30 September 2020, Volume 51 Issue 9
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
  • Microwave absorbents with high permeability and low permittivity fabricated by vacuum deposition
    LIU Shitong, BAO Yu, LI Wei, GUAN Jianguo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9001-9005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.001
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    In this paper, a method for preparing high-performance magnetic absorbers based on magnetron sputtering coating technology was presented. A layer of soluble organic polymer thin film was pre-coated on the substrate, and then a magnetic thin film following an ultra-thin SiO2 coating was sputtered and ultrasonically crushed in a solvent to obtain a flaky absorbents. The flaky absorbents had a high magnetic permeability due to its large aspect ratio of about 80, and the insulative SiO2 layer on the magnetic film significantly reduced the permittivity and improved the impedance match. When the absorbent volume fraction was only 10% and the thickness was 1.6 mm, the bandwidths of reflection loss (RL) < -5 dB and <-10 dB reached 7.8 GHz (4.2 GHz ~12 GHz) and 7GHz (10 GHz~17 GHz) to achieve wide-band electromagnetic wave absorption. This shows that the proposed process could be used to prepare high magnetic permeability flaky absorbents and had great potential in preparation of lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers.
  • Effects of interface barrier and doping on thermoelectric properties of tellurium
    XU Libin, LI Rong, FAN Wenhao, CHEN Shaoping, CHEN Yanzuo, AN decheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9006-9011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.002
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    Energy filtering effect is helpful to decouple Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity and dopant is helpful for improving conductivity. Synergetic function of both was supposed to enhance zT values of tellurium in this work. In bulk Sb0.003Te0.997, the Ni/Te heterojunction was built by electroless plating combined with spark plasma sintering. The effects of Ni/Te interface barrier have been investigated in terms of the thermoelectric transport properties. The results show that the Ni/Te interface barrier could be introduced by electroless plating combined with spark plasma sintering, and it successfully decoupled the relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity. The improved power factor was maintained due to an increased Seebeck coefficient through the synergetic effect of interface barrier and doping. Consequently, the 18wt%Ni/Sb0.003Te0.997 sample yielded a peak zT of 0.96 at 550 K, which was 50% higher than that of Sb0.003Te0.997 samples. This work indicates that electroless plating combined with spark plasma sintering was an effective method to construct heterojunction in bulk materials. This method should be widely applicable to various materials for achieving better thermoelectric properties.
  • Preparationand friction and wear property study of C/C composites surface modification films
    YUAN Pu, LI Hong, YANG Min, REN Musu, SUN Jinliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9012-9017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.003
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    The SiC and Si3N4 films with 3~5 μm thickness were prepared on the surface of C/C composite substrate by precursor transformation. Friction and wear properties of C/C composite substrate and SiC and Si3N4 films were investigated with a ball-on-disk tribometer in dry air. The results show the uniform and dense surface structure of SiC film and Si3N4 film without obvious defects. The average friction coefficient and wear rate of C/C composite substrate were 0.17 and 1.93×10-4 mm3/(N·m). The average friction coefficient and wear rate of SiC film were 0.13 and 0.78×10-4 mm3/(N·m). The average friction coefficient and wear rate of Si3N4 film were 0.12 and 0.45×10-4 mm3/(N·m). The friction coefficient and wear rate of films were reduced compare with the C/C composite substrate. The friction and wear mechanism of C/C composite substrate was mainly based on abrasive and adhesive wear, while SiC and Si3N4 film was mainly based on fatigue wear.
  • Progress of PEO-modified polymer solid electrolytes for lithium ion batteries
    HUANG Xinwen, LIAO Songyi, LIU Rongtao, LIU Yidong, MIN Yonggang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9018-9023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.004
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    With the development of portable electronic devices, the demands for energy density and safety of their core components, i.e. lithium ions batteries (LIBs), are becoming much stricter. Since the solid-state battery can avoid the use of combustible organic liquid electrolytes and separators of flammable polyolefin, they show excellent advantages in energy density and safety, which are considered as the next-generation of LIBs. The core technology of solid-state batteries is to develop novel electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity, non-flammability, considerable mechanical properties, flexibility and environmental friendliness. As one of the best electrolytes of solid-state batteries, PEO-based polymers show strong competitiveness. Therefore, in this work, the progress associating to PEO-based polymer electrolytes was summarized and their prospects were presented.
  • Magnetic field guided film growth for improved carrier transport properties of the semiconducting polymer/graphene nanocomposites
    SU Songlin, PAN Guoxing, XIAO Xuhua, ZHANG Fapei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9024-9030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.005
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    In this work, graphene nano-sheets were incorporated into the matrix of semiconducting polymers P(NDI2OD-T2) and DPP-2T via solution mixing for the film preparation. The process results in a remarkable enhancement of carrier mobility on both N-type and P-type polymeric field-effect transistors (FETs). Furthermore, the aligned films of the P(NDI2OD-T2)/graphene composites have been achieved by solution drop-cast under high magnetic field. It reveals that the incorporation of small amount of graphene sheets improved the degree of chain alignment, and consequently enhanced the anisotropy of electron mobility of the OFETs compared to pristine P(NDI2OD-T2). The charge transport properties of the composite films were also improved via the film growth under a rotating magnetic field, which should originate from the enhanced face-on packing of P(NDI2OD-T2) by magnetically controlling the orientation of conjugated planes of the backbones. It suggests that the ensembles of polymer aggregated on the graphene planes facilitated magnetic alignment as well as the formation of fast conduction pathways at the polymer domain boundaries.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progresses on surface modifications and applications of MXenes-based nanocomposites in alkali metal ion batteries
    DONG Xusheng, ZHAO Ruizheng, SUN Bin, ZHOU Guowei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9031-9044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.006
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    Two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanomaterials have attracted increasing and significant attention in electrochemical energy storage and conversion due to their unique physical/chemical properties, such as excellent electronic conductivity, tunable layer structure, and abundant surface functional groups. However, the inherent restacking tendency of ultrathin MXenes, low capacity and unfavorable surface functional groups hinder their practical application. Addressing the above issues, it is urgent to modify the surface of MXene nanomaterials to improve the performance of energy storage system and solve the problems in the development of high-performance energy storage technologies. In this review, the synthesis method of MXenes was briefly summarized. The latest research progresses based on surface modification of MXenes was introduced. The performance of MXene nanocomposites materials and their applications in alkali metal ion batteries, such as lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries, potassium ion batteries were discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXene nanocomposites in the future applications of alkali metal ion batteries were also presented.
  • Advances in preparation of hierarchical porous carbons and their application in supercapacitors
    QIN Fuwei, WANG Xianglong, LI Yizhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9045-9055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.007
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    Because of the characteristics of different types of pore structure, larger specific surface area, lower price, and excellent electrochemical performance, graded hierarchical porous carbon shows great advantages in the field of high-efficiency energy storage. They can be directly used as the electrode material of supercapacitors to form electric double-layer capacitors with electrolyte for charge storage, and can also be combined with non-carbon-based materials to form pseudocapacitance for charge storage. Therefore, porous carbons have always been an indispensable electrode material in electrochemical energy storage devices. Here the specific role of porous carbons with different pore sizes on energy storage has been illustrated. The preparation methods of hierarchical porous carbons have also been summarized in recent years. The paper shows the ways to improve electrochemical performance, and as well as the future development of hierarchical porous carbons as electrode material for supercapacitors.
  • Functionalized graphene-based composites and their applications in biosensors
    DING Jinzi, FENG Ailing, LI Xiaodong, XU Rong, DING Shijiu, LIU Liang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9056-9065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.008
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    Graphene (GR) has many unique properties, such as large theoretical specific surface area, good optical transparency, excellent thermal conductivity, etc., and has become a research hotspot since it was first found in 2004. However, due to the extremely high chemical stability of GR with zero band gap, it is difficult to effectively interact with other materials. There is strong Van der Waals force between the sheets of GR, which is easy to form aggregation phenomenon, resulting in it is difficult to dissolve in water and other organic solvents, which affects the further research and application of GR. The functionalization of GR is to change the properties of the GR surface by covalent, non-covalent or doping methods in the groups produced during the preparation process, so that it has the properties of GR and the modified functional group. Functionalized graphene-based composites can combine functionalized GR and other materials, which will take full advantage of the different components and give them superior performance different from individual components. The GR and the methods of GR functionalization were introduced respectively, and the research of functionalized GR composites materials was mainly summarized through two categories of functionalized GR-inorganic nanomaterials and functionalized GR-polymer materials. Its application in biosensors was summarized. Finally, the development of functionalized GR-based composites was prospected.
  • Research progress on antimicrobial mechanism of metals
    SUN Xiaoxuan, GAO Jianxin, LI Hang, LI Yungang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9066-9071. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.009
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    Based on the research status at home and abroad, the antibacterial ability and antibacterial mechanism of common metal elements were summarized, and the existing problems were put forward. The antibacterial mechanism of various antibacterial metals is different. Copper and silver ion antibacterial is the most widely used and common antibacterial form. Gallium and cerium substitution antibacterial has a good development prospect, which provides a reference for the development of new antibacterial metal materials, and looks forward to the future research direction based on the comprehensive characteristics of metal antibacterial.
    • Research & Development
  • Hydrolysis performances of low-cost FeSi75 alloy
    FENG Zhao,WU Chaoling, ZHONG Shuang, CHEN Yungui, CHEN Hui, WANG Yao,YAN Yigang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9072-9077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.010
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    The FeSi75 alloy and FeSi75-MCln (M=Na, Mg, Al, n=1, 2, 3) composites were prepared for hydrogen generation by means of ball-milling, whose phases, morphology and hydrogen generation performances were studied by means of ICP-AES, XRD, SEM, EDS and hydrolysis test equipment. The results showed that the particle size of FeSi75 alloy decreased rapidly down to 0.76 μm after 30 min ball-milling. The hydrogen yield of 710 ml/g was achieved in 7.41 wt% NaOH solution at room temperature. Furthermore, the addition of a small amount of chloride promoted the hydrolysis performances of FeSi75 alloy, and the hydrogen yields of FeSi75-5wt%AlCl3 were 760 ml/g at 25 ℃ and 841 ml/g at 70 ℃. The conversion rate of 95.2% was achieved at 70 ℃, which was due to heat release of AlCl3 in water dissolution and formation of water gates.
  • Effect of granulation time on the compactness of silicon nitride particles prepared by dry granulation
    YU Dongling, ZHANG Xiaohui, WU Nanxing, LIAO Dahai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9078-9082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.011
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    In order to explore the effect of dry granulation time on the compactness of silicon nitride ceramic particles, the water content, micro-morphology and particles strength of the particles under different granulation time were compared and analyzed base on the self-design granulation time-particle compactness experimental platform. The results show that with the increase of granulation time, the moisture content of silicon nitride particles decreased linearly, and the micro-morphology of silicon nitride particles showed three states: rough, smooth and cracky. When the granulation time was 5 min, the water content of the form silicon nitride particles was about 9%, which reached the optimal production value. SEM images show that the surface of the silicon nitride particles was smooth and crackless, and the particles strength reached the maximum value of 2.5 N measured by experiment.
  • Facile preparation and lithium storage properties of ZnMn2O4 electrode materials
    ZHANG Tiange, WU Jingjing, LI Yanwei, YAO Jinhuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9083-9090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.012
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    ZnMn2O4 electrode materials were prepared by directly roasting mixed liquid with sucrose as the soft template. The influences of the amounts of sucrose on the structure, morphology and lithium storage properties of the synthesized ZnMn2O4 electrode materials were studied by XRD, FESEM, and electrochemical performance tests. When the molar ratio of Zn2+ to sucrose in the raw materials was 1∶1.5, the prepared ZnMn2O4 sample showed a mixed morphology of irregular particles and nano-sheets, and exhibited the best lithium storage performance. The reversible capacity could reach 575 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.5 A/g current density. Even at the high current density of 5 A/g, it still delivered a reversible capacity of 295 mAh/g. The electrochemical reaction kinetic analysis showed that the ZMO-1.5 electrode had the lowest electrochemical reaction resistance and the highest lithium ion diffusion coefficient. This study was expected to provide guidance and theoretical reference for the facile and low-cost preparation of high performance ZnMn2O4 electrode materials.
  • Study on preparation and properties of ozone catalyst Mn-Ce-Pr/Al2O3
    ZHANG Ping, XIANG Jun, LI Chongyang, CHENG Penggao, ZHANG Jianping, TANG Na
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9091-9097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.013
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    In this paper, a Mn-Ce-Pr/Al2O3ternary system catalyst was prepared with metal cation as precursor and Al2O3 pellets with particle size of 3~5 mm as the carrier. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by means of field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), specific surface area meter (BET) and surface charge titration. The results show that a stable porous metal oxide layer (Mn2O3, CeO2 and Pr2O3) was formed when the reaction temperature was 550 ℃. The hysteresis ring of the oxide layer belonged to the typical H2 type. However, excessive roasting temperature would lead to the phenomenon of crystal hardening and collapse on the catalyst surface, which reduced the specific surface area of the catalyst and decreased the catalytic efficiency.
  • Effect of fine powder on magnetic properties of gas-atomized Fe-Si-Al soft magnetic powder core
    XU Taotao, ZHANG Bowei, GUAN Wanwan, WAN Kun, SHI Xiaoyan, LIU Wei, ZOU Zhongqiu, SU Hailin, DU Youwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9098-9103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.014
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    Gas-atomized Fe-Si-Al soft magnetic powder cores with different fine powder mass ratios were prepared by the epoxy/silica composite insulation method in this paper. High-quality insulation layer based on silica was found to form on the surface of Fe-Si-Al magnetic particles. It limited the eddy current within the core effectively and thus resulted in good frequency stability of the core's effective permeability. The influence of the fine powder on the core's magnetic properties was investigated in detail. It was found that adding appropriate amount of fine powder helped the increase of the density of the powder core and the reduction of the core's effective demagnetizing field. As the consequence, both the effective permeability and the core loss were improved at the expense of the DC-Bias performance. However, the excessive addition of fine powder was found to be harmful for the core's magnetic properties. It reduced the core's density and enhanced the core's effective demagnetizing field, which resulted in the decrease of the effective permeability and the increase of the core loss. A preliminary study on the magnetic mechanism of the powder core prepared with fine powder was performed through separating the core loss at different frequencies for all the samples into the hysteresis loss and the eddy-current loss based on the Bertotti model. It was found that at frequencies below 120 kHz for the powder core, with the amount of fine powder increasing, the hysteresis loss, same as the total core loss, exhibited an increasing tendency after the initial decrease, while the eddy-current loss kept decreasing. This indicated that the eddy-current loss could be effectively restrained by the addition of the powder with a small size and the loss in the common frequency range below 100 kHz for powder core was mainly determined by the hysteresis mechanism based on the effective demagnetizing field.
  • Effect of cerium and zirconium co-doping on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide
    SHI Kaixuan, WANG Ruifen, AN Shengli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9104-9108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.015
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    The rare earth element Ce and the metal element Zr were used to dope modify TiO2. Several TiO2 photocatalysts with different doping ratios were prepared by the sol-gel method. The structure, spectral characterization and photocatalytic performance of the obtained Ce, Zr-TiO2 catalyst were characterized and the effect of cerium-zirconium co-doping on the hydrophobic properties of the samples was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis showed that the prepared samples were all anatase TiO2, and the lattice of TiO2 expanded after doping with cerium-zirconium. SEM results showed that the morphology of the obtained samples were sponge, and the particle size distribution was relatively uniform. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis) test results showed that TiO2 doped with cerium-zirconium had an enhanced ability to absorb visible light and increased the light absorption range. Fluorescence spectrum (PL) test results showed that the electron-hole pair recombination probability in the TiO2 samples doped with cerium-zirconium was reduced, and the carrier lifetime was increased. Water contact angle (WCA) experiments showed that the hydrophobicity of the sample was enhanced after doping with cerium-zirconium. The photocatalytic results showed that when the photodegradation time was 140 min, the sample with the 300 W xenon lamp as the light source had the highest degradation rate of rhodamine B and methylene blue solution with 0.5% M-TiO2, reaching 61.95% and 49.61%, respectively.
  • Comparison of phase transformation behaviors of annealed Ti-50Ni and Ti-45Ni-5Cu shape memory alloy wires
    ZHANG Kungang, HE Zhirong, WANG Fang, YE Junjie, DU Yuqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9109-9113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.016
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    The phase transformation behaviors of Ti-45Ni-5Cu and Ti-50Ni shape memory alloy wires annealed at 350～700 ℃ were comparatively investigated by X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The composition phases of Ti-45Ni-5Cu and Ti-50Ni alloy wires were all monoclinic martensite B19′. With increasing annealing temperature, the phase transformation type of Ti-50Ni shape memory alloy wire changed from B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2 type to B2→B19′/B19′→B2 type upon cooling/heating (B2, CsCl; R, rhombohedral; B19′, monoclinic). The reverse martensitic transformation temperature changed in the range of 72～80 ℃, and the temperature hysteresis changed in the range of 41～33 ℃. The phase transformation type of Ti-45Ni-5Cu shape memory alloy wire was B2→B19′/B19′→B2 type constantly upon cooling/heating, the reverse martensitic transformation temperature changed in the range of 46～65 ℃, and the temperature hysteresis changed in the range of 22～24 ℃. Comparing with Ti-50Ni shape memory alloy wire, the phase transformation type was stable, the phase transformation temperature was low, and the temperature hysteresis was narrow in the Ti-45Ni-5Cu shape memory alloy wire. The Ti-45Ni-5Cu shape memory alloy with narrow temperature hysteresis could be used to make temperature sensitive actuators.
  • One-step synthesis of sulfonic acid functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymer solid acid catalyzed by sulfuric acid
    ZHOU Zijian, WANG Cui, PAN Huajie, MA Xueping, JING Shuaiqi, SHEN Shuguang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9114-9119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.017
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    Sulfonic acid functionalized hyper-crosslinked polymer solid acid was synthesized in one step under the catalysis of sulfuric acid. One-step synthesis successfully solved the problem of rapid polymerization and simplified the synthesis routes. Different samples were synthesized by changing the usage of sulfuric acid and their structures were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, XPS and N2 adsorption/desorption. The polymerization process was analyzed by experimental design, and the results showed that although it was a one-step reaction, there were two processes of polymerization and sulfonation, and they were competitive. The catalytic activity of obtained samples were evaluated in the hydrolysis process of cellulose, and the hydrolysis conditions were optimized.
  • Preparation of cathode material by hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide and its efficiency evaluation
    CAO Chuan, REN Ruipeng, LYU Yongkang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9120-9125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.018
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    Hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (HRGO) was synthesized by hydrothermal method. It was prepared as cathode material and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and XPS. Its microstructure and functional group changes after hydrothermal reduction were analyzed. HRGO was used as a catalyst to prepare a cathode air electrode for in situ hydrogen peroxide production. Through optimization experiments, the optimal conditions for generating hydrogen peroxide were obtained. The optimal conditions were 5% HRGO addition, pH=3, PTFE emulsion:acetylene black=1∶4, current density 5 mA/cm2, and rotating speed 300 r/min. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum hydrogen peroxide concentration reach 72.7 mg/L after 90 min electrocatalytic process.
  • Blood compatibility and cell viability of alkali treated shellac coatings
    REN Qian, QIN Lina, JING Fengjuan, XIE Dong, HUANG Nan, LENG Yongxiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9126-9133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.019
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    The shellac was treated by sodium hydroxide and then spin-coated to prepare shellac coatings with good adhesion force and blood compatibility. The microstructure, surface morphology and adhesion force of the coatings were analyzed by Fourier infrared absorption spectrum (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Water contact Angle meter (WCA), and scratching and bending tests. The platelet adhesion test and hemolysis assay were used to evaluate the blood compatibility of the coatings. The cell viability and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells were analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The results show that the adhesion force of the alkali-treated shellac coating was significantly improved than untreated shellac coatings. The alkali-treated shellac coatings could effectively inhibit platelet adhesion and activation compared to 316L SS sample and showed low hemolysis rate of less than 5%, indicating blood combability of the coatings. The viability and proliferation of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of the alkali-treated shellac coatings were significantly suppressed compared to that of 316 L SS. Alkali-treated shellac coating was a potential material for surface modification of cardiovascular devices such as venous thrombus filters to reduce the risk of tissue adhesion.
  • Preparation of Ag-In/ZnO nanorods on polyester fabric surface and durability finishing
    XIE Mingrui, WANG Liming, SHEN Yong, XU Lihui, QIU Yu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9134-9139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.020
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    In this paper, rod-shaped nano ZnO and Ag/In modified ZnO composites with different doping ratio were prepared by hydrothermal method with Zn(NO3)2·6(H2O), C6H12N4, AgNO3 and In(NO3)3 as raw materials. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and UV protection coefficient tester. The results showed that the degradation rate of methylene blue in aqueous solution reached 90.17% when 10%Ag-4%In/ZnO was exposed to UV light for 120 min, and almost completely degraded when exposed to UV light for 180 min, showing excellent photocatalytic activity of ZnO sample. After 10% Ag-4%In/ZnO treated the modified polyester fabric, the UV shielding level was up to 50 +, so it had good UV resistance property.
  • Studyon preparation and durability of viscoelastic tape and polyurethane FRP
    ZHAO Ming
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9140-9145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.021
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    The viscoelastic tape and the polyurethane FRP material which could be solidified underwater were prepared by single screw extruder mixing and hand lay up, respectively. The UV aging and seawater corrosion resistance of viscoelastic tape and polyurethane FRP were studied by means of UV aging and hygrothermal accelerated aging tests, tensile strength retention rate, elongation at break retention rate and SEM spectrum test. The permeability model of the composite coating of viscoelastic tape/polyurethane FRP was established by using the mass change rate test and Fick's second diffusion law, and the resistance life of viscoelastic tape and polyurethane FRP was predicted. The results showed that the tensile strength of the material was 124 MPa, the elongation at break of the viscoelastic tape was 125.0%, and the peel strength to steel was 5 N/cm. After UV aging for 3000 h, the retention rate of tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethane FRP and viscoelastic tape were 67.7% and 73.6%, respectively. After 720 h of accelerated aging, the retention rate of tensile strength and elongation at break of polyurethane FRP and viscoelastic tape were 54.0% and 88.0%, respectively. The service life of viscoelastic tape/polyurethane FRP composite coating was about 35.9a, which was much longer than that of common anticorrosive coating.
  • Preparation and properties of a flexible electrode for the piezoelectric sensor
    LI Jie, FANG Zhaozhou, WANG Chen, LI Yingchun, HAN Jing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9146-9150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.022
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    The quaternary ammonium salt of crosslinked chitosan prepared by chemical crosslinking method was used as the flexible substrate. After micro-stretching, PEDOT: PSS was brushed on it to prepare the flexible electrode. Further, the flexible piezoelectric sensor was obtained by assembling the flexible electrode with the self-made PVDF-TrFE/ZnO quantum dot composite piezoelectric film. The quasi-static d33 tester was used to test the piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric film, and the mechanical and electrical properties of the flexible electrode were tested by universal tensile testing machine and multimeter, respectively. The output performance of the piezoelectric sensor was tested by excitor test. The results show that the tensile strength of flexible electrode was 3.3 MPa and the elongation at break was 762.3%. The resistance of flexible electrode was 1.68 k Ω. The d33 piezoelectric constant of PVDF-TrFE /ZnO film with two layers of spin coating was 26.1 pC/N. The output voltage of the fully flexible piezoelectric sensor was 4.46 V.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of polypyrrole/chitosan/graphene oxide composite electrode by layered electrodeposition and its application in CDI technology
    XUE Juanqin, WANG Wenqiao, SUN Qixin, ZHANG Yujie, MAO Weibo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9151-9158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.023
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    Polypyrrole/chitosan/graphene oxide (PPy/CS/GO) composites were successfully prepared by electrochemical deposition and used to removing heavy metal ions from wastewaterfor CDI technology. It could be seen from SEM, FT-IR and XPS that the PPy/CS/GO composite had a sandwich structure. PPy and CS were spherical and wrapped by GO sheets. The three were combined with each other by chemical bonds. The electrochemical characteristics and adsorption/desorption properties of PPy/CS/GO composites were tested and analyzed. The results show that compared with PPy electrodes, PPy/CS/GO composite electrodes had higher capacitance (165.03 F/g) and lower charge transfer resistance (1.959 Ω). The adsorption capacity of the PPy/CS/GO composite electrode was 35.53 mg/g, which was about 2.03 times of that of PPy electrode (17.46 mg/g). During the multiple adsorption/desorption processes, there was no significant decrease in the amount of adsorption. The addition of CS and GO had greatly improved the CDI performance of PPy. Therefore, PPy/CS/GO composite materials had great potential for development as high-performance electrode materials for capacitive deionization technology.
  • Key technological parameters and experimental verification of AZ31 magnesium alloy solid solution treatment
    XUE Chun, CHU Zhibing, SU Hui, LI Wei, MA Lifeng, LI Yugui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9159-9165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.024
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    AZ31 magnesium alloy is limited in engineering application because of its poor mechanical properties. In this paper, AZ31 magnesium alloy was treated by solid solution at different time and temperature to change the internal structure of magnesium alloy, so as to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy. The tensile stress-strain curves and parameters, metallographic graphs and fracture section morphologies of the alloy after solution treatment were analyzed by means of tensile test, OM and SEM. The results show that with the increase of solution treatment temperature and time, recrystallization and homogenization occurred in the grains of magnesium alloys, which improved the tensile strength of the alloys after solution treatment, increased the number of dimples in the cross-section morphology, and enlarged the elongation as a whole. As the tensile speed increased, the tensile strength of the alloy increased and the elongation decreased. But when the tensile speed decreased, it's the opposite. It had certain reference significance for the improvement of the properties of magnesium alloy in solid solution treatment and engineering application.
  • Design and synthesis of a new red long afterglow material
    LIU Dongwei, WANG Yuhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9166-9170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.025
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    A new red long afterglow phosphor Na9Ge5GaZn4O10:Pr3+ was synthesized by high temperature solid phase method at 1100 ℃. The synthesized sample was determined to be mono-phase by measuring X-ray powder diffraction, and the bandgap was calculated to be 5.14 eV after measuring the diffuse reflection spectrum of the sample. The emission spectrum of the sample was at 527, 611, 650, 713 and 730 nm, among which the emission peak at 650 nm was the strongest, emitting red light, and the excitation peak was at 483 nm. Then, the decay curve of afterglow of the sample was measured, and the optimal doping concentration was 2% and afterglow time was about 2.5 h. The trap situation was analyzed through thermoluminescence of the sample, and the trap depth was calculated to be about 0.65 eV. Finally, the mechanism of afterglow was briefly described.
  • Study on surface structure regulation and electrocatalytic oxidation of Cu-based amorphous alloys
    GAO Meiyu, MA Guofeng, LIU Zhiyang, SHI Deyang, LIU Yulong, HE Chunlin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9171-1977. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.026
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    By regulating the concentration of hydrofluoric acid and the corrosion time, uniform porous layer structure was prepared on the surface of Cu-based amorphous alloy to improve its electro-catalytic oxidation performance and develop a high activity and low cost catalyst. The structure and composition of amorphous alloy strip were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of strips after corrosion. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry were performed on Cu-based amorphous alloy by electrochemical workstation. The effects of corrosion process parameters and Ni addition on electric-catalytic oxidation performance of Cu-base amorphous alloy were studied. The results show that HF treatment could activate cu-based amorphous. The oxidation of methanol increased first and then decreased with the increasing corrosion concentration and corrosion time. Changing the composition of the alloy and adding Ni element could improve its electro-catalytic oxidation performance.
  • CAG peptide modified magnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles and its effect on endothelial cells
    BIAN Qihao, SUN Wencong, ZENG Zheng, WANG Huanran,
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9178-9184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.027
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    In the cardiovascular system, endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining the steady state of the vascular environment and are the key to repairing damaged blood vessels. Magnetic ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NP) have good magnetic targeting and attract much attention in the field of biomaterials. However, poor cell compatibility severely limits its application in the field of cardiovascular and endothelial cell therapy. In this study, through surface modification of Fe3O4-NP, CAG peptides with good affinity for endothelial cells were introduced to the surface of nanoparticles to obtain functionalized Fe3O4-CAG nanoparticles so as to improve the cell compatibility of nanoparticles. The results showed that the dispersion of Fe3O4-CAG particles was improved and the magnetic properties were reduced. The activity of endothelial cells could be enhanced and the proliferation rate could be increased by 187.4%. Under the action of an external magnetic field, the endothelial cells could be induced to migrate directionally and the migration distance increased by 33.5%. The results of this study indicate that by modifying CAG polypeptide on the surface of Fe3O4-NP, it provided a new method for its research and application in the cardiovascular system and vascular repair.
  • Preparation and gas sensing properties of Co-doped ZnO porous materials derived by bimetal MOF
    TAO Guoqing, CHENG Zhixuan, ZHANG Dan, XU Jiaqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9185-9192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.028
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    In this paper, bimetallic MOF(ZnCo-MOF) materials containing a small amount of metal element Co was prepared by a facile solution reaction at room temperature. The effects of calcinations temperature and composition on morphology and specific surface area were studied. The optimized synthesis process was adopted as heating rate of 1 ℃/min and sintering temperature/time of 600 ℃/3. The structures and morphologies of the porous materials were characterized by means of XRD, FESEM, TGA and BET. The gas-sensitive properties of the porous nanomaterials with or without Co prepared at different sintering temperatures to acetone were studied and compared. The results show that 1.5% Co-doped ZnO porous materials sintered under 600 ℃/3 h had the best gas sensing properties. The response value of the porous materials to acetone gas of 50 ×10-6 could reach 54 at the optimum operating temperature of 270 ℃, limit of detection was calculated to be 0.3 ×10-6, and owned the advantages of low operating temperature, high sensitivity and good selectivity.
  • Preparation of TiO2/PC-CS and photocatalytic degradation of solubilized toluene in wastewater
    WANG Aijing, WU Tengfei, PENG Xiao, GUO Fengnan,
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9193-9200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.029
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    In this study, a novel photocatalyst of TiO2/porous carbon-carbon sphere (TiO2/PC-CS) composites was prepared by a sol-gel combined hydrothermal method. The obtained materials were characterized via SEM, XRD, contact angle analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR. The photocatalytic performance was measured by degrading the simulated wastewater contained toluene solubilized by TX-100. Based on the characterizations and photocatalytic results, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The results reveal that the as-obtained PC showed favorable features for adsorption, such as high specific surface area and developed pore structure. After loading CS and TiO2, the interface hydrophilicity of the composites was adjusted, and Ti-O-C bond was formed between TiO2 and PC-CS. The photocatalytic degradation process of solubilized toluene was consistent with the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation, and the correlation coefficient was above 0.97. Compared with photocatalytic degradation effect of toluene and TX-100, it could be seen that the TiO2/PC-CS had selective adsorption and degradation ability in treating solubilized toluene in wastewater. In the case of the concentration of TX-100 was 0.2 mmol / L at 25 ℃, the selective photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TiO2/10% (PC-CS) towards toluene was as high as 87.45%.
  • Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Ca0.7Sr0.18-0.15x MoO4: Eu3+0.08:Gd3+x of red phosphor powder for white LED
    JIANG Xiurong, ZHANG Qinying, LIU Kaiming, JIANG Cheng, ZHENG Wenjin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9201-9207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.030
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    By hydrothermal synthesis method for Gd3+ doping, phosphors precursor was prepared with Eu3+ as activator and glutamate (Glu) as auxiliary complexing agent. And a series of CaSrMoO4:Eu3+:Gd3+ red phosphors were obtained under 800 ℃ calcination. The structure and morphology of the red phosphor were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectrum (PL) was used to measure the luminous performance and life of phosphor powder, and color coordinate (CIE) analysis was performed on the results. The results showed that with the introduction of Gd3+, the energy exchanged between Eu3+ and the size of the prepared red phosphor was realized. Doping Gd3+ ions had little effect on the crystal structure, and the crystal was a tetragonal structure with uniform particle size distribution and small particle size, ranging from 1.0 to 1.3 μm. Ultraviolet light at 395 nm and visible light at 465 nm could be effectively excited, which was matched with ultraviolet LED and blue LED chips, and its fluorescence life was 460.67 ms. The color coordinate test result was more close to the standard red color coordinate than the commercial one, which conformed to the standard requirements of the Color TV Flash Powder Issued in China and was close to the standard value of the National Television Standard Committee of the United States. It has the potential to become a commercial red flash powder.
  • Synthesis of anode material SnO2/hard-carbon for Li-ion battery and effect of water binder on its electrochemical performance
    LI Lingfang, ZENG Bin, YUAN Zhipeng, HU Zhuang, FAN Changling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(9): 9208-9213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.09.031
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    In this paper, SnO2@hard-carbon composites with nano-single crystal structure were prepared by hydrothermal method by using cellulose as carbon source and SnCl4·5H2O as tin source. Its composition and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Then two anode electrodes were prepared by using PVDF and sodium alginate as binder respectively, and their electrochemical performance was confirmed by galvanostatic charge-discharge test. The results show that the compatibility of sodium alginate and SnO2@hard-carbon composite is better, and the electrode material has better rate performance and cycle performance. It has a capacity of about 400 mAh/g at high current density of 2 A/g, and the capacity retention is 89% after 100 cycles. After disassembling the coin cell, it was found that the electrode material with sodium alginate as binder still adhered colsely to the Cu foil after several cycles. Sodium alginate is rich in carboxyl groups, which can from a complex with SnO2 and make the charge-discharge process more stable.
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