30 October 2020, Volume 51 Issue 10

    

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Focuses& Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin2019)
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  Characterization and conductivity of BiFeO₃ thin films with different crystal orientations

  LIU Shaoqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10001-10004. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.001

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  Using pulse laser deposition (PLD) technology, thin film heterostructure of BiFeO₃ (about 200 nm) and SrRuO₃ (about 50 nm) was grown on both SrTiO₃(110) and SrTiO₃(100) single crystal substrates. Atomic force microscope(AFM), piezoelectric force microscope(PFM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to characterize the microstructure of BiFeO₃ thin film, including surface morphology, electrical domain structure and crystallinity. The hysteresis loops and I-V characteristic curves of the two crystalline BiFeO₃ thin films were tested with the Au upper electrode grown by magnetron sputtering method. And I-V fitting curves indicated that the main conductive mechanism of BFO (100) and BFO (110) films was space charge limited conduction (SCLC). After further analysis, a conclusion was made that BFO(100) thin film had stronger conductivity was due to its much higher defect density inside and lower crystallinity, which leaded to a longer process of exponentially increasing current and the effect of grain boundary limited conduction(GBLC) mechanism in high electric field region.
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  Effect of pH on the scaling characteristics of calcium carbonate on the surface of T2 copper under SMP environment

  ZHU Haoran, YUE Zhengbo, WANG Jin, ZHANG Zongbin, WU Wentao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10005-10011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.002

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  In order to study the corrosion effect of calcium carbonate scale on the surface of T2 copper under the conditions of pH = 7.5 and pH = 8.5, SMP (soluble microbial products, SMP) secreted by marine typical corrosive bacteria was separated and added to the calcium carbonate scale system. The surface of the copper was polished with sandpaper and put into 0.5 mol/L CaCl₂ solution and SMP mixture with SMP-C concentration of 1 mg/L at different pH, and the control group without SMP was set. Through X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, the structure was characterized. Using an optical microscope, the morphology of the metal surface after crystallization was analyzed. The results show that the increasing pH promoted scaling, while the chelation of SMP inhibited crystallization. SMP could inhibit the progress of crystallization to a certain extent, but pH was the main factor affecting crystallization.
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  Preparation of cellulose-based nanosheets and loading Cu₂O for degradation of cotton pulp black liquor by photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction

  ZHAI Peishuai, HALIDAN Maimaiti, XU Bo, WANG Shixin, WANG Yao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10012-10020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.003

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  The preparation of cellulose-based nanomaterials and their application in Fenton-like photocatalytic organic pollutant degradation can not only promote the high value-added utilization of cellulose, but also expand the research of Fenton-like system, it has very important academic and application value. In this paper, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as raw material to prepare cellulose nanosheets (CNs) by mixed acid/ultrasonic method, and then, the Cu₂O nanoparticles obtained by reduction of copper chloride were loaded into the surface of CNs by in situ coordination and dispersion of hydroxyl functional groups on cotton fibers to prepare a heterogeneous Fenton oxidation reagent Cu₂O/CNs with high catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic Fenton-like system was constructed with H₂O₂ and Cu₂O/CNs. The property and mechanism of the photocatalytic Fenton-like oxidative degradation of cotton pulp black liquor was characterized in detail. The results show that Cu₂O/CNs can effectively promote the reduction of H₂O₂ and produce more active radicals, which can replace Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ to become the activator of H₂O₂. At the same time, Cu₂O/CNs can also adsorb wastewater due to the three-dimensional porous structure of cellulose. The double action results greatly contributed to the ability of the system to treat cotton pulp black liquor.
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  Research progress on application of hydrogen bonding in aqueous phase based on 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine functional monomer

  WANG Xiaotao, XU Junyang, XIE Xun, LIU Zuifang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10021-10027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.004

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  2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (VDAT) has multiple potential hydrogen bonding sites and can form stable hydrogen bonding in the aqueous phase, it is a special functional monomer. In this paper, the characteristics and functionality of VDAT monomer are introduced. The polymers formed by homopolymerization or copolymerization of VDAT at home and abroad are mainly described. The effects of these polymers on molecular imprinting, enhanced hydrogel, nano/micro particle optimization and other applications in biomedical applications are reviewed. Finally, the development prospects of VDAT functional monomers are prospected.
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  One-step preparation of high stability nano-α-H-₂Pc and its photoconductive properties

  HAN Mingming, LIU Liu, ZHANG Yaqin, WANG Shirong, LIU Hongli, DONG Xiaofei, LI Xianggao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10028-10035. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.005

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  Alpha-type metal-free phthalocyanine (H₂Pc) is one of the important organic optoelectronic materials and have better near infrared photoelectric response performance. In this paper, by adding H₂Pc sulfuric acid solution directly to the binary dispersion medium composed of different ratios of MEK and water, nano-α-H₂Pc with high stability and dispersion stability was prepared by one-step method. The effects of the dispersion medium composition, stirring speed, crystalline adjustment temperature and time on the crystallinity of α-H₂Pc were studied. The results showed that a mixed solvent of butanone/water volume ratio of 1: 3 was a suitable medium for preparing α-H₂Pc. Under the conditions of 600 rpm, 40 ℃ and crystal form adjustment for 5 h, the particle size of the crystals obtained was 68.8 nm and the crystallinity of the crystals obtained was more than 90%. α-H₂Pc was dispersed in the butanone/cyclohexanone system by ball milling for 4 h and kept the crystal form stable. The change rate of the transmittance of the prepared dispersion in 24 days was 1.26%. The photoconductive response performance of organic photoconductive devices prepared with it as a carrier generation material was: V₀=698.24 V, V_r=29.30 V, R_d=12.24 V/s and E_1/2=0.60 μJ/cm². The crystal form was suitable for fatigue resistance preparation of photoconductive drums in high-speed laser printing and copiers. In this work, a simple, low-cost, excellent performance nano-α-H₂Pc photoconductive material preparation method was established.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress on light-mediated antibacterial coatings

  YAO Tiantian, LI Heyang, REN Kefeng, JI Jian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10036-10043. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.006

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  Bacterial infections caused by implanted/interventional medical devices have become the main component of health care-associated infection (HAI), threatening the health of patients and causing huge economic losses. Construction of antibacterial coating on the surface of medical devices is one of the most effective and practical methods to prevent and inhibit HAI. Light-mediated antibacterial coatings, which use light irradiation to inactivate bacteria, are flexible and controllable, and won't cause bacterial resistance. Those advantages have attracted extensive attention. In this paper, the mechanism, research progress and development trend of light-mediated antibacterial coatings were summarized.
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  A survey of high temperature mechanical properties of molybdenum alloys

  LI Hui, HU Ping, XING Hairui, ZUO Yegai, Cheng Quan, HU Boliang, WANG Kuaishe, FENG Pengfa

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10044-10054. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.007

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  The refractory rare metal molybdenum has the advantages of high melting point (2 620 ℃), good seismic performance and strong corrosion resistance, and has become an important high-temperature structural and functional material, which was widely used in aerospace, semiconductor lighting, microelectronics, medical equipment and other important areas. However, due to a series of processing characteristics such as high temperature oxidation of molybdenum, high deformation temperature, fast temperature drop and high tensile strength, its development is seriously limited in the application field. Molybdenum alloys have excellent thermal conductivity/conductivity, high temperature strength and creep resistance at high temperatures, and are widely used in important high temperature environments such as missiles, turbines and fusion reactor components. In recent years, based on the domestic and foreign scholars′ researches on the mechanical properties of high temperature tensile, compression, creep, bending, fatigue and ablation of molybdenum alloys, it is found that the composition, content and mechanism of different grades of molybdenum alloys have an effect on high temperature performance. In this paper, the future prospects of high-temperature application of molybdenum alloy were reviewed from the practical application point of view, and research and development of new preparation process and performance of molybdenum materials were constructively prospected for the future.
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  Progress of solid catalysts for oxidative coupling of alcohols and amines to imines

  CHEN Fushan, LI Wenhao, DENG Zhichao, SHU Jun, LIU Jie, XU Zhangyan, YANG Tao, CHEN Chunming

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10055-10059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.008

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  Imines are a versatile drug, bioactive molecular synthesis and fine chemical intermediates. Developing its green synthesis process is extremely challenging and significant. In this paper, the research status of solid catalysts for aerobic oxidation coupling ofalcohols and amines to imines is reviewed systematically. It is pointed out that the catalysts are the key factors for the aerobic oxidation of imines, and the catalytic systems of precious metals, non-precious metals have been introduced in detail respectively. The catalytic performance of various solid catalysts were mainly described. The catalytic mechanism of the main catalytic systems was also analyzed. It is found that there are still severe reaction conditions, use of precious metals, low catalytic activity, low selectivity of imines, and addition of alkaline, although the current research for alcohols and amines to imines has been greatly developed. The focus of future research work should be to explore a more economical and efficient methodsof the preparation of catalystsfor alcohols with amines to imines, and to understand its catalytic mechanisms.
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  Research progress of gel polymer electrolytes in secondary batteries

  HOU Zhaoxia, WANG Kai, QU Chenying, WANG Xiaohui, WANG Jian, LI Siyao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10060-10068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.009

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  In recent years, due to the rapid development of electronic devices, stricter requirements have been put on its energy storage devices. As the current mainstream energy storage products, secondary batteries have played an extremely important role in the progress of science and technology. Electrolyte, one of the important components, plays a key role in all aspects of battery performance. Gel polymer electrolytes have become the focus of current electrolyte research due to their higher electrical conductivity, better mechanical properties and excellent safety. In this article, the research progress of polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride/polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, and bio-based gel polymer electrolytes in secondary battery in the recent years was summarized. The basic characteristics of the above polymer electrolyte matrix were mainly introduced, and the problems and improvement methods of the current gel polymer electrolyte were discussed. By adding auxiliary components and modifying the structure of the matrix, it could effectively improve the performance of the electrolyte. At the same time, the future development of the gel polymer electrolyte was prospected.
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  Progress in the development of key materials and components for self-powered neutron detector

  WANG Yanhui, LIU Qi , ZHAO Anzhong, TANG Huiyi , CHEN Jie, LUO Shuoan, QU Xuanhui, LIU Qingbin, KUANG Hongbo, XUE Hongyuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10069-10074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.010

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  The development situation of abroad and domestic nuclear power self-powered neutron detectors were elaborated closely. The structural characteristics, principle and application of self-powered neutron detector were introduced in detail, and the demand and operation life of the nuclear testing system of the third generation nuclear power reactor were analyzed. The development progress on the key materials of self-powered neutron detector at home and abroad was elucidated briefly. The main focus was on the analysis of the difficulties in preparation and performance requirements of vanadium wire, rhodium wire and armored signal cable. Moreover, the high purification and control of trace elements, the stability of dimensional accuracy and surface quality, and the control of mechanical properties and processing properties of vanadium wire and rhodium wire were expounded in some detail, as well as the purification and deformation processing of core wire, casing pipe material and insulation material of armored signal cable. The prefabricated ceramic column method was used to improve the high-temperature insulation performance of armored cable. Improvement of insulation performance of armored signal cable were analyzed. Finally, the potential applications and research directions on the materials and component manufacturing of self-powered neutron detector were also proposed.
Research & Development
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  Preparation and degradability of PBAT/starch filled degradable films

  YANG Jinghui, YANG Fuxin, LI Shaojing, CHEN Zuguo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10075-10080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.011

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  Starch was added to poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate)(PBAT), and the mixture of starch and PBAT was granulated and directly cast into film. The biodegradability of PBAT/starch composite film was studied by artificially changing the water content, lactic acid bacteria content and yeast content of soil burial environment, and the effects of soil burial test on the biodegradability, mechanical properties and microstructure of PBAT/starch composite film under different conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the degradation rate of PBAT/starch composite film increased with the prolongation of soil burial time. The degradation rate of the composite was 14.6%, the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased by 45.9% and 77.3%, respectively, and the transparency of the film decreased significantly after being degraded for 60 days under the condition of lactic acid bacteria burial.
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  High and low temperature performance of compound modified asphalt with basalt mineral fiber and rock asphalt based on rheology

  HE Dongpo, ZUO Huiyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10081-10088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.012

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  In order to improve the low temperature performance of rock modified asphalt, basalt mineral fiber was chosen to modify the rock asphalt. The compound modified asphalt was prepared with different combinations of basalt mineral fiber and rock asphalt content. The high and low temperature performance of the compound modified asphalt was tested by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The DSR and BBR test were applied to derive T_LH and T_LC which were the high and low continuous classification temperature of compound modified asphalt. T_LH and T_LC were used as the standard to evaluate the high and low temperature performance of compound modified asphalt. The experimental results showed that the T_LH of asphalt increased with the addition of rock asphalt, and so was the T_LC. The addition of basalt mineral fiber had little effect on the T_LH of asphalt, but the T_LC decreased significantly. So the basalt mineral fiber solved the problem of rock asphalt which was lack of low-temperature performance. According to the T_LH and T_LC of compound modified asphalt's by the tests, it was concluded that the compound modified asphalt with 6 wt% basalt mineral fiber content and 4wt% Iranian rock asphalt content in the asphalt had the largest range of operating temperature. And it had comprehensive high and low temperature performance. At the same time, the rock asphalt was fully dissolved and the fiber was uniformly dispersed through the observation of SEM.
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  Preparation and pressure-sensitive properties of multilayer graphene/cement composite

  ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Tingyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10089-10093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.013

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  According to certain proportion, multilayer graphene/cement composite was prepared. The morphology and structure of multilayer graphene were analyzed by SEM and XPS. The influence of the amount of multilayer graphene on the mechanical properties of the composite was studied by the compressive/flexural strength test. The influence of adding multilayer graphene on the resistance and varistor performance of the composite was discussed by conducting property test and varistor performance test, and the influence of hydration time on the resistance performance of the composite was analyzed. The results showed that the microstructure of multilayered graphene was multilayer stacking, and the ratio of C to O in multilayer graphene was about 4.5. Adding appropriate amount of multilayer graphene could improve the mechanical properties of the composite significantly. Adding multilayer graphene could increase the compressive strength and bending strength of the composite by 30.1% and 11.6% respectively. With the increase of cement hydration time, the electrical resistance of the composite increased, but with the increase of the content of multilayer graphene, the electrical resistance of the composite decreased. When the content of multilayer graphene was less than 1.2 wt%, the content of multilayer graphene had little effect on the electrical resistance of the composite. When the content of multilayer graphene increased from 1.2 wt% to 1.6 wt%, the electrical resistance of the composite decreased significantly with the increase of fraction. When multilayer graphene was added to cement, the changed degree of resistance (R-R₀)/R₀ of the composite would be increased, making it to have pressure-sensitive property. When the amount of multilayer graphene was 1.6 wt%, the pressure-sensitive property of the composite was the best.
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  Study on the temperature stability of 1-3 piezoelectric composites

  CHEN Chen, LI Fenglian, WANG Xunzhi, LI Weidong, ZENG Deping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10094-10099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.014

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  Polyethersulfone (PES) and hollow glass microspheres (HGB) were used as fillers to modify the epoxy resin, and its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy polymer phase was studied. The research found that when epoxy polymer phase was prepared with 10wt% PES or HGB loadings, the shear strength increased from 39 MPa to 52 MPa, the thermal expansion coefficient decreased from 8.8 × 10^-5/K to 5.8 × 10^-5/K, and the mechanical and thermal properties of the material were significantly improved. Using PZT-4 as the piezoelectric phase, a 1-3 type piezoelectric composite material with a PES and HGB filling content of 10% by weight was prepared by a cutting and filling method. The influence of temperature on resonance frequency f_s and electromechanical coupling coefficient kt was measured by impedance analyzer. The results show that the f_s of 1-3 piezoelectric composites was 885 kHz and kt was 0.65. The change rate of f_s and kt of the material within the range of 15-50 ℃ was less than 1%, which showed good temperature stability.
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  Study on the metal particles exsolutionin situ of (La,Sr)(Ti,Ni)O₃ perovskite oxides via pulsed electric current technology

  XU Aichen, SHANG Jian, QIAO Sifan, YU Wenwen, LIU Liang, QI Jingang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10100-10104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.015

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  Surface/interface is the core of nanocatalysis. The design of the active sites onto the surface/interface and applying it to the field of industrial catalysis have been shown a tremendous research hotspot. Herein, the nanoparticles exsolved in situ was obtained successfully with the perovskite substrate as the active matrix via pulsed electric current (PEC) technology at 500 V-3 Hz-30 s. The microstructure was analyzed by XRD. The pattern showed a few new precipitated phases that was Ni-Ti and La-Ni intermetallic compounds. The morphology of the samples was observed by SEM. It was obvious that the morphology had changed apparently when the pulsed voltage was 400 V and 500 V. The result meant that the injection of certain pulsed energy would change the morphology of the matrix, and the exsolved nanoparticles would appear and distribute homogeneously at 500 V. Electrochemical tests showed that the powder had good charge transfer resistance. Finally, orrelation analysis suggested that the oxygen vacancy of the matrix itself and oxygen partial pressure gradient caused by the pulsed generator made joint efforts to allow the particles diffusing from the lattice to the surface, and resulting in the exsolution.
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  Structure and magnetic properties of MnFe_0.6Ni_0.4Si_1-xGa_x compounds

  ZHAO Dan, W. Hanggai, OU Zhiqiang, H. Yibole, O. Tegus

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10105-10109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.016

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  MnFe_0.6Ni_0.4Si_1-xGa_x(x=0, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) series of compounds were prepared by vacuum melting and special heat treatment method. The properties of the compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The XRD results show that the structure of the series of compounds changed from TiNiSi-type orthogonal structure (space group Pnma) to Ni₂In-type hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) with increasing Ga contents. When x=0.07, two phases of the TiNiSi orthogonal structure and the Ni₂In hexagonal structure coexisted. Magnetic measurements show that the Curie temperature decreased with increasing Ga content. When x=0.08, thermal hysteresis became greatest on the M-T curve. The magnetocaloric effects of these compounds were characterized by isothermal magnetization curves. The maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change tended to decrease with increasing Ga content. The maximal magnetic entropy was observed in the sample with x=0.08, which was about 7.1J/(kgK) for a field from 0 to 3 T. The magnetic measurement and DSC results show that when x=0.08, a magnetic-structure coupling phase transition occurred. The magnetic phase transition and structural phase transition of the x=0.07 sample were not coupled. The very weak peak in DSC curve of x=0.10 sample indicated the characteristics of the second-order phase transition.
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  Creep analysis of straw plastic composite

  ZHANG Sicheng, SHENG Dongfa, DONG Chunlei, QI Rongqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10110-10115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.017

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  Creep is one of the important mechanical properties for straw plastic composite. The creep performance is closely related to stress, temperature and time. In order to study the creep properties of SPC, creep experiments were carried out under different stresses and temperature. Based on the principle of time temperature stress equivalence and Burgers model, the master curve of creep and their expressions of SPC under reference temperature and reference stress were obtained, and the creep compliance of the composite under low temperature or low stress was deduced by WLF equation according to the principle of time temperature stress equivalence. Therefore, the long-term creep behavior of SPC at low temperature or low stress level could be predicted by the short-term creep behavior at high temperature or high stress level.
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  Electrochemcial properties of metal-organic framework derived lithium titanate

  CHEN Chuan, QIAN Sen, DING Yi, YAO Tianhao, GUO Jinghong, WANG Hongkang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10116-10121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.018

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  Lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂) is a promising anode material due to its unique features of “zero strain” and high charge and discharge platform. However, its intrinsic low electron and ion conductivity bring severe polarization to Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ upon charge/discharge. With the objective of solving the as-mentioned issues, in this paper, a facile synthesis route of metal-organic framework derived porous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ was presented via solvothermal and calcination. When tested as an anode material for lithium-ion battery, it delivered high stability (120.3 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g after 700 cycles) as well as rate performance (67.4 mAh/g at 2 A/g), and the polarization decreased with the cycles going on. The excellent electrochemical performance could be ascribed to more active sites and shortened ion diffusion path provided by the porous structure derived from metal-organic framework. The structural changed during cycles offered better electron and ion transfer kinetics, therefore, leading to low polarization. More importantly, this preparation method may also be applied for other Ti-based anode materials (such as TiNb₂O₇, Na₂Ti₃O₇, etc.).
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  Preparation and visible light activity of carbon coated N-ZnO photocatalyst

  HUANG Zhen, LI Huan, HU Haiping, GAN Jianchang, CHEN Haiyan, PENG Qingqi, LIU Xiaokai, WANG Huihu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10122-10128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.019

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  Nitrogen doped zinc oxide (N-ZnO) was prepared by high temperature calcination method with urea as nitrogen source and nano ZnO particles as source material. On this basis, carbon coated N-ZnO photocatalyst (C@N-ZnO) was obtained by hydrothermal carbonation of glucose. The results showed that nitrogen doping and carbon coating could effectively change the size and morphology of nano ZnO. Compared with pure nano ZnO particles, N-ZnO was in the shape of micrometer hexagonal rod, while C@N-ZnO was in the shape of nano round rod. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of C@N-ZnO exhibited that N was successfully doped into the ZnO lattice, and the peaks corresponding to the C-C bond on the N-ZnO surface were significantly enhanced, indicating that a carbon layer was successfully coated on the N-ZnO surface. The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum demonstrated that N-ZnO and C@N-ZnO had strong absorption in the visible region. With Rhodamine B (RhB) as the target pollutant, the reaction rate constant of C@N-ZnO was 3.4 times of that of pure ZnO under visible light irradiation, indicating that nitrogen doping and carbon coating could effectively improve the visible light activity of ZnO.
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  Study on photocatalytic performance of full spectral response co-doped photocatalyst materials

  ZHAO Xiaoyan, QI Qianyu, WANG Hongshui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10129-10137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.020

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  In order to make full use of solar spectrum for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, the visible light response nano TiO₂ (model JR05) and the up conversion luminescence nanocomposite TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ were co-doped by the different mass ratios. The co-doped photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning microscope and PL spectrum. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet, visible light, near-infrared light and 500 W xenon lamp, the photocatalytic activity of JR05, TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ and the co-doped photocatalyst were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange. The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped materials was evaluated under different light sources. The optimum ratio of co-doped materials was determined. The photocatalytic mechanism of co-doped photocatalyst was discussed. The results showed that the crystal structure of TiO₂ was not changed due to the co-minxing of the two materials. The green light (476 nm) and UV light (360 nm) could be emitted by TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺ under 980 nm NIR light excitation for the absorption of JR05 and TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺. The co-doped photocatalyst was matched with the UV-Vis-NIR light. Under the full spectrum light, n(JR05)∶n(TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺)=1∶2 was superior to the single JR05 and single TiO₂/(CaY)F₂:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺. The degradation effect of methyl orange after 2 h and 10 h reached 80.42% and 98.24%, respectively.
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  Effect of magnetic field heat treatment on damping capacity of M2052 alloy

  ZHANG Sibin, JIANG Zechao, TIAN Qingchao, LI Chuanjun, REN Zhongming

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10138-10144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.021

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  Magnetic field was applied to the M2052 alloy during the heat treatment process. The effects of the alternating magnetic field on the damping capacity and mechanical properties of the alloy were studied by using metallurgical microscope, XRD, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and tensile testing machine. The results show that, due to the magnetoplastic effect and the dislocation increment mechanism, solid solution under magnetic field could increase the dislocation density of the alloy, and dislocation as a paramagnetic center could increase the magnetic transition temperature T_N and accelerate the magnetic transition process. Aging under magnetic field could increase the T_M as well as the peak internal friction of the alloy. After the magnetic field heat treatment, the alloy grain size was reduced, and then the fine grain strengthening effect increased the alloy's tensile strength by about 25 MPa. During the tensile process, the alloy exhibited a twinning-de-twinning phenomenon, and finally formed a strong [111] orientation and a weak [001] orientation along the stretching direction.
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  Study on the microstructure and properties of ZnMgBaGd biomedical zinc alloy

  LIU Jingfu, LU Chaochao, YIN Kang, ZHUANG Weibin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10145-10151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.022

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  Zinc alloys of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba and Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba-0.7Gd were prepared by vacuum smelting. The microstructure of the alloy was observed and the wear resistance was tested. Its corrosion property in SBF simulated body fluids was studied. As a result, it was found that rare earth Gd could significantly refine the microstructure of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba alloy. Under 2 N and 4 N loads, the wear rates of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba-0.7Gd alloy were 1.716g/cm² and 2.071 g/cm², respectively, which were 16.8% and 14.6% lower than that of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba alloy. The corrosion products of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba-0.7Gd alloy immersed in simulated body fluids at 37 ℃ were calcium phosphate, zinc phosphate, phosphate and CaP, which had good biological activity. The corrosion potential of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba-0.7Gd alloy was positive compared with that of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba alloy, and the corrosion rate was reduced by 51.7%. The capaciance-reactance arc of Zn-5.5Mg-0.4Ba-0.7Gd alloy was 200% larger than that without Gd. The addition of 0.7% Gd promoted the formation of surface corrosion films due to grain refinement and Zn(OH)₂ generation which effectively protected the matrix and reduced the corrosion rate of the alloy.
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  Preparation and thermoelectric properties of graphene-reinforced cement-based composites

  QIAN Feng, LIU Xianchang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10152-10156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.023

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  The cement-based composite (GNP/CBC) with different GNP content was prepared by ball milling with multilayer graphenenanoflakes (GNP) as reinforcement.The microstructure of the composite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The thermoelectric properties of the composite were studied by four probe conductivity meter, differential scanning calorimeter, Fourier infrared spectrometer and Hall effect tester.The results showed that the conductivity of the composites increased with the increase of GNP content. When the GNP content was 20wt% at 70 °C, the highest conductivity was 16.2 S/cm, and the maximum power factor was 1.6μW/(m·K²).The Seebeck coefficient of the composite increased with the increase of temperature. When the GNP content was 15wt%, the maximum Seebeck coefficient of the composite was 34 μV/K, the maximum Hall coefficient was +0.842 cm²/C, and the maximum quality factor was 1.44×10^-3.The cement-based composite (GNP/CBC) could be potentially applied to indoor climate improvement of buildings and mitigation of urban heat island (UHI) effect.
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  Mechanical properties of 3D printing continuous fiber reinforced polyamide composites

  WANG Lijuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10157-10160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.024

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  Continuous fiber reinforced polyamide composite parts were manufactured by 3D printing additive manufacturing (ALM). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microphotographs of 3D printing single filaments made of composite materials, and tensile and compression performance tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of composite materials. The results showed that the surface treatment of the fiber results in chemical reaction between the silane coupling agent and the glass fiber surface. The surface of 3D printing glass fiber was attached with a large number of polyamide materials, and the combination was good. The tensile curves along the fiber direction of the sample changed linearly with strain until it broke. When the stress reached 550 MPa, the sample broke and the tensile strain was 4.23%. In the direction perpendicular to the fiber, the breaking strength could reach 10.56 MPa, and the tensile strain was 1.32% when the sample broke. The compressive fracture strength of the composite along the fiber direction could reach 86.82 MPa, and the compressive strain was 0.62% when the sample broke. In the direction perpendicular to the fiber, the compressive fracture strength could reach 13.95 MPa, and the compressive strain was 1.22% when the sample broke.
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  Study on p-typedopability of two-dimensional h-BN materials

  XIAO Wenjun, LIU Tianyun, LIU Xuefei, LUO Zijiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10161-10167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.025

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  Doping plays a key role in improving the carrier concentration of semiconductor materials and the performance of semiconductor devices. Theoretically, the p-type doping in semiconductor materials can be predicted by calculating the charged defect formation energy and charge transition energy levels. In this paper, based on the generalized gradient approximation theory and the method of first principles, combined with two-dimensional charged defect correction technology, we used the VASP to systematically calculate several doping system in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), including X_B system (X=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr) and Y_N system (Y=C, Si, Ge).The results show that the SiN defect has a quasi-shallow ionization energy of 0.8 eV, while the other six defects are all deep, unable to provide effective p-type carriers for h-BN. However, SiN has high defect forming energy, so it can only be added into h-BN by ion implantation and other non-equilibrium methods.
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  Effect of bonding parameters on free air ball and bonding strength of Ag-5Au bonded alloy wire

  CAO Jun, XU Xu, ZHANG Junchao, SONG Kexingxing, ZHOU Yanjun, HUA Han

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10168-10172. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.026

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  The effects of Electronic Flame Off current, Electronic Flame Off time, bond power and bond force on Free Air Ball morphology and bonding strength of Ag-5Au bonding alloy wire were studied by automatic wire bonder, strength tester and scanning electron microscope. The results show that when the Electronic Flame Off time is 750 μs and the Electronic Flame Off current is 2600 mA, the FAB sphere becomes elliptical, and the Electronic Flame Off current is 2800 mA, the FAB sphere appears golf ball; when the Electronic Flame Off current is 2700 mA and the Electronic Flame Off time is 700 μs, the FAB is smaller, and when the Electronic Flame Off time is 800 μs, the FAB is larger. when the Electronic Flame Off time is 750 μs and the Electronic Flame Off current is 2700 mA, the FAB in good sphere. When the bond power is 85 mW and the bond force is 65 g, the pad will be damaged; when the bond power is 50 mW and the bond force is 35 g, the false welding will occur.
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  A low density supported composite catalyst NiCoP:synthesis and application

  DU Gaiping, AN Zhenguo, ZHANG Jingjie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10173-10178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.027

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  In this paper, low-density magnetic non-precious metal composite catalyst LDHMs@NiCoP was synthesized by seed-induced alloying method, and magnetic NiCoP ternary alloy nanoparticles were supported on low-density hollow microspheres (LDHMs), which not only utilized the large surface space separation effect of the carrier to prevent the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, but also realized a plurality of separation and recovery methods such as magnetic separation, floating separation, and large particle filtration separation. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the non-precious metal was improved by alloying non-metals with non-precious metals. In addition, it was found that the Co/Ni ratio could be adjusted by controlling the feed ratio, which had a great influence on the catalytic performance of the LDHMs@NiCoP composite catalyst. When the Co/Ni ratio was 0.96∶1, the apparent rate k_A of LDHMs@NiCoP catalyzed organic pollutants-p-nitrophenol (4-NP) to the pharmaceutical intermediate-p-aminophenol (4-AP) was 33.5×10^-3 ·s^-1, the normalized rate constant k_N was 15.6 s^-1·g^-1, and k_A was three orders of magnitude higher than that of pure NiCoP without LDHMs. The methods of loading and alloying optimization of non-precious metal catalytic properties explored in this paper provided a basis for preventing nanoparticle agglomeration and non-precious metal substitution of precious metal catalysts.
Process& Technology
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  Design and preparation of high-strength heat-resistant magnesium oxysulfide composite wave-absorbing coating

  LI Zhi, HAO Wanjun, WANG Yunpeng, CHEN Le, CHEN Zilong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10179-10184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.028

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  Higher requirements are put forward for electromagnetic radiation protection materials in tropical marine environments. In this paper, high-strength heat-resistant magnesium oxysulfide material was combined with carbon black and carbonyl iron to design and prepare an electromagnetic wave absorption coating with high strength and good heat resistance. And its bow absorption performance in the 2-18 GHz frequency band was adopted by the bow methodcarry out testing. Studies have shown that the monolayer of magnesium oxysulfide prepared by adding carbon black or carbonyl iron alone had a narrow absorption bandwidth and poor effect. When 6% carbon black was used as the absorption layer, 2% carbon black was mixed with 50% carbonyl iron as the matching layer to prepare a double-layer wave absorbing material, and the thickness of the matching layer and the wave absorbing layer were controlled to be 1.5 mm, the wave absorbing effect was obviously enhanced. The effective absorption bandwidth was 8.5 GHz, the maximum absorption could reach -28 dB, and the absorption was greater than -5 dB at 2-18 GHz.
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  Effect of Sn doping concentration on the optical properties of Sn-Al co-doped ZnO nanorods

  WANG Yuxin, WANG Yuanyuan, LIN Dongxue, LIU Jiahui, SONG Yong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10185-10188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.029

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  Sn-Al co-doped ZnO nanorods with better photoluminescence properties were prepared on glass sheets by magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal method. The surface morphology, crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that Sn doping promoted the lateral growth of ZnO nanorods. The diameter of ZnO nanorods increased with the increase of Sn doping amount but the length became shorter. The crystallization quality also decreased. Sn doping ZnO nanorods had no obvious effect on the peak intensity in the ultraviolet region, but when the doping concentration of Sn was low, it would lead to the blue shift of the luminescence peak. As the doping concentration of the Sn reached a certain level, it was observed that the luminescence peak began to red shift. Peak intensity in the visible region increased with increasing Sn doping concentration.
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  Effect of strain rate on the basic mechanical properties of high ductility cementitious composites

  YUAN Zhen, XIA Chaofan, ZHANG Cong, LI Zhihua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10189-10193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.030

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  In order to explore the effect of strain rate on the mechanical properties of high ductility cementitious composites (HDCC), the compressive and tensile properties of HDCC containing polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) and calcium carbonate whisker were studied. The results show that HDCC had an obvious strain rate effect. With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-5 /s to 10^-2/s, the tensile stress and compressive strength of HDCC significantly increased, while the tensile strain and tensile toughness obviously degraded. Under different strain rates, the introduction of calcium carbonate whisker could effectively improve the tensile properties and compression strength of HDCC.
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  Preparation of foam-glass ceramics from smelting slag and procelain tile

  NIU Yonghong, FAN Xiaoyang, REN Da, LI Yike, WANG Wencai, YANG Zhanfeng, CUI Lingxiao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10194-10201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.031

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  A new type of foam-glass ceramics was synthesized by the method of powder sintering (one-step) with smelting slag and porcelain powder as the main raw material. In addition, the pore structure, glass phase composition, glass network structure and crystal structure of foam-glass ceramics were explored by modern analytical techniques such as DSC, XRD and TOM-ac. The foam-glass ceramics prepared by the experiment was composed of wollastonite CaSiO₃ and diopside CaMgSi₂O₆. The compressive strength was 13.06 MPa and the density was 0.731 g/cm³. In this study, a new way for the comprehensive utilization of hazardous waste was provided. The preparation of foam glass ceramics combined the merits of the glass ceramics and foam glass. It not only solved the problems of polluting the environment and wasting resources, but also got the quality products which was valuable to human activities, and improved the added value of slag.
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  Preparation and supercapacitor characteristics of Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄ as an electrode material

  CUI Danfeng, LI Yuankai, FAN Yanyun, FAN Zheng, CHEN Hongmei, XUE Chenyang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10202-10208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.032

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  Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄ composites on nickel (Ni) foam were first synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal process and exhibited better electrochemical properties than pure Co₃O₄ nanorod clusters according to the electrochemical test. The specific capacities of the Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄ electrodes were 436 F/g and 663.75 F/g, respectively at a current density of 2.5 mA/cm². After 3000 cycles, Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄ electrodes retained 100% and 95.32% of the initial specific capacities, respectively, at a current density of 3 A/g. The great capacitive property of Co₃O₄@MnMoO₄ composites was attributed to their specific area, which led to a higher electron/ion-transfer rate, more electroactive reaction sites and larger electrolyte infiltrate area than Co₃O₄ nanorod clusters.
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  Preparation of Fe₃O₄/HBPAMAM/ZnO composite material and its application on cotton fabric

  WANG Liying, WANG Liming, SHEN Yong, XU Lihui, QIU Yu, LIU Yadong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10209-10215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.033

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  The composite material Fe₃O₄/HBPAMAM/ZnO with coating structure was prepared by solvent precipitation method, and the cotton fabric was compounded with the self-made epoxy end-group hyperbranched polyamide HBPAMAM-EP to prepare cotton fabric with versatility and washability. The results show that the composite material Fe₃O₄/HBPAMAM/ZnO formed a good coating structure and exhibited good optical properties. The organic-inorganic layer was formed on the surface of the cotton fabric composited by Fe₃O₄/HBPAMAM/ZnO and HBPAMAM-EP and had a certain three-dimensional structure. The finished cotton fabric had low UV transmittance and excellent UV resistance. It showed good photocatalytic performance, completely degrading methylene blue MB in 3.5 h under ultraviolet light irradiation. The shielding effectiveness could reach -42 dB in some frequency bands, showing a certain electromagnetic shielding effect. It had good mechanical properties with wrinkle recovery angle of 243° and tensile breaking strength of 332 N. The washing resistance test showed that after 30 washings, the finished cotton fabric still had good UV resistance, photocatalytic performance and mechanical properties (wrinkle resistance).
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  Preparation and thermal properties of nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsules

  QIU Qingling

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(10): 10216-10220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.10.034

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  Nano-TiO₂ particles were prepared by sol-gel method.Nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsules were prepared with n-tetradecane(Tet)as the core material and nano-TiO₂ modified polystyrene (PS) as the shell material.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG-DSC comprehensive thermal analyzer and thermal constant analyzer were used to study the morphology and thermal properties of unmodified and nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsules.The thermal conductivity and mechanical stability of the microcapsule emulsion were tested.The results showed that the size of nano-TiO₂ particles was uniform with average particle sizeof about 20 nm. Adding TiO₂ particles to polystyrene shell would increase the particle size of composite phase change microcapsules.Compared with the unmodified composite phase-change microcapsules, the nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsuleshad higher thermal stability, and their initial crystallization and melting temperatures were 0.42 and 2.63 ℃, respectively,which were higher than those of unmodified composite phase-change microcapsules.The melting latent heat (ΔHm) of nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsules was 84.53 kJ/kg, showing excellent thermal conductivity.Compared with the unmodified composite phase change microcapsule emulsion, the thermal conductivity of nano-TiO₂ modified composite phase change microcapsule emulsion increased by 16.47%, and had higher mechanical stability. It could be used as thermal fluid material for cold storage function.