30 November 2020, Volume 51 Issue 11
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
  • Effect of excitation magnetic field and iron powder content on sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam
    LI Zhaochun, WANG Caiping, ZHAO Yuchen, ZHANG Jiahua, WANG Xiaojie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11001-11007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.001
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    The new polyurethane foam with magnetic particles has become a new research focus in the field of multifunctional acoustic materials because of its excellent sound absorption properties and controllable properties as a smart material. The sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam are closely related to the preparation of raw materials and preparation conditions. However, there are no consistent and complete conclusions about the influence of iron powder content and excitation magnetic field on the sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam. In this paper, 10 kinds of magnetic polyurethane foam samples with 3 different magnetic particle percentages of 15wt%, 40wt% and 80wt%, are prepared under different excitation conditions of 50 mT, 100 mT, 150 mT and 200 mT, respectively. The purpose of this study is to study the influence of magnetic field strength and iron powder content on the sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam. The sound absorption coefficient curves of each sample in the frequency range of 64~1 600 Hz were obtained by using impedance tube and transfer function method. The results show that increasing the content of iron powder can improve the sound absorption coefficient band as a whole within the test frequency, while the increase of magnetic field leads to the right shift of sound absorption coefficient curve and increase the peak value of sound absorption coefficient. The iron powder content of the raw material and the excitation magnetic field intensity affect the sound absorption properties of magnetic polyurethane foam comprehensively, and the sound absorption coefficient frequency characteristics of magnetic polyurethane foam can be designed according to application requirements.
  • Research progress on wet recovery of rare metal materials palladium
    XIAO Zhongliang, ZENG Chao, LIU Pei, WU Daoxin, SONG Liubin, CAO Zhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11008-11016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.002
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    The wet recovery methods for recovering precious metal palladium from different wastes were reviewed, and the important value of palladium recovery was clear, but there are problems of complex system components, extremely low content and direct discharge without treatment resulting in waste of resources. According to the different recovery mechanism of wet process, the wet recovery methods were classified and described by adsorption method, ion exchange method, complexation-extraction method, precipitation method and so on. Among the four methods, the application of the adsorption method was gradually increasing, so the adsorption method was mainly introduced in detail. Adsorption materials could be divided into metal oxide composite adsorbent materials, carbon-based composite adsorbent materials, MOFs composite adsorbent materials and biomass composite adsorbent materials. The composite adsorbent was usually compounded with functional ligands and carriers by grafting or impregnation methods, so it had higher adsorption capacity and selectivity than ordinary adsorbents, and showed fast adsorption.It pointed out that in the future development direction, in order to promote the high selectivity and high recovery rate of the noble metal palladium recovery, the adsorption method would become the first choice, and at the same time, the recycling could be green.
  • Technology of manufacturing sintering-expanded ceramsite from sediments
    LIANG Biao, CAI Desuo, MO Chongxun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11017-11024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.003
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    As a kind of solid waste with high utilization value, the research on the ceramicization of dredged sediments has attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the mechanism of preparing sintered-expanded ceramsite from dredged sediments was expounded, the relationship between pelletizing mode, drying process, preheating parameters, baking parameters and ceramsite performance was discussed, the principle of heavy metal solidification in the process of sintering-expanded ceramsite from sediments was analyzed, the application of sintered-expanded ceramsite from sediments in water treatment filter material, building material and other aspects was introduced, showing its application effect in engineering is significant. The lack of corresponding specifications at the present stage was pointed out. However, its prospect would be expected.
  • Preparation of Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieve and its adsorption of basic dyes
    ZHANG Jianmin, LIU Yue, LI Hongji
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11025-11030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.004
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    Acid-base modification of attapulgite was used to extract silicon source, and CTAB was used as the template agent to prepare MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve by hydrothermal synthesis.It laid the foundation for the next step in the preparation of modified molecular sieve.Then, the TiO2 sol prepared by the sol-gel method was used as the Ti source, and the prepared MCM-41 was used as the carrier. The modified mesoporous molecular sieve Ti-MCM-41 was successfully synthesized by the equal volume dipping method.The characterization methods used in this experiment include N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD and UV-Vis spectra, mainly for the modified Ti-MCM-41 sample characterization and characterization result analysis. Moreover, the prepared mesoporous molecular sieve was applied to the adsorption experiment of basic dye MB. The effect of the adsorption time of mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 and Ti-MCM-41 on the adsorption process was studied. It was found that Ti-MCM-41 had better adsorption performance. And the adsorption kinetics and isothermal curve model of the modified molecular sieve Ti-MCM-41 were also conducted. The results showed that the adsorption of Ti-MCM-41 to MB conformed to a quasi-second-order kinetic curve and belonged to the Freundlich type adsorption isotherm, which proved that the modified molecular sieve was mainly multi-molecular layer adsorption, accompanied by monomolecular layer adsorption.
  • Research progress of graphene and its composite ink used in flexible printed electronics
    QU Yifei, WANG Qi, DAI Hongqi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11031-11041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.005
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    With the rapid development of printing and electronic industry, it has become a hot research topic to find conductive ink that can meet requirements of products as many as possible, simplify the process and control the cost. Graphene, with its excellent conductivity, thermodynamics, optics and mechanical properties, endows flexible electronic products with higher flexibility and easy processing, which ensures the conductivity and reduces the cost. In this paper, the preparation methods of graphene ink, and the various means of graphene conductive ink adhering to substrate, as well as the existing problems were briefly introduced. The new development of graphene and its related derivative-based conductive inks were emphatically introduced.
    • Review & Advance
  • The preparation of silver nanoparticles and its application in conductive paste
    GUO Shaoqing, DONG Yi, SUN Wanxing, LIU Yang, DONG Hongyu, Li Xin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11042-11051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.006
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    Silver nanoparticles with nanometer size effect can improve the low temperature sintering properties, rheological properties and conductive performance of conductive paste. The addition of silver nanoparticles in the conductive paste become the hotspot of research and development for conductive paste.In this paper, the preparation method of silver nanoparticles was summarized, including physical method, chemical method, and biological method. The application in the solar cell conductive silver paste, conductive adhesive of electronic components connection and conductive ink was described.With the flexible printing electronic technology development as well as the heterojunction and thin film solar cells development, the nano conductive powder of silver would be the trend of the conductive paste.
  • Graphene/porous carbon-based composites:design synthesis and energy storage applications
    FANG Hua, MENG Fanteng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11052-11059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.007
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    Carbon materials such as graphene and porous carbon have been widely used in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Graphene/porous carbon-based composites with synergistic effect can give full play to the advantages of graphene and porous carbon, and exhibited excellent electrochemical performance as electrode materials of energy storage equipment. The research progress of binary/ternary composites of graphene and porous carbon in recent years was reviewed. A systematic elaboration was made mainly from the aspects of synthesis method, carbon precursor, structure design, structure-activity relationship and application in different energy storage devices. Finally, the research direction was prospected for graphene/porous carbon-based composites.
  • Research progress on synthesis of ferrite materials by synergistic utilization of polymetallic associated mineralresources and their applications
    GAO Jianming, DU Zongyuan, MA Shujia, CHENG Fangqin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11060-11068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.008
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    Due to the current shortage of mineral resources, the efficient and clean utilization of mineral resources is an urgent requirement for the sustainable development of the national economy. Ferrite materials are widely used in various fields such as electronic telecommunications, catalysis, medicine, and new energy due to their unique electromagnetic properties. Therefore, the synergistic utilization of polymetallic associated mineral resources to prepare ferrite materials has become one of the important ways for their clean and efficient utilization. On the basis of summarizing the structure, performance, application and synthesis methods of ferrite materials, the composition and mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic associated mineral resources such as manganese-containing minerals, laterite nickel ore, magnesite were analyzed in detail,and the research progress on the synergistic utilization of these mineral resources for the preparation of ferrite materials and their applications was further reviewed in this paper.The technical strategies and routes adopted for the preparation of ferrite materials from mineral resources with different characteristics of chemical compositions and mineral phases were summarized.The discipline of metal elements in the process of conversion and utilization were analyzed as well the mechanism of mineralogy regulation.The influence rule and control mechanism of trace elements on the structure and properties of ferrite materials were illustrated. This review might provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient and clean utilization of mineral resources and the low-cost synthesis of ferrite materials.
  • Progress on preparation of WO3 thin film based on flexible substrates and their electrochromic devices
    WEN Zhe, WANG Meihan, LEI Hao, HUANG Yibo, MA Jiayu, HOU Zhaoxia, ZHANG Jun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11069-11075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.009
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    The flexible substrates have many good characteristics, such as low cost and strong deformability. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films with excellent electrochromic properties deposited on flexible substrates extends the application of electrochromic devices in wearable electronic devices, anti-glare glasses, and military camouflage. In this paper, different flexible substrates suitable to electrochromic devices were compared. Methods to prepare nanostructured WO3 thin films on flexible substrates were introduced. The electrochromic properties based on WO3 thin films deposited on flexible substrates were reviewed. Finally, problems facing on flexible electrochromic devices were proposed and the future development was prospected.
  • Research progress of initial coulomb efficiency of silicon anode in lithium-ion batteries
    WANG Shuai, SONG Guangsheng, CUIE Wen, MA Yangzhou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11076-11082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.010
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    Silicon is considered to be one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, which has the advantages of high specific capacity, low potential platform and rich reserves. However, the low initial coulomb efficiency limits its application in lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, in this paper, the internal mechanism of low initial coulomb efficiency through literature research was studied, which focused on the review of the methods to improve the initial coulomb efficiency of silicon negative electrode materials from the aspects of coating, pre-lithium, nano technology and electrolyte modification, and the future development trend was also simply prospected.
  • Advances in fabrication and modification of heavy metal adsorbents for sludgebiochar
    ZHAO Weifan, DAI Liang, WANG Gang, WEI Bigui, HAN Tao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11083-11088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.011
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    The rapid pace of social development has made the discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage more and more, and the amount of sludge produced also has increased. At the same time, the risks caused by heavy metals in environment have become increasingly severe. Sludge biochar has developed pore structure and rich functional groups, and chemical properties are stable. Sludge biochar is an adsorption material of heavy metal with excellent performance, and it has the advantages of a wide source of raw materials, low cost and good physical and chemical surface characteristics, so it has broad application prospects in the field of heavy metal environmental remediation. In this article, the sludge biochar fabrication methods about microwave pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization and conventional pyrolysis, as well as physical and chemical modification methods such as acid modification, alkali modification, steam activation modification and impregnation modification were mainly introduced. The status of sludge biochar research was expounded and evaluated, and the main problems actually faced in the pyrolysis preparation and functional modification process and the future development direction were put forward.
  • Research progress on preparation and application of superhydrophobic conductive materials
    LIU Yangchun, XU Lihui, WAN Jing, YUAN Xiaoling, XU Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11089-11095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.012
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    Superhydrophobic conductive materials have both superhydrophobicity and conductivity, and have wide application prospects. In this paper, the basic principles of superhydrophobic conductive materials were introduced. The preparation of superhydrophobic conductive materials was investigated. The main application of superhydrophobic conductive materials was introduced, such as electromagnetic shielding textiles, wearable sensors and de-icing/anti-icing. The difficulties encountered by superhydrophobic conductive materials in practice were briefly summarized and forecasted.
  • Research progress on modification of barium strontium titanate ferroelectric materials
    CHEN Hanxiao, YANG Qihui, SHENG Su
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11096-11102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.013
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    The performance of materials based on barium strontium titanate (BST) in recent years was reviewed. The effects of different preparation conditions, different substrates and doping on the performance of BST were discussed, and the prospect of improving the performance of barium strontium titanate was presented. The electrical properties of BST were affected by physical characteristics. The density and microstructure of BST were affected by controlling the manufacturing process parameters or adding dopants, thereby improving the dielectric properties and further affecting the energy storage density of the material. Bi-doped BST ceramics exhibited typical relaxation properties. The substitution of Zr improved the frequency stability of the dielectric constant and reduced the dielectric loss obviously. The doping of Mn could effectively suppress the dielectric loss, and a proper amount of doping could improve the recoverable energy density and efficiency. Moderate cerium doping was beneficial to improve the dielectric properties. Doping of chlorophyll was expected to reduce the crystal defects and increase the intensity of the material, while improving the reflectivity of the sample.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on mechanical properties of glass fiber composites based on carbon fiber powder modified epoxy resin
    ZHANG Ying, LIU Xiaofeng, YAN Shutao, LI Xin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11103-11109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.014
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    Epoxy resin based glass fiber composites have been widely used because of their good mechanical properties, simple preparation and low cost. However, the problem of lower strength and elastic modulus of glass fiber composites compared with carbon fiber composites, to some extent, has limited their applications in some fields. In this paper, carbon fiber powders were added to epoxy resin to prepare carbon-fiber-powder modified epoxy resin based glass fiber composites, and the influence of the size and the content of the carbon fiber powders on the tensile and bending properties of the composites was studied. The results show that adding carbon fiber powders to epoxy resin could improve the tensile and bending properties of the resultant composites. With the increase in the content of carbon fiber powders, the tensile strength and bending strength of the composites showed the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing. The glass fiber composites with 20% (wt%) carbon fiber powders of the size of #1000 showed the greatest increase in both tensile strength and bending strength, and compared with the glass fiber composites without carbon fiber powders, the tensile strength and the bending strength increased by 67% and 92%, respectively. Therefore, when using carbon fiber powders to modify epoxy resin, the mechanical properties of glass fiber composites could be improved at a lower cost than replacing some glass fibers with continuous carbon fibers, and it was expected that the applications of glass fiber composites could be further extended.
  • Study on the proportion optimization and hydration mechanism of fiber reinforced MgO/SiO2 cement
    LI Linan, QI Jiaying, LIN Zehui, YANG Qihang, LI Chuanwei, WANG Zhiyong, ZHANG Qing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11110-11115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.015
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    The hydration mechanism of fiber-reinforced MgO/SiO2 cement was discussed, and the effect of MgO/SiO2 mixture ratio on the hydration process of the system was studied. The influence of MgO/SiO2 mixing ratio and aging time on the mechanical properties of the material was studied through the tensile/bending strength test. The change rule of the material properties with the MgO/SiO2 mixing ratio was determined and the optimal formula was obtained. The morphology and composition of hydration products of MgO/SiO2 composite were characterized by SEM and FT-IR. The hydration process of MgO/SiO2 cement was studied by pH value and ion concentration characterization. The results showed that the hydration products of the MgO/SiO2 mixed system were Mg(OH)2 and hydrated magnesium silicate gel. The mechanical properties of MgO/SiO2 cement were affected by the interaction of Mg(OH)2 and magnesium silicate hydrate. The 60%MgO-40%SiO2 mixing ratio was the best formulation of the cement composite material. The flexural strength of the 60%MgO-40%SiO2 sample added with lignocellulose fiber was about 9.2 MPa on the first day of aging, which was 26% higher than that of the ordinary cement(7.3 MPa), and the flexural strength was still higher than that of the ordinary cement after 10 days of accelerated aging. It could be seen that the addition of lignocellulosic fiber to MgO/SiO2 could significantly enhance the flexural strength and improve the mechanical properties of MgO/SiO2 cement.
  • Study on the mechanical and corrosion resistance of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete
    HOU Yingying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11116-11120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.016
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    Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (HFRC) was prepared by single and mixed doping of polypropylene fiber (PF) and steel fiber (SF). The compressive strength, impact toughness and sulfate corrosion resistance of fiber reinforced concrete were evaluated by means of hydraulic testing machine, drop weight test and sodium sulfate immersion corrosion. Through the study of water absorption, the corrosion mechanism of fiber reinforced concrete was analyzed. The sulfate corrosion resistance of SF0.5/PF0.3 concrete samples was studied by FT-IR and SEM. The results showed that the mixture of SF and PF could significantly improve the compressive strength and compressive toughness of concrete, and the compressive strength of SF0.5/PF0.2 sample was the highest. With the increase of fiber volume fraction, the toughness of fiber-reinforced concrete increased, the initial crack decreased, and the number of ultimate impact damage increased. The impact resistance of SF1.0/PF0.2 sample was the best, which was 173% higher than that of the ordinary concrete sample without fiber. The higher the water absorption, the worse the sulfate corrosion resistance of concrete. The mixed fiber doping could help to reduce the water absorption and improve the corrosion resistance of concrete to sodium sulfate solution. The 7 d corrosion resistance of SF0.5/PF0.1,SF0.5/PF0.2,SF0.5/PF0.3 and SF1.0/PF0.2 samples was 13.89%,15.45%,17.04% and 15.2% higher than that of ordinary concrete, and the 7 d corrosion resistance of SF0.5/PF0.3 concrete sample was the highest, which could reach 96.11%.
  • Study on preparation and performance of polyaniline using manganese dioxide with different crystal as reactive template for supercapacitors
    MAO Quanyuan, HUANG Liuning, LIANG Guichao, ZENG Jianqiang, GUO Pingsheng, ZHONG Xinxian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11121-11127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.017
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    Two types of manganese dioxide (α-MnO2 and β-MnO2)were prepared by hydrothermal method. Polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterials were preparedby chemical oxidation polymerization in presence of homemade MnO2 or commercial MnO2 as oxidizing agent and sacrificial template. The microstructure and morphology of PANI were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) andthermogravimetric analysis (TG).With a symmetric redox supercapacitor assembled with PANI as active electrode material and 1.0 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solutionas electrolyte, the electrochemical properties of PANI supercapacitors were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant current charge/discharge (GCD) tests. These results show that as-prepared α-MnO2 and β-MnO2 both presented single crystal phase with high yield, high purity and uniform particle size. B-PANI prepared by β-MnO2wasnanofibrous mixed with nanotubes with uniform dispersion and higher crystallinity.
  • Preparation and characterization of oxidized microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan graft copolymer
    CHEN Shuhua, YU Chi, ZHAO Qicheng, XU Lili, SUN Tingting, ZHAN Shiping, WANG Jingchang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11128-11133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.018
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    Using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and chitosan (CS) as raw materials, at first, oxidized microcrystalline cellulose (MCC (O)) was obtained by oxidation of microcrystalline cellulose. Then oxidized microcrystalline cellulose-chitosan graft (CS- g-MCC (O)) was preparedby 1-ethyl- (3-Dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) couple crosslinking agent.The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer, contact angle measuring instrument, differential scanning calorimeter, and XRD diffractometer, to determine whether the grafting was successful. The grafting rate was measuredto investigate changes in water-based, thermal stability, and crystallinity. The results show that the performance of oxidized microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan as monomers was improved by grafting. When the molecular weight of CS was 50,000, the content of oxidized microcrystalline cellulose and chitosan was 1∶2, the content ratio of EDC to NHS was 3∶1,and the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, the grafting rate reached a maximum of 61.2%. Through graft modification, CS and oxidized microcrystalline cellulose couldimprove and promote each other, so as to obtain more excellent biomedical materials.
  • Preparation and characterization of GO/TiO2/Fe3O4 photocatalyst
    JIAO Yurong, YANG Sai, ZHANG Ya, MA Xiangrong, MA Yajun, BAI Xiaohui, XING Yan, GONG Ying, YANG Chaolong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11134-11139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.019
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    In this paper, graphene oxide(GO)was firstly prepared from graphite by a modified Hummers method, GO/TiO2 carrier were prepared by sol-gel method using TBOT as the Ti, and then magnetic photocatalyst GO/TiO2/Fe3O4 composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The composition, morphology and structure of the catalysts were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, SEM and DRS. The catalysts were applied to photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution, and investigated the effect of different catalysts and the dosage of composite catalysis. The experimental results showed that GO/TiO2/Fe3O4 had high photocatalytic activity and good recycling and regeneration ability, the degradation rate of 0.06 g magnetic composite degrading 50 mL 10 mg/L MO solution reached 95.4% within 120 min, and degradation process obeys the first order kinetic model.
  • High temperature stability of Al-Ni-Co nanofibers prepared by selective corrosion
    NI Qian, WU Chuandong, SUN Yao, SU Yin, WANG Yao, GAN Zhanghua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11140-11146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.020
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    In the current paper, AlNi2.5Cox (x=0.1, 0.15, 0.2) alloys with various Co contents were solidified under super-gravity field. The selective corrosion was used to obtain the Al-Ni-Co nano-fibers. The influence of Co content on microstructure and high temperature stability of the Al-Ni-Co nano-fibers was investigated. The results indicated that the refinement of the Al3Ni phase could be obtained with the addition of trace amounts of Co during solidification under super-gravity field. The average size of the Al-Ni-Co nano-fiber was 132 nm with 0.1at.% Co addition. The morphology of the Al-Ni-Co nano-fibers showed the similar after high temperature exposure. The incorporation of Co could enhance the stability during high temperature.
  • Synthesis and electrochemical properties of nickel hydroxide/carbon nitride composites
    HUANG Shicheng, LU Yingdong, HUANG Zuo, ZHANG Beiwei, FANG Zhijie, ZENG Jishu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11147-11151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.021
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    The α-Ni(OH)2/g-C3N4 composite was synthesized by hydrothermal method on the basis of preparation of nano-α-Ni(OH)2 sheet and g-C3N4. Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM), and electrocatalytic performances of materials were investigated by electrochemical workstation. The results showed that the particles of α-Ni(OH)2 were significantly smaller and more evenly dispersed after the combination of g-C3N4. When the content of g-C3N4/α-Ni(OH)2 was 20.6 wt%, the overpotential of the composite was 333.5 mV at the conditions of 10 mA/cm2 current density and 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, significantly better than that of pure g-C3N4 and α-Ni(OH)2. This work provided a possibility for the commercialization of electrocatalytic oxygen production using low-cost Ni(OH)2 instead of noble metal catalyst.
  • Thermal decomposition kinetics of phosphaphenanthrene/epoxy composites
    WANG Jianhang, XU Zhiyan, ZHANG Yupeng, HOU Xueqing, CAI Xiaodong, LI Yumei, PAN Guiying, BAO Dongmei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11152-11158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.022
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    In recent years, phosphaphenanthrene and its derivatives have been widely used in flame retardant epoxy resin (EP) because of their high reactivity and good compatibility in EP. Firstly, the 6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2] oxaphosphinine-6-sulfide (DOPS) was synthesized through the reaction of DOPO and P2S5. Secondly, phosphaphenanthrene/epoxy composites(DOPS/EP) was prepared by adding DOPS to EP. Thirdly, the thermal decomposition process of DOPS/EP was studied by TG/DTG method. Finally, the thermal decomposition kinetics parameters, including the activation energy and pre-exponential factor , the thermal decomposition kinetics mechanism function and reaction order of the decomposition process were calculated by Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Coast-Redfern equation. The results show that the thermal decomposition process of DOPS/EP was divided into two stages, and the thermal decomposition kinectic parameters were EK1(DOPS/EP)=163.82 kJ/mol, lnAK1=35.60, EO1(DOPS/EP)=164.36 kJ/mol, EK2(DOPS/EP)=195.59 kJ/mol, lnAK2=35.67, EO2(DOPS/EP)=196.18 kJ/mol. The thermal decomposition kinetic equation of DOPS/EP could be expressed as g(α)=[-ln(1-α)]4, while the reaction order n=4, and the thermal decomposition mechanism was random nucleation and its subsequent growth.
  • Oxidation kinetics measurement of a new-type Ni-Fe-Cr based superalloy by DSC/TG method
    ZHANG Yubi, LI Zhenjun, YANG Xiaoliang, ZHANG Hongsong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11159-11164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.023
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    Based on Incoloy 925 alloy, Ni-Fe-Cr based alloy is a new type of precipitation hardening superalloy, which is obtained by increasing the contents of Ni, Al and decreasing the contents of Cr and Ti. It is widely used in aerospace and sulfur-containing oil and gas engineering. The oxidation kinetics of Ni-Fe-Cr alloy in air at 800 ℃, 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃ was studied by the methods of DSC/TG, SEM/EDS and XRD. It is found that the initial oxidation stage of the alloy changed with fluctuation at 800 ℃ and 900 ℃, which may be related to the transformation of the precipitated phase γ″-Ni3Nb and plant-like δ-Ni3Nb at these temperature zones. With the stable oxidation film formed, the oxidation mass gain ratio to the time followed a linear growth. When the temperature was 1000 ℃, the oxidation kinetics accorded with the parabolic law, but the initial oxidation rate was higher than the low ones and the oxide film cracked. The surface oxide was mainly composed of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, TiO2 and spinel structure of NiCr2O4 and CrTiO3, while the inner oxide was mainly Al2O3 and TiO2.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete
    GUO Guangling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11165-11170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.024
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    The single concrete has defects such as poor toughness and easy cracking.In order to enhance the application performance of concrete materials,the main solution is to mix steel fiber into concrete to make steel fiber reinforced concrete.In order to verified the effectiveness of this measure,the apparent density method was used to design the mix proportion,and the single concrete specimen and steel fiber reinforced concrete specimen were prepared, and the single concrete specimen was taken as the contrast test group.SEM,XRD and universal testing machine were used to study the cross-section morphology, element composition and mechanical properties of the specimens.In the stage of mechanical property analysis,the mechanical properties of single concrete specimens and steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens under different loads and different steel fiber contents were studied.The results showed that the structure of steel fiber reinforced concrete was uniform and continuous,and had a large specific surface area,the friction of steel fiber surface could be increased after the specimen was stressed.The content of C in steel fiber reinforced concrete increased significantly, accounting for 44%, and the strength grade of steel fiber reinforced concrete increased.Through the study of compressive strength,flexural strength,splitting tensile strength,fracture toughness and elastic modulus,it could be seen that the overall mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens were obviously better than that of single concrete specimens,which showed that steel fiber could effectively enhance the performance of concrete, improved the toughness of concrete and prevented cracks.
  • The effect of Cu/Sn ratio on sputtered Cu2SnS3 thin film
    JIA Hongjie, CHENG Shuying, MA Weimin, HU Sheng, CUI Guangzhou, LIN Zhen, ZHOU Jianfei, ZHONG Shengquan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11171-11174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.025
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    Cu2SnS3 thin films were grown by sulfurization of sputtering stacked metal precursor in a H2S:N2 atmosphere. Different Cu/Sn composition ratios of films were prepared to study the effection of Cu/Sn atomic ratio on the properties of CTS thin films. The microstructures and Cu/Sn composition ratios of the films were characterized with X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The X-ray diffractograms show that the deposited films are exclusively oriented along the (-131) direction. The optical absorption coefficient and band gap of the films were estimated by means of transmission and reflection spectra measured at room temperature. Highly crystallized p-type CTS thin films were achieved when the Cu/Sn ratio is about 1.91. They have high absorption coefficient of 2.07×104 cm-1, suitable carrier concentration 6.6×1018 cm-3, high mobility 5.1 cm2 v-1s-1 and narrow optical band gap 0.97 eV. it is a suitable candidate for thin film solar cell absorber materials.
  • Acetone sensing applications of Sn modified TiO2 porous nanoparticles synthesized via facile hydrothermal method
    WANG Zhe, YIN Wenqiang, XIE Lijuan, YU Chunyi, HAIDRY Azhar Ali
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11175-11181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.026
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    Titanium dioxide, owing to its excellent sensitivity to volatile organic chemicals gases and physicochemical stability, is consideredto be one of the potential candidates for VOCs gases sensing applications. In this work, (1~5 mol%)Sn-doped porous TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method. By testing and studying the acetone sensitivity of Sn-doped TiO2 based gas sensor, in the field of gas sensors, the potential application prospect of Sn-doped porous TiO2 nanoparticles wasproved. For instance, the sensor test shows that Sn-doped significantly decreased the best work temperature. 3 mol % Sn-TiO2 showed high response (SR~42.35), fast response (16 s), recovery (8s) time good selectivity and long-term stability. In order to understand and authenticate the sensing mechanism, the structure and morphology of synthesized Sn-TiO2 NPs were performed by XRD, XPS, SEM and TEM. Furthermore, a plausible sensing mechanism was discussed on basis of the obtained results.
  • Preparation of amphiphilic chitosan drug-loaded nanomicelles and its antibacterial properties against Botrytis Cinerea
    HE Zuyu, LI Puwang, YANG Ziming, WANG Chao, LIU Yunhao, YAO Quansheng, SONG Shuhui, ZHOU Chuang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11182-11188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.027
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    Clove essential oil is a natural and highly effective bacteriostatic agent, but its poor water solubility limits its wide application. In this study, palmitic acid (PA) was used as the hydrophobic group and N-acetyl-L cysteine (NAC) was used as the hydrophilic group to synthesize amphiphilic chitosan derivatives (PA-CS- NAC), and further prepared clove essential oil-amphiphilic chitosan drug-loaded nanomicelles (NMs). Fourier infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy showed that both PA and NAC were successfully grafted onto chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the morphology of NMs showed a uniformly dispersed spherical shape. The research results have shown that clove essential oil-amphiphilic chitosan-loaded nanomicelles had pH-responsive performance at room temperature, and their antibacterial properties against Botrytis Cinerea increased by more than 10% compared with unembedded clove essential oil, where the performance of bacteria was improved significantly.
  • Effect of Nb on M-A Phase Transition Temperature of NiTi Micro-Laser Weld
    SU Qian, YIN Limeng, SUN Songwei, CHEN Yuhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11189-11193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.028
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    In order to obtain a 0.2 mm-thick NiTi shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMA) welded joint with a small difference in phase transformation temperature between the welded metal and the base metal, it will meet the needs of practical applications. In this paper, the Nb element is introduced into the weld by adding welding wire, and the welded joint is aging treated after welding to realize the control of the weld metal phase transition temperature, so that it can reach a level similar to that of the base metal. The results show that the weld metal of NiTi joint with Nb wire is mainly B2 phase, B19'phase, NbTi phase, Nb phase and (NiTi, Nb) solid solution, and Ni4Ti3 phase precipitates from weld metal after PWHT at 600℃. Through the compound method of “adding 0.10mmNb wire+ PWHT at 600 ℃”, weld metal with As and Ms very close to that of NiTi base metal was obtained.
  • The influence of magnesium aluminum silicate coating insulating agents on the properties of iron-silicon alloy magnetic powder cores
    LI Wenchao, LIU Guozhong, ZHANG Gongping, TAN Jie, SHEN Xinmei, ZHENG Cuihong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11194-11199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.029
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    Fe-Si alloy magnetic powder cores prepared by the gas-atomization technology were coated by using a novel insulating agent of layered magnesium aluminum silicate. The effect of the coating insulating agents on surface structure and magnetic properties of the coated Fe-Si alloy magnetic powders was characterized by the technologies of scanning electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The results show that surface coatings on the Fe-Si alloy magnetic powder using the novel coating agent of magnesium aluminum silicate were more uniform and denser without crystallization, in comparison with those using the conventional coating agent of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate. In the frequency range of 1-1000 kHz, the effective magnetic permeability of the magnetic powder cores treated by the two types of insulating agents showed good frequency stability. However, the superposition characteristics, quality factors and power loss of the magnetic powder cores coated by magnesium aluminum silicate were superior to the equivalent parameters of those by caluminumdihydrogen phosphate.
  • Electrochemical corrosion and friction behavior of TC4 alloy in H2SO4 solution
    FAN Yalong, WEN Huaixing, HAN Fang, HE Nairu, CHEN Wei, CHEN Tijun, JIA Junhong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11200-11206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.030
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    Aiming at the existing problems of surface working hardening, low processing efficiency and poor product surface evenness in cold drawing of titanium alloy, the influence of electrochemical corrosion of titanium alloy in corrosive medium on its surface tribological behavior and its mechanism were explored, so as to provide theoretical basis for the application of electrochemical drawing technology of titanium alloy in the future. The electrochemical corrosion friction behavior of TC4 titanium alloy in H2SO4 solution was studied by ball-disc reciprocating friction testing machine and electrochemical method, and the relationship between different applied potential, sliding velocity, friction coefficient and wear morphology was analyzed. The results show that the local plastic deformation of the contact area caused by sliding friction promotes the dissolution of the anode at the wear mark and causes the negative open circuit potential and corrosion current to increase greatly. When the external electric potential increases from -0.3v to 1.0v, the friction coefficient decreases first and then increases. Under the simultaneous action of applied potential and chemical corrosion, the corrosion products on the surface of the sample could influence its surface morphology and wear mechanism, thus effectively improving the tribological properties on the surface of TC4.
  • Preparation and grouting properties of carbonnanotubes reinforced cement-based grouting materials
    CHENG Mayao, ZENG Yang, YANG Hong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11207-11213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.031
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    In order to improve the performance of cement-based materials, carbon nanotubes were used as reinforcement components to prepare cement-based grouting materials by ultrasonic dispersion method,and the grouting performance was analyzed.The influence of carbon nanotube content on compressive strength, flexural strength, stability, rheological property, durability and crack resistance of grouting materials was analyzed by mechanical property test,stability test, rheological property test, durability test and crack resistance test.The results showed that when the content of carbon nanotubes were 0.4wt%,the compressive strength and flexural strength of grouting material were the best,which could reach 22.6 and 5.2 MPa,respectively,which were 39.5% and 62.5% higher than those of 16.2 and 3.2 MPa of the specimens without carbon nanotubes.When the content of carbon nanotubes increased to 0.5wt%, the time to reach stability and the residual volume of slurry were increased by 60.0% and 6.8% respectively compared with the samples without carbon nanotubes,which indicated that the stability of grouting materials was gradually improved with the increase of carbon nanotube content.Adding carbon nanotubes into the grouting material could form a crisscross structure and form a flocculation structure,which increased the shear stress of the grouting material sample and improved the rheological property of the grouting material to a certain extent.The incorporation of carbon nanotubes could effectively improved the chloride ion penetration resistance,durability and crack resistance of grouting materials,and reduced the water separation rate of grouting materials.The properties of carbon nanotubes reinforced cement-based grouting materials meet the requirements of practical construction and application, and are suitable for popularization.
  • Application of zinc-doped silica for determination of luteoloside in the Coreopsis tinctoria
    HAN Xiang, ABUDUREXITI Adila, HE Xiaogang, FENG Yulong, CHU Ganghui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(11): 11214-11220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.11.032
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    A zinc-doped silica adsorbent was prepared by simple method, and an analytical method for rapid and selective detection of luteoloside in Coreopsis tinctoria was established by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.During the discussion of the influence conditions on the adsorption rate of the adsorbent, the pH value, the dosage of adsorbent and the adsorption time were studied.The adsorbent enriched with luteoloside was detected directly by near infrared spectroscopy, and a quantitative correction model was established by partial least square method.The analytical method of near-infrared spectroscopy found that the adsorption rate of luteoloside reached 87.1% when the adsorbent mass was 0.25 g for 20 min at room temperature under neutral conditions.After SNV treatment, the correlation coefficient between the reference concentration and the predicted concentration of luteoloside correction model was 0.9909, and the predicted recovery was in the range of 87-118%.The results showed that the zinc-doped silica adsorbent could effectively enrich the trace amount of luteoloside in Coreopsis tinctoria.The near-infrared spectroscopy combined with stoichiometric method realized the rapid, sensitive and selective determination of trace amount of luteoloside in Coreopsis tinctoria.This provided a reference for the detection of trace active components in other medicinal plants.
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