30 May 2020, Volume 51 Issue 5

    

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Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2019)
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  Experimental study onhealing cracks of recycledconcrete by Bacillus repair agent

  ZHANG Weimin, LIU Chao, QUAN Zonggang, FU Guangming, ZHU Chao, LIU Huawei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5001-5006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.001

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  Based on the variation parameters of Bacillus concentration and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate, the apparent changes, failure morphology and Bacillus repair of the recycled aggregate concrete specimens were analyzed. The results show that the cracking change and failure mode of the concrete specimens were similar to those of ordinary concrete specimens when the replacement rate of recycled aggregates was low, and there was no significant fluctuation in repair efficiency with the change of the concentration of Bacillus. With the increase of the replacement rate of recycled aggregates, the crack growth rate of recycled aggregate concrete was higher than that of ordinary concrete. When the replacement rate was less than 30%, the repair effect of recycled concrete after cracking was not obvious, and the deterioration of ordinary concrete strength and ion erosion resistance was greater than that of recycled concrete. After the replacement rate exceeded 30%, the degradation of ordinary concrete against ion erosion was more significant than that of recycled concrete. With the increase of the concentration of Bacillus, the increase of reclaimed concrete repair was obviously larger than that of ordinary concrete. When the concentration exceeded 30%, the ability of Bacillus repair in the test piece was degraded and the repair effect was still better than ordinary concrete.
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  Preparation and properties of phase change thermalstorage mortar incorporating capric-stearicacid/organic expanded vermiculite

  LIU Fengli, HU Guofeng, LIU Junhua, ZHUO Yachao, ZHU Jiaoqun, MA Baoguo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5007-5012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.002

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  Using capric acid-stearic acid (CA-SA) as thermal storage material and organic expanded vermiculite (OEV) obtained by hydrophobic modification of expanded vermiculite (EV) by sodium stearate (NaSt) as support material, the shape-stable phase change material (OEV/CA-SA) was prepared by melt blending method. And then OEV/CA-SA was mixed with gypsum to form phase change thermal storage mortar. Results showed that the phase transition temperature and latent heat of OEV/CA-SA were 21.48 ℃ and 61.65 J/g, respectively. After 100 thermal cycles, the thermal stability of OEV/CA-SA was good. With the increase of OEV/CA-SA content, the latent heat of phase change thermal storage mortar gradually increased, but its compressive strength decreased continuously. Phase change thermal storage mortar with 10% OEV/CA-SA had optimal performance. Its phase transition temperature was 20.37 ℃ and latent heat was 7.95 J/g. 28-day absolute dry compressive strength, water-saturated compressive strength and softening coefficient factor were 7.2 MPa, 3.9 MPa and 0.54, respectively. It had good mechanical performance, water resistance, heat storage and temperature adjustment performance.
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  Research progress of new sound absorbing materials andsound absorption models

  LIANG Lisi, GUO Wenlong, ZHANG Yu, LI linbo, DU Jinjing, LIU Manbo, ZANG Xuyuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5013-5019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.003

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  Firstly, the classification and principle of sound absorption materials were briefly introduced, and some traditional sound absorption materials were summarized. It was found that although they have good sound absorption effect, there are still the following problems: (1) easy to produce secondary pollution, (2) short service life, (3) limited application scope, (4) high cost of some materials, and so on. In view of the disadvantages of traditional sound absorption materials, the characteristics and development status of new sound absorption materials represented by aluminum foam and its composite structure, fiber composite sound absorption material, particle composite sound absorption material, porous resonance structure and polymer sound absorption material were discussed. The porous materials based on the theory of circular tubes were analyzed. From the aspects of raw materials, price, performance and so on, the new sound absorption materials have more advantages than the traditional sound absorption materials, so the material sources are more extensive, the price is lower, and the environmental protection is the development trend of sound absorption materials in the future.
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  Carboxymethylation and bioactivity of hemicellulosesisolated from APMP waste liquor

  CHEN Ting, LIU Haitang, LIU Jing, LI Jie, AN Yongzhen, ZHANG Xiaochen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5020-5026. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.004

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  Hemicellulose was extracted from eucalyptus APMP (alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping) waste liquor by alcohol precipitation method and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Using the extracted hemicellulose as a raw material, the carboxymethylation was modified by etherification, and the effects of temperature (T), the amount of alkali (NaOH) and the amount of etherifying agent (ClCH₂COOH) on the degree of substitution (DS) were investigated. Characterization and biological activity research of hemicellulose (HC) and carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CMHC), mainly antioxidant, moisture absorption, moisture retention and bacteriostatic were performed. The results show that the main component of hemicellulose extracted from APMP waste liquor was xylan. The optimal preparation conditions for CMHC were reaction time of 2 h, reaction temperature of 75 ℃, the molar ratio of HC, NaOH and ClCH₂COOH of 1∶1∶2, and the highest degree of substitution of 1.47. Determined by experiments, CMHC had better effects on oxidation resistance, hygroscopicity, moisture retention and bacteriostatic than HC.
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  Study on the synthesis of superplasticizer for basic magnesiumsuifate cement

  XU Xun, HUANG Huiqing, HU Zongyue

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5027-5033. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.005

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  Basic magnesium sulfate cement is a new type of cement developed in recent years. At present, the superplasticizer on the market is directed at Portland cement system. Therefore, the research and development of superplasticizer matched with basic magnesium sulfate cement has the significance of supporting the engineering application of the cement. In this paper, the single factor method and orthogonal test method were used to study the synthesis ratio of naphthalene superplasticizer. The effect of the pH value, dosage and sulfate content of on the fluidity and the loss of basic magnesium sulfate cement paste was studied. The experimental results show that the effect of the synthesis ratio on the performance of naphthalene superplasticizer was as follows: acid naphthalene ratio > aldehyde naphthalene ratio > water naphthalene ratio. And the optimal ratio was acid naphthalene ratio of 1.4, aldehyde naphthalene ratio of 0.96, and water naphthalene ratio of 3.5. When the water gray ratio was 0.48, the fluidity reached 194 mm after the addition of 4.4% (based on the weight of burned magnesia powder) naphthalene superplasticizer. The effect of the water reducing agent pH on the fluidity was not significant. With the increase of the sulfate content, more magnesium sulfate crystals were precipitated in the system, which resulted in a decrease in the fluidity of the paste. Compared with commercial naphthalene superplasticizer, the fluidity loss of pastes containing self-made naphthalene superplasticizer was better.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress of polyvinyl alcohol based shapememory composites

  SHI Wenzhao, MA Chaoqun, LIU Jinshu, WU Mengting, XING Jianwei, LI Susong, HUANG Yayi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5034-5042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.006

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  With the rapid development of shape memory composites, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based shape memory composites with good biocompatibility are receiving widespread attention. The preparation method of PVA based shape memory composites, such as physical blending methods of solution casting, cyclic freezing and thawing, in-situ polymerization blending, physical embedding, laminating, coprecipitating, and blending followed by supercritical drying and chemical crosslinking methods were introduced. The characteristics and research progress of above-mentioned preparing methods were also discussed in details. The related application research and progress of PVA based shape memory composites on biomedical fields, such as drug sustained release, scaffolds for tissue engineering and photosensor were analyzed and discussed. Finally, it was proposed that the development of PVA based composites with multi-stimulus response and multi-functionality would be the research trend of shape memory composite materials in the future. PVA based shape memory composite materials with excellent comprehensive properties would play an important role in the field of biomedical composite materials.
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  Research status of post-processing of 3D printing metal parts

  YANG Xin, WANG Wanlin, FAN Yazhuo, MA Wenjun, WANG Yan, YANG Jungang, LIU Shifeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5043-5052. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.007

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  3D printing technology has the characteristics of not requiring mold and manufacturing cost to be insensitive to the complexity of design, and is suitable for manufacturing complex structure products such as structure-function integration, bionics design, lightweight dot matrix structure, thin wall and the like. However, due to some unavoidable defects in the interior and surface, it is necessary to combine appropriate post-treatment to improve the microstructure and defects of the metal parts. In this paper, the research progress of different post-processing of 3D printing parts from domestic and foreign scholars were summarized from three aspects of microstructure, internal defects and surface defects, and the mainstream direction of future 3D printing post-processing research was analyzed, providing a reference for 3D printing technology to produce more qualified parts.
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  Application status of platinum-iridium alloys

  XIAO Yuchen, TANG huiyi, WU baoan, LI Feng, WANG Jiansheng, LUO weifan, LIU qingbin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5053-5059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.008

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  Platinum iridium alloys possess high chemical stability, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, high temperature resistance and high catalytic activity, and have been widely applied in transportation, biomedical, energy, chemical and other fields. In this paper, the typical application fields of platinum iridium alloys were reviewed, such as electrical contact materials, spark plug electrodes, biomedicine, catalysts and etc. The further developing directions of platinum iridium alloys were discussed briefly.
Research & Development
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  A study of the hybrid solar cell fabricated with Sb₂S₃nanoparticles sensitized TiO₂ branched nanorod array

  HAO Yanzhong, QIAN Jin, LI Jingqi, PEI Juan, LI Yingpin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5060-5064. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.009

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  Branched TiO₂ nanorod (B-NR) array were prepared on conducting glass (FTO) by two-step hydrothermal method. Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited on branched TiO₂ nanorod array (B-NRA) substrates by low temperature chemical bath deposition (CBD). The P3HT and Spiro-OMeTAD were spin-coated on the TiO₂/Sb₂S₃ composite membrane structure successively to form hybrid solar cell with TiO₂(B-NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD as photoactive layer. Through the photoelectric performance test of hybrid solar cell, the results show that branched TiO₂ nanorod array had high light absorption intensity, large specific surface area and multi-stage charge transport channels. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the hybrid solar cell assembled with the TiO₂(B-NRA)/Sb₂S₃/P3HT/Spiro-OMeTAD composite membrane structure was 4.67%.
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  Effects of rare earth elements on the microstructures of phosphate glasses

  LI Haijian, YI Jianhua, WANG Changjian, QIN Zhao, XU Yi, SUN Zhihua, ZHAO Fengqi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5065-5069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.010

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  Rare earth phosphate glasses have been obtained by using a solid melt-quench technique, which were used to explore the influence of rare earth contents and species on the formation, crystalline products and morphology and microstructures of phosphate glasses. XRD indicated that the studied base glass containing up to 10 mol% of rare earth oxides (Y₂O₃、La₂O₃ and Sm₂O₃) were amorphous. The identified crystalline phases REPO₄ occurred when rare earth oxides were more than 12 mol%. SEM-EDS showed the morphology and composition of the crystalline phases. The main work in the paper was that FT-IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the microstructures of phosphate glasses. The vibration modes of microstructures, the effects of rare earth contents (Sm₂O₃) and species to the glasses were characterized. The results show that the addition of Sm₂O₃ reduced the strengths of P=O bonds and P-O-P rings, and the Sm-O-P bonds appeared. Relative areas of different bands were obtained and analyzed by using a Gaussian type function. It was found that the higher cation field strength of rare earth led to the smaller relative area of the P=O bonds in the IR spectra of rare earth glasses. The effects of rare earth on the structural units of glasses were also explored.
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  Microwave absorption properties of graphite powder

  LIU Xi, ZHANG Yangde, QIAO Liang, YE Weichun, JIN Zengshou

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5070-5075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.011

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  Nanometer graphite powder was prepared by detonation method. The nanometer graphite powder was characterized. Raman spectra and X-ray diffractometer showed that the sample was graphite with an average particle size of 30 nm. TEM results showed that the synthesized nanometer graphite powder was spherical. Composite materials with different volume fractions were prepared. The dielectric constant was measured by vector network analyzer and the wave absorption performance was calculated. The results show that the sample of nanometer graphite powder AM4 with high specific surface area had better impedance matching characteristics than the sample of W4 with amorphous carbon at the same volume fraction of 5%, and the maximum reflection loss of AM4 sample at C-band was -40 dB.
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  Preparation and properties of PVA/FA/H-ZSM-11 proton exchangemembranes

  LI Hongji, PAN Guangchao, LIU Yuqi, DING Bingyao, YANG Jing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5076-5081. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.012

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  Different concentrations of poly(vinyl alcohol)/fumaric acid/H-ZSM-11 molecular sieves (PVA/FA/H-ZSM-11) based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been prepared by solution casting method. The structural and electrical properties of these composite membranes have been characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TG-DTG). Swelling ratio and conductivity measurement were also analyzed for the prepared PVA/FA/H-ZSM-11 composite membranes and presented. The results show that the highest proton conductivity under fully hydrated state at 24 h was measured as 13.59×10^-2 s/cm for PVA: FA: H-ZSM-11 (12:0.5:1) composition, and the swelling ratio was 14.17%. In this study, it is clearly shown that H-ZSM-11 zeolites contributed to the proton conductivity by forming hydrogen bonds with the polymer network in the membrane, as well restrained the membrane swelling. This swelling process conformed to the Schott`s second swelling kinetics model, and the thermal stability of membranes increased in this condition.
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  Efficient planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by antisolvent method

  YU Man

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5082-5086. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.013

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  In the process of one-step spin coating preparation of the perovskite active layer, the photovoltaic performance of the planar perovskite solar cell prepared by the antisolvent method was investigated by treatment with no solvent chlorobenzene. The control and anti-solvent prepared perovskite films and devices were characterized by SEM, XRD, J-V and IPCE. The results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the planar perovskite solar cell obtained by the antisolvent method was as high as 16.05%, which was 31.44% higher than that of the control group. The result of the transient photovoltage also reveals that the carrier lifetime behind it was longer, indicating that the carrier recombination in the device prepared by the anti-solvent method was effectively suppressed.
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  Magnetic properties of Sr_2-xGa_xFeMoO₆

  HU Yanchun, SHI Yongchuang, GUO Tengyu, WANG Xianwei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5087-5091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.014

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  Sr_2-xGa_xFeMoO₆(x=0.00,0.03,0.05)were successfully prepared by solid state reaction. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples show that all the samples are tetragonal and the space group is I4 / m. The results of low temperature magnetization measurement show that only a small magnetic field is needed to make the sample reach the saturation state. The Curie temperatures of the samples are 370 K, 355 K and 338 K respectively through field cooling curves of samples. With the increase of doping amount, the magnetic transition range of the sample is broadened. The maximum change of magnetic entropy of x=0.00 sample appears near Curie temperature. Under 2.5T magnetic field, the maximum change of magnetic entropy is 0.59 J/kg·K and the relative cooling power under 2.5T magnetic field is 68.88 J/kg.
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  Optoelectronic properties of synthesized Sb doped ZnO nanowires

  SU Mingming, ZHANG Tanglei, DING Baoyu, SHEN Jie, ZHANG Xianghui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5092-5096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.015

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  In this paper, different content of antimony (Sb) doped znic oxide (ZnO) nanowires were epitaxially deposited on sapphire (c-Al₂O₃) by chemical vapor deposition method. The morphology, composition and photoelectric properties of Sb doped ZnO nanowires were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, PL and Hall effect measurement, respectively. The XPS results showed that Sb atoms were successfully incorporated into ZnO nanowires crystal structure. The PL spectral analysis showed that as the Sb doping content increasing, the defect concentration of the nanowire increased, and the crystallinity of the nanowire deteriorated. The Hall effect test results showed that the nanowires were exhibit p-type conductivity within the doping content range of 3~4.5%.
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  Electrochemical reduction mechanism of Ta (V) on tungstenelectrode inNaF-KF-K₂TaF₇ molten salt

  HUANG Jingming, TIAN Yabin, ZHANG Xiaohu, YE Changmei, YANG Shaohua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5097-5102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.016

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  Tantalum coating by molten salt plating has high melting point and ablation resistance. In order to explore the reaction mechanism and nucleate of tantalum in electroplating process, the electrochemical process and electrochemistry of tantalum ion on inert tungsten electrode were studied at 1 073 K with 32.52 wt% NaF-67.48 wt% KF (molar ratio 2∶3) eutectic salt as electrolyte system with 2% potassium fluotantalate added. Pt worked as reference electrode and tungsten rod worked as counter electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronopotentiometry were employed. The results showed that the electrochemical reduction process of Ta(V) was an irreversible one-step reaction transfer process controlled by diffusion. The electrode reaction equation was: Ta(V)+5e^-=Ta. According to the cyclic voltammetry and Randles-Sevcik equation, the diffusion coefficient of Ta(V) at 1 073 K was 4.126×10^-5 cm²/s, and the chronoamperometric curve showed that the nucleation mode of TA (V) on tungsten electrode was instantaneous at 1 073 K.
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  Preparation and etching behavior of highly pure Ti₂AlNpowders from TiH₂ as Ti source

  GUO Yitong, WANG Junkai, HU Qianku, WANG Libo, ZHOU Aiguo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5103-5110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.017

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  In this paper, instead of titanium powder, titanium hydride (TiH₂) powders were mixed with aluminum nitride (AlN) powders to synthesize highly pure ternary nitride Ti₂AlN powders. TiH₂ and AlN powders were mixed for 12 h at a molar ratio of 2:1, and then placed in a tube furnace protected by a flowing argon atmosphere for high temperature treatment. The formation mechanism of Ti₂AlN was investigated by phase analysis of the products obtained by heat treatment at different temperatures and different time. It was found that the Ti₂AlN powders obtained at 1400 ℃ for 2 h had the highest purity of about 96.2 wt.%. Under the same conditions, the Ti₂AlN synthesized from Ti powders as Ti source had the purity of 80.2 wt.%. Thus TiH₂ powders were better Ti sources than Ti powders to synthesize Ti₂AlN, due to the lower cost and higher purity of synthesized samples. The corrosion behavior of the synthesized Ti₂AlN powders in different acid solutions (KF-HCl, NaF-HCl and NH₄F-HCl) was also studied. It was found that fragment cluster-type was obtained when Ti2AlN (~ 2 g) was immersed in the KF-HCl mixture (obtained by dissolving 2 g KF in 40 mL of 6 M HCl) and stirred at 50 °C for 48 h. However, two-dimensional Ti2N MXene could not be obtained through selective etching method.
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  Preparation of the magnetic nano-assembly structureand its study of fluorescence detection in biomolecules

  FENG Zhiqi, ZUO Xianwei, LIU Yidan, HAN Genliang, LI Gongnong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5111-5117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.018

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  In this work, the innovative synthesis of the magnetic nanofunctional assembly (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@COOH@NTA-Ni) was presented. Magnetic nanocluster (Fe₃O₄) was initially synthesized by solvothermal method, and then coated by SiO₂ via the sol-gel process. Afterwards, the carboxylation modification was carried out with carboxyl silane reagent to connect with NTA. Finally, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@COOH@NTA-Ni was prepared successfully by introducing different concentrations of Ni²⁺. Moreover, the morphology, zeta potential, chemical composition, the density of carboxyl, magnetism and the content of Ni²⁺ of all intermediates were characterized. Meanwhile, the magnetic nano-functional assembly was used to detect his label protein and non-his labeled protein respectively, and the influence of the fluorescence of the assembly on the detection was studied. The results show that magnetic nanocluster (Fe₃O₄) and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ had good dispersion. The density of carboxyl group on the surface reached 0.5 μmol/mg after carboxylation, and the intermediates had good stability in deionized water. The Ni²⁺ content of 1 g magnetic nanometer functional assembly was also as high as 8.693×10^-5 mol. The magnetic nano-functional assembly had high saturation magnetization and super paramagnetism. More importantly, by adding eluent and detecting supernatant, the influence of self-fluorescence of the magnetic nano-functional assembly on the detection was solved, thus expanding its application in drug screening, enzyme detection and other fields.
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  Discussion on theanharmonic effect of phase diagramof metal-based epitaxial graphene

  GAO Junhua, ZHENG Ruilun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5118-5123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.019

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  In this paper, considering the atomic anharmonic vibration, a physical model was established. The solid state physics theory and method were applied to study the possible states and phase diagrams of the metal-based epitaxial graphene electronic system. Taking the epitaxial graphene on the tungsten substrate as an example, the effects of atomic non-resonant motion and electron repulsion on the phase diagram were discussed. The results show that the metal-based epitaxial graphene electronic system had three possible phases: the antiferromagnetic phase of the spin wave state (BC), the paramagnetic phase of the charge density state (BZ), and the semimetal phase of the semimetal state (PM). Secondly, the phase exhibited by the epitaxial graphene depended on the change of the internal electron association U of the atom in the graphene and the electron correlation G between the atoms. For tungsten-based epitaxial graphene, when U=0.33284 eVand G=0.11904 eV, it would exhibit the three-phase coexistence of semi-metal phase, antiferromagnetic phase and paramagnetic phase. Thirdly, the anharmonic vibration of an atom had an important influence on the phase diagram of metal-based epitaxial graphene. If the atomic non-harmonic vibration was not considered, the phase transition curve of the epitaxial graphene was independent of temperature, while considering the atomic anharmonic vibration, the phase transition curve was not only related to temperature, but also required higher conditions for the phase transition, that was the stronger atomic internal electron correlation U. The higher the temperature, the more difficult the semi-metal-antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition occurred, and the atomic anharmonic vibration effect was more pronounced.
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  Effect of total metal content on structure and properties ofSn/Cu/PA6 ternary composites

  LI Guanglin, XIA Honglei, LI Ming, YANG Wenbin, HE Jiangping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5124-5129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.020

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  The Sn/Cu/PA6 composites were prepared by melt blending, and the effects of total metal content on their structure and properties were investigated under different Sn-to-Cu content ratios (V_Sn/V_Cu). The results show that when V_Sn/V_Cu was relatively high, the morphology of the metal phase gradually changed from an isolated "island" to a physically continuous conductive network with the increase of the total metal content. At the same time, increasing the total metal content led to an increase in the electrical conductivity and impact toughness of the composite, which was related to the formation of a physical continuous metal network in the matrix. Sn/Cu/PA6 composites had lower percolation thresholds than Cu/PA6 composites, and the resistivity of Sn/Cu/PA6 composites with higher physical continuity of the conductive network had better temperature stability.
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  Fabrication of porous polycaprolactone scaffolds usingsupercritical carbon dioxide

  WEI Wei, SUN Dong, LIU Fengxia, XU Xiaofei, LIU Zhijun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5130-5136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.021

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  In present study, a solvent-free foaming method aided by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was developed to prepare porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds for tissue engineering. The effects of molecular weight, the foaming pressure, temperature and depressurization rate on the scaffold structure were investigated in detail. The results showed that the pore size decreased and the pore size distribution narrowed while increasing molecular weight of PCL. The higher pressure led to higher cell density and smaller pores. The pore coalescence occurred at low depressurizing rates. When the polymer was in a high elastic state, the pore size increased while increasing the temperature. However, further increasing the temperature led to the slightly smaller pore sizes. In addition, the mechanical strength of the scaffold was also studied, and it was found that it belonged to the application category of tissue engineering scaffold material. Supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method made it possible to fabricate PCL porous scaffold materials with controlled pore diameters in the range of 132-700 μm. Through mechanical tests, these scaffolds exhibited an elastic modulus of 10 MPa, meeting the mechanical requirements of tissue engineering scaffold material.
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  Synthesis,crystal structure and light-physicalproperty of a noveliridium(Ⅲ) complex [Ir(dmpq)₂(Br₂bpy)]⁺PF^-₆

  YAN Caixian, SHEN Shanwen, LIU Weiping, CHANG Qiaowen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5137-5142. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.022

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  A novel of cyclometalated iridium(Ⅲ) complex, [Ir(dmpq)₂(Br₂bpy)]⁺PF^-₆ (dmpq=2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)quinoline, Br₂bpy=4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine) was synthesized with quinoline compound as cyclometalated ligand and 4,4′-dibromo-2,2′-bipyridine as ancillary ligand. New ridium(Ⅲ) complex was characterized by the elemental analysis, NMR (¹H and ¹³C), MS and FT-IR. Photophysical property of this complex was investigated. Single crystals of complex was prepared, via a solvent evaporation technique, and was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show complex was in the monoclinic system with a space group of P2₁/n. A strong red-emission at 649 nm was observed in photoluminescence absorption spectra of the compound.
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  Synthesized and long-cycle stability of LiVOPO₄cathode materials for lithium-ion battery

  ZHOU Xiaorong, LI Donglin, ZHANG Wei, LI Tongxin, KONG Xiangze, WANG Ziyun, HE Xin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5143-5147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.023

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  LiVOPO₄ cathode material was synthesized by sol-gel method in this study. The structures and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials were studied. Present results indicated that pure β-LiVOPO₄ phase crystallized in an orthorhombic Pnma space group after the precursor gel was calcined at a low temperature of 500 ℃. Micrometer-sized LiVOPO₄ material exhibited a superior long-term cyclability during charge-discharge processes. After cycling 300 times at a current dencity of 10 mA/g, the discharge capacity did not decay, retaining a reversible capacity of over 150 mAh/g after 300 cycles. Particularly, the material also retained excellent capacity (100%) upon 1000 cycles at a current dencity of 100 mA/g. The present results show that the LiVOPO₄ could be used as efficient cathode materials for high energy and long-life lithium ion battery.
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  Preparation of quick-setting 3D printing cement-based materials

  LI Weihong, CHANG Xidong, WANG Qian, CHEN Yuhong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5148-5153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.024

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  In this paper, two series of quick-setting 3D printing cement-based materials were prepared with fast hard sulphoaluminate cement and ordinary Portland cement as basic cementing materials, supplemented by water reducing agent, coagulant and volume stabilizer, etc., in order to achieve rapid printing. The experimental results show that the prepared quick-setting 3D printing cement-based material could control the setting time within 5-20 min. The printed specimen had good construction performance with the overall deformation less than 5% and the lowest deformation less than 10%. The printed specimen had early and late strength, and the simulated print sample strength loss rate did not exceed 15%, meeting the requirements of architectural 3D printing materials for work performance and mechanical properties.
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  Influence of WC content on corrosion resistance of Stellite 6laser cladding coating to liquid lead and bismuth

  ZHANG Yanchao, WEI Pengyu, ZHU Qiang, ZHAO Wentao, LEI Yucheng, ZENG Qingbo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5154-5160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.025

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  In order to improve the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel to high speed liquid lead-bi corrosion, the laser cladding method was adopted. The cladding layer was prepared by adding WC of different proportions to the Stellite6 alloy. And the processed samples were put into a high-temperature lead-bi melting furnace at 400 ℃ for 500 h high-speed flow experiment. The relative velocity was set to 3.23 m/s. SEM, XRD, EDS, OM and laser confocal microscope were used to observe the microstructure and surface morphology of the cladding layer before and after corrosion. The results show that with the increase of WC content, the hardness value of the cladding layer also increased gradually. When the addition of WC was 10%, the wear resistance was the best, and the surface roughness value was the lowest 33.6 μm. The cladding layers with different WC contents could effectively improve the corrosion resistance. When the WC content was 10%, the minimum depth of the oozing layer was 2.8 μm.
Process & Technology
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  Study on corrosion characteristics of reinforced concreteunder salt spary-drying cycle

  QIAO Hongxia, ZHANG Lu, FENG Qiong, SHANG Minggang, WEN Shaoyong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5161-5167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.026

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  In order to study the corrosion and deterioration process of reinforced concrete in the atmospheric environment of saline soil areas in western China and the effects of incorporation of different types of mineral admixtures, reinforced concrete pieces were prepared with four different concrete mix ratios and performed salt spray-drying accelerating corrosion test. The test analyzed the durability-related parameters such as the self-corrosion potential of the steel bar, the corrosion current density, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of the concrete, and the corrosion morphology. The results show that the effect of improving the internal pore structure of concrete and the improvement of the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete by adding different mineral admixtures was in descending order: fly ash, fly ash-slag powder, no mineral admixture. Therefore, the addition of fly ash not only saved costs, but also increased the service life of reinforced concrete members in the western environment.
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  Cobalt microparticles with tunable radial branches:preparation & electromagnetic property control

  LIU Ran, LIAO Bin, AN Zhenguo, ZHANG Jingjie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5168-5174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.027

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  The shape control of micro-nano-scale ferromagnetic metal particles leads to anisotropy and surface atomic ratio change, and has a great influence on its electromagnetic properties. In this work, micron-sized metallic cobalt particles with divergent branching structure were prepared by one-step hydrothermal reduction. Through the design of the composition of the reaction system, the size of the branch structure was controlled. According to the difference of the aspect ratio of the branches, sisal-like, flower-like and spheroidal particles were obtained. The morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. The room temperature magnetic properties and electromagnetic parameters of the materials were tested by VSM and vector network analyzer. The microwave electromagnetic properties of the material in the 2-18 GHz band were studied. The results show that cobalt particles with moderate branching structure (flower shape) had the best loss capacity of electromagnetic wave, based on the increase of surface atomic ratio and coercivity caused by shape anisotropy, as well as the multiple scattering effect of multi-scale petal structure on incident electromagnetic wave. The study also found that, on the one hand, the hierarchical structure could promote multiple reflection and scattering of electromagnetic waves through a richer interface and multi-scale synergy, thereby prolonging the transmission path and enhancing microwave dissipation. On the other hand, excessively branched structures could lead toimproving the conductivity and dielectric loss of the absorbing composite, which was not conducive to the increase of the amount of absorbent added and the impedance matching design.
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  Effects of bentonite and sintering temperature onproperties of loess-based ceramic membrane support

  XUE Liudi, TONG Zhi, ZHANG Jianxu, XING Jing, HUANG Kaipei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5175-5180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.028

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  Using Luochuan loess as a raw material, a sample of a loess-based ceramic membrane support was prepared by rolling forming and atmospheric sintering. The amount of bentonite and different sintering temperatures were used to study the pure water flux and resistance change in breaking strength and acid-base corrosion rate. Thermogravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffractometer and mercury indenter were used for thermal analysis, micromorphology, phase composition and pore size distribution analysis of the support samples. The results show that bentonite could significantly increase the strength of the support. When the amount of bentonite was 6% and the sintering temperature was 1 120 ℃, the best-performing loess-based support was prepared. The three point bending strength reached 45.7 Mpa and pure water flux was 10 870 L/(m²·h·MPa). The mass loss rate after acid-alkali corrosion was 2.54% and 2.32%, the median pore size was 2.5 μm, the main peak pore size distribution was 374.6~4 617.7 nm, and the porosity reached 15.6%.
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  Effect of pulverized coal pore-forming agent onproperties of loess ceramic supports

  GUO Lei, GUO Yani, TONG Zhi, HUANG Kaipei, LIU Ting

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5181-5186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.029

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  In this study, the rolling molding method and solid particle sintering method were used to prepare the tubular porous loess ceramic support with the aggregate of Luochuan loess and the pore forming material of pulverized coal .The effects of pulverized coal addition amount on the properties of the ceramic membrane support were investigated. Thermal stability, flexural strength, analysis of crystal phase composition and microscopic morphology properties of loess-based ceramic membrane supports were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), three-point bending method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the pores in the sintered carrier were formed after the oxidation reaction of pulverized coal combustion produces carbon dioxide, which improved the porosity and pure water flux of loess-based ceramic support. The optimum amount of pulverized coal was 20%. At this time, the pore distribution of the support was uniform and the crystal was completely developed. The flexural strength and pure water flux of the support were 24.06 MPa and 5 104.61 L/(m²·h·MPa). Its weight loss rate of acid/alkali corrosion was only 0.38% and 0.127%.
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  Effect of carbon nanotubes on compression mechanicalproperties of carbon-carbon composites

  YIN Cheng, XIA Lihong, ZHU Xuehong, Yang Yu, LI Yaoping, ZHANG Fuqin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5187-5192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.030

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  A full-mesh needle punched monolithic felt with five different carbon nanotube (CNTs) contents of 0, 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt% was used as a preformCNTs-C/C composites. The compression mechanical properties of the samples were tested with a universal testing machine, and the microstructure and fracture morphology of the samples were studied using a microscope (PLM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the addition of nanotubes was beneficial to improve the pyrolytic carbon structure and increase the compressive strength of C/C composites, and the compressive strength of C/C composites increased with the increase of the amount of CNTs added. When the content of CNTs was 20wt%, the parallel compressive strength of the composite was 185.02 MPa and the vertical compressive strength was about 200 MPa. Compared with the non-added CNTs, the compressive strength of the material increased by 36.66% and 17.67%, respectively. Without the addition of CNTs, the composite material was fractured in a "pseudoplastic" manner. After the addition of CNTs, the material exhibited brittle fracture, and the brittle fracture mode became more pronounced as the content of CNTs increased.
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  Preparation, characterization and adsorption property for a metal organicframes (MOFs)-molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs) composite material

  GONG Mengting, SONG Junjie, TIAN Haixi, LI Hui, ZHANG Zhaohui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5193-5201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.031

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  In present work, metal organic frames (MOFs)-molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs) composite material was synthesized by a surface-imprinting technique based on a chemically modified metal organic frame as the support matrix. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to study on chemical groups and SEM was to observe superficial morphology and structure in the MIPs. Adsorption dynamics and selectivity for this MIP toward morpholine molecules were explored and sites distribution on the surface of the MOFs-MIPs composite material was tested. In addition, the capability for this material in solid phase extraction (SPE) of morpholine in fruits crude extract was explored. When this MIP was used as a sobent, adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 150 min, indicating a rapid adsorption dynamics, with an adsorption capacity of 183.3 mg/g. Scatchard analysis indicated that there were two types of binding sites, with a dissociation constant (K) of 0.579 g/L and a maximum apparent adsorption capacity (Q_max) of 326.5 mg/g for the high affinity sites and a K value of 2.493 g/L and a Q_max value of 562.9 mg/g for the low affinity sites, respectively. Selectivity factors for this MIP toward morpholine relative to methylmorpholine, ethylmorpholine and 4-methylmorpholine-N-oxide were 2.47, 2.48 and 2.24, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the recovery of morpholine obtained by a single step through the MIP solid phase extraction of morpholine in fruits crude extract was 82.44%, showing a high capability in the enrichment of this compound. This material was also shown with a higher reusability.
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  The effect of different silicon-aluminum ratios on selectivecatalytic reduction performance of Fe-Beta molecular sieves

  MA Jiangli, YANG Dongxia, YU Fei, LAI Huilong, Feng Feng, CHANG Shiying

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5202-5207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.032

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  Fe-Beta molecular sieves were prepared by ion exchange method. The effects of different silicon to alumina ratios on the Fe-Beta NH₃-SCR performance were studied. The synthetic gas bench results showed that when the SAR=30, Fe-Beta had excellent low temperature activity. The Fe-Beta could effectively control the NOx emission with a supper low N₂O emission. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption, and UV-vis spectrometer were used to study the relationship between phase structure and its NH₃-SCR activity. The results showed that Fe-Beta with the SAR of 30 and iron loading of 1.3% had a suitable specific surface area and acidity, and excellent NH₃-SCR activity. Fe species were composed of isolated Fe³⁺, oligomers, and high polymer large particles. The isolated Fe³⁺ and oligomers were the active sites of Fe-beta. The preparation of active Fe-Beta catalysts had important theoretical and practical significance for guiding the development of efficient and environmental friendly SCR catalysts that meet the requirements of China IV off-road regulations.
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  Influence of aging on viscoelasticity of waterborneepoxy resin compound SBR modified emulsified asphalt

  ZHANG Qian, MA Zhao, XU Yiheng, WANG Xiaowei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5208-5215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.033

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  Ordinary emulsified asphalt has the defect of insufficient adhesion and durability when it is used as the asphalt pavement bonding layer material. To improve its performance, waterborne epoxy resin (WER) was mixed with styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to prepare a better-performance pavement bonding material, SBR+WER (SW) through the method of modification and emulsification. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of aging on the viscoelasticity of the waterborne epoxy resin compound SBR modified emulsified asphalt. The SBR modified emulsified asphalt was chosen as the comparison bonding material. The mass loss, penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity, as well as the complex shear modulus, phase angle and rutting factor of the evaporation residue samples of the SW and SBR modified emulsified asphalt before and after aging were investigated. The results show that the SW bonding material possessed better aging resistance than the SBR modified emulsified asphalt. The addition of waterborne epoxy resin enabled the SW bonding material to have more stable low-temperature deformation capacity under the aging effect, and improved its high-temperature deformation resistance and durability as well.
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  Effects of Ta substitution of Mn on Martensitetransition and magnetic properties of MnCoGe alloy

  TAO Zihao, FENG Ying, WANG Shu, GAO Li

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2020, 51(5): 5216-5220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2020.05.034

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  In order to study the effect of Ta substitution for Mn on the crystal structure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Mn_1-xTa_xCoGe (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) alloys, Mn, Ta, Co, Ge metal simplex (purity more than 99.99%) were put in a WK-Ⅱ type non-consumable arc furnace for smelting with a high-purity argon gas (purity more than 99.99%), annealed in a quartz tube at a temperature of 1073 K for 120 h, and then cooled to room temperature with the furnace to obtain a Mn_1-xTa_xCoGe (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) alloys. X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and multi-parameter magnetic measurement system were used to characterize the crystal structure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of the alloys. The experimental results show that the Mn_1-xTa_xCoGe (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) alloys at room temperature showed a single orthogonal martensitic phase structure. The substitution of Ta for Mn did not change the crystal structure of the alloys at room temperature. The cell volume increased with increasing Ta content. With the substitution of Ta for Mn, the martensitic transformation temperature increased from 480 K to 585 K. The Curie temperature of the martensitic phase decreased with increasing Ta content. During the Ta content increasing from 0 to 0.04, the Curie temperature of the Martensite phase decreased from 337 K to 325 K.