28 February 2019, Volume 50 Issue 2
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2018)
  • XIE Guangyong, YIN Shuaishuai, WU Mengyuan, ZHANG Yang, XU Hanxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2001-2005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.001
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    Zinc Oxide (ZnO) varistor ceramics have the advantages of high nonlinear coefficient, short response time, low leakage current, large flow capacity and high cost effectiveness and so on, which are widely used for the over voltage protection in all sorts of circuit. It is very significant for the manufacture and application of ZnO varistor ceramics to study its fast discharge characteristics. In this paper, the microstructure and physical model of ZnO varistor ceramics were analyzed. The research methods were investigated for the conductivity of ZnO varistor ceramics by means of electric pulse generator, spark gap switch and pulse shaping device. The discharge characteristics of ZnO varistors under 8/20 μs electromagnetic pulse and steep pulse were discussed. Finally, it was pointed that the ZnO varistor ceramics should be studied by using nanosecond and ultrafast electric pulse excitation.
  • LI Hatao, WANG Guangxin, PENG Kun, HAN Xueyang, LI Yanyan, GU Yongjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2006-2011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.002
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    High density Li0.06(Na0.535K0.48)0.94Nb0.94Sb0.06O3+xwt% ZnO+B2O3LNKNS-xZB2 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent electrical properties were prepared by conventional mixed-oxide method at 960-980 ℃. Effects of doping amount of ZnO+B2O3 on sinterability, crystalline phase, microstructure and electrical properties were investigated. Results obtained revealed that doping ZnO+B2O3 not only the sinterability but also the crystal structure of LNKNS-xZB2 ceramics. A phase transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry was conformed in the doping range of 1.2%-1.6wt% ZnO+B2O3 using X-ray diffraction patterns. A sample with x=1.6 sintered at 980 ℃ showed excellent comprehensive properties with d33about 285 pC/N, kp about 35.4%, εr about 954, Qm about 205,Pr about 29.5 μC/cm2 and ρr about 96.3%. this study a new way to low-temperature sintering of NKN-based lead-free piezoceramics with high performance.
  • LU Yuanyuan, LI Hejun, DING Xu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2012-2016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.003
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    In view of the growth characteristics of microcrystalline silicon thin films which first undergo amorphous transition layer before crystallization, in this paper, it was attempted to prolong the diffusion time of deposited atoms on the growth surface of thin films by reducing the deposition rate of thin films, in order to promote grain growth. The results show that the deposition rate decreased with the decrease of gas flow. And as the deposition rate decreased, surface roughness decreased obviously and the average grain size improved. Grains which were bigger than 10 nm could be observed in HRTEM photos, which indicated that the decrease of the deposition rate had a great effect on the diffusion of deposited particles on growth surface. At the same time, the change rule of minority carrier lifetime agreed with the change rules of the crystallinity and average grain size, which showed a decisive effect of the microstructure on electrical properties.
  • XIAO Linghan, FENG Hengyu, GAO Yapei, CUI Qingshi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2017-2022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.004
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    A novel multi-functional composite microsphere with magnetic-antibacterial-fluorescence was successfully prepared by using polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) as a template. The as-synthesized microspheres PGMA, amino-modified PGMA (NH2-PGMA), and magnetic PGMA (M-PGMA) all had smooth spherical surfaces and fine monodispersity. M-PGMA microspheres had superparamagnetism, which made M-PGMA to be effectively separated from the solution by an external magnetic field. The introduction of poly(haxemethylenguanidine hydrochloride)(PHGH) made the hybrid microspheres have significant antibacterial effect. Fluorescent features (CdTe) adsorbed on the microspheres surface by electrostatic adsorption imparted biological functions to the hybrid microspheres. The combination of magnetic, antibacterial and fluorescent light into a single hybrid microsphere opens up the possibility of extensive research on multifunctional materials and broadens the range of potential applications.
  • CHEN Chong, BAI Zikui, XU Weilin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2023-2028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.005
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    In order to obtain a PVDF piezoelectric film with high piezoelectric conversion efficiency, it is critical to increase the β crystal content in the PVDF film and control the microstructure of the film. In this paper, a mixed solution of BiCl3/PVDF was cast into a film in a strong electric field. The crystal phase composition and microstructure characteristics of the composite membrane were characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The composite membrane was assembled into a piezoelectric device and its piezoelectric response was tested. The results show that BiCl3 and the strong electric field had a great influence on the microstructure and β crystal orientation in the composite film. When the concentration of BiCl3 was 2wt%, the crystallinity reached 76.5% and the β crystal content reached 89.5% in the composite film. The strong electric field promoted the formation and orientation arrangement of β-crystal in the composite film. When it was cast in an electric field intensity of 750 kV/m, the BiCl3/PVDF composite membrane was 60.8 V in piezoelectric response, 120.1 μW/cm2 in instantaneous output power surface density and 250 Hz in the maximum shock frequency.
  • Review & Advance
  • XIE Tingting, YANG Mingli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2029-2037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.006
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    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous frameworks in which metal nodes and organic ligands are linked by coordination bonds. Their high specific surface area and porosity, and rich and adjustable pore structures make it one of the hot topics of research. In this mini-review, the recent research progresses of MOFs in the remediation of polluted water, especially the treatment of inorganic heavy metal ions and organic pollutants were summarized. The mechanisms of the adsorptive removal of various pollutants from water were discussed. It was pointed out that for MOFs, their properties superior than other absorbents were that there were ways to tune the pore structures and introduce unsaturated metal sites and specific functionalities into the frameworks to change their surficial physicochemical properties according to the molecular or ionic properties of the target pollutants in water aiming to enhance the adsorptive selectivity, the adsorptive capacity and adsorptive rate. That’s why MOFs had a promising future as absorbents in absorptive removal of heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water. However, there were a few barriers on the way to the practical applications: (1) enhancing water stability in various environments, (2) enhancing stability under different conditions of regeneration and (3) decrease in costs of MOFs by using environmentally-benign building blocks in abundance.
  • XIAO Yao, DENG Wenwen, LI Changming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2038-2044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.007
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    Due to abundant sodium resources and low cost, sodium ion batteries have received extensive attention from researchers in recent years. However, because the weight of sodium ions and its radius are larger than those of lithium ions, it will inevitably lead to different requirements for electrode materials, which limits the electrochemical performance of the battery. Thus, developing the excellent electrode materials is the key point for sodium ion batteries. Compared with many reported inorganic electrode materials, organic electrode materials have great research value, which have the characteristics of abundance, various structures, environmental friendliness and high theoretical energy density. In this paper, the application of three types of typical organic electrode materials in sodium ion batteries was reviewed, and the future development of organic electrode materials was prospected. It would provide very useful information for the study of electroactive organic materials for sodium ion batteries.
  • SHEN Kaiyuan, LYU Tianping, ZHANG Dongming, ZHANG Jin, ZHANG Genlin, LIU Qingju
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2045-2050. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.008
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    Semiconductor photocatalysis is considered to be one of the most promising technologies, which can use solar energy to generate hydrogen from water and remove organic pollutants from the environment.Among them, TiO2 nanomaterials are regarded as the main photocatalysts, which have aroused focused investigation. Nevertheless, the high recombination rate of photon-generated carriers and wide band gap seriously restrict their practical application. It is expected that this problem will be solved by preparing Black TiO2 with Ti3+ and oxygen vacancy defects on the surface. The research progress on the Black TiO2 photocatalytic materials in recent years is reviewed. Some prospects and suggestions of the application and development of Black TiO2 as photocatalytic materials are proposed.
  • FENG Jiaying, SONG Jian, DONG Jianfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2051-2059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.009
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    The extrinsic chiral metamaterial has attracted more and more attention as it is a kind of metamaterial which is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, and can change the electromagnetic properties by adjusting the angle of incident wave. In this paper, the background and concept of extrinsic chiral metamaterials were briefly introduced, and the research progress of the simulation and experiment in microwave, terahertz and optical band were focused on, aming to reveal the practical applications in photonic devices and biomedicine.
  • ZHANG Lei, ZHU Jiping, WU Yucheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2060-2069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.010
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    Olivine lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) is considered as a promising high power density cathode material, due to its high capacity, long cycle life, low cost, and safety. However, the instinct crystal structure of LiFePO4 induces low electronic conductivity, poor ions diffusion coefficient and low tap density, which limits its commercial application in lithium-ion power batteries. In this review, the methods on enhancing the rate performance of LiFePO4 cathode material, including carbon coating and elements doping were summarized. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of above methods are also discussed.
  • WANG Xin, FANG Jianhua, LIU Ping, LIN Wang, FENG Yanhan, JIANG Zeqi, FAN Xingyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2070-2075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001G9731.2019.02.011
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    The types of phase change materials are reviewed, and the inorganic and organic phase change materials are summarized mainly from the aspects of phase transition mechanism, self-defects and improvement schemes. The process routes of four kinds of composite phase change materials were summarized. The application of phase change materials in building energy conservation, industrial waste heat recovery and temperature regulation fiber was briefly introduced. Finally, the future research directions of phase change materials were prospected.
  • PI Haohong, ZHANG Xiuqin, WANG Rui, WU Jing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2076-2085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.012
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    Electrospinning is a convenient and efficient method to prepare miro/nano fibers and fibrous membranes with different chemical compositions and microstructures. The directional liquid transport can be realized by constructing the surface morphology and microstructure of fibers or the heterogeneous wettability in the thickness direction of fibrous membranes. Research progress of electrospun fibers and fibrous membranes in directional liquid transport was reviewed. The transport mechanism and wetting mechanism of liquid on fiber and fiber membrane materials were investigated. Finally, the prospects of liquid directional transport micro/nanofiber materials in the future were pointed out.
  • Research & Development
  • ZHU Qing, JIANG Quanping, WANG Dehai, LUO Guan, LI Shangbin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2086-2093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.013
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    Solid-liquid interfacial adhesion is a key factor for the dynamic performance of the liquid on the solid surface. Low interfacial adhesion will improve the practical application for the hydrophobic surface. To discuss the effect of micro-structure of solid surface on the interfacial adhesion, the study in this paper used hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) as the probing liquid with high viscosity and low surface tension to prepare the hydrophobic surfaces with different surface morphologies by controlled the reaction conditions. Then the static contact angles and dynamic adhesion-separation processes between HTPB and hydrophobic surfaces were investigated by the contact angle system, force tensiometer, high speed video, and so on. When the micro-structure on solid surface changed in the range, the static contact angle of HTPB could have no obvisous difference, but the shape of HTPB droplet could be large different in dynamic separating process. Meanwhile, the dynamic processes and adhesion forces between water/glycerine and hydrophobic surfaces were measured for the comparation. The results showed that the interfacial adhesion force was closely decided with liquid property and micro-structure on solid surface. According to the influence of the surface microstructure of solid phase on the interfacial adhesion force, it was considered that the structure of solid-liquid interface was more uniform and dense. When the dimension of three-dimensional (X\Y\Z) direction realized nanometer, submicron and micrometer continuous three-dimensional display, the solid-liquid interfacial adhesion could be obviously decreased.
  • HAN Jiajia, WANG Miao, TIAN Miao, WU Chengke, GAO Shuyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2094-2100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.014
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    Azo dyes, as one of the serious dyestuff are difficult to degrade among the various pollutants owing to their high colority and toxicity. The electro-Fenton process consists of two parts, (1) the in-situ electrogeneration of H2O2 by two-electron reduction of oxygen, (2) the reaction of H2O2 with Fe2+ to form a strong oxidant ·OH, which unselectively attacks organic pollutants. Herein, biomass-derived carbon materials fabricated from chives stem (CS) were used as cathode electrocatalysts to degrade the targeted methyl red (MR) dye. The model sample CS-3 exhibited superior oxygen reduction reaction performance as the EF cathode catalyst and the degradation efficiency of MR reached 99% merely within 60 min. This research demonstrates that the high specific surface area, degree of graphitization, content of N and superhydrophilicity play crucial roles in the electro-Fenton degradation performance of the carbon materials, which provides guidance for the electro-Fenton electrode materials optimizing.
  • QUE Longkun, ZHANG Long, ZHANG Yong, PEI Chonghua, NIE Fude
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2101-2106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.015
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    Three dimensional graphene-based networks were prepared by the hydrothermal and carbonization process with graphene oxide and bean dregs. The morphology, crystalline form, molecular structure, composition of chemical elements and electrochemical performance of carbon composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM), X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectrometer, elemental analyzer, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the bean dregs could not only act as interlayer spacer to prevent the agglomeration of graphene layers, but also introduce the N element to the carbon composites, which could enhance the capacitance performance of the carbon composite materials. The carbon composite materials prepared under the mass ratio of 1∶2 between the graphene oxide and bean dregs exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 201.9 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The specific capacitance of 1G2BD-HC was much higher than that for carbon materials prepared from pure bean dregs and pure graphene oxide, which were 78.0and 93.0 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, respectively.
  • KE Xianlan, LIU Kunpeng, LU Yuxian, AI Lilu, WU Wendi, FENG Bo, LU Xiong, ZHOU Jie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2107-2114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.016
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    Highly ordered Mo-doped TiO2 nanotubes arrays (Mo-TNTs) were prepared by one step in situ anodizing process of metal Ti using Na2MoO4 as Mo source in electrolyte system. The surface morphology, crystal structure, optical property, valence states of elements and distribution were analyzed by SEM, XRD, TEM, FL, UV-DRS and XPS. These results showed that Mo-TNTs prepared exhibited high regularity of morphology and perfect crystalline. Doping elements distributed uniformly in total nanotubes layers. Appropriate Mo doping reduced recombination of photogenerated electron holes and extended the spectral response to visible light region. The antibacterial activities were evaluated under ultraviolet light and visible light irradiation using Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as the experimental bacteria. The results indicated that Mo-TNTs had significantly higher antibacterial activities than pure TNTs under ultraviolet light irradiation especially under visible light condition. The doped sample (Mo at%) exhibited highest ultraviolet visible-light catalytic antibacterial activities, which were 95%, 89% and 84%, 75% of antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
  • WANG Ting, HUANG Jin, CHEN Zhifeng, LUO Wen, JIANG Yan, QUAN Xiaoqian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2115-2119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.017
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    It was the first time to synthesize the azobenzene-fullerene nanocomposites (AZO-C60) in the aqueous phase system. The 4-((3, 5-dimethlaniline)-diazenyl)-4-benzoic acid (AZO) was prepared by diazo coupling. Then the AZO-C60 was synthesized by radical addition in aqueous solution using AZO and C60 modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The chemical structure and micromorphology of AZO-C60 were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the thermal stability and spectral performance of the AZO and AZO-C60 were studied by thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The results showed that the AZO-C60 nanocomposites exhibited unique photo-response, good thermal stability and excellent cycle stability compared to the unfunctionalized C60.
  • JIA Yalan, XIANG Bin, LUO Fang, LIU Tao, LUO Shikai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2120-2128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.018
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    A series of microcellular multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/silicone rubber foams were produced by supercritical foaming method. The effects of MWCNT on the rheological behavior, cellular structure, thermal and dielectric properties of microcellular silicone rubber foams were investigated. The results showed that MWCNT could improve the cellular morphology of microcellular silicone rubber foams. In addition, the onset thermal decomposition temperature of the microcellular MWCNT/silicone rubber foams increased from 441 to 467 ℃ when the MWCNT content increased from 0 to 6.0 wt%. The percolation threshold of the foam materials was nearly 2.0wt%, and the corresponding dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the foams could reach to 8.44 and 0.02 at 100 Hz, respectively.
  • HU Yanchun, ZHAO Xiangyu, WANG Xianwei, GUO Tengyu, WANG Shengjie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2129-2132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.019
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    Double-perovskite oxides Sr1.98Nd0.02FeMoO6 and Sr1.96Nd0.04FeMoO6 were prepared by sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction analyses suggest that all the samples are single phase and belong to I4/m space group. With Nd doping, the Rietveld refinement measurements show that the order of Fe/Mo decreased. The magnetic hysteresis curves and the magnetization-temperature curves of these compounds were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Magnetic hysteresis curves and field-cooled magnetization curves indicate that all the compounds have good ferromagnetic properties. H/M-M2 curves analyses indicate a second-order magnetic transition. With Nd doping, Curie temperature and magnetic moment of the cell decreases. M-T curves under different external magnetic field indicate that the blocking temperature shift to lower values with increasing applied magnetic field.
  • WANG Kai, SUN Lingling, QIU Guangming, CHEN Weiwei, CAI Jinli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2133-2138.
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    The fly ash zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal method using fly ash as raw material. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by means of SEM, XRD and nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET). The synthesized fly ash zeolite had perfect crystallinity and was porous. The effects of different pH, fly ash zeolite dosage, initial concentrations, temperature and adsorption time on the adsorption performance of orange G were investigated. The results showed that the synthesized fly ash zeolite had a strong potential for orange G removal. The highest adsorption capacity could be obtained when pH was around 4. The adsorption on the fly ash zeolite reached equilibrium within 60 min and the process followed pseudo-second-order kinetic. Under 25 ℃, the highest adsorption capacity was approximately 45.6 mg/g. Langmuir isothermal adsorption mathematical model could well fit the adsorption of orange G on fly ash-based zeolite, indicating that the adsorption process was monolayer adsorption.
  • TANG Na, WANG Yang, XIANG Jun, DONG Sicheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2139-2144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.21
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    The copper mesh was immersed in a mixed solution of copper chloride and sodium thiosulfate to construct micro-particle rough surface and the micro-particle rough surface was hydrophobically modified with 1-dodecanethiol (HS(CH2)11CH3) to prepare a superhydrophobic copper mesh. The effects of immersion temperature, immersion time, ratio of immersion liquid, concentration of modification, and modification time on the hydrophobicity of copper mesh were discussed. When immersion temperature is 50 ℃, immersion time was 4 h, immersion solution ratio was 1∶1, modification concentration was 10 mmol/L and modification time was 10 min, the best hydrophobic copper mesh was obtained. The surface morphology, surface chemical composition and wetting behavior were characterized by SEM, XRD and contact angle measurement. The application of the copper mesh in the separation of oil and water was also discussed by using four kinds of oil-water mixtures. The results show that the prepared copper mesh exhibited superhydrophobicity with water contact angle of about 154°, and had been successfully applied to the separation of different oil-water mixtures with the separation efficiency above 96%.
  • GUO Cean, KONG Fanliang, FAN Yongjun, REN Qingsong, CHEN Li, LIU Gao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2145-2149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.022
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    A layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC) film with a thickness of about 2 μm was deposited on special machine parts surface by means of filtering cathodic vacuum arc technology to improve its wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The microstructure, nano-mechanical properties, friction and wear performance and corrosion resistance of CrNi3MoVA and CrNi3MoVA coated with DLC film (hereinafter referred to as DLC film) were tested by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), nanoindenter, friction and wear tester and electrchemical workstation. The results showed that the hardness of the DLC film increase about 65% than that of the bare steel and the elasticity modulus reduced about 32%; the steady friction of the bare steel was 0.65-0.75 whilst that of the DLC film only 0.10-0.11; the wear mechanism of the bare steel was mainly abrasion wear and plastic flowing while that of the DLC film delamination wear; in contrast to bare steel, the corrosion current density of the DLC film reduced by two orders of magnitude, the corrosion potential shifted more than 0.3 V to the positive direction and the electrochemical impedance increased by three orders of magnitude. The DLC film can greatly improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the bare steel.
  • HOU Zhaoxia, SHI Peng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2150-2155. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.023
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    Polyaniline (PANI) and graphene oxide/polyaniline (GO/PANI) composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization in presence of different additive amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) that acted as surfactant, and examined by SEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques to yield information of the phase composition, microstructure and morphology. The electrochemical performance of the as-made materials was evaluated in coin cells by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effects of PVA surfactant on the microstructure, morphology, electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of PANI and GO/PANI were investigated. The results have shown that when the mole ratio of PVA to AN was 0.000075, the introduced PVA significantly reduced the agglomeration of PANI and GO/PANI composites. The electrical conductivity of PVA75/PANI composites was doubled in comparison with pure PANI, while the electrical conductivity of GO/PVA75/PANI composites increased by 5 times than that of GO/PANI in the absence of PVA. The PVA75/PANI and GO/PVA75/PANI composites made at the mole ratio of PVA to AN of 0.000075 could deliver a specific capacitance of 986 and 1 223 F/g, respectively.
  • WAN Xiaona, ZHANG Long, LIU Fuqiang, LI Hui, DU Xueyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2156-2160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.024
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    The graphene oxide/polyaniline/gold (GO/PANI/Au) ternary composites were prepared successfully by one step method. The graphene oxide prepared by the modified Hummers method was used as the substrate, and the aniline monomer was polymerized in situ by using chloroauric acid as the oxidant and the gold source. The morphology and composition analysis showed that chloroauric acid successfully oxidized aniline to polyaniline and was reduced to gold nanoparticles. The electrochemical performance test showed that the specific capacitance of the ternary composites increased first and then decreased with the increase of the amount of oxidant. When the oxidant was added in an amount of 0.03 mmol, the prepared ternary composite had the largest specific capacitance. The specific capacity is 327 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in 1 mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte. When the current density reached at 15 A/g, the capacity retention rate was still as high as 81% compared with initial current density.
  • SUN Yanqiu, GONG Huanhuan, ZHAO Mengli, LI Dejun, KANG Yuanbin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2161-2166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.025
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    Three-dimensional graphene were produced via the ethylenediamine hydrothermal reduction method by using the two-dimensional graphene. And in this experiment, the hole’s diameter of three-dimensional graphene was adjusted by the hydrothermal reaction time. In order to characterize the surface topography, the chemical characteristics and components of three-dimensional graphene, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used. The protein absorption rate and the platelet conglutination rate of three-dimensional graphene were also contrasted by protein electrophoresis test, platelet conglutination test and hemolysis test. The hole’s diameter of three-dimensional graphene decreased from 340 to 230 μm with the increasing of hydrothermal reaction time. The introduction of nitrogen into the three-dimensional graphene formed new chemical bonds. When the hydrothermal time was extended from 6 to 24 h, the bovine serum albumin absorption rate of three-dimensional graphene was improved from 2.6% to 16.8% and the hemolysis ratio was decreased from 2.2% to 0.3%. In addition, the capability of resist platelet conglutination of three-dimensional graphene was increased. With the increasing of hydrothermal reaction time, the hole’s diameter of three-dimensional graphene was reduced and the specific surface area was increased. The ability of BSA absorption and the capability of resist platelet conglutination were also improved. Furthermore, the hemolysis ratios were decreased. Therefore, the increasing of hydrothermal reaction time was conducive to enhance the hemocompatibility of three-dimensional graphene.
  • HE Yan, JING Chengwei, HOU Chaobing, LUO Liang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2167-2172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.026
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    The proposal of the dispersion of carbon nanotubes based on the arc method opens up a new path for dispersion of carbon nanotubes. Based on the theory of arc dispersion of carbon nanotubes proposed by our research group, the effects of different metal electrodes on the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in arc-dispersed carbon nanotubes technology and the effects of arc discharge on the corrosion of different metal electrodes were studied. The experimental study was conducted to characterize the microscopic morphology of carbon nanotubes dispersed by different metal electrodes and the effect of arc on the surface of different metal electrodes. The metal electrode suitable for dispersing carbon nanotubes by arc method was selected through comparative analysis. This study lays the foundation for the in-depth study of arc-dispersed carbon nanotubes technology and provides a basis for the study of the discharge corrosion of metal surfaces.
  • Process& Technology
  • ZHANG Zhanyan, WANG Baoming, LU Leiming, HUA Quanxian, LIU Yong, LIU Li, TANG Jianwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2173-2178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.027
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    Porous matrix material was prepared by disc granulation method with phosphogypsum as the main material, ammonium hydrogencarbonate as the pore former, sodium dodecyl sulfate as the penetrating agent and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the binder. The effect of the amount of pore forming agent, penetrant and binder on the porosity of the matrix material was investigated. The microstructures of porous materials were tested by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results of response surface experiments show that when the ratio of pore former/penetrant/binder was 6:2.47:0.77, the obtained matrix material had a porosity of 38.97% and a strength of 11.95 N.
  • SI Wanfang, YANG Fuxin, WANG Jinxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2179-2183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.028
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    Modified CA-CP antibacterial film was prepared by blending, extrusion-blow molding process with low density polyethylene (LDPE) as substrate, calcium propionate (CP) and modified antibacterial resin (CA) as additives. The effects of CP concentration of 0%, 0.8%, 1.8%, 2.8% and 3.8% on the antibacterial properties, mechanical and optical properties, breathability, moisture permeability, micro morphology and infrared spectra of the modified antibacterial film were investigated. The results showed that the addition of CP increased the haze, barrier and bacteriostasis of the modified CA-CP antibacterial film, and decreased the transmittance of the film. When the content of CP was ≥ 2.8% and the content of modified LDPE antibacterial resin was 0.2%, the barrier property and antibacterial property of the film were better. It can be used as an active packaging material and applied to the antibacterial preservation of food, prolonging food shelf life.
  • ZHAI Jiexiu, YANG Daling, HAN Junnan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2184-2188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.029
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    By using industrial water glass as silicon source, LiOH, NaOH, KOH and NH3·H2O as the catalysts, the light and hydrophobic SiO2 aerogels were prepared successfully by the sol-gel method via ambient pressure drying process. The chemical structure, thermal stability, microscopic morphology, specific surface area and pore structure of SiO2 aerogels were characterized by FT-IR, TG-DTA, SEM and BET. The results showed that the alkaline catalyst could shorten the gel time sharply from 5 840 to 30 min. The thermal stability was significantly improved and the decomposition temperature increased from 375 ℃ to above 400 ℃. Alkali metal ions could produce "alkali excitation" in a weakly acidic environment, which increased the contact area between SiO2 nanoparticles and maintained a three-dimensional network structure. This excitation made SiO2 aerogels produce double pore structure at 1.7 and 32 nm, and the pore volume was maintained at 2.5 to 3.5 cm3/g.
  • WANG Jinxin, YANG Fuxin, SI Wanfang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2189-2193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.030
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    Using linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as the substrate, the modified polyethylene particles were prepared by blending with calcium propionate and other materials through a twin-screw extruder. Then the modified polyethylene particles were mixed with polyethylene resin to extrusion casting, and the antibacterial film was prepared. The optical properties, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, air permeability, microstructures and antibacterial properties of the films were tested and analyzed. The results show that the proportion of additives in the film would affect the performance of the film. When the mass fraction of calcium propionate was 2%, the mass fraction of modified SD resin was 2% and the film performance was the best.
  • DING Qiang, ZHANG Li, XU Hong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2194-2200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.031
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    A cluster alumina coating with controllable morphology and good thermal stability was prepared on FeCrAl wire mesh by hydrothermal synthesis. The solvent composition, precipitant concentration and pH of the solution were investigated as main influence factors of the coating morphology to optimize the preparation process. The thermal stability and adhesion of the coating were tested by the thermal shock and ultrasonic vibration subsequently. The results show that solvent composition had crucial impact on the coating morphology. A good cluster alumina could be obtained with V(H2O)∶V(solvent)=0.2, otherwise serious agglomeration occurred. The alumina coating with a cluster-like structure and a continuous and uniform distribution was formed on the substrate with C(urea)=2 mol/L. Due to the non-weakly acidic condition in the second stage hydrothermal process, short and non-uniform growth of alumina appeared. Meanwhile, the alumina coating had a good performance in thermal stability. The specific surface area could be maintained at 75 m2/g at 1 000 ℃, although the coating was about to sinter. The mass loss of the coating after special treatment was less than 10% due to thermal shock and ultrasonic vibration below 800 ℃.
  • PENG Jihua, HUANG Qiang, GUO Guibao, LIU Jinyan, AN Shengli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2201-2207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.032
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    In order to solve the problem of high methanol permeability of commercial series of Nafion perfluorosulfonate proton exchange membrane, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified by the liquid phase of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVDF-g-PSSA) proton exchange membranes were synthesized via single-step grafting styrene sulfonic acid (SSA) onto liquid-phase modified PVDF by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH), which utilized benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator. The effects of the TMAH mass fraction in methanol on proton conductivities and methanol permeabilities were investigated. Meanwhile, the microstructures, morphologies, and sulfur distribution in the membrane were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results indicated that PVDF was dehydrofluorinated by TMAH and carbon-carbon double bonds were obtained. SSA was successfully grafted onto modified PVDF backbones and the sulfur distribution in the interior and exterior of the membrane was homogeneous. The proton conductivities and methanol permeabilities of PVDF-g-PSSA membranes increased with the increasing of TMAH mass fraction in methanol solution. When the TMAH mass fraction in methanol solution was 20%, the proton conductivity of the PVDF-g-PSSA membrane was 0.0890 S/cm at 20 ℃ and the methanol permeability was 4.02×10-7 cm2/s at ambient temperature, respectively. The membranes exhibited good thermal stability up to approximately 190 ℃. The peak power density of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with above membrane was 17.085 mW/cm2. PVDF-g-PSSA membranes’ technological process is simple and low cost, which is expected to be applied in practice.
  • GUO Dawei, LIAO Yishun, Jiang Guoxi, LIU Gaopeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2208-2213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.033
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    The evolution of electrical resistivity, chemical shrinkage, physical and mechanical properties and chloride permeability of the Portland cement pastes with air entraining agent were studied. The results show that the air entraining agent is added to increase the fluidity of the cement pastes and prolong the setting time, the early hydration rate and chemical shrinkage increases. With the increase of dosage of air entraining agent, the electrical resistivity of the cement pastes increases before setting and decreases after hardened. At 28 d, the dosages of air entraining agent have a little effect on the compressive strength of the hardened pastes within 0.04%, and its loss rate is less than 5%, the chloride diffusion coefficient decreases as its dosage increases. With the change of the dosage of air entraining agent, the electrical resistivity of cement pastes has a good quantitative relationship with chemical shrinkage, compressive strength and chloride diffusion coefficient. The variation of the chemical shrinkage, strength and chloride permeability can be predicted by the electrical resistivity development curve of the cement pastes.
  • HAO Xihai, SHI Baoyun, CHENG Ziyang, ZHANG Yanhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(2): 2214-2220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.02.034
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    New PE anti-skid packaging materials AE-S-PE, BE-S-PE and EE-S-PE, which were respectively used self-made formula A, B type and purchased E type hot melt adhesives as anti-slip coatings, were prepared by thermal spraying and heat treatment method. The friction coefficient, mechanical properties and bond strength of three kinds of antiskid packaging materials were characterized and compared at room temperature (25 ℃), high temperature (70 ℃) and low temperature (-20 ℃), and the materials with optimal performance were obtained into practical application. The results show that the friction coefficient, mechanical properties and bond strength of BE-S-PE were superior to those of AE-S-PE and EE-S-PE under the same quantitative and temperature. At 25, 70 and -20 ℃, the friction coefficient of spraying was 1.356, 2.097 and 0.866, respectively, and the bond strength grade was 5 B when the spraying quantity was 70 g/m2. Therefore, BE-S-PE has better resistance perfomance to high and low temperature, and is most suitable for application in transportation packaging as a kind of anti-skid material.