcrystals and graphene. The polymer substrate includes PDMS polymer and PTFE. The properties and applications of different superhydrophobic surfaces produced by different bases are described in detail. In the end, the application of superhydrophobic surfaces manufactured by laser is summarized and prospected.
  • The application of graphene oxide in the field of biomedicine
    DU Xiaxia, SHU Gang, CHEN Zongyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8040-8047. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.007
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    Graphene oxide has become the most promising biomaterial in biomedical applications. Due to its high drug loading capacity, it has been a research hotspot in gene delivery, bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, immune enhancement and antibacterial activity. In this review, the research progress of graphene oxide in biomedicine was mainly introduced.
  • The application of carbon nanomaterials in the flexible pressure sensor
    LUO Shi, ZHOU Xi, YANG Jun, WEI Dapeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8048-8056. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.008
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    Recently, flexible pressure sensor was an attractive field and had a tremendous application in the field of electronic skin, robots, mobile medical diagnosis and human-machine interaction with the development of carbon nanomaterials. The flexible pressure sensor based on carbon nanomaterials had the advantage of flexibility and stability. In this paper, the classification of flexible pressure sensor based on carbon nanomaterials and the advantages and disadvantages of each type of the flexible pressure sensor were reported. In the end, the development trend of flexible pressure sensor in durability, multi-dimensional deformation detection and biosafety was prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Effect of sintering pressure on the nodulation of high performance TFT ITO target
    HUANG Shicheng, YANG Xiang, LU Yingdong, JIANG Shu, LI Xifeng, ZHANG Xuefeng, DU Haizhu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8057-8061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.009
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    High performance ITO ceramic targets are manufactured by adjusting the sintering pressure during the sintering process. The ITO films were grown by magnetron sputtering and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectrophotometer, atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope. The surface nodulation of ITO ceramic targets were observed. The results show that nodulation of ITO ceramic targets has been greatly reduced when sintering pressure is more than standard atmosphere pressure. The ITO films which are fabricated by magnetron sputtering are amorphous. The roughness values for ITO films reduce from 0.35 to 0.28 nm. The average optical transmittance of ITO films is higher than 84% with a glass substrate as a reference sample. In addition, the ITO films have little etching residue after the improvement of the sintering pressure. In generally, changing the sintering pressure by controlling the pressure of atmosphere can improve the quality of the ITO ceramic targets effectively and enhance the performance of the transparent conductive films.
  • Preparation of P(St-GMA)-IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) microspheres and its adsorption properties
    WANG Kai, QIU Guangming, ZHAO Lijuan, JIN Ruifa, LI Xiuhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8062-8067. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.010
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    P(Styrene-Glycidyl methacrylate)(P(St-GMA)) microspheres were synthesized adopting dispersion copolymerization, and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was then grafted on the surface of P(St-GMA) microspheres via the ring-opening reaction, to form P(St-GMA)-IDA microspheres. New P(St-GMA)-IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) microspheres were prepared by coordinating Cu(Ⅱ) on P(St-GMA)-IDA microspheres. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), and conductivity meter. The adsorption performances of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on P(St-GMA)-IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) microspheres was discussed in detail, including pH and contact time. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters in adsorption process were studied to discuss the mechanism of adsorption. The experimental results showed that the highest adsorption capacity of P(St-GMA)-IDA-Cu(Ⅱ) microspheres was around pH=6. The highest adsorption capacity was 37. 66 mg/g at 298 K and the equilibrium adsorption data fitted well to Langmuir. The kinetic experimental data were correlated with second-order kinetic model.
  • Effect of alkali treatment on the manila hemp fiber structure and paper diaphragm electro-acoustic performance
    PENG Kui, FANG Pengfei, HE Chunqing, XIAO Hui, QIN Yuyan, HU Bei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8068-8074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.011
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    The electro-acoustic (frequency response) characteristics of the loudspeaker usually be affected by the mechanical properties of the paper diaphragm. The mechanical properties of the diaphragm were improved by modifying the natural fiber. In this work, the structure of Manila hemp fiber and the mechanical properties, electro-acoustic performance of paper diaphragm were discussed on the effects of alkali concentration and treatment time. The surface morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of Manila hemp fiber treated before and after were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA. The results showed that the fiber surface roughness increased, and the crystallinity of the fiber increased and then decreased as the alkali concentration or the treatment time increased. The lignin and hemicellulose on the fiber surface were decreased. The thermo-stability of cellulose improved the same time lignin’s decreased. When the alkali concentration was too large or the treatment time was too long, the cellulose will be degraded, the mechanical strength of the diaphragm was affected. The fiber diaphragm has the best mechanical properties and electro-acoustic performance with 5wt% of the alkali concentration, 3 h of the treatment time.
  • The applicability of resistance method in the corrosion of steel bar
    QIAO Hongxia, GUO Xiangke, WANG Penghui, LI Yuanke, LIANG Jinke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8075-8079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.012
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    The corrosion of steel bar in the concrete structures is the most common problem in its service process. The traditional weight-loss method is limited in solving it due to its damage detection and thus resistance method is brought forward as a measuring method. The corrosion of steel bar was measured by resistance method and weight loss method which were based on the fast corrosion test. It is found that the determination of corrosion of steel bar by resistance method can not only reflect the corrosive results, but also can be used to analyze the corrosion process by contrasting with change of steel resistance and corrosion rate, and conducting a significant analysis by hypothesis test. It is also found that resistance method can well reflect the corrosion rate of steel bar and has good applicability in practical engineering.
  • Effects of a polyurethane compatibilizer on thestructure and properties of chitosan-based composites
    ZHANG Yu, LI Qian, DENG Yinghua, LI Jinghong, WU Qiangxian, ZHOU Shiyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8080-8085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.013
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    In this study, polycaprolactone based polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was used as a compatibilizer to prepare compatible chitosan- thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) composites in an intensive mixer. The effects of the PUP content on the structure and properties of the composites were analyzed. The -NCO groups of PUP compatibilizer can interact with -OH or -NH2 groups of chitosan through urethane linkages to improve compatibility between chitosan and PUP. Also, the PUP compatibilizer interacted with the TPU through physical cross-linking due to their similar structures. Thus, between the chitosan and the TPU matrix formed an interface layer, which significantly improved compatibility of the composite. Consequently, the mechanical and morphological characterizations were performed to show that the chitosan-PUP-TPU composites had better performance compared to the chitosan-TPU composite without the compatibilizer. Therefore, the PUP interface structure plays an important role in improving compatibility and performance of the chitosan-TPU composite materials. This work provides a simple and effective method to prepare hydrophilic chitosan/ hydrophobic polymers composites.
  • Preparation and characterization of PEGDA/SA hydrogel
    WU Haomin, DU Jianke, LIN Tingting
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8086-8092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.014
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    The poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate(PEGDA)/sodium alginate(SA) composite hydrogel was synthesized by stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing and ionic gelation. The swelling behavior, mechanical properties and dynamic thermomechanical analysis of composites with different mass fraction of PEGDA and SA were investigated. The swelling test results show that the decrease of PEGDA content or the increase of SA content can effectively increase the equilibrium water content and absorbing rate. The compression performance test results show that the SA network can provide a “soft chain”, which is benefit for increasing the maximum compressive strain of hydrogel. The maximum compressive strain of composite hydrogel reached to 30.4% at the 50/2.5 proportion of PEGDA/SA, which was 45.4% higher than that of the hydrogel at the 50/0 proportion. DSCM results show that the Poisson’s ratio of the hydrogel was 0.35-0.5. DMA results indicate that composite hydrogel has the same material structure between -20 and 100 ℃. The glass transition temperature doesn't change with the change of SA content.
  • Study on TiO2 photocatalyst co-doped with vanadium and cobalt
    LYU Tianping, CHEN Mingpeng, SHEN Kaiyuan, LI Kejin, ZHANG Dongming, ZHANG Jin, ZHU Zhongqi, ZHANG Genlin, LIU Qingju
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8093-8096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.015
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    In this work, TiO2 photocatalysts, which co-doped with vanadium (V) and cobalt (Co), were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalysis properties of the as-prepared TiO2 were investigated by using methylene blue trihydrate (MB) as degradation object. Co-doping with V and Co has obvious effect on the average crystalline grain size, absorption spectrum, recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and photocatalytic degradation of MB. The optimal amount for V and Co was n(V)∶n(Ti)=0.3% and n(Co)∶n(Ti)=0.1% through orthogonal test, and the sample showed excellent degradation efficiency to MB. The degradation rate after irradiation by fluorescent light for 6 h was 96.4%, which was better than 44.35% of the P25 TiO2 photocatalyst which made in Degussa, German.
  • Study on properties of waste paper fiber/microcrystalline cellulose reinforced PHBV composites
    ZHANG Xiaolin, LI Jia, DENG Xiangsheng, JIN Xiao, NIE Sunjian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8097-8101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.016
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    The biodegradable composite material was prepared by injection molding with PHBV as matrix and microcrystalline cellulose and waste paper fiber as reinforcements. The effects of MCC with different mass fraction and waste paper fiber with different mass fraction on the mechanical properties, water absorption and interfacial properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites after adding MCC have been improved and the mechanical properties of the composites are the best when the mass fraction of MCC is 3%. And the composite material after blending and filling has the best combination mechanical properties when the mass fraction of waste paper is 10%. The water absorbency of composites increases with the increase of fiber content in waste paper. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the compatibility of MCC with P-HBV interface is better and the interfacial properties of blended waste paper fibers decrease.
  • Numerical simulation of fluid flow for honeycomb shaped porous medium model
    JIANG Jingzhi, MA Liying, CUI Haiting, PENG Peiying, ZHU Hairong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8102-8107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.017
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    A Honeycomb shaped porous medium model was constructed, the flow of the fluid inside it was numerically simulated by using software Fluent, the effects of different initial velocity and different pore size on the flow characteristics of porous media and their effects on the attachment and growth of microorganisms in porous media were investigated. The results show that with the increase of initial flow velocity in porous media, the fluid shear force increases, and the probability of microbial growth reduced. At the same condition of initial velocity, with the pore size increasing, the areas for microbial growth reduced, and it is difficult to form biofilm. With the thickness of porous carrier increasing, the velocity in the bottom of the porous carrier decreases, thus microorganisms on the bottom of porous carriers fall off because of no nutrients. The best parameters obtained in this simulation are the parameter of fluid flow characteristics is 0.001 m/s and the aperture diameter of model structure is 20 μm.
  • Study on the Ni-P coatings deposited on the ceramic surface of packaging materials by using electroless plating method
    WAN Jian, LI Xiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8108-8111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.018
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    In order to improve the surface quality of packaging materials, and the requirements for the industrial production, aerospace, daily life are satisfied. Ni-P coatings were deposited on the ceramic surface of packaging materials by using electroless plating method in this paper. The surface topography, phase structure, crystallization temperature, and wear-resisting property of the coatings were investigated by using scanning electron microscope, X ray diffract-meter, differential thermal analyzer, friction wear testing machine. The results indicate that when the nickel sulfate content in the bath is 30 g/L and the heat treatment temperature is 500 ℃, the wear loss weight of the Ni-P coating reaches the minimum of 22.2 mg. The wear mechanism of Ni-P coatings were mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear with the temperature at 500 ℃. DSC analysis shows that the crystallization temperature corresponding to the main exothermic peak of the Ni-P coating is 339 ℃. When the heat treatment temperature reaches 500 ℃, the final stable phases of Ni-P coating are Ni+Ni3P+NiO.
  • Study on amino-modified biological glass/gelatin/collagen composite scaffold
    ZHANG Tengfei, WANG Fang, TANG Keyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8112-8118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.019
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    In this work, bioactive glass was prepared by sol-gel method, and the bioactive glass/gelatin/collagen composite scaffold was prepared with bioactive glass, gelatin and collagen protein. Mechanical tests showed that the compressive strength was 5.97 MPa at the deformation of 50% for the scaffold. After amino modification of bioactive glass, the compressive strength was 6.15 MPa which showed a slight increase under the same condition. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) indicated that amide bond might be formed between amino-bioactive glass, gelatin and collagen, indicating an enhanced structure stability of the scaffold. Bioactive glass/gelatin/collagen composite scaffold was immersed in simulated body fluid for mineralization, and hydroxyapatite could be observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) on the surface of the scaffold. The hydroxyapatite particles produced gradually increased with prolonging the mineralization time. After 28 days degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the rest part of scaffold with bioactive glass without amino modification was 25.25 wt%, while that with amino modication was 32.96%, which meant that the interfacial compatibility between inorganic phase and organic phase was improved by amino modification to improve the structural stability of composite scaffold. According to RGR and toxicity grade, the toxicity of BG-NH2/GEL/COL composites was classified as grade 0 or 1, which was safe for biomedical use. Amino-modified bioactive glass/gelatin/collagen composite scaffold is expected to be potentially applied in bone tissue engineering.
  • Study on the preparation, bonding strength and wettability of HA/CS composites
    WANG Xiaolin, LIU Shimin, LI Baoe, ZHANG Xianlin, MA Jianwei, LI Haipeng, LIANG Chunyong, WANG Hongshui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8119-8123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.020
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    In this work, porous hydroxyapatite (HA) coating with flower-shaped morphology was prepared on the surface of Ti implants by micro-arc oxidation treatment, and then different concentrations of chitosan (CS) were successfully loaded on the HA surface through dip-coating method. SEM, EDS and XRD tests were performed to investigate the morphology, elemental composition and physical phase of the coatings before and after CS loading. FT-IR was used to detect the functional groups and their interaction within the coatings. The wettability of the different HA/CS samples was evaluated by measuring the contact angles with deionized water. And the interface bonding strength between CS and HA was tested by scratch method. The results showed that, with the increase of CS concentration, the flower-shaped HA coatings were gradually covered, finally forming a smooth and continuous CS layer on Ti surface. The interface bonding strength could be up to 8.3 N due to the interactions between HA and CS. The load of CS could effectively reduce the surface wettability of the HA layer, and the surface wettability decreased with the increase of CS concentration.
  • Study on mechanical properties of PPGDGE modified E51 epoxy resin
    LIU Rui, QIAO Yingjie, LIN Yulei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8124-8130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.021
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    The modified resin were synthesized by PPGDGE and E51 epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of normal temperature and low temperature were investigated by additive amount of PPGDGE. The results show that the best mass fraction of PPGDGE is 20wt%, at room temperature, the tensile fracture strain of the material reached 7.5%, which is 82.9% higher than that before the modification, the tensile strength of the material is 93.3 MPa, the compression strength is 129.8 MPa, the bending strength is 116.60 MPa. At low temperature, tensile fracture strain of the material reached 5.4%, which is 50% higher than that before the modification, the tensile strength of the material is 130.4 MPa, compression strength is 174.6 MPa, bending strength is 154.9 MPa.
  • Influence of nano-CaCO3 on hydration and hardening characteristics of sulphoaluminate cement
    ZHU Yanchao, MA Baoguo, ZHAO Hechuang, TAN Hongbo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8131-8135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.022
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    The influences of nano-CaCO3 on setting time, compressive strength, hydration heat, hydration products and micro-morphology of sulphoaluminate cement were studied. The test results show that when nano-CaCO3 was added into sulphoaluminate cement paste, the setting process of sulphoaluminate cement is accelerated, the interval of initial and final setting time is shortened, and the compressive strength is remarkably improved. The hydration induction period is shortened, the acceleration period begins immediately and the first and second peak value of hydration heat is increased by 15.4% and 18.9 respectively. The amount of hydration heat is also increased by adding nano-CaCO3. In the system of sulphoaluminate cement, the micro-aggregate filling effect and nucleation effect of nano-CaCO3 increase the crystallinity of ettringite, thereby the setting and hydration of SAC are promoted. Adding nano-CaCO3 into sulphoaluminate cement system can make hardened cement paste more integral, symmetrical and compact, and improve the strength of sulphoaluminate cement slurry.
  • The effect of nitric acid treatment on adsorption properties and diffusion behavior of Li adsorption on phosphorene:A first-principle study
    TAN Xin, LIU Yaoyao, LI Xuan, ZHANG Jiqing, JIA Ru
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8136-8142. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.023
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    The adsorption and diffusion behavior of Li adatoms at four high symmetry sites on phosphorene and NO-3-phosphorene were systematically investigated by the first principle method based on density functional theory (DFT). Electronic properties were calculated. Before and after nitric acid treatment, Li adatoms prefer to be adsorbed at the H site of phosphorene. Nitric acid treatment makes the adsorption of Li adatoms on the surface of phosphorene more stable. On one hand, The charge is transfers from the Li adatoms to the phosphorene nearby, on the other hand, The charge is transfers from the phosphorene to the NO-3 nearby after the Li adatoms adsorbs on the surface of NO-3-phosphorene system. The adsorption of Li adatoms on the surface of the phosphorene system is both N-type and P-type. The treatment of nitric acid increases the charge transfer of the entire system, therefore, the treatment of nitric acid enhances the ionicity of the system. Nitric acid treatment reduces the activation energy of Li adatoms on the surface of phosphorene and the migration of Li adatoms on the surface of NO-3-phosphorene is more easier.
  • Capillary water absorption and mechanical properties of a concrete with M-PSA
    LI Chunguang, ZENG Jianfeng, LIU Zhenzhong, YU Lijun, HE Mingqiang, PAN Wang, LIN Yuzhen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8143-8149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.024
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    Transmission of moisture in capillaries is a main reason for deterioration of concrete. A new-modified PSA (M-PSA), made from Fenton paper mill sludge through high temperature heating and cooling before mixed stearic aci, was modified by ball-milling. The M-PSA replacing the ordinary portland cement in varying proportions were used to made up concrete together with aggregate, and then the performances of capillay water absorption and mechanism of the concrete were tested. Compositions and hydration mechanism of the M-PSA and the concrete were analyzed by XRD, SEM/EDS and FT-IR. The results show that when the content of M-PSA reaching up to 4％, there are the more C-S-H and the better interface performance in concrete due to the active ingredients of Al and Si, calcium ferrite and calcium ferroalumnates from the M-PSA, at the same time the lower water adsorption since the introducing of hydrophobic group then CON. Early compressive strengths of the concrete are increased by replacing M-PSA, which have no effect on the long-term compressive strength, in spite of the slight decrease of splitting-tensile strength. M-PSA can act as a concrete admixture by adopting isometric substitute of ordinary portland cement to improve the water absorption characteristics of concrete,thereby applying to engineering with high waterproof or durability requirement.
  • Theoretical studies on electronic and transport properties of doped armchair stanene nanoribbon
    CHEN Ying, TANG Qiqi, HE Jia, LI Dengfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8150-8154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.025
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    Stanene has been attracted extensive attentions due to its excellent physical properties and great potential application in nanoelectronic devices, such as topological superconductivity and quantum anomalous Hall effect. Based on the first-principles theory combined with non-equilibrium Green’s function, the P-type and N-type doping of the hydrogen-passivated armchair stanene nanoribbons (ASnNRs) and their electronic transport properties were investigated. The binding energy, band structure, density of states, transmission and electrical conductance were presented. The results show that the Al and Cl can be an effective P-type and N-type dopant, respectively. The results have great applications in stanene-based nanoelectronic devices.
  • Relationships between micro-strains and hydrogen storage characteristics of V60Ti25Cr3Fe12 alloy refined by ball milling
    DAI Xu, WU Chaoling, WANG Qian, CHEN Yungui, ZHANG Haichao, ZHANG Wenhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8155-8160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.026
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    Vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys can be introduced lattice defects during ball milling, and the defects can decay the hydrogen storage characteristics. In this paper, the relationships between the micro-strains of V60Ti25Cr3Fe12 alloy powder with average particle size of 100 nm to 2 μm prepared by ball milling and the hydrogen absorption and desorption properties was studied by XRD, TEM, SEM and PCT. The results show that the ball milling process introduces amorphization, lattice distortions, dislocations, and micro-strains. The function of the milling time (x1) and the micro-strain (y1) of the alloy particles after heat treatment at 400 ℃ is y1=0.313+0.170x1-0.00695x12, and the function of the micro-strains changing rate is y′1=0.170-0.0139x1. With the increase of milling times, the micro-strains changing rate (y′1) decreases linearly. The initial y′1 is the maximum, y′1(0)(max)=0.170(% h-1), thus the micro-strains accumulated rapidly. After milling for 12 h, y′1(12)=0.0032(%h-1) makes the accumulation of micro-strains tend to be saturated. When the milling time increased from 0 to 12 h, the micro-strains increased from 0.313% to 1.354%. The rising of the micro-strains decreased the content of the dihydride (γ-phase) from 65.2% to 13.2%, and increased the content of the mono-hydride (β-phase) from 32.5% to 80.3%, which resulted in an effective hydrogen release amount decreasing from 1.81wt% down to 0.58wt%. The micro-strains (x2) is negatively correlated with the effective hydrogen release amount (y2) and their functional relationship is y2=1.999-1.124x2.
  • Dielectric property of MWNTs/PVDF composites
    TONG Ting, FU Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8161-8165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.027
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    In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite materialswere prepared via melting method. The influence of different content of MWNTs on the dielectric properties of MWNTs/PVDF compositewas investigated,and the influence mechanism of MWNTs on the dielectric constant of the composite materials was explored.The results showed that α-PVDF phases in the composite transformed into γ-PVDF phases with the increasing the contents of MWNT. Broadband dielectric spectrometer showed that the dielectric constant increased with the temperature increasing and moved along the higher temperature. Because of the addition of MWNTs caused by PVDF polymer, molecular thermal motion and polarization were intensified under the effect of the field.Dielectric loss was also reduced, which indicated that the dielectric properties of the composite were improved.
  • The critical thickness of InGaAs/GaAs heterofilms
    LUO Zijiang, NI Zhaofeng, CUI Xiao, GUO Xiang, DING Zhao, WANG Jihong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8166-8171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.028
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    The critical thickness of InGaAs/GaAs heterofilms were studied by RHEED and STM from three parameters, In component in this thesis, growth temperature and As BEP respectively. We found that In component has play the most important role to critical thickness of InGaAs/GaAs heterofilms, and the changes of growth temperature and As BEP were in large part influnence on the critical heterofilms. Under a specific growth temperature and As BEP, with the decreasing of In component the critical thickness of the heterofilms should be increasing as exponential. The critical thickness will tend to infinity when the In component is less than 20%. For a paticular In component of InGaAs/GaAs heterofilms, at the same temperature the critical thickness will increase quickly as the As BEP rises; at the same time, the critical thickness will decrease with the increasing of growth temperature when the As BEP was an equal level; the difference of critical thickness between different growth temperature will become narrow with the decreasing of the BEP, which will tend to be zero at a lower As BEP.
  • Gas sensitive properties of a single Ag-doped SnO2 nanobelt with high sensitivity and selectivity to acetone
    LI Hanchun, QIN Zhaojun, LIU Yingkai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8172-8177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.029
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    SnO2-based nanobelts have aroused great interest recentlydue to their unique advantages in gas detection. In this work, single crystal SnO2 nanobelts (SnO2 NBs) and Ag-doped SnO2 nanobelts (Ag-SnO2 NBs) were synthesized by thermal evaporation. Their composition and morphology are systematically characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). In the mean time, the sensitive properties of SnO2 NBs and Ag-SnO2 NBs sensors were investigated. It is found that the best working temperature of Ag-SnO2 NB sensor is 220 ℃ to acetone, which is lower than that of SnO2 NB sensor (230 ℃); the sensitivity of Ag-SnO2 NB sensor is 7.6×10-6 to 1.00×10-4 of acetone, which is 2.3 times as much as that of the SnO2 NB sensor; its response (recovery) time and calculated theoretical detection limit to acetone are 6(7) s and 42.95×10-9 respectively. The gas sensing mechanism is that Ag+ ions improve the adsorption of as O-, O2- and O2- and enhance the reactions of adsorbed oxygen ions with acetone on the surface of Ag-SnO2 NBs.Thus leads tohigh sensitivity and selectivity of Ag-SnO2 NBs to acetone.
  • Study of indium doped model of 16-atom GaAs supercell
    LIU Xuefei, LUO Zijiang, ZHOU Xun, WANG Jihong, WEI Jiemin, WANG Yi, GUO Xiang, LANG Qizhi, LIU Wansong, DING Zhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8178-8182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.030
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    A detailed study of 16 atomic GaAs supercell model doped with indium by replacing gallium position is carried out in this paper. When indium composition is changed from 0 to 1, 256 kinds of doping and 13 symmetric types were found. Different symmetry properties resulted from the same indium composition and the same symmetry properties were corresponding to the different indium composition. Four kinds of situation of the partial density of state were calculated. The results show that composition of indium is the main factor that influences the physical properties of InxGa1-xAs, while the influence of symmetry type can be ignored.
    • Process & Technology
  • Self-activated sorption of LiB based getters about different gases at room temperature
    ZHOU Qianyuan, LIU Zhijian, HUANG Haifeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8183-8188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.031
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    In this paper, the long-term sorption characteristics of LiB based getter for H2, N2, O2, wet air and dry air at room temperature were investigated. The changes of phase and micro-surface in the LiB based getter after sorption were investigated by XRD and SEM, and the sorption mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the sorption quantity of LiB based getter after 960 h at room temperature in the atmosphere of H2, O2 and N2 were QH=13.20 Pa·m3/g, QO=4.35 Pa·m3/g, and QN=2.73 Pa·m3/g, respectively. The sorption mechanism of LiB based getter material in pure gases can be divided into three stages: Ⅰ for the surface Li reaction control stage,Ⅱ for Li and gas atoms mutual diffusion control phase, Ⅲ for Li diffusion in LiB compound or gas atoms through the product layer diffusion control stage. There are no obvious three stages in the sorption process of LiB based getters under dry air and humid air. The product of the reaction between a certain amount of water vapor and LiB based getter in enclosed environment, hinder the absorption process and reduce the sorption quantity greatly.
  • Preparation of Ni/ZnO and its application on modified polyester fabric
    QIU Yu, WANG Liming, SHEN Yong, XU Lihui, CHEN Cheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8189-8194. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.032
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    In this paper, C4H10O6Zn and Cl2H12NiO6 were used as raw materials to prepare the compound Ni/ZnO in alkaline alcohol solution by water bath. The effect of different doping ratio on the photocatalytic performance was studied by regarding methyl orange as a colored contaminant. Then the prepared Ni/ZnO was applied to modified polyester fabric. Its structure and properties were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, DRS, ESEM, XPS and XRD. The UV resistance of the modified polyester fabrics treated with Ni/ZnO was tested. The results show that an appropriate amount of Ni doping can enter the interior of ZnO and reduce its band gap. At the same time, the range of light response was broadened to the long wave direction, and a large amount of Ni/ZnO can be obviously observed on the treated fabric surface. Compared with 4%, 5% and 6% doping amount of Ni/ZnO, 3% Ni/ZnO showed the lowest absorbance at λmax, and the degradation rate of methyl orange was 81.2%. The doped ZnO had a higher degradation rate to methyl orange and showed better photocatalytic properties. At the same time, the UV resistance (UPF value) of 3% Ni/ZnO modified terylene fabric reached 50+.
  • Study on the preparation and properties of noise-reducing porous asphalt composites
    LI Yousheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8195-8199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.033
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    In this paper, three experiments of glass fiber modified porous asphalt, nano silica modified porous asphalt, glass fiber and nano silica composite modified porous asphalt were carried out with glass fiber and nano silica as additives. At the same time, the relationship between additives and the leakage rate, the anti rutting ability and the tensile strength of the porous asphalt was studied by the leakage experiment, the LWT test and the indirect tensile test. The change law between the material performance and the additive content was determined, and the best modified ratio was obtained. The results showed that glass fiber and silica have significant improvement on the performance of porous asphalt, and the composite modification has a more obvious effect than the single additive modification. When the content of glass fiber is 0.5% and the content of nano silica is 4%, the material has the best performance. At this time, the rutting depth of the material is only 0.9 mm, the tensile strength is 4 600 kPa, and the leakage rate is about 0.1%.
  • 2-2 type multilayer CoFe2O4-Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48) O3 magnetoelectriccomposite film prepared by tape casting
    ZHAO Le, SU Yuchang, ZHANG Jing, YU Qiushan, REBIGULI·tursun, YUE Shixiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8200-8204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.034
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    In this paper, (CoFe2O4–Pb (Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3)n [(CFO-PZT)n]composite films, which belongs to 2-2 type multi-layer and have good ferroelectric ferromagnetism, were prepared by the tape casting method. The surface morphology, ferromagnetism and ferroelectric properties of (CFO-PZT)n composite films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and TFAnalyzer 2000 UL ferroelectric tester. The results show that PZT with the perovskite structure and CFO with the spinel structure are uniformly distributed in the multi-layer composite films, and the interface is even and uniform. With the increasing in annealing temperature, the density of the films increases and the grains grow up, but the phase structure does not change and no new phase is formed. The crystal of (CFO-PZT)n composite film heat-treated at 900 ℃ was more perfect, and its magnetoelectric properties were good. The remnant polarization is 32.63 μC/cm2, saturation magnetization is as high as 80.56 kA/m and the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is 17.69 mV/(cm·T) at 2.29×104 A/m bias magnetic field.
  • Study on the properties of carbon fiber reinforced syntactic foa
    WANG Yaosheng, YA Bin, ZHOU Bingwen, MENG Linggang, MISRA Devesh, ZHANG Xingguo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8205-8210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.035
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    Oxidized carbon fiber (OCF) was obtained by treating the surface of carbon fiber (CF) by the mixed acid system of concentrated H2SO4 and HNO3. Epoxy resin/OCF/ hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) syntactic foams were fabricated by using ultrasonic dispersion and die casting method. The density, compressive strength, water absorption and fractured surface morphology of syntactic foam were studied. The model of carbon fiber reinforced syntactic foam was established by using the ABAQUS numerical simulation software, and the effect of carbon fiber on the stress distribution in syntactic foam was studied. The results show that the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups were formed on the surface of carbon fibers after the oxidation of carbon fibers, and the adhesion of carbon fibers to epoxy resin was improved. With the increase of OCF content, the duty ratio increased but the density of syntactic foams had little change. Compressive strength of syntactic foam increased first and then decreased. When the content of OCF was 5%, the compressive strength was the highest, which was 41 MPa, improved by about 13.8%. The water absorption also increased with the increase of carbon fiber. The water absorption of all the samples was less than 2%. By analyzing the stress nephogram after compression of the model, it shows that carbon fiber can effectively bear a large part of stress in syntactic foam. The stress of HGMs decreases, which reduces the broken of HGMs and the generation of crack source, thus enhancing syntactic foam.
  • Influence of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of a new type Fe-Ni-Cr-Ti alloy
    ZHU Yahui, LI Yongyou, WANG Dongzhe, WANG Fangjun, ZHAO Anzhong, LIU Haiding
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8211-8216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.036
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    The new type Fe-Ni-Cr-Ti alloy mainly used in pressure sensors. Follow this new type pressure sensor’s characteristics of ultra-thin wall, in order to get the accuracy level of leak rate reach 10-7Pa·L/S order of magnitude and the fitting precision reach within ten in ten thousand FS, the raw material bar with fine and uniform microstructure and consistency of performance plays a key role. This paper research the influence on microstructure of the heat treatment process with different solution temperature and different solution time. The results shows that the grain size of the raw material bar quenched at 1 000 ℃×60 min before a certain cold deformation is 5 or smaller, which achieve the desired goal of fine and uniform microstructure,it is beneficial to prepare sensors with excellent vibration characteristics,and satisfy the element’sperformance index of leak rate fitting precision.
  • Fabrication, photocatalytic and photocurrent response properties of NiO@ZnO core-shell
    DONG Lei, DING Meng, WANG Chenggang, PENG Changsi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(8): 8217-8220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.08.037
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    In this paper, ZnO nanorods, NiO nanosheets and NiO@ZnO nanocomposite with uniform size and good reproducibility were prepared on carbon cloth by electrochemical method. The morphology and crystal structure were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO@NiO nano-heterostructure is evaluated by the photodegradation of rhodamine B under the ultraviolet light, and the result indicates that the NiO@ZnO nano-heterostructure exhibits more excellent photocatalytic property. And the photocurrent response of NiO@ZnO structure is superior to pure ZnO nanorods and NiO nanosheets. These good optoelectronic properties are attributed to the formation of a p-n junction between ZnO and NiO to facilitate the separation of photo-generated carriers.
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