30 April 2021, Volume 52 Issue 4
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2020)
  • Preparation and photocatalytic property of rare earth ferrites
    LIN Yongle, JIANG Qiying, LI Wenjin, ZHOU Xi, DENG Hongquan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4001-4006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.001
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    Five rare earth ferrites of ReFeO3(Re= Y3+, La3+, Sm3+, Gd3+ and Ho3+) are prepared through thermal decomposition coordination precursor at the temperature of 600 ℃ with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (H5dtpa) as ligand. The phase, morphology, band structure and magnetic property of samples prepared are characterized by XRD, SEM, Uv-Vis DRS and VSM. XRD results show that as-prepared products including Y3+, La3+and Gd3+, respectively, are only the phase of orthorhombic ReFeO3, while the samples including Sm3+, Ho3+, respectively, are composed of principal ReFeO3 and a trance amount of Re2O3. The band gap of Eg is about 2.0 eV for all products, exhibiting strong response to light from ultraviolet region to visible region. All products show weak magnetism, and HoFeO3 exhibits relatively strong magnetism with Hc=28 656 A/m, Ms=0.286 Am2/kg and Mr=0.076 Am2/kg. Moreover, catalytic activity for all samples prepared is studied based on the degradation of MO resolution. From result of degradation rate of MO, it can be seen that all samples prepared exhibit good photcatalytic activity. Among them, YFeO3 displays better photo-catalytic activity, and 86% of MO is degraded under light irrational time of 4 h in the present of it.
  • Preparation of strontium barium ferrite material with strontium waste residue by direct method
    HE Yu, LIU Zuohua, LUAN Jinhua, CUI Zhiwei, ZHANG Xiong, MAO Lingling, KONG Lingfeng, TAO Changyuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4007-4011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.002
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    Strontium barium ferrite (SrxBa1-xFe12O19) is prepared by chemical co-precipitation method using celestite strontium waste residue in Dazu District, Chongqing City. The strontium barium ferrite is characterized by XRD and SEM, and the influence of precipitation pH value, calcination temperature, and calcination time on the phase composition and microscopic morphology of strontium barium ferrite is explored. The experimental results show that under the conditions of precipitation pH value of 12, calcination temperature of 900 ℃, and calcination time of 2 h, the prepared strontium barium ferrite has no impurity phases and has an obvious hexagonal or nearly hexagonal flake morphology with permanent magnet high saturation magnetization (Ms) and high coercive force (Hc) characteristics. The saturation magnetization (Ms) is 60.29 Am2/kg, residual magnetization (Ms) is 32.16 Am2/kg and coercive force (Hc) is 308.08 kA/m.
  • Investigation on thermoelectric properties of SnSe thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
    CUI Yan, QIAO Jixiang, ZHAO Yang, TAI Kaiping, WAN Ye
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4012-4017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.003
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    Because of the anisotropy of the crystal structure and thermoelectric (TE) properties, tin selenide (SnSe) exhibits excellent thermoelectric properties along the b-axis and has received great attentions from the communities of science the industry. However, there are few reports on the SnSe thin films. In this study, magnetron sputtering technique is used to deposit SnSe films on a Si/SiO2 substrate. The effect of deposition temperature on the structure and TE properties of the SnSe film is analyzed. The results show that with the temperature increases, both the grain size, and the crystal quality of the film increases. The (111)-textured SnSe film with high crystalline quality and good stoichiometric ratio is obtained under the deposition temperature of 573 K, which can obtain the maximum power factor (PF) of about 1.25 μW/(cm·K2). In addition, when the temperature increases to 773 K, a (400)-textured SnSe film is obtained, which exhibits an ultra-high carrier mobility and Seebeck coefficient. The maximum PF is as high as 0.5 μW/(cm·K2), at 573 K, which is close to value of single crystal SnSe along the a-axis at the similar temperature. Our results prove the importance of appropriate deposition temperature on the microstructure and TE properties of SnSe films and provide a new way for improving the TE properties of SnSe-based films by controlling the ordered microstructures.
  • Study on optimization of interface modification of metal lithium anode in all solid state lithium ion battery
    XIN Yuchi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4018-4022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.004
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    All solid state lithium ion batteries are prepared by using copolymer PEDOT-co-PEG as the surface modification layer of lithium metal anode and lithium iron phosphate composite anode, garnet type material and polyoxyethane polymer as solid electrolyte. SEM is used to analyze the morphological changes of lithium metal after repeated charge discharge operation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to study the contact surface stability of modified lithium metal and composite solid electrolyte, and the charge discharge performance and interface stability of all solid state lithium ion battery are studied. The results show that the high current density capacity of all solid state lithium ion batteries rapidly decays due to the formation of lithium dendrites in the process of charging and discharging. The solid electrolyte composed of "garnet type" substance and polyoxyethane polymer has a good contact surface with the modified lithium metal, which could inhibit the formation of lithium dendrite and improve the mechanical properties of all solid state lithium ion batteries. The stability of all solid state lithium ion batteries is significantly improved and the capacity of all solid state lithium ion batteries is slowed down after the modification of lithium metal by PEDOT-co-PEG copolymer.
  • Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of Fe3O4/CNTs@Cf composites
    LI Huanran, MA Guansheng, YANG Zhiwei, XIA Long
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4023-4029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.005
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    In order to improve the microwave absorbing properties of traditional carbon materials and obtain microwave absorbing materials with multiple absorbing mechanisms, the Fe3O4/CNTs@Cf composites were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and solvothermal reaction. The microwave absorbing properties of the composites were studied, and the formation mechanism and absorption mechanism of the composite were analyzed. The reflection loss can reach -43.02 dB in C band. With the further increase of Fe3O4 nanoparticles content, the microwave absorption performance of the composite decreases.
    • Review & Advance
  • The effect of silver powder properties on solar cell paste
    DONG Yi, GUO Shaoqing, LI Xin, DONG Hongyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4030-4037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.006
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    As an effective substitute for traditional fossil energy, solar cells have attracted wide attention from scholars. As one of the main raw materials of crystalline silicon solar cells, the quality of silver paste affects the photoelectric conversion rate and the levelized cost of energy. Silver powder is the conductive phase in the paste, whose performance plays a key role in the electrical properties, fluidity and adhesion of the paste. In recent years, the research work in the field of silver powder finds that the shape, size, dispersion, particle size distribution and tap density of silver powder have an effect on the electrical properties of conductive paste. Studies have shown that silver powders with different shapes and particle sizes are the main factors determining the properties of paste conductivity and sintering quality. The tap density of the silver powder affects the compactness of the sintered thick film and the photoelectric conversion of the battery. In the preparation of silver powder, the selection of dispersants will affect the dispersibility of the silver powder, thereby affecting the fineness, adhesion and electrical resistivity of the paste.
  • Research progress on cavitation erosion resistance coatings of material surfaces
    LIU Zhiqiang, ZHANG Zhijia, WEI Hao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4038-4045. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.007
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    Cavitation erosion is widely found in ocean platforms, marine machinery and energy power generation, which has not only caused huge economic losses, but also become the safety hazard of relevant employees. In this paper, the research progress of cavitation erosion resistant coating material technology is summarized. The cavitation erosion resistant metal coating technology and cavitation erosion resistant polymer coating technology are mainly introduced. Finally, the existing problems and future development of cavitation erosion resistance materials are prospected.
  • Preparation and application of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide
    NI Zhewei, SHEN Yong, CHEN Mingyang, XIANG Guanghong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4046-4053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.008
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    Two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide has attracted the domestic and foreign researchers for the extraordinary layer structure, tunable gap, stabled physical and chemical properties. The latest progress of the two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide is summarized, and the crystal structure, optical properties and band structure of the tungsten disulfide are primarily introduced. And then the preparation method of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide is listed, and the application of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide in the field of photocatalyst, photo detector, lubricant, and field effect transistor is summarized. Eventually, the challenges and opportunities of two-dimensional nano tungsten disulfide are prospected.
  • Progress in preparation and application of metal supported biochar catalysts
    ZENG Zihong, TIAN Xiaojie, WANG Yunpu, ZHANG Shumei, LIU Yuhuan, Roger Ruan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4054-4061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.009
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    Metals are widely used in the field of catalysis because of their high activity and selectivity. In recent years, the deactivation and poisoning of metal catalysts have seriously affected the development of catalytic technology. Therefore, researchers are looking for inert materials with high specific surface area, high porosity, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical stability as carriers. Biochar is rich in functional groups on its surface, and it can be used as a carrier to support metal catalyst to alleviate metal agglomeration and effectively promote various catalytic reactions. This article reviews the research progress of metal-loaded biochar catalysts, briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of different carbonization methods of metal-biochar catalysts, analyzes the effects of different modification treatments on catalytic performance, and reviews its use in biodiesel and bio-oil extraction, industrial applications in the fields of catalysis, such as quality, hydrogenation, tar cracking and electrochemistry. The possible mechanism of action in each catalytic reaction is analyzed, and references for the promotion of domestic metal-loaded biochar catalyst research and industrial development are provided.
  • Research progress of refractory high-entropy alloys
    ZHANG Han, AI Yunlong, CHEN Weihua, LIANG Bingliang, HE Wen, ZHANG Jianjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4062-4070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.010
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    High entropy alloys are emerging field in recent years. Different from traditional alloys, they are generally composed of five or more major elements, with the content of each principal element ranging from 5% to 35% (atomic fraction). Many elements are disordered but have simple phase structure. High entropy alloys have obvious advantages and huge development space. Refractory metal based refractory high entropy alloys have great concern in recent years. Refractory metal alloy with three or more high entropy is called refractory high entropy alloys. Due to the high melting point of refractory metal, the refractory high entropy alloys show good high temperature mechanical properties, high temperature oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, which are welcomed by the mass and expected to replace the traditional high temperature alloy. In this paper, the preparation method, phase structure, mechanical properties, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of refractory high entropy alloys are described in detail. Finally, the development of refractory high entropy alloys are prospected.
  • Progress in modification of biomass straw and application of foaming materials
    BAO Yuanyuan, PANG Shaofeng, ZHAO Xiangfei, SUN Wanhong, SUN Chufeng, SU Qiong, WANG Yanbin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4071-4082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.011
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    In recent years, synthetic foaming materials have been widely used. Because of its non-degradability and flammability, it leads to a series of environmental problems. Foaming materials based on plant fibers have biodegradability, recyclability and richness, and have the potential to replace traditional plastic analogues. The development and application of biomass foaming materials can improve the utilization rate of resources, further alleviate the pressure of resource shortage, and meet the needs of the market, which is of great economic and social significance. In this paper, the effects of modification on the properties of foaming materials are reviewed, with emphasis on the different modification methods of biomass cellulose and lignin and the application of foaming materials, as well as the application prospect of biomass foaming materials.
  • Research progress of laser cladding nickel base tungsten carbide coating
    JING Peiyao, WANG Haijun, CHEN Wengang, CHEN Long, YIN Hongze, WU Huajie, SONG Wentao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4083-4089. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.012
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    Laser cladding is a technology to realize the metallurgical combination of the cladding layer and the matrix in the surface cladding material with high energy density laser beam as heat source to achieve the modification or repair purpose. Nickel-based tungsten carbide coating prepared by laser cladding is widely used in industry because of its high hardness, excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Firstly, the characteristics and properties of nickel base tungsten carbide coating are introduced. Then, the factors affecting the properties of nickel-based tungsten carbide coating are classified and summarized from the three aspects of process parameters, WC content and the addition of nano WC particles. At the same time, the distribution inhomogeneity of unmelted WC particles in nickel-based tungsten carbide coating is the main defect affecting the overall performance of the coating at present. This paper systematically analyzes several methods to improve this defect. Finally, the future research emphasis of nickel base tungsten carbide coating is prospected.
  • Construction of polymer-based carbon nanocomposites for electromagnetic shielding
    CUI Jian, ZHENG Yuanyuan, WANG Libing, ZHAO Shuai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4090-4097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.013
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    With the rapid development of communication technology and electronic equipment, electromagnetic pollution has affected the normal operation of electronic equipment and the safety of human life. Therefore, the development of electromagnetic shielding materials is of great scientific significance. In recent years, polymer-based carbon nanocomposites have developed rapidly in the field of electromagnetic shielding, showing many excellent properties, which have attracted wide attention in academic circles. Based on our group's understanding and research in the field of electromagnetic shielding, this paper briefly introduces the principle of electromagnetic shielding and the preparation methods of polymer-based carbon nanocomposites, with emphasis on the research progress of polymer-based carbon nanocomposites prepared by backfilling method. finally, the future development trend and application of electromagnetic shielding materials are prospected.
  • Research progress of magnetic porous carbon materials
    ZHUANSUN Menglin, HE Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4098-4104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.014
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    Magnetic porous carbon materials have both magnetic and porous properties. They have many excellent properties, such as rich pore structure, high specific surface area, high pore volume, good active sites and magnetic separability, which can solve the problems of difficult separation and recovery of porous carbon materials in the application process. Therefore, magnetic porous carbon materials have been widely used in the field of adsorption. The magnetic porous carbon materials are classified according to their pore size, magnetic strength and combination. And the preparation methods and adsorption applications of magnetic porous carbon materials in recent years are reviewed. Finally, the application prospects of magnetic porous carbon materials are prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Effect of calcium carbonate on the preparation of porous glass-ceramics from phosphorus slag and coal gangue
    GUAN Yanmei, CHEN Wei, SUN Daosheng, LIU Kaiwei, LI Ping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4105-4109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.015
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    Porous glass-ceramics is a lightweight functional material suitable for thermal and acoustic insulation, since they possess a low thermal conductivity, good mechanical property, high permeability and chemical inertness. In order to develop the applications of phosphorus slag and coal gangue and expand the range of raw materials for the preparation of porous glass-ceramics, porous glass-ceramics is prepared by sintering method with phosphorus slag and coal gangue as the source of CaO and Al2O3 and calcium carbonate as foamer. The slag utilization rate reaches 100%. Effects of the foamer on the bulk density, pore size, porosity, crystalline structure, microstructure and compressive strength of the porous glass-ceramics are investigated by means of X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and Archimedes method. The experiment results show that calcium carbonate increasing from 2wt% to 6wt% makes the foaming process easier and the pore size get more uniform. Consequently, the bulk density decreases, while the porosity increases. However, with increasing calcium carbonate from 6 wt% to 12 wt%, the pore size distribution becomes extremely uneven. The crystallinity and compressive strength of the porous glass-ceramics increases first and then decreases with the increasing of calcium carbonate contents. The homogenous porous structures and optimal comprehensive properties achieve with 4wt%-8wt% CaCO3 addition, including a bulk density of 0.86-0.92 g/cm3 , porosity of 60.7%-70.3%, and compressive strength of 7.89-15.11 MPa. The experimental compositions allow recycling industry wastes to produce porous glass-ceramics with suitable properties with environmental benefits.
  • Study on the Terahertz modulation by themagnetic anisotropy in FeNHf soft magnetic film
    ZHAO Lei, TAN Yang, ZHANG Qing, XING Yuanyuan, ZHANG Xiaoyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4110-4113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.016
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    In this paper, the FeNHf soft magnetic nano-film with the high magnetic anisotropy is fabricated. The influence of microstructures, magnetic performance, microwave magnetic dynamic behaviors and magnetic anisotropy on THz wave transmission properties have been addressed. The permeability of the FeNHf film is 410 in the hard axis and there is no permeability signal in the easy axis. The anisotropic field is 2537.65 A/m. The resonance frequency of the FeNHf film appears at 1.04 THz in the THz transmission curve. The experimental results show that the resonance frequency shifts 0.03 THz and exhibits a tunability of about 3% at the frequency of 1.04 THz, when the direction of the magnetization is parallel and perpendicular to the THz magnetic field, respectively. The response time of the soft magnetic film in the THz region is in the lower limit of the time scale of spin precession. The change of refractive index in the THz transmission is induced by the tunable magnetic anisotropy, which results in the change of the resonance frequency of FeNHf film in the THz region.
  • Effect of Cr3C2-NiCr coating on wear resistance and corrosion resistance of hydraulic machinery materials
    GONG Lida, LIU Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4114-4119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.017
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    With A3 steel as the matrix material and UDS-200 automatic explosive spraying system as spraying equipment, five kinds of Cr3C2-NiCr coating samples with different porosity are sprayed on the surface of A3 steel by different spraying power. The surface morphology and microhardness of Cr3C2-NiCr coating samples are studied by FE-SEM and microhardness tester. The effects of Cr3C2-NiCr coating samples on the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of hydraulic machinery materials are studied by friction and wear test and neutral salt spray corrosion test. The results show that the wear marks on the surface of Cr3C2-NiCr coating are smoother than those on the other parts after friction and wear, and the wear marks show clear stripes. The friction coefficient of Cr3C2-NiCr coating samples increases first and then decreases with a small fluctuation range of increase and decrease, and the friction coefficient is basically stable at about 0.6. Cr3C2-NiCr coating is a brittle material, and its mass wear rate is directly proportional to friction angle and friction speed, but inversely proportional to friction temperature. The higher the porosity, the worse the wear resistance. The higher the porosity of Cr3C2-NiCr coating, the worse the corrosion resistance. With the increased of porosity, the weight loss and weight loss rate of Cr3C2-NiCr coating samples increase. The more spraying layers, the lower the corrosion rate and the better corrosion resistance of Cr3C2-NiCr coating, which could better protect hydraulic machinery materials from corrosion by medium.
  • Preparation and properties of FeNi nanoparticle films with high density
    OU Xiulong, GONG Chengyi, WANG Shaoming, WANG Guoqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4120-4125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.018
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    The nanoparticle size of the thin films prepared by traditional magnetron sputtering equipment is non-uniform and difficult to control. Fe50Ni50 nanoparticle films with a particle size of about 6 nm are prepared on Si(100) substrates by electric field-assisted deposition. An electric field of 5~30 kV is applied on the deposition platform during the film's manufacture to obtain high stacking density and superior in plane soft magnetic properties in the films. The structure and magnetic properties of the films are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The microwave permeability spectra over the frequency range of 0.5~5.5 GHz are measured by a shorted microstrip transmission line perturbation method. The results show that all samples exhibited a high stacking density has significant effect on improvement of saturation magnetization for our samples. Based on the results of the microwave permeability spectra, it is found that the samples with higher saturation magnetization have excellent microwave response. These results indicate that magnetic softness and microwave behavior of FeNi nanoparticle films can be modulated by applying electric field during deposition.
  • Effect of orientation magnetic field intensity on the magnetomechanical performance of magnetorheological elastomers
    GUO Ziyao, GAO Wei, YANG Yumei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4126-4131. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.019
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    In order to investigate the influence of orientation magnetic field on the magnetomechanical properties of magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) during preparation, two types of magnetorheological elastomers with different matrix characteristics are prepared. The mechanical properties of the prepared samples have been systematically studied. The results show that with the increase of the orientation magnetic field and the content of silicone oil, the chain arrangement of the magnetically sensitive particles in the MRE becomes more obvious. The magnetic shear modulus and the magnetorheological effect of the prepared materials increase with the increase of the orientation magnetic field. It increases with the increase of the content of silicone oil, and its increasing trend becomes more significant. The loss factor of the magnetorheological elastomer gradually increases with the increase of the orientation magnetic field, and the loss factor is almost unchanged when the orientation magnetic field is higher than 250mT. The related results can provide a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of magnetorheological elastomers.
  • SO2 poisoning mechanism of Fe-Mn/TiO2 catalyst for low-temperature NH3-SCR deniteation
    WEI Yonglin, CHEN Hongping, HOU Xinxin, YANG Xu, LI Zeqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4132-4139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.020
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    Fe-Mn/TiO2 denitration catalysts have high low-temperature activity and thermal stability, but poor resistance to SO2 and cannot meet the requirements of industrial applications. There is no clear result on SO2 poisoning sites and mechanisms. Fe-Mn/Ti, Fe/Ti and Mn/Ti are prepared by impregnation method, and the catalysts are presulfided in SO2 or NH3-SCR atmosphere. The samples before and after presulfidation are characterization by methods of TPD, H2-TPR, XRD, FTIR, XPS, etc. It reveals that Ti is sulfated after prevulcanization of all the Ti, Fe/Ti, Mn/Ti and Fe-Mn/Ti catalysts, and the poisoning of the presulfided catalyst is more serious in the NH3-SCR atmosphere than in the SO2 atmosphere. The complex oxide formed by Fe and Mn in the Fe-Mn/TiO2 changes the existence state of Mn and inhibits sulfation of Mn, but it cannot prevent the sulfation of Ti. Therefore, the anti-toxicity of the catalyst must not only prevent the active component from being poisoned, but also the carrier.
  • Effect of curing age and light types on the performance of Rhodamine B degraded by cement mortar with nano-TiO2
    JIANG Xiaozhi, WANG Gongxun, LIU Fucai, DENG Jing, XIAO Min, QU Feng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4140-4146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.021
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    Cement mortar with nano-TiO2 is prepared by dry mixing. The mechanical properties of mortar is tested, and the influence of TiO2 content, curing age, light types and intensity on the degradation performance of Rhodamine B are studied. The results show that the degradation rate of Rhodamine B by the mortar increases with the increase of TiO2 content, while the strength of mortar increases first and then decreases. Compared with the specimens with curing age of 3 d, the degradation efficiency of cement mortar with 5% TiO2 at the curing age of 28 d and 180 d decreases by 7.84% and 11.21% respectively. The total degradation rate of rhodamine B by mortar does not change obviously with the light intensity of light source type, but its degradation rate increases significantly with the increase of ultraviolet light intensity. Under the same conditions of wavelength (λ of 365 nm) and light irradiation time (60 min), compared with 20 w ultraviolet lamp, the degradation rate of rhodamine B by cement mortar with 5% TiO2 under 200 W ultraviolet lamp irradiation increases by about 80%. Compared with sunlight, the degradation rate of Rhodamine B by the mortar under the irradiation of 200 W ultraviolet lamp for 60 minutes is 85.54%, which is only reduced by about 1.46%.
  • Study on microstructure of multiphase aluminum hydroxide transition to boehmite phase
    YANG Duo, SHI Zhongxiang, WANG Jing, YU Hongtao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4147-4152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.022
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    Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) powder is synthesized by hydrothermal method using aluminum hydroxide products as raw materials. The effect of the hydrothermal temperature on the crystal structure and morphology are investigated. The crystal structure, morphology and the phase transition process of the samples are discussed detailedly via XRD, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, particle size distribution and TG-DSC. The results indicate that hydrothermal treating temperature plays an important role on obtaining well-crystallized boehmite particles, which is useful for optimizing the synthesis condition. With the increase of hydrothermal treating temperature, the dynamics of material structure transformation are also enhanced, therefore, the phase transition process from multiphase aluminum hydroxide to pure boehmite can be realized. Moreover, the CASTEP program module is used to optimize the geometry of boehmite, bayerite and nordstrdite systems, and the total energy of each system are calculated. The calculation results of total energy indicate that boehmite is steadier than the other two according to energy.
  • Study on the mechanical properties of RPC prepared from iron tailings under standard curing conditions
    TIAN Yaogang, YAN Baobao, CHEN Huikun, HUANG Shan, QI Lin, LI Weiguang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4153-4159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.023
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    This design of iron tailings sand instead of quartz sand is used to prepare RPC under standard maintenance conditions, and the influence of its introduction on the working performance, strength and bending toughness of RPC is studied. Its influence on RPC hydration reaction and microstructure is investigated by XRD and SEM. The results show that under standard curing conditions, the compressive strength and flexural strength of iron tailings sand RPC28 d can reach 124.5 MPa and 26.2 MPa, respectively. The introduction of iron tailings sand can reduce the fluidity, compressive strength and flexural strength of the RPC. ASTM C1609 and JCI SF4 are used to evaluate the bending toughness of iron tailings sand RPC and the toughness indices of I10 and δb are 78.0% and 77.8% of quartz sand RPC. Microscopic analysis shows that an appropriate amount of iron tailings can promote cement hydration reaction and the hydration reaction can be adversely affected if the amount of iron ore tailings continues increasing.
  • Kinetic mechanism and density functional theory of Hg0 removal by Cu0-loaded magnetic Ferrosilicon
    ZHOU Fashan, DIAO Yongfa, YANG Bingwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4160-4165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.024
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    The FeSi, the nano-copper and the silica-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nano-particles were mixed and calcinated at 300 ℃ by powder metallurgy method to prepare a novel magnetic sorbent (MagFeSi-Cu0). The intra-particle diffusion model, quasi-second-order kinetic model, Elovich model and Bangham model were used to analyze the control steps in the process of Hg0 removal. On this basis, according to density functional theory (DFT), the amalgam interaction mechanism of Cu0 atoms and Hg0 atoms on the FeSi surface at different reaction temperatures was studied. The research results showed that the fitting value of Bangham model and the experimental value of mercury adsorption was the highest. The adsorption of trace Hg0 on the surface of MagFeSi-Cu0 was controlled by the external diffusion and copper amalgam. In addition, it was found that the adsorption energy of Cu-Hg on the surface of Cu0 was -0.534 eV. When the temperature of flue gas rose from 80 ℃ to 200 ℃, the adsorption energy of Hg0 dropped from -22.47 kJ/mol to -13.9 6kJ/mol. These results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanism of Hg0 on Cu(111) surface.
  • Effect of Co/Ti co-doping on electrochemical performance of LiNiO2 cathode materials
    ZHANG Peiqi, LI Donglin, WANG Ziyun, LI Tongxin, REN Xuqiang, KONG Xiangze
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4166-4173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.025
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    In this paper, we have synthesized Co-Ti co-doped layered LiNi0.82Co0.15Ti0.03O2 cathode material by a sol-gel method. The effects of the element -doping on the structure and electrochemical properties of the layered LiNiO2 cathode material were studied. XRD and XPS analyses showed that the cation mixing of Li+ and Ni2+ ions in the Li layer in the LiNiO2 crystal lattice can be effectively suppressed by a Co-Ti co-doping. By measuring the electrochemical properties of different as-synthesized LiNiO2 based materials, it is found that the rate performance of LiNiO2 cathode materials can be significantly improved by single element Co-doping, while the cycle stability of LiNiO2 cathode materials can be enhanced by single element Ti-doping. Furthermore, the rate capability and cycle stability of LiNiO2 were improved through the synergistic effect of Co-Ti co-doping. The capacity retention of LiNi0.82Co0.15Ti0.03O2 cathode material was still as high as 94.4% after 200 cycles at the current density of 200 mA/g, while the capacity retention of undoped LiNiO2 material was only 57.1%. At the same time, the discharge capacity of Co and Ti co-doped LiNiO2 cathode materials can still be maintained at 100 mAh/g under the current density of 1000 mA/g.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and properties of polybutadiene rubber fibers by solution blowing
    WU Xiaozhuang, LI Dawei, ZHANG Xiaofeng, DENG Bingyao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4174-4178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.026
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    The feasibility of preparing polybutadiene rubber (BR) fibers is explored by solution blow spinning and UV curing methods. The effects of the concentration of spinning solution and crosslinking agent on the morphology and diameter of the fibers are investigated. The results showed that the uncrosslinked BR fiber could not keep the shape of round, and the fiber is coarse and have a lot of beads. The optimum spinning solution concentration is 6 wt%. UV crosslinking can significantly improve the morphology of BR fiber. The fineness of the crosslinked BR fiber is fine, showing a smooth cylindrical shape, and the adhesion between fibers is reduced. When the concentration of crosslinking agent is 12 wt%, the BR fibers are the finest with an average diameter of 2.41 μm. After soaked in tetrahydrofuran solution for 24 hours, the fiber morphology remains good. The crosslink density increases with increase of the content of crosslinking agent.
  • Preparation and characterization of photodegradable phenol by rGO/Mo@TiO2 nanocomposite
    XIE Xinying, LI Juan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4179-4183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.027
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    TiO2 and Mo@ TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared by sol-gel method and rGO/TiO2 and rGO/Mo@TiO2 composite materials are prepared by deposition of TiO2 and M0@TiO2 nanoparticles on GO by liquid phase deposition method. SEM,XRD,XPS,FT-IR and Raman spectra are used to study the morphology, crystal structure, ionic state and composite of the TiO2,Mo@TiO2,rGO/TiO2 and rGO/Mo@TiO2 samples. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of the samples are measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results show that TiO2 in all samples prepared by the experiment is anatase type, and most of GO is reduced to rGO. The UV-Vis absorption spectra band of the Mo@TiO2,rGO/TiO2 and rGO/Mo@TiO2 samples move to the visible region, and the visible light utilization rate of the nanocomposites is significantly improved. With the introduction of Mo and rGO, the spectral intensities of Ti2p and Mo3d are decreased, and the XPS spectra are red shifted, which leads to the change of the chemical environment on the surface of TiO2, and the characteristic peaks shift to the higher binding energy. SEM analysis shows that there is a good interaction between rGO and TiO2, and after the Mo@TiO2 particles are deposited on the surface of RGO, the morphology of the particles remains unchanged and rGO/Mo@TiO2 nanocomposites is formed. The photocatalytic activity of the rGO/Mo@TiO2 nanocomposites is the highest, and the degradation rate of p-NP at 3 h is 84%, while that of TiO2, rGO/TiO2 and Mo@TiO2 degradation rates of p-NP at 3h are 26%, 42% and 61%, respectively.
  • Preparation of magnetic porous carbon from Salix and adsorption properties for methylene blue
    WEN Junfeng, LIU Xia, MA Xiangrong, DANG Rui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4184-4191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.028
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    The magnetic porous carbon composites (nano-Fe3O4/SAC) are prepared by nano-Fe3O4 modified salix activated carbon via in-situ hydrothermal method. The adsorption performance of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution on nano-Fe3O4/SAC is studied. The results of XRD, SEM, FT-IR, XPS and BET revealed that the surface of the magnetic composite is loose and porous, with a specific surface area of 63.01 m2/g and rich functional groups such as -COOH and -OH. When the initial concentration of methylene blue is 50 mg/L, the pH is 11, dosage of Nano-Fe3O4 /SAC is 2 g/L, and the adsorption time is 120 min at 25 ℃, the MB removal rate could reach over 88.52%, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 218.08 mg/g. The adsorption process fits well with Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and Pseude-secondary kinetics model. The adsorption is mainly chemical adsorption with stable adsorption and no secondary pollution. The adsorbent is cheap, easy to obtain and easy to separate, which is an ideal reagent for methylene blue wastewater treatment.
  • Improvement of visible light photocatalytic activity of nano ZnO and its performance for organic pollutants degradation
    CHEN Haiyan , HU Haiping , GAN Jianchang , HUANG Zhen , LI Huan , LIU Xiaokai , WANG Huihu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4192-4200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.029
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    Due to its wide band gap, the semiconductor ZnO has poor visible light photocatalytic activity. In this paper, N-doping, carbon coating, noble metal modification and semiconductor coupling are used to improve the visible light photocatalytic activity of ZnO. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is compared by different materials with Rhodamine B as degradation pollutant model. The results show that the visible light absorption of N-ZnO photocatalyst prepared by hydrothermal method is enhanced in contrast to that of pure ZnO. The C@N-ZnO sample prepared by hydrothermal carbonation of glucose exhibits strong adsorption capacity for organic pollutants. The Au/C@N-ZnO sample obtained by precious metal deposition and CdS/Au/C@N-ZnO prepared by semiconductor coupling show the further enhanced absorption capacity in the visible light region. Photoluminescence and transient fluorescence spectra demonstrate that oxygen defects, precious metal deposition, and semiconductor coupling can effectively improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, thereby improving the photodegradation efficiency of the photocatalysts. The photocatalytic mechanism is also discussed. The reaction rate for Rhodamine B degradation over CdS/Au/C@ N-ZnO is 6.7 times of pure ZnO.
  • Solvothermal synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and its regulation mechanism
    LI Yonggui, WU Yilin, SONG Xiaolei , MA Wenxiao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4201-4207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.030
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    In order to explore the synthesis process of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the solvothermal method is used to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their reaction conditions are adjusted. The surface morphology, composition structure and crystal structure are characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer, respectively. Its magnetic property is tested by vibrating sample magnetometer. The regulation mechanism of reaction time, reaction temperature and polyethylene glycol (PEG) dosage is investigated. The results show that the optimal synthesis conditions are reaction time of 12 h, reaction temperature of 200 ℃ and PEG content of 1 mmol. The prepared product has uniform size, stable morphology and good dispersibility. The particles are about 400 nm in diameter and has good magnetic property.
  • Research of the synthesis and properties of benzthiadiazole-based non-covalent conformational locking small molecular
    WANG Yingying, QIN Hongmei, WANG Mei, LI Yuxiang, SUN Daotong, YANG Jianye
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4208-4213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.031
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    In recent years, fused-ring compounds have achieved remarkable results in the field of organic optoelectronic materials. In this paper, two novel benzothiadiazole (BT) –based conjugated non-covalently bonded ring small molecular compounds with the electron-absorbing groups fluorine and cyanogroup as ending-group, namely BT2T-IC and BT2T-IC4F, were synthesized successfully by Still coupling and Knoevengel condensation reaction , respectively. On the one hand, S…O and O…H can be used to form non-covalent bond conformation lock in molecules to promote the planarity of molecules. On the other hand, intramolecular charge transfer can be enhanced by increasing the electron-lack of the end group. Under the synergistic action, the spectral absorption of the two new small molecular compounds is broadened to the near infrared region, which is conducive to obtaining a wide spectral response. Their molecular structures were characterized by NMR, and their photophysics and electrochemical properties were investigated by density functional theory (DFT)calculations, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry experiments.
  • Preparation and application of vinyl collagen microspheres
    XU Na, XING Yanmei, WANG Xuechuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2021, 52(4): 4214-4220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2021.04.032
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    In order to obtain the collagen microspheres with “-C=C-”, the collagen was modified by methacrylate anhydride, and then the modified collagen was prepared into vinyl collagen microspheres(CMAs) by the emulsion-crosslinking method and the microspheres were applied to nylon substrate.The preparation conditions of CMAs were studied. The vinyl-collagen microspheres and vinyl-collagen microspheres/nylon were characterized by the Fourier infrared spectrum(FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle sizer.The results show that when the concentration of vinyl collagen was 15%, the stirring speed was 800 r/min, the dosage of cross-linking agent was 0.8 mL, the water/oil ratio was 1∶5, and the emulsifier dosage was 2%, the average particle size of CMAs was 21.204 μm, and had regular morphology, good roundness, smooth surface.The contact Angle results show that the nylon modified with microspheres can change from hydrophobic fabric to hydrophilic fabric, and the prepared fabric had better hydrothermal stability.
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