30 October 2023, Volume 54 Issue 10
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
  • Surface modified and application of recycled carbon fibre
    GUO Yutong, XIONG Juan, LI Hua, DAI Yongzhen, LIU Hezhou, CHEN Yujie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10001-10006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.001
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    The application of recycled carbon fibres and their composite materials have great economic value. The surface wettability of carbon fibres can be effectively improved after modifying of waterborne polyurethane sizing agent. Moreover, the interface integration situation between carbon fibres and thermoplastic resins can be further enhanced. The experimental results show that the surface modified recycled carbon fibre/ABS resin matrix composite exhibits good tensile strength and elastic modulus. This article aims to enrich the relevant research on recycled carbon fibre/thermoplastic resin composites, and provide references basis for the subsequent surface reconstruction of recycled carbon fibres and the preparation of thermoplastic composites. It is expected to promote the application of recycled carbon fibres in the industrial field.
  • Nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide microflower loaded Pt nanoparticles for catalytic electrolysis of water for hydrogen production
    SUN Yongli, ZHANG Jiazhu, YANG Xiaodong, YANG Na, JIANG Bin, XIAO Xiaoming, TANTAI Xiaowei, ZHANG Lyuhong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10007-10013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.002
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    Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is a promising green technology, and the use of low-cost carbon materials loaded with noble metals as catalyst substrates is an effective means to reduce the noble metal loading and optimize the performance of hydrogen precipitation catalysts. Herein, Pt/N-Mo2C NFs were prepared by using ligand polymerization method to obtain precursor microspheres with high specific surface area formed by the self-assembly of nanosheets through pH regulation, and then Pt nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the surface of nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide by ion exchange and high temperature roasting. Due to the high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on N-Mo2C with multilayered structure and the synergistic effect between Pt and N-Mo2C substrates, it exhibits very good hydrogen evolution reaction performance. The Pt/N-Mo2C NFs possess low overpotentials (44 mV/η10 and 137 mV/η100), and Tafel slope of 46.2 mV/dec, as well as good stability. The results of this paper have implications for the design of low loading noble metal catalysts.
  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of bimetallic nickel-cobalt hydroxide
    YANG Changying, SONG Fangxiang, CHEN Qianlin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10014-10020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.003
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    Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are ideal electrode materials for pseudo-capacitors because of their abundant metal active centers, high specific capacitance and high energy density. NiCo-LDH nanosheets were prepared by a simple solvothermal method using ZIF-67 precursor as cobalt source. In solvothermal process, the nanosheet constructed by cation exchange of Ni2+ and Co2+ can not only promote electron migration, but also expose more active sites, which is conducive to the rapid transfer of electrolyte ions and Faraday reaction rate. In addition, the electrochemical properties were improved by adjusting the amount of nickel source. The optimized NiCo-LDH-(1∶2) has fast ion transfer capability and excellent magnification performance, and achieves high specific capacitance of 1 356.8 F/g at current density of 1 A/g and retention of specific capacitance of 68.7% at 30 A/g. The assembled asymmetric energy storage device exhibits a high energy density of 34.31 Wh/kg at a power density of 750 W/kg.
  • Study on the photoelectric performance enhancement mechanism of Ti-Al co-doped Si films
    CHEN Yujie, YANG Hongwang, LIN Yubei, KUANG Xiangjun, WEN Cai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10021-10029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.004
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    Ti-hyperdoped Si (Si:Ti) films are formed by doping of Si with a high concentration of Ti impurities, which is three orders of magnitude above the solid solubility limit, via a non-equilibrium effect of pulsed laser. The films get rid of the Si bandgap limit and have an excellent sub-bandgap NIR (λ=1 100-2 500 nm) light absorption performance. In this paper, Ti-Al co-doped Si (Si:(Ti-Al)) films were prepared by vacuum electron-beam evaporation in combination with UV nanosecond laser melting to further improve the sub-bandgap NIR light absorption performance and to better meet the requirement of NIR devices. The results showed that the sheet resistance of Si:(Ti-Al) films was reduced from the order of 104 Ω/square for intrinsic monocrystalline Si substrates to the order of 102 Ω/square, which is consistent with that of Si:Ti films. However, the absorbance of Si:(Ti-Al) films in the sub-bandgap NIR spectra was improved by seven times on average and by an order of magnitude at maximum (at λ=1 800 nm) compared to that of the intrinsic monocrystalline Si substrate, and by 33% on average and by 57.2% at maximum (at λ=1 200 nm) compared to that of the Si:Ti films. Surface morphology analysis showed that the twice laser processing for Si:(Ti-Al) films reduced the surface reflection of light. The film composition analysis showed that the presence of TiSi2 and AlTi in the Si:(Ti-Al) films. The presence of TiSi2 indicated that the Ti impurities were activated to bond with Si atoms. The presence of AlTi in combination with the energy-band structure analysis suggested that the Fermi energy level position was controlled by changing in concentration of Al compensated impurities in the Si:(Ti-Al) films, thus enhancing the sub-band gap NIR light absorption performance.
  • Protective properties of silicone acrylic resin/CeO2 coatings prepared by one-step electro-synthesis
    LIU Chunyang, YANG Yumeng, CAI Siting, JIANG Xinyi, YING Junyi, ZHU Benfeng, WEI Guoying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10030-10038. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.005
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    In order to improve the protective properties of low carbon steel, the silicone acrylic acrylate/CeO2 coatings were prepared on Q235 steel by one-step electrosynthesis. The effects of deposition potential, temperature, time and the kinds of silicone monomer were studied. Many test technologies, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical polarization, contact angle measuring instrument, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the corrosion resistance, hydrophobicity, surface topography and elemental composition of the coatings. The results show that the silicone acrylic resin/CeO2 composite coatings can be successfully prepared by the electrochemical synthesis method and the optimum applied potential, deposition temperature and time are-20 V, 50 ℃ and 3 h, respectively. The coating prepared under this condition are uniform, compact and has the best hydrophobicity, whose water contact angle reaches 110.5°, which increases 78.0° compared with the blank substrate. The Tafel polarization curves and the detailed polarization parameters indicates that the corrosion current density of the composite coating decreases by about two orders of magnitude compared with blank substrate and the corrosion potential positively shifts from -1.029 V to -0.989 V after the coating deposition, proving that the silicone acrylic resin/CeO2 composite coating can significantly reduce the corrosion rate of Q235 steel and improve its corrosion resistance. To verify the influence of the different kinds of silicone monomer on the deposition of composite coatings, ethenyltrimethoxy silane (A171) and ethoxyvinyl silane (C6H14OSi) as silicone monomers were investigated, respectively. The water contact angle of the coating deposited in the solution containing A171 is 30.3° larger than that of the coating deposited in the solution containing C6H14OSi. The corrosion current density of the composite coatings increases by about two orders of magnitude after the silicone monomer changing from A171 to C6H14OSi, which may be caused by the longer molecular chain and the larger spatial steric effect of C6H14OSi, making it more difficult to polymerize and deposit. So A171 is more suitable as silicone monomer in our research system.
    • Review & Advance
  • Application of ZnO-based materials in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
    FENG Xiaoqian, ZHAO Yilin, Zhang Qijian, ZHAO Yonghua, WANG Huan, MENG Qingrun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10039-10045. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.006
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    Organic pollutants are an important source of water pollution, and their harmless treatment is necessary before discharge. Photocatalytic degradation has attracted extensive attention in recent years due to its mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and wide application range. ZnO is a cheap, stable and non-toxic semiconductor material, which is an ideal photocatalyst. However, its application is limited by the large band gap and easy recombination of photogenerated carriers. Reasonable modification can effectively improve ZnO's light absorption range, promote the separation of photogenerated carriers, and further facilitate the formation of more key intermediate oxidant species and improve its photocatalytic efficiency. In this paper, the design of ZnO-based photocatalyst and its application in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in recent years are reviewed from the perspective of modification methods, including element doping, heterojunction formation and morphology design.
  • Advances in graphene-loaded metals and compounds
    XIA Ting, HU Feng, DUN Yanan, LI Yongzhi, ZHAO Xin, ZHU Jiaqilin, LI Ruihan, ZHANG Yanghuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10046-10057. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.007
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    Graphene is a single-layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure with carbon as the basic atom through sp2 hybridization, π-π conjugation and tight stacking, which has excellent physical and chemical properties and has become a hot research topic with excellent performance in several fields. Because of the large specific surface area of graphene, it can be used as a matrix, and the resulting graphene-based composites are an important research direction in the field of graphene applications, which can be divided into loaded and reinforced types. This paper mainly reviews the preparation methods and application status of graphene-loaded metal (monometallic, bimetallic and trimetallic)/compound (metal oxide, metal sulfide and metal fluoride) composites in recent years. Furthermore, by summarizing the above composites, it is concluded that issues such as particle size and shape of the metal/compound, degree of dispersion, and stacking of graphene sheet layers affect the performance. It also provides an outlook on the application prospects of graphene-loaded metal/compound composites in the fields of magnetism, mechanics, microwave absorption, and thermal conductivity.
  • Progress of modified manganese dioxide catalyst catalyzed oxidation of formaldehyde
    SONG Jie, DING Honglei, PAN Weiguo, QIU Kaina, ZHANG Kai, MA Junchi, ZHANG Ziyi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10058-10068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.008
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    Due to the large number of decorative materials, formaldehyde (HCHO) has become the main indoor pollutant, which has great harm to the environment and human body, so the catalytic oxidation of HCHO has attracted great attention in recent years. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) has been widely studied because of its multiple valence states, strong catalytic performance, thermal stability, and ability to effectively degrade HCHO into harmless CO2 and H2O. In this paper, the basic composition of MnO2 and the research progress on key structures and parameters for degradation of HCHO, such as crystal morphology, exposed crystal face, surface defects, and composite with other materials, are reviewed. In addition, the reaction mechanism of MnO2 oxidation HCHO was systematically elaborated. Finally, the future challenges and research directions of MnO2 materials are prospected, and it is hoped that it will provide help for the rational design and preparation of efficient MnO2 materials in comprehensive environmental applications.
  • Research progress of high-performance graphene electromagnetic shielding materials
    DING Xue, WANG Jiancai, YE Zhiguo, YI Yongli, DING Yi, CHEN Haihong, CHEN Xianhui, ZHU Xiangou, JIN Jiamin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10069-10076. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.009
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    In recent years, the problem of electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility has become increasingly serious, seriously endangering the safe operation of instruments, meters and other electronic equipment in the military and civilian fields. It is urgent to develop new high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Graphene is a new type of two-dimensional carbon nanostructured material with excellent physical and chemical properties, which provides a new solution for the design of flexible, thin and good service performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Starting from the basic principle of electromagnetic shielding, this review introduces the mechanism of electromagnetic shielding and loss and the way of energy conversion. Furthermore, graphene electromagnetic shielding materials were systematically classified and summarized. The shielding efficiency and research progress of graphene electromagnetic shielding materials in recent years were reviewed, and the challenges and development prospects of graphene electromagnetic shielding materials were prospected.
  • Research progress of cement-based materials modified by nano-photocatalysts
    WANG Tianlei, FENG Yuqing, XIANG Xingyu, YAN Yuxin, ZHANG Lei, RONG Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10077-10088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.010
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    Nano-photocatalysts have high efficiency, low energy consumption, no/low pollution, and are widely used in buildings dominated by cement-based materials, showing a good application prospect. The introduction of photocatalysts into cement-based materials can effectively improve their structural compactness, optimize their mechanical properties, endow them with the functions of pollutant degradation and surface self-cleaning, thus reducing the corrosion rate of cement-based materials and alleviating environmental pollution. This paper summarizes the different preparation methods of photocatalytic cement-based materials, introduces the influence of photocatalyst types on the photocatalytic properties of cement-based materials in detail, discusses the shortcomings of the current photocatalytic cement-based materials modified by nano-photocatalysts, and looks forward to them future development direction.
    • Research & Development
  • Effect of surface loading Fe3O4 on the dielectric properties of BT@PANI/PVDF composites
    WANG Haiyan, WANG Chuhan, LI Lan, SHANG Tianrong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10089-10097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.011
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    In this paper, barium titanate@polyaniline-ferroferricoxide (BT@PANI-Fe3O4) core-shell particles were prepared by oxidation precipitation method, and the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) dielectric composites were prepared with this filler. The effect of the mass ratio of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) to BT@PANI core-shell particles on the dielectric properties of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the dielectric constant of the composites increased with increasing mass ratio of FAS to BT@PANI in the frequency range. The dielectric constant of BT@PANI-Fe3O4/PVDF composites reached 14 (100 Hz) when the mass ratio of FAS to BT@PANI core-shell particles was 1∶1, compared with BT@PANI/PVDF composites (12, 100 Hz), and the dielectric constant was improved and the dielectric loss remained around 0.1. At high frequency, the BT@PANI-Fe3O4/PVDF dielectric loss (0.03, 104 Hz) was lower than that of BT@PANI/PVDF (0.09, 104 Hz) composites, which satisfied practical applications. The multi-shell layer strategy reported in this paper can be extended to various inorganic hybrids to develop innovative dielectric nanocomposites.
  • Enhancement on the mechanical properties and nature of first-order magnetic phase transition of Sn-doped Mn-Fe-P-Si giant magnetocaloric compounds
    ZHAO Xinran, BU Qingyi, XING Souyuan, TANA B., JIANG Yongjing, YIBOLE H., WURENTUYA B., LI Ruifang, TEGUS O., OU Zhiqiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10098-10103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.012
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    The Mn1.25Fe0.65P0.50Si0.50Snx (x=0, 0.04, 0.10, 0.20) compounds were prepared by mechanical alloying and solid-state sintering. The impact of Sn doping on the structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric, and mechanical properties of the compounds were investigated by using X-ray diffractometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, tabletop electron microscope, and universal testing machine. The results show that all samples crystalize in hexagonal phase structure with space group P-62m. A pronounced first-order magnetic transition properties and an enhanced magnetic entropy change is achieved with increasing of Sn content. The maximum magnetic entropy changes (-ΔSM) are 6.9, 8.0, 11.5, and 17.1 J/(kg·K) for x=0, 0.04, 0.10, and 0.20 under magnetic field change of 0-2 T, respectively. The mechanical properties of the compound were greatly enhanced due to the Sn filling effect, and maximum compressive strength increases nearly 50%.
  • First-principles study on electronic structure and elastic properties of hydrogen storage alloy LaNi4Ge under different pressures
    SUN Lili, WANG Xinrui, LI Yongcun, SUN Zhenxu, ZHANG Xuyun, WANG Yong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10104-10110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.013
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    The first-principle plane wave pseudopotential method in GGA-PBE generalized gradient approximation is applied to study the lattice parameters, electronic properties and mechanical properties of hydrogen storage alloy LaNi4Ge under different pressures. The results show that the lattice parameters of LaNi4Ge compound decrease with the increase of pressure, and its a-axis is more easily compressed than c-axis. There are no significant trend changes in the total density of states, the Fermi energy level decreases with the increase of pressure, and its hardness increases with the increase of pressure. The elastic properties show that the material is ductile in the pressure range, and the elastic constant Cij and elastic modulus E increase further with the increase of pressure, and maintain the mechanical stability in a certain pressure range.
  • Study on adsorption of toxic gas molecules on HfS2 monolayer modified by sulfur vacancy
    CHEN Gouxiang, LONG Yuanyuan, DU Ruiyun, LIU Yinggang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10111-10116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.014
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    The first principles calculation method based on density functional theory is used to study the most stable configuration, adsorption energy, electronic structure and gas-sensitive properties of the adsorption of toxic and harmful gases CH4, CO, H2S and SO2 by the intrinsic HfS2 monolayer and the HfS2 monolayer modified by S vacancy (SV-HfS2). The results show that the properties of HfS2 changed from indirect band-gap semiconductor to metal by S-vacancy modification, and SV-HfS2 monolayer is more sensitive to gas. In order to further explore the possibility of SV-HfS2 as a high-performance gas-sensitive material, the adsorption system most stable configuration, band structure, state density, differential charge density and electron local function of SV-HfS2 monolayer adsorbed CH4, CO, H2S and SO2 gas were analyzed. The research shows that the S vacancy modified HfS2 monolayer is a stable and effective modification method, which helps to improve the adsorption capacity of the substrate for CH4, CO, H2S and SO2 gas molecules. Not only that, the adsorption energy (3.245 eV) and charge transfer (1.149 e) of SO2 adsorbed by SV-HfS2 are the most significant, and SV-HfS2 substrate is the most sensitive to SO2 and has the potential to be used as an efficient detection material for SO2 gas. The results of this study will contribute to the application of HfS2 gas sensor in the detection and treatment of toxic and harmful gases.
  • Construction of CoS2/TCN Schottky junction and its photocatalytic reduction of CO2
    HE Linglong, ZENG Xianghui, LIU Yongzheng, ZHAO Lei, FANG Wei, HE Xuan, DU Xing, LI Weixin, WANG Daheng, CHEN Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10117-10124. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.015
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    g-C3N4 microtubes (TCN) were prepared by hydrothermal combined with thermal polymerization using melamine as the main raw material. And then CoS2/TCN Schottky junctions were constructed by loading cobalt sulfide on the tubular surface of prepared TCN. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FLS and photoelectrochemical workstation, and their photocatalytic activity was investigated by photocatalytic activity evaluation system in absence of sacrificial agent. The results show that CoS2 is uniformly distributed on the tubular surface of TCN, and the loading of CoS2 enhances the utilization of visible light by TCN. As the Fermi level potential of CoS2 is lower than that of TCN, the electrons near the heterojunction interface transfer from TCN to CoS2 in the ground state, resulting in equilibrium of the Fermi level at the interface. Taking advantage of the spatial potential difference at the heterojunction interface, the photogenerated electrons from TCN can be quickly extracted by CoS2 through Schottky junction, so as to promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. Under the illumination of 350-780 nm, the CO yield of the optimal performance sample reached 16.04 μmol/(g·h), similar to that of Pt/TCN (16.70 μmol/(g·h)), and 5.14 times of TCN.
  • Effect of calcium hydroxide content on the properties of magnesium silicate-based cementitious materials
    LI Yue, ZHENG Xingyuan, LIN Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10125-10130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.016
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    In this paper, Ca(OH)2 was used to replace the raw material MgO in magnesium silicate base cementing material with different mass ratios, and its fluidity, setting time and compressive strength were tested. The influence mechanism was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and mercury injection test (MIP). The results show that Ca(OH)2 can significantly increase the fluidity and compressive strength of magnesium silicate based cementitious materials, and shorten the setting time. The results of XRD, SEM-EDS, TG and MIP showed the reason for the improvement of compressive strength. Ca(OH)2 reacted with silica fume to form C-S-H gel, and promoted the hydration of MgO, improved the hydration degree of magnesium silicate based cementative material, and significantly reduced its porosity.
  • Electrochemical performance of Mg-doped SiOx anode materials
    YANG Sen, GUO Zhiang, LI Fadan, ZHAO Yiwen, TANG Bo, WANG Zhenhui, XING An, LIU Xiaoyan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10131-10135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.017
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    In this paper, Mg-doped SiOx anode materials for Li-ion batteries were synthesized using a high temperature solid-state method, and the influence of different Mg doping amounts on the electrochemical performance of SiOx anode materials was investigated. The results show that the SiOx anode material doped with 15wt% Mg has better first coulomb efficiency and cycle performance. The first coulomb efficiency of Mg15-SiOx is 84.16%. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention rate was 56.03%. Appropriate amount of Mg doping can consume SiO2 phase and form electrochemical inactive phase of MgSiO3, which inhibits the formation of irreversible phases of lithium silicate and lithium oxide, thus improving the electrochemical performance of SiOx.
  • Effect of surface coating of oxygen ion conductor on properties of Li2MnO3 cathode materials
    ZHANG Long, LI Donglin, LIU Xiaojiu, LU Jicheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10136-10142. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.018
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    For the problem of discharge plateau voltage decay and capacity decay of Li2MnO3 in lithium-rich manganese-based during cycling, the wet chemical method was used to modify it with oxygen ion conductor Zr0.92Sr0.08O2. The results showed that the capacity retention of Li2MnO3 cathode material coated with 1%Zr0.92Sr0.08O2 is 82.7% at 250 mA/g current density for 100 cycles, and greatly suppresses the decay of the discharge plateau voltage, while the capacity retention of the uncoated Li2MnO3 cathode material is 44.3% and its discharge plateau has disappeared. These results indicate that the oxygen ion conductor Zr0.92Sr0.08O2 can effectively suppress the discharge plateau voltage decay and capacity decay of Li2MnO3 cathode material during the charge and discharge process.
  • Enhancement of high temperature discharge performance of nickel chloride via cuprous ion doping
    PAN Zhipeng, YAO Bin, WANG Yi, LIU Lingling, GUI Yufan, ZHOU Lingping, FU Licai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10143-10148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.019
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    Nickel chloride (NiCl2), as a cathode material of high potential thermal battery, its poor conductivity limits its application in thermal battery. In this study, cuprous ion doped nickel chloride (NiCl2-Cux) was prepared via liquid-phase mixing and low-temperature calcination process. NiCl2-Cu5 possesses the best electrochemical performance. Compared with NiCl2, NiCl2-Cu5 exhibits the advantages of high voltage and high specific energy. Especially at the current density of 500 cm2, NiCl2-Cu5 shows a high specific energy of 724 kg, which is about 82% higher than that of NiCl2. Pulse test shows that NiCl2-Cu5 cathode material has lower internal resistance and can alleviate ohmic polarization during discharge, thus realizing high specific energy output. This work provides a new approach for the development of high-performance cathode materials for thermal battery.
  • Study of solar barrier and infrared stealth properties of flexible AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO films
    CHENG Lulu, SUN Kewei, YIN Hongfeng, YUAN Hudie, YANG Chunli, WEI Ying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10149-10154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.020
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    AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO films were prepared on PET substrates by magnetron sputtering. The effects of CTO (CeO2-TiO2) layer thickness on the microstructure, optical properties, infrared emissivity and conductivity of AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO films were systematically studied. With the increase of CTO layer thickness, the band gap becomes narrower, the UV blocking rate and near-infrared blocking rate is improved, and the visible light transmittance is reduced. At the same time, the CTO layer is beneficial to reduce the surface resistance and infrared emissivity of the multilayer film. When the thickness of CTO layer is 34.2 nm, the UV blocking rate is 92.0%, the infrared blocking rate is 46.5%, the visible light transmittance is 62.5%, and the infrared emissivity in 8-14 μm is 0.163. Therefore, the AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO film has spectral selectivity and low infrared emissivity, which is a potential solar barrier and infrared stealth material.
  • Preparation and performance study of carbon ash/silylated SiO2
    HAN Hongxing, ZHAO Lei, SHI Jicun, HAN Chun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10155-10158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.021
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    Based on the disadvantages of multi pores, easy water absorption and poor freeze-thaw environment on the surface of concrete structure, the surface treatment of carbon ash/silylated SiO2 was carried out, and the surface properties of coated concrete after two single treatments were compared. It shows the changes of physical properties and wear resistance of carbon ash coating and silylated SiO2 coating of controllable layer, as well as the microstructure of the optimal coating under two single treatments. The results show that methyl groups are introduced into the substrate by silylated SiO2 solution treatment, the Si-CH3 group is increased, the force between particles is enhanced, the wear resistance is improved, and the maximum contact angle is 156°. The treatment of carbon ash solution promotes the cross-linking of hydroxyl groups on the surface of concrete, and the maximum contact angle reaches 142°. Although the wear resistance has been greatly improved, it is slightly weaker than that of silylated SiO2 coating. When the carbon ash coating is 4 layers and the silylated SiO2 coating is 3 layers, the whole substrate is completely covered and the hydrophobic effect is the best.
  • Effect of flexible TiO2 nanorods on intrinsic properties of perovskite
    YU Man, WU Panpan, ZHAO Xiaojuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10159-10162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.022
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    After more than ten years of development, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have become candidate devices with great industrialization prospects in the photovoltaic field. However, the perovskite solar cells based hard substrate are heavy and not easy to carry, and the flexible perovskite solar cells can be well used in various portable wearable electronic products, with good development prospects. In this work, flexible TiO2 nanorods were prepared on traditional hard substrates by electrospinning, and the effect of flexible TiO2 nanorods on the intrinsic properties of perovskite was studied. The surface roughness, morphology, structure and spectral performance of flexible TiO2 nanorods on perovskite thin films were studied by using advanced defect evaluation microsystem, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer and fluorescence spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the perovskite thin films based on flexible TiO2 nanorods have good spectral absorption and electron extraction capabilities. This has certain guiding significance for the large-scale promotion and commercial application of flexible perovskite photovoltaic devices.
    • Process & Technology
  • Study on preparation and properties of Al2O3 aerogel building thermal insulation materials
    WANG Jing, LI Xiaopeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10163-10168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.023
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    A series of Al2O3 aerogel building thermal insulation materials were prepared by atmospheric pressure drying method, using propylene oxide (PO) as accelerator and adjusting the molar ratio of PO to Al. The effects of PO molar ratio on the phase structure, micro morphology, mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties of aerogel were studied. The results show that Al2O3 aerogel is mainly composed of Boehmite at room temperature. It gradually changes from γ-Al2O3 phase to α-Al2O3 phase transition under high temperatures and the increase in PO molar ratio hinders the phase transition. Al2O3 aerogel is formed by stacking small flake particles with a particle size of about 85-160 nm. When n (PO) ∶n (Al)=5, the strength of aerogel skeleton is the highest, and the three-dimensional network porous structure is the most compact. With the increase of PO molar ratio, the compressive strength of Al2O3 aerogel first increases and then decreases, the elastic modulus continues to increase, and the thermal conductivity first decreases and then increases. When n(PO) ∶n(Al)=5, the maximum compressive strength of aerogel is 42.54 MPa, the elastic modulus is 1 454.63 MPa, and the minimum thermal conductivity is 0.0954 W/(m·K), which has excellent thermal insulation performance. It can be seen that the optimal molar ratio of PO is n (PO) ∶n (Al)=5.
  • Preparation of superhydrophobic fabrics with microwave absorption based on Zn-MOF-derived carbon and their properties
    CAI Yangfan, XU Lihui, QU Zhiqiang, PAN Hong, WANG Liming, SHEN Yong, XU Tianyang, WANG Yingqiang, LI Jiayao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10169-10174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.024
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    Zinc metal-organic framework porous-derived carbon (Zn-MOF-derived carbon) with a nanoscale orthododecahedral structure was prepared with 2-methylimidazole and zinc nitrate hexahydrate. Superhydrophobic and wave-absorbing composite functional fabrics were prepared by using Zn-MOF-derived carbon with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on cotton fabrics. The morphology and structure of the prepared materials and the composite functional fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that Zn-MOF-derived carbon had porous structure with high specific surface area and excellent wave absorption property, with a minimum reflection loss of -37.4 dB. When the amount of Zn-MOF-derived carbon was 3 wt%, the prepared composite functional fabric can achieve a minimum reflection loss of -32.4 dB at 8.5 GHz with a water droplet contact angle of 151.4°. The synergistic effect of Zn-MOF-derived carbon in a micro and nano roughened structure and PDMS, a low surface energy substance, resulted in a multifunctional synergy of excellent superhydrophobicity and wave absorption of the fabric. The superhydrophobic wave-absorbing composite functional fabric had excellent anti-fouling and self-cleaning properties against common liquid droplets, providing a research basis for the preparation of long-life electromagnetic protection materials.
  • Preparation and electrochemical properties of Fe2O3/C negative electrode materials for lithium ion batteries
    LIU Ke, ZHONG Zhicheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10175-10179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.025
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    Fe2O3/C negative electrode materials were prepared using nano Fe2O3 and acetylene carbon black as raw materials by adding different mass fractions (25%, 35%, 45%, 55%) of acetylene carbon black. The effect of acetylene carbon black ratio on the crystal structure, micromorphology and electrochemical performance of Fe2O3/C anode materials was studied. The results showed that the Fe2O3/C negative electrode material had a high crystallinity, belonged to a hexagonal crystal system structure, and presented microspheres like particles. Adding an appropriate amount of acetylene carbon black improved the uniformity of the distribution of Fe2O3 particles. Fe2O3 nanoparticles were connected by acetylene carbon black, forming a dense and uniform grid structure. The CR2025 button battery was prepared using Fe2O3/C as the negative electrode material. With the increase of the doping amount of acetylene carbon black, the first discharge capacity of Fe2O3/C negative electrode material showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the doping amount of acetylene carbon black was 45 wt%, the first discharge capacity of Fe2O3/C negative electrode material reached a maximum of 483.6 mAh/g. As the number of cycles increased, the specific discharge capacity attenuation of the battery gradually increased, and a wide discharge plateau appears around 0.15 V during the discharge process. When the doping amount of acetylene carbon black was 45 wt%, the specific discharge capacity of Fe2O3/C negative electrode material decreased to 115.6 mAh/g and the retention rate reached 23.91% at 30 charge/discharge cycles. After discharging at current densities of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 C, and then setting the current density to 0.5 C, the discharge capacity of the battery had a small change and excellent rate capability.
  • Preparation and heat transfer and storage properties of low melting point chloride/expanded graphite composites
    LIN Zhiqiang, ZHAO Zhongxing, SONG Jinliang, LIU Zhanjun, TANG Zhongfeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10180-10185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.026
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    The low-melting point chloride salt/expanded graphite (LiNaKZn-Cl/EG) phase change composites were prepared by vacuum impregnation using anisotropically formed expanded graphite (EG) as the skeleton and low-melting point quaternary chloride salt (LiNaKZn-Cl) as the phase change material, and the phase change composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG). The microscopic morphology, crystalline structure and thermal stability of the phase change composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG), the melting point, melting enthalpy and specific heat capacity of the phase change composites were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the thermal diffusion coefficient was measured by laser flash analysis (LFA). The results showed that LiNaKZn-Cl was successfully impregnated into the interior of EG, and EG maintained an intact pore structure. The melting point of LiNaKZn-Cl/EG is 169.0 ℃ with a slight decrease compared to that of LiNaKZn-Cl due to the heterogeneous nucleation of EG. LiNaKZn-Cl/EG retains the high thermal conductivity of the EG skeleton, with 53.7 W/(m·K) and 23.1 W/(m·K) in the downward and normal directions, respectively, at room temperature. The melting enthalpy of LiNaKZn-Cl/EG is 63.3J/g, and the high mass ratio of LiNaKZn-Cl in LiNaKZn-Cl/EG ensures the heat storage capacity of phase change composites. The prepared LiNaKZn-Cl/EG is thermally stable and can be used at temperatures up to 500 ℃. The thermal conductivity is greatly improved compared with that of LiNaKZn-Cl, which can improve the efficiency of heat charging and discharging in the field of medium temperature thermal storage.
  • Reuse of chlorella waste for the production of cellulose nanocrystals through TEMPO-mediated oxidation and its application in cationic dyes adsorption
    ZHANG Lina, HUO Xiaomin, ZHU Jin, LIU Changbin, WANG Lianfeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10186-10192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.027
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    Cellulose was the most abundant biological molecule in nature, as a major component of plant cell wall. Nanocellulose isolated through disintegration of cellulose fibers could be used as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment due to its excellent properties. Owing to its high cellulose content and almost without lignin in the cell walls, Chlorella was a good raw material for preparing nanocellulose. In this study, Chlorella-residual based TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) were prepared through TEMPO-mediated oxidation processes under gentle mixing without high-energy mechanical treatments. The average diameter of TCNF is about 2 nm, whereas its average length was about 300 nm, and the carboxyl content is 1.54 mmol/g. Moreover, methylene blue (MB) was used as a model dye to measure the adsorption capacity of TCNF. The adsorption capacity is almost saturated when TCNF contacted MB for 80 min, and the adsorption kinetics coincide with the pseudo-secondary kinetics model. The adsorption of TCNF on MB is greatly affected by the pH value, with a maximum value at pH = 8. The initial concentration of MB considerably affects its adsorption on TCNF. Below the initial concentration of 10 mg/g, adsorption of TCNF considerably increases with the increase in the initial concentration of MB. And when the concentration is higher than 10 mg/L, the adsorption tends to be saturated. Based on the sorption isotherms analysis of TCNF, the Langmuir model fits best with the experimental data. Thus, TCNF surfaces are uniform and monolayer adsorption occurred. In conclusion, the preparation of TCNF from Chlorella-residual is a simple and promising scheme for the removal of cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.
  • Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of CoFe2O4/biomass carbon composites
    CHENG Musen, XIE Wenhan, GENG Haoran, DONG Lijie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10193-10199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.028
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    In this paper, CoFe2O4/biomass carbon composites were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal and high-temperature calcination methods. The microscopic morphology, crystal structure and electromagnetic parameters of the material indicate that CoFe2O4 can be uniformly dispersed in the carbon base, and the presence of CoFe2O4 is conducive to the defective polarization of the biomass during the carbonization process, which is beneficial to the enhancement of the wave absorption properties of the material. Effective regulation of the electromagnetic parameters of the composite material by adjusting the content of CoFe2O4 to optimize its impedance matching performance. Experimental results show that the minimum reflection loss (reflection loss, RL) value of -48.0 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (effective absorption bandwidth, EAB) of 5.5 GHz were obtained at 2.0 mm thickness of CoFe2O4/C-3.0 composite.
  • Preparation of high-strength polypropylene fiber foam concrete and analysis of its corrosion resistance
    REN Dapeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10200-10206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.029
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    With P.O 42.5 ordinary Portland cement and sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent as matrix materials and polypropylene fiber as doping phase, foam concrete with different fiber doping amounts was prepared. The influence of polypropylene fiber content on the mechanical properties, shrinkage properties, thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance of foam concrete was studied. The results showed that the proper amount of polypropylene fiber could improve the uniformity of the pores of foam concrete, reduced the size of the pores, reduced the number of connected pores and large pores, and the fibers were interspersed between the concrete hydration products and closely combined with the slurry. The appropriate amount of polypropylene fiber could effectively inhibit the cracking and shrinkage of foam concrete, and improved its thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance. With the increase of polypropylene fiber content, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of foam concrete first increased and then decreased, while the water absorption, shrinkage, thermal conductivity and chloride ion migration coefficient first decreased and then increased. At the age of 28 d, when the polypropylene fiber content was 0.9 wt%, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of foam concrete reached the maximum values of 4.49,1.53 and 1.03 MPa respectively, and the water absorption, shrinkage, thermal conductivity and chloride ion migration coefficient reached the lowest values, which were 0.2841%,1.121%, 0.103 W/(m·K) and 8.1×10-12 m2/s respectively. In conclusion, the optimum doping amount of polypropylene fiber is 0.9 wt%.
  • Photocatalytic oxidation glycerol to formic acid by (001) / (101) facets exposed TiO2
    HOU Haoqiang, YANG Zheng, XU Lifei, MA Chunhui, LI Wei, LUO Sha, LIU Shouxin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10207-10215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.030
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    TiO2 with different facets were prepared by hydrothermal method for photocatalytic reforming glycerol to formic acid. The structural composition and optical properties of TiO2 were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, EPR, Raman, UV-vis DRS and PL. The results showed that TiO2 synthesized via hydrothermal method using titanium isopropoxide as Ti source and hydrofluoric acid as morphology control agent exposed (001) crystalline facets. TiO2-2F with 2 mL hydrofluoric acid addition had coexposed anatase (001) and (101) crystalline facets and demonstrated the highest catalytic activity and selectivity. With UV light irradiation for 4 h, the conversion of glycerol over the TiO2-2F catalyst was 49.0% and the formic acid selectivity was 55.6%. The interface-contacted (001) and (101) facets formed surface heterojunctions and improved the activactivity of photocatalytic reforming glycerol to formic acid. (001) facet with oxygen vacancy and coordination unsaturated sites O2c-Ti5c-O2c caused the deep oxidation of glycerol and its intermediates which improved the selectivity of formic acid. Mechanism analysis showed that ·OH and ·O-2 were the key active species for the selective oxidation of glycerol to formic acid.
  • Preparation of quinolone complexes and their antibacterial properties study
    XIA Jiaoyun, LI Xiaoxiao, XU Tong, YANG Can
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10216-10223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.031
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    Synthesis of quinolone complexes [Cu(SF)(HPBM)](NO3)2·(H2O)1.5, (SF=ciprofloxacin, HPBM=5-methyl-2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole), characterization of complexes by infrared, ultraviolet, elemental, mass spectrometry. The antibacterial properties of complexes and ligands against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were tested by MTT detection, plate coating and filter paper sheet method, and the antibacterial performance of the complex SF-Cu-HPBM was greater than that of the ligand, and the interaction between the complex and calf thymus DNA was studied by ultraviolet, DNA-EB system and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the results showed that the complexes were bound to DNA in classical insertion mode. Exploring the mechanism of action between complexes and bovine serum albumin (BSA), it was found that the binding constant of the complex to BSA was 2.36×105 M-1, which was significantly higher than that of the first ligand ciprofloxacin and BSA by 3.85×103 M-1, and the experimental data showed that the complex and BSA were easier to bind.
  • Preparation and corrosion resistance of nickel titanium dioxide composite coating
    TIAN Yaqin, LIU Wentao, HU Menghui, HOU Yinzhi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10224-10230. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.032
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    To improve the corrosion resistance of nickel matrix composites, in this paper, nano-TiO2 particles were fully dispersed in the plating solution by ultrasonic wave, and Ni-TiO2 composite coatings were prepared on liquid silica gel by using a DC stabilized power supply and a constant temperature heating magnetic stirrer. The properties of the composite materials were adjusted by changing the content of titanium dioxide. The surface morphology, elemental composition, grain size and corrosion resistance of Ni-TiO2 composite coatings were examined using cold field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffractometer, and electrochemical studio. On the premise of conducting pretreatment on liquid silica gel, the Ni-TiO2 composite coating was successfully prepared. The Ni-TiO2 composite coating with different TiO2 content had different properties, among which 3-Ti-Ni had the best performance, and the particle diameter of the coating was 5-40 μm. The particle spacing was 3-15 μm. The corrosion resistance of 3-Ti Ni composite coating was the strongest, the corrosion current density was 48.5% lower than that of 1-Ti Ni, and the grain size of 4-Ti Ni composite was 36% lower than that of 1-Ti Ni composite. The addition of nano TiO2 particles can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of nickel based materials. The addition of nano TiO2 particles in composite coatings can refine the grains, make the coatings more compact, and improve the corrosion resistance of materials. When the content of TiO2 reached 22 g/L, the corrosion resistance of the composite is the best.
  • Preparation of modified mesoporous TiO2 photocatalytic materials and study on their photocatalytic degradation of wastewater
    BAI Chunying, Sarentuya
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(10): 10231-10236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.10.033
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    Mesoporous TiO2 photocatalytic materials were prepared by sol-gel method with butyl titanate as titanium source and Ag as additive phase. The effects of different mole fractions of Ag doping on the photocatalytic performance, microstructure and absorbance of mesoporous TiO2 were studied. The results showed that the prepared mesoporous TiO2 had a hollow spherical appearance, the particle size was between 45~70 nm, and the spherical particles were evenly dispersed. The doping of Ag didn’t change the hollow spherical structure of mesoporous TiO2, which belonged to anatase phase. With the increase of Ag doping mole fraction, the transition temperature of TiO2 anatase structure to rutile phase decreased, which accelerated the phase transition process of TiO2, the band gap of mesoporous TiO2 decreased, the spectral response range expands, and the recombination probability of photon electron hole pairs decreased. Under the irradiation of 325 nm excitation light, when the Ag doping mole fraction was 5%, the absorption edge of mesoporous TiO2 was at 439 nm, the corresponding minimum band gap was 2.82 eV, and its photoluminescence intensity was the lowest. Within 180 minutes, when the molar fraction of Ag doping was 5%, the degradation rate of RhB by mesoporous TiO2 reached the maximum value of 98.76%, which was 65.1% higher than that of pure TiO2. From this, it can be seen that the optimal mole fraction for Ag doping is 5%.
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