30 June 2021, Volume 52 Issue 6
    

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    Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2020)
  • ZHANG Jiwei, CHANG Haizhou, YI Han
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6001-6005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.001
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    The TiO2 loaded by KOH impregnated modified activated carbon (AC) is carried out by sol-gel method. The materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area and pore size measurement (BET), X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so on. The composite material is coated with electrodes for the study of electro adsorption. The results show that TiO2 is successfully supported on AC, the crystal form is anatase, and there is a C-O-Ti interaction on the surface. Compared with AC coated electrode, the composite coated electrode has better electro adsorption effect, and its electro adsorption removal rate is 71.15%, which is 77% higher than that of AC coated electrode. At the same time, KOH/TiO2-AC coating electrode has good recycling performance.
  • LIU Rong, LI Liangfeng, CHEN Guo, GAO Pengfei, MA Xue, WANG Yuping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6006-6012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.002
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    ZnO@rGO hybrid filler is fabricated by liquid phase method with graphene oxide (GO) as the carrier and zinc acetate as zinc source. The structure and morphology of the hybrid filler are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectrometer (Raman) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A series of epoxy resins (ZnO@rGO/EP) thermally conductive insulating composites are prepared by adding ZnO@rGO hybrid filler. The influence of filler content on the properties of the thermally conductive insulating composites is studied. The results show that the hybrid filler could be dispersed evenly in epoxy resin. With the increasing of filler content, the thermal conductivity of ZnO@rGO(O2)/EP composites increases continuously, and the impact strength first increases and then decreases. When 22.04 vol.% ZnO@rGO(O2) is added, the thermal conductivity of the composite material reaches 0.58 W/(m·K), which is 205.3% higher than that of pure epoxy resin, and the impact strength increases from 15.9 kJ/m2 for the pure epoxy resin to 25.0 kJ/m2. Meanwhile, the composite material still maintains good insulation properties.
  • LI Yujie, LIAO Junjie, LYU Longfei, BAO Weiren, CHANG Liping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6013-6018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.003
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    Fe3O4/graphene composites with Fe3O4 nanosheets vertically and uniformly grown on the surface of graphene are prepared by solvothermal method. XRD, BET, SEM, TEM and other characterization methods are used to characterize the structure of the composites. CV and GCD are used to test the electrochemical performance of the composites using KOH, Na2SO3 and Na2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. The effects of the type and concentration of electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4/graphene composites are analyzed. The results show that different types of electrolytes have different ionic radii, and the size of the ionic radius affects the insertion/extraction of ions in the electrode material, so the capacitance of Fe3O4/graphene composites in different types of electrolytes behaves differently. The order of specific capacitance of Fe3O4/graphene composites in three different electrolytes from large to small is: KOH electrolyte> Na2SO3 electrolyte> Na2SO4 electrolyte, and the specific capacitance reaches the maximum in 0.9 mol/L KOH electrolyte (330 F/g, current density is 0.4 A/g). Different concentrations of KOH electrolyte have different viscosities and electrical conductivity. The viscosity and conductivity of the electrolyte will affect the migration speed of ions, further affecting the capacitance performance of Fe3O4/graphene composites.
  • RAN Xiaofeng, WANG Haoran, LU Linyuan, ZHONG Yajuan, LIN Jun, ZOU Hua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6019-6025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.004
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    NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt and α-Al2O3 are selected as phase change material (PCM) and encapsulation material, respectively. Six kinds of NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt/α-Al2O3 ceramic medium-high temperature composite phase change material (CPCM) with different mass ratios are prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The microstructure and thermodynamic properties of CPCM are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high temperature laser thermal conductivity meter and differential scanning calorimeter-thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DSC). The charging and discharging rates of CPCM are analyzed by finite element simulation. The results show that after sintered at 550 ℃, α-Al2O3 ceramic plays a good role in encapsulation and effectively reduces the weight loss rate of NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt at high temperature. Compared with NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt, the overall thermal conductivity of CPCM is significantly improved, and the phase change time is greatly shortened, indicating that the heat charging and discharging rates of CPCM are significantly improved. The medium-high temperature CPCM has dense microstructure, and the distribution of all elements in CPCM is relatively uniform. The distribution of Na and Mg elements is superposition, indicating that there is no chemical reaction between NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt and α-Al2O3, and CPCM has good chemical stability. The melting point of NaCl-MgCl2 eutectic salt/α-Al2O3 ceramic medium-high temperature CPCM is 408.7 ℃, the latent heat of phase transition is 142.6 J/g, and the thermal stability is good at 500-650 ℃. This paper provides a novel experimental basis for the preparation and characterization of eutectic salt/ceramic CPCM.
  • ZHANG Huan, BO Yuqin, LIU Xin, LOU Guosheng, CHEN Shuang, LIU Huie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6026-6032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.005
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    As a two-dimensional carbon-based nano-material, graphene has wide optical absorption range, high specific surface area, excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In order to further enhance the light absorption performance of graphene and reduce the agglomeration between graphene sheets, one-dimensional carbon nanotubes are introduced through a simple hydrothermal reduction method to composite with graphene to obtain a three-dimensional graphene-based photothermal material. The specific surface area of the photothermal material is significantly enhanced and the surface becomes rougher. It has open microporous structure as well. The material is characterized and evaluated in desalination of artificial seawater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and so on are used to characterize the material, and effective combination between graphene sheets and carbon nanotubes are observed. It is found that the light absorbance of graphene-carbon nanotube composite aerogel could reach 92% in the range of 200-2500 nm through UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer (UV-vis-NIR) analysis. The evaporation rate of artificial seawater could reach 2.287 kg/(m2·h) when the composite aerogel is used for solar-steam generation, and the photothermal conversion efficiency could reach 96.88%. These results indicate that graphene-carbon nanotube composite aerogel has a good photothermal conversion performance, and would have a broad application prospect in seawater desalination.
  • Review & Advance
  • LIU Meina, MA Xiaofang, LI Chenghao, TONG Jinghui, ZHOU Guijiang , GUAN Xiaolin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6033-6046. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.006
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    Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals with a size of 1-10 nm, which have special optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. They have great prospects in the fields of quantitative analysis, biomedicine, and solar cells. Among them, copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) ternary QDs which has stable fluorescence properties, is considered to be an ideal green non-toxic environmentally friendly fluorescent nanomaterial because it does not contain toxic heavy metal elements such as cadmium or lead. This article introduces the research progress of CuInS2 ternary QDs in detail. Starting from the basic properties, its optical properties are expounded. The different synthesis methods of CuInS2 ternary QDs in organic and aqueous phases, and how to enhance its water solubility and biocompatibility by surface modification of functional molecules for meeting the requirements of biomedical applications are introduced. At the same time, the research progress of CuInS2 ternary QDs in the quantitative detection of biomolecules, in vitro cell imaging and in vivo bioimaging is summarized, and the problems to be solved in the development of this kind of materials are prospected.
  • LIU Xiaoxuan, LI Zheng, HAN Fei, LIU Hongbo, LIU Jinshui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6047-6058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.007
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    Ion-bonded graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) is a type of layered materials with excellent performance, such as high electronic conductivity, good thermal stability and large interlayer space, attributed to which it has been widely used in energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, superconductivity and other fields in past years. Ion-bonded GICs is divided into electron-donating GICs and electron-accepting GICs. The typical representives of those two types of ion-bonded GICs are alkali metal-GICs and metal chloride-GICs. In recent years, alkali metal-GICs and metal chloride-GICs have continuously made new breakthroughs in the field of advanced rechargeable batteries. This article summarizes the intercalation processes of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) -GICs and the storage mechanism for alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) of metal chloride-GICs. The former demonstrates the interaction between alkali metal guests (Li, Na, K) and graphite host by comparing intercalation behavior of alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) intercalating into graphite. The latter discusses the electrochemical performance of metal chloride-GICs in the field of alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+) batteries anode materials and the superiority of electrochemical performance after modification, and points out challenges what it would face as anode materials in energy storage. Finally, the research tendency and application prospects of ion-bonded GICs are prospected.
  • CHEN Xiangping, SU Lirong, WU Yanxia, WANG Qingtao, REN Shufang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6059-6068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.008
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    Hydrogen energy is a promising clean energy that can replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen production from water electrolysis is the most promising way to achieve sustainable energy development and zero emission. The design and development of abundant, low cost, high efficient and stable electrocatalysts are the key to achieve efficient hydrogen production from water electrolysis. As a non-noble metal catalyst, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have the advantages of high natural abundance, low cost, good electrical conductivity, and stable catalytic performance. In recent years, they have been widely used in the research field of electrolytic water hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, the mechanism of hydrogen evolution by electrolysis of water was summarized. The preparation, modification methods of TMPs and their applications in hydrogen evolution by electrolysis of water are introduced. The existing problems and challenges of TMPs electrocatalysts are summarized, and the future development trend is prospected.
  • ZHANG Zhicai, QI Fugang, ZHAO Nie, OUYANG Xiaoping, TANG Jun, ZHOU Ao, TAN Yali
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6069-6075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.009
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    Material corrosion and anti-corrosion have always been an indispensable part in material development and application. Epoxy resin is widely used for anti-corrosion due to its excellent anti-corrosion ability, adhesion and mechanical strength. However, with the rapid development of the coatings field, some shortcomings of epoxy resins have been exposed: brittleness, insufficient heat resistance and the existence of holes. In view of these shortcomings, this article summarizes the various modifications of epoxy resin coatings made by domestic and foreign researchers in recent years. First of all, this article summarizes the current mainstream research directions at home and abroad from the selection of modified materials and the innovation of research methods. For the existence of pores, nano micro-inorganic substances with special functions (such as wear resistance, temperature resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc.) are adopted. Due to poor heat resistance and high brittleness, the epoxy resin has been modified at the molecular level to improve the relevant performance or make the epoxy resin have unique functions. For special applications, bionic design is used to make coatings have antifouling effects, such as hydrophobicity and sterilization, and no pollution to the environment. Secondly, this article also introduces the best anti-corrosion effect of each improved method, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, the future development trend of epoxy resin anticorrosive coatings is discussed, and the feasibility of various modification schemes in future applications is analyzed.
  • SHANG Fengjie, LI Qinlan, SHI Yongjing, LIU Haiding, SONG Shigeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6076-6083. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.010
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    Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a kind of all solid-state power generation equipment with high energy conversion efficiency, friendly environment and flexible fuel, which provides a choice for the sustainable development of energy resources. Oxygen ions are conducted through oxygen vacancies in solid electrolyte. Increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancy is the key to improve the ionic conductivity, and electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity promote the development of SOFC. In this paper, the ion transport mechanism of solid electrolyte and the structure, research progress, advantages and disadvantages of ZrO2 based electrolyte, CeO2 based electrolyte, Bi2O3 based electrolyte and LaGaO3 based electrolyte materials are reviewed. The development trend of electrolyte materials in the future is prospected.
  • Research & Development
  • ZHENG Shouhong, LI Wei, JIANG Minghao, YAN Xiaotong, HOU Yuhua, TAO Xiaoma
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6084-6089. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.011
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    Silicate cathode material Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) receives wide attention due to high theoretical capacity. However, the lack of electrochemical properties and cycle stability limit its further development. The effect of the mechanical properties of Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) system on its electrochemical properties is systematically studied by the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation with Hubbard corrections (GGA+U). The calculation results suggest that the Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) show good toughness, especially Li2FeSiO4, which is consistent with the experimental report that Li2FeSiO4 has excellent cyclic stability. In addition, the study finds that Li2CoSiO4 has the highest Young's modulus E and Debye temperature θD, which is consistent with the experimental results of higher discharge voltage and Li+ difficult detachment from the Li2CoSiO4.
  • ZHANG Xu, YUE Huijuan, LU Yingxi, DU Fanglin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6090-6096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.012
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    In order to study the effects of the addition of different volume PDA in electrolyte on the electrochromic properties of composite films, composite films constructed by tungsten oxide (WO3) and (PDA) are prepared by constant voltage electrochemical deposition on Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate.The structure and properties of the composite films are characterized by infrared spectrometer (FT-TR), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Electrochemical workstation and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy are used to investigate the electrochromic properties of composite films added different volume PDA in the voltage range of -1.0—+0.8 V. The results show that the as-prepared composite film in 25 mL pertungstic acid (PTA) electrolyte with 1.17 μg/mL PDA has outstanding performance, for which the optical contrast is 77%, response time for coloring and bleaching are 7.0 and 5.5 s, respectively. After 1200 cycles, the optical contrast reaches 80% of the first cycle, implying its excellent cycle stability. This work may play a guidance role for introducing self-healing properties into WO3 electrochromic composite film.
  • LI Tao, HE Yuchen, YAO Zhimin, CAI Jun, LI Hua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6097-6101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.013
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    Fiber materials are commonly used in sound absorption. As the raw material of fiber material, the difference of fiber parameters will determine the sound absorption performance of fiber material. In this study, polyester fiber panels with different fiber parameters are prepared. The influence of fiber cross-sectional shape, fiber fineness and fiber length on the sound absorption performance of polyester fiber panel is analyzed. The response surface methodology is adopted to optimize the fiber parameters of polyester fiber panels. The research results show that the sound absorption performance of non-circular section polyester fibers is better than that of ordinary circular polyester in the mid-frequency stage, and the polyester fiber material with flat section has the best sound absorption performance. Polyester fibers with small fiber fineness have better sound absorption performance, while fiber length has little effect on sound absorption performance. The optimal fiber parameters by response surface optimization analysis are obtained. When the fiber section is flat, the fiber fineness is 3D with fiber length of 65 mm. The average sound absorption coefficient of 8 mm thick polyester panel with 20 air cavity depth reaches 0.54.
  • SONG Hanwen, WANG Zilong, YAN Qinxue, ZHU Mengshuai, ZHANG Hua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6102-6109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.014
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    Based on paraffin and copper foam, composite PCMs with 15% filling copper foam are prepared in this paper. A set of visual experiment system is built to study the evolution of phase-change interface of the composite PCMs. At the same time, the melting process of composite PCMs is numerically simulated based on the enthalpy-porous medium model. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the composite PCMs is enhanced by copper foam, and the melting time of composite PCMs is 3.44% shorter than that of paraffin. The addition of copper foam reduces the Rayleigh number of the composite PCMs, so the convective intensity is weakened. However, the copper foam enhances the thermal conductivity at the bottom and shortens the overall melting time, so the melting process of the composite PCMs studied in this paper is mainly dominated by heat conduction and laminar flow. The melting time of pure paraffin and composite PCMs model is 19 s and 28 s faster than the experiment results. RMSE are 0.0223 and 0.0179, respectively.
  • GU Minjing, ZHAO Feixiang, FAN Suna, MA Kai, YAO Xiang, ZHANG Yaopeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6110-6115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.015
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    Bone biomimetic scaffolds are prepared by lyophilization from the mixture of silk fibroin (SF), bacterial cellulose nanofiber ribbon (BCNR) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). SEM, FTIR, material testing machine and other equipment are used to characterize the structure and properties of the composite scaffolds. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and CCK-8 reagent are used to characterize the adhesion and proliferation of cells on the scaffolds. Results show that the additive of bone active ingredient nHAp promote the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the composite scaffolds. The SF/BCNR/nHAp composite scaffold with 30% nHAp have a better bone-like slice structure, larger pore size and porosity than SF/BCNR scaffold. Moreover, the mechanical properties of CS30 also match the requirements of spongy bone. In conclusion, the biomimetic SF/BCNR/nHAp scaffolds, especially CS30, have a good application potential in the field of bone tissue engineering.
  • JIAO Yurong, YUAN Chenxi, ZHANG Ya, MA Yajun, XIANG Yulin, GONG Ying, LIU Xia, HAN Zhiping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6116-6119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.016
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    The composites of g-C3N4(GCN), MoS2 and loaded g-C3N4/MoS2 (GCN/MoS2) layered materials and Fe doped GCN/MoS2(Fe/GCNM) hybrid materials are prepared by high temperature calcination and hydrothermal method with melamine, ammonium molybdate and thioureas as raw materials. The morphology, size and structure of nanomaterials are characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and DRS. In addition, the photocatalytic activities are evaluated by the concentration ratio C/C0 of MO solution before and after the degradation and optimized the effect of different catalysts and the dosage of composite catalysts. The results show that compared with pure GCN, GCN/MoS2 and Fe/GCNM significantly improve the photodegradation efficiency toward the MO with the C/C0 of 0.38, 0.23 and 0.17, respectively. In addition, the reaction rate constant (K) of Fe/GCNM is much higher than that of GCN, GCNM and Fe/GCN, which is attributed to the separation of photogenic electron-hole pairs promoted by the synthesis of Fe and MoS2 composited with GCN and improves the catalytic performance.
  • XU Dan, CHEN Xiujuan, FAN Yingqiang, YU Shurong, WU Mingliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6120-6125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.017
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    ZnO@ZIF-8 anode materials are prepared by a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. Compared with pure ZnO, the morphology of the electrode material changes obviously. The electrochemical performance test shows the high reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability of the ZnO@ZIF-8 prepared by simple hydrothermal method with the first reversible specific capacity of 1136 mAh/g and 412.3 mAh/g after 50 cycles. The electrochemical performance of ZnO@ZIF-8 is obviously improved compared with that of pure ZnO.
  • FAN Minjie, LI Congshan, DAI Yadong, MENG Tengfei, ZHAO Yupei, WANG Peng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6126-6132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.018
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    Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction has gained much attention due to its mild reaction conditions, and this reaction can be performed without the presence of reductive atmosphere and the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Solid bases with abundant strong basic sites can be synthesized with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors. These MOFs are immobilized with alkane metal nitrides, followed by calcination to produce the desired basic metal oxides. The basic zirconia shows highly efficient catalytic performance in MPV reduction of substrates with the carbonyl group, and benzaldehyde can be completely reduced in 6 hours with a mild reaction temperature (160 ℃) in the absence of hydrogen gas. The catalytic efficiency is determined by the amounts of strong basic sites, but not the total amounts of basic sites, and this phenomenon is proved by the contrast experiments with the catalytic test of weak solid bases. Furthermore, the cooperative action between basic and acid sites can also enhance the catalytic performance in MPV reactions. With MOFs as precursors, metal oxide catalysts can be synthesized with well dispersed active sites.
  • YANG Lijun, WEN Pin, SHI Danyu, REN Xuezhuang, ZHU Yangyang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6133-6137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.019
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    The introduction of carbon nanotubes into metal matrix composite materials improves the hardness, strength, thermal stability and wear properties of the material. So the research of metal matrix composite materials gradually attracts more attention. First, perform friction and wear experiments are carried out on the surface of grooves with different depth, width and spacing formed by laser processing to obtain optimal structural parameters. Secondly, a uniform and dense CNTs pre-coating layer is prepared on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by electrochemical deposition method. Finally, the fiber laser is used to process the optimal structure on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy for surface modification, and the surface friction and wear experiments are conducted. The effect of surface CNTs coating on the wear performance of the cladding layer under the action of laser is investigated. The experimental result is shown that with the increase of CNTs content, the friction coefficient shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface processed by laser cladding CNTs is significantly improved, and the wear coefficient can reach 0.3, which is 32% of the untreated one. The hardness of the sample is up to 410 HV, which is an increase of about 35%.
  • HE Ran, HU Zhangqi, LIU Yang, WANG Yuhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6138-6144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.020
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    By changing the content of hybrid nano fillers, epoxy resin composites with different content of nano fillers (0, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt %, 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 4.0 wt % and 7.0 wt %) are prepared. The thermal and electrical properties are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and conductivity meter. The results show that the cross-section morphology of epoxy resin composite is basically the same as that of pure epoxy resin, showing irregular state and rough crack characteristics. When the content of hybrid nano fillers increases gradually, the structure of graphene changes from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of the composites also increase, and the thermal stability of the composites is obviously enhanced. When the content of hybrid nano filler is 7 wt%, the thermal conductivity of the composite is 0.33 W/(m·K), which is 65.0% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. The epoxy resin composites with different content of hybrid nano fillers show insulation properties at different frequencies, and the composites have dielectric properties. When the hybrid nano fillers are uniformly dispersed, the corresponding composites would show conventional dielectric constant.
  • ZHAO Qiliang, LI Hui, LIU Wenhuan, ZHAO Zhongzhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6145-6151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.021
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    Aftermelting at high temperature and water quenching and quenching, lead-zinc smelting slag will form glass form materials. It has certain activity under alkaline conditions and can be used to produce building material admixtures and cementing materials. Lead-zinc slag ecological cementitious material is successfully prepared by using lead-zinc slag as main raw material with a small amount of bischofite, calcium based solid waste and cement as activator. The mechanical properties and hydration products of cementitious materials are analyzed by electronic universal testing machine and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of cementitious materials are studied by orthogonal test. The microstructure and morphology of the hydration products are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and mercury porosimetry (MIP). The results show that when the content of bischofite is 3 wt%, the total content of solid waste is 70 wt%, the water cement ratio is 0.4, and the content of calcium based solid waste is 16 wt%, the prepared lead-zinc slag ecological cementitious material has the best performance. The 28 d compressive strength of cementitious material reaches 9.73 MPa, and the water cement ratio is the first factor affecting the compressive strength. XRD analysis shows that the cementitious materials are polymerized to form the structure of - Si-O-Si-. SEM analysis shows that the hydration products of cementitious materials present honeycomb structure, which stimulates the potential hydration activity and improves the mechanical properties of the materials. FT-IR analysis shows that the Si-O bond is gradually polymerized into Si-O-Si bond, and the degree of polymerization of silicon oxygen tetrahedron in C-S-H increases. MIP analysis shows that the pore size of cementitious material is small, and the structure of hardened body is dense and the strength is high.
  • ZHENG Hai, YANG Hongxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6152-6156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.022
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    PW/GO phase change materials are prepared by mixing paraffin (PW) and graphene (GO). Then, PW/GO/cement composites are prepared by compounding PW/GO phase change materials with ordinary cement. The surface morphology of PW/GO phase change materials are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The molecular structure of PW/GO phase change materials are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The compressive and flexural properties of PW/GO/cement composites are tested by mechanical universal testing machine. The thermal properties of the composites are analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter, and the thermal adjustment ability of the composites is studied by using a self-made device. SEM and FT-IR analysis show that PW/GO phase change materials are filled with a large amount of PW in the gap of multilayer GO, which are successfully combined, but their molecular structure is unchanged. Adding PW/GO phase change materials could improve the thermal energy storage efficiency of cement-based materials. The compressive strength and flexural strength of cement composites with 30 wt% PW/GO content could reach 33.2 and 5.5 MPa respectively, and the melting value (ΔHm) and crystallization value (ΔHf) could reach 34.02 and 33.85 J/g respectively. The incorporation of PW/GO phase change materials could reduce the indoor temperature fluctuation and provide good temperature comfort, showing good application potential.
  • YAO Yucen, LONG Yong, LI Jin, WU Huan, HE Ye, TAN Ninghui, LI Lu, CHENG Jiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6157-6161. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.023
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    Type Ⅷ single crystal clathrates exhibit good characteristics of electron crystal-phonon glass because the special crystal structure. And the thermoelectric performance could be further improved be elemental doping, which could bring obvious improvement for the energy band structure and density of states. However, the mechanism here is not very clear. In this paper, we use first principles to calculate the lattice constant, band structure, density of states, etc. of type Ⅷ Sn-based clathrates. These clathrates are set in form of original structure or structures doped with In, Zn, Cu and other elements. Studies have shown that the In, Zn and Cu doping increases the bulk modulus of the material, and reduces its band gap. Moreover, the In, Zn, Cu doping introduces impurity energy level, and changes the material frame of the atomic electron distribution. The thermoelectric properties of materials are optimized by doping different elements, due to different electronic distribution in the s, p, d layers, resulting in different influence on material band structure.
  • Process& Technology
  • LI Hongcheng, ZHANG Na, DONG Hanwu, LUO Suqin, ZHAN Jun, YE Xiaozhou, JIANG Bin, CHEN Xianhua, PAN Fusheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6162-6167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.024
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    Based on the requirements of high efficiency, energy saving, batch production, stable supply and environmental protection, the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy under non-flux remelting are determined. Taking ZM5 magnesium alloy as the research object, the non-flux remelting process parameters of ZM5 magnesium alloy are analyzed by orthogonal test and variance method. The results show that the melt holding time has the greatest influence on the mechanical properties, followed by the melt holding temperature and the gas stirring time. The optimum parameters for obtaining good mechanical properties are as follows: holding time of melt of 40 min, holding temperature of melt of 740 ℃, and gas stirring time of 3 min. The microstructure of ZM5 magnesium alloy is also studied. The results show that the original ZM5 ingot has very large grains and abundant dendrites. After non-flux free, ZM5 Alloy contains impurity elements such as O, C, Si in addition to the elements in the alloy. Non-flux remelting has no obvious effect on the solidification process of ZM5 Alloy, and there is no hereditary structure after remelting.
  • ZOU Xingzheng, LI Fang, LIU Haiding, LI Xiaotao, HUANG Jie, WANG Dongzhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6168-6173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.025
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    The corrosion resistance of new nickle-based corrosion-resistant alloys which are used in simulated reprocessing waste solution is studied by means of ion dissolution method and intergranular corrosion test. The results show that the corrosion-resistant alloy is austenitic structure and has excellent corrosion resistance in simulated reprocessing waste solution. Uniform corrosion occurs, but no pitting corrosion is found after 110 ℃ continuous corrosion in simulated reprocessing waste solution. The alloy's annual corrosion rate is 0.004 mm/a at room temperature, and 0.007 mm/a at 110 ℃ in the simulated corrosion solution. The welded sample's annual corrosion rate is 0.005 mm/a at room temperature, and 0.010 mm/a at 110 ℃ in the simulated corrosion solution. The 316L's annual corrosion rates are several times higher than this new nickle-based corrosion-resistant alloy. The new nickle-based corrosion-resistant alloy can be applied to the design of reprocessing containers and equipments with long service life.
  • XU Jiaxing, ZHANG Junwu, MA Hongyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6174-6179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.026
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    With the development of flexible conductive films in the field of material medicine, research of its antibacterial property and biocompatibility becomes particularly important, but there are few reports on it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity of silver nanowires flexible conductive films. Firstly, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are prepared by an improved polyol reduction method. Further, flexible conductive films with different AgNWs content are sprayed into the groove molds. Moreover, its antibacterial effects against three pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Stephylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, as well as the influence of its silver release on the morphology of human derma fibroblasts is investigated. The results show that the flexible conductive films (AgNWs/PDMS) obtained in this study exhibit obvious antibacterial effect on all three pathogens, but do not appear to produce cytotoxicity on the morphology of human dermal fibroblasts. The accumulative release of silver in saline solution is also in a safe range (0-1 level) without potential cytotoxicity to cells.
  • LAI Zhiwen, XU Mengya, HU Zhipeng, JIANG Hongliu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6180-6189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.027
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    β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) monomer and tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile cross-linking agent are used to synthesize β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer (CDP-CN) and further reacted with hydroxylamine to obtain amidoxime modified β-cyclodextrin polymer adsorbent (CDP-AM). The adsorption effect of CDP-AM on Cu (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) metal ions is studied. The structure of the polymer adsorbent is characterized by FT-IR, TGA, SEM, and XPS, and the degree of protonation is studied by the zeta potential. The effects of pH, initial concentration and adsorption time of the solution on the adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) are investigated. The results show that the adsorption process is consistent with the Langmuir isothermal model and the pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb (Ⅱ) and Cu (Ⅱ) at 30 ℃ are 281.69 mg/g and 273.97 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of heavy metal ions on the polymer surface is endothermic and spontaneous. The order of adsorption and removal efficiency is Pb (Ⅱ)> Cu (Ⅱ). CDP-AM can remove heavy metal ions with high efficiency through static electricity and chelation, and maintain high efficiency after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles. Studies show that CDP-AM polymers are expected to be developed as reneractive adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.
  • NIU Fengxing, JIANG Shuai, GAO Xiaoming, ZHANG Xuemei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6190-6194. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.028
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    A series of BiOCl/ZnO composite photocatalysts are obtained by hydrothermal method with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, NaOH, KCl and Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as raw materials. The structures of BiOCl/ZnO are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry (UV-Vis DRS). The results show that BiOCl/ZnO has higher absorption intensity and range than pure BiOCl, and the synergistic catalysis between BiOCl and ZnO promotes the separation and migration of photogenerated electrons/holes. The photocatalytic performance of BiOCl/ZnO photocatalysts are investigated with catechol as the research object .The results show that the 1∶1 BiOCl/ZnO composite catalyst shows the best catalytic activity, and the degradation rate of 10 mg/L pyroechol reaches 95.7% after 120 min reaction under 400 W metal halide light. The rate constants of BiOCl/ZnO are 6.09 and 4.19 times that of pure ZnO and pure BiOCl, and the stability is good. The degradation rate is still above 90.0% after repeated use for 4 times.
  • MA Yunjie, DING Siwen, ZHANG Chengge, ZHANG Wei, LI Qian, WANG Shaoyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6195-6199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.029
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    Two kinds of covalent organic frameworks (TpBD COFs and MCOFs) are prepared by hydrothermal method using trialdehyde phloroglucinol as a synthetic monomer. The adsorption behavior of the covalent organic frameworks is investigated as adsorbents for heavy metal ions Cr (Ⅵ). The results show that two kinds of organic covalent materials are successfully prepared by hydrothermal method, and the materials have abundant pore channels, and the specific surface areas are 81.461 and 110.500 m2/g, respectively. The results of adsorption of chromium ion show that the equilibrium adsorption time of TpBD COFs and MICOFs are 20 min and 10 min, respectively. The static adsorption behavior of TpBD COFs and MICOFs conforms to the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model of monolayer surface adsorption, and the kinetic adsorption behavior is in line with the quasi first-order kinetic behavior. The adsorption time of the two materials is short, and the adsorption effect is ideal, so it is feasible to use them for the enrichment and purification of heavy metal ions in wastewater.
  • LIU Mengqing, HUO Tingting, DONG Faqin, BIAN Liang, WANG Huanbo, LI Yu, WAN Qiuyue, JIANG Luman, DU Kangting
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6200-6207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.030
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    Fe3O4 as a typical nano-magnetic material was widely used in wastewater treatment. In this work, in order to further improve its adsorption performance, S-ZnFe2O4 was prepared by double modification Zn and sulfur on Fe3O4, the structures and morphologies of Fe3O4 and S-ZnFe2O4 were compared and characterized by SEM, XRD, EDS, FT-IR, Raman and other characterization methods. Adsorption experiments explored the influence of pH on the adsorption of uranyl ions. Its adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were explored based on variable contact time and initial concentration. The results showed that after the double modification of Zn and S, the adsorption capacity for UO2+2 increased significantly, from 27.12 mg/g to 51.68 mg/g. the optimal pH for the adsorption of UO2+2 by nano-Fe3O4 and S-ZnFe2O4 was 6.0; the adsorption process fitted to the pseudo second-order kinetic model; the adsorption process of nano-Fe3O4 fitted to both Langmuir isotherm adsorption model and Freundlich isotherm adsorption model, the adsorption process of nano-S-ZnFe2O4 fitted to Langmuir isotherm adsorption model; This research is of great guiding significance to the development of new adsorbents that efficiently adsorb uranium-containing wastewater.
  • QIN Donglei, SHI Baoli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6208-6212. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.031
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    Two kinds of cellulose/ZnO piezoelectric papers are prepared by crushing and dissolving methods. The papers are characterized by SEM and analyzed by a piezoelectric equipment. The differences in the structure and piezoelectric performance of the two kinds of papers are explored. The effects of ZnO addition amount, thickness of the papers, and pressure on the piezoelectric properties are discussed and compared with a PVDF film. The results show that the fibers of the piezoelectric paper prepared by the dissolving method are smooth and tightly bounded to ZnO, which makes ZnO uniformly coat on the surface of the fibers. The higher the pressure, the higher the piezoelectric properties. The thicker the piezoelectric paper, the higher the piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric paper with 20% ZnO added by the dissolving method has high piezoelectric properties, and the maximum output current is 52.36 nA/cm2. The piezoelectric properties of the piezoelectric paper are comparable to the purchased PVDF film.
  • JIN Haiyang, LI Wei, YANG Xi, MA Xun, LIU Ping, WANG Jingjing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(6): 6213-6220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.06.032
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    In order to explore the influence of the thickness of Ni-P transition layer on the preparation of Ni-P-PTFE coating on stainless steel surface. Ni /Ni-P /Ni-P-PTFE three-layers structure gradient coating was prepared on stainless steel by electroplating combined with electroless plating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nano indentation, friction and wear tester, scratch tester and contact angle tester were used to characterize and test the microstructure, mechanical properties, adhesion and anti-adhesion property of the gradient coating. The results showed that, with the increased of Ni-P transition layer deposition time, the transition layer gradually thickened, the PTFE content in Ni-P-PTFE first decreased and then increased, the hardness and adhesion of Ni-P-PTFE coating first increased and then decreased. The maximum values of hardness and adhesion reach to 4.18 GPa and 13.49 N respectively when the Ni-P deposition time was 20 min. When the Ni-P deposition time was 25 min ,the friction coefficient reached the minimum value of 0.17, and the contact angle between the surface of Ni-P-PTFE coating with water-based and oil-based liquid reached the maximum value of 101.1° and 60.06° respectively. At this time, the Ni-P-PTFE coating showed excellent adhesion resistance.