30 March 2017, Volume 48 Issue 3

    

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Focuses & Concerns
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  Effects of rapid quenching process on hydrogen storage kinetics of Mg₂₄Ni₁₀Cu₂ and (Mg₂₄Ni₁₀Cu₂)₈₅La₁₅ alloys

  GAO Jinliang, SHANG Hongwei, LI Yaqin, YUAN Zeming, ZHAO Dongliang, ZHANG Yanghuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3001-3006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.001

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  The Mg₂₄Ni₁₀Cu₂ and (Mg₂₄Ni₁₀Cu₂)₈₅La₁₅ alloys, which belong to La-Mg-Ni-Cu system Mg₂Ni type alloys, were prepared by rapid quenching process. The structures of the as-cast and quenched alloys were analyzed by XRD and HRTEM. The gaseous hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of alloys were tested by a fully automatic Sieverts equipment. Hydrogen desorption DSC curves of alloys were tested in different heating rates by a differential thermal analyzer and the activation energy of alloys was calculated by using the equation of Kissinger. The results showed that La-free alloys only possess Mg₂Ni phase, however, La-containing alloys possess biphasic structures with a major phase Mg₂Ni and a secondary phase including La₂Mg₁₇ and LaMg₃ phase. The quenched alloys have nanocrystalline and amorphous structure. Adding La expedites the formation of the glass in rapid quenching process. The treatment of rapid quenching can improve the gaseous hydriding and dehydriding kinetics, which mainly attributed to the formation of nanocrystalline structure and the reduction of activation energy.
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  Removal of antibiotic from water by activated carbon from seaweed and Fe/activated carbon as Fenton photocatalyst

  GAN Huihui, ZHANG Kefeng, JIN Huixia, ZHANG Huining

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3007-3010. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.002

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  In this work, the activated carbonfrom seaweed (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation. The effects of solution concentrationand pH value on the adsorption of amoxicillin in water were discussed. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were used. The kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process of amoxicillin in water by the SAC was fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The iron modified SAC was further synthesized by hydrothermal method and the Fenton system with iron modified SAC was constructed. The COD removal of amoxicillin in water by Fenton system with iron modified SAC under visible-light irradiation was also discussed. The results indicated that the COD removal of amoxicillin in water by the sample Fe/SAC-3 was 72.5%, which had the best photocatalytic activity.
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  Preparation and thermal radiation properties of electrospun PVDF submicro fibrous thermal insulation materials

  HUANG Huakun, WU Huijun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3011-3016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.003

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  The radiative heat flux through fibrous insulations could be reduced by adjusting fibrediameters. In this paper, four kinds of lectrospun PVDF submicro fibre whose diameters were less than 1 μm were obtained by electrospinning technique. The microstructure and thermal radiation properties of electrospun micro/nano fibers were investigated. The results showed that, the finest fibers of 449 nm could be obtained. The radiant thermalconductivity of PVDF fibers respectively decreased from 0.095×10^-3 to 0.037×10^-3 W/(m·K) at 300 K when the diameter increased from 499 to 774.8 nm. The results could be used to improve the shielding properties of the fiber material for thermal radiation.
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  First-principles study of the photoelectric properties of NdB₆

  XIAO Lihua, SU Yuchang, LIU Yike, RAN Jingyu, YANG Tao, PENG Ping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3017-3021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.004

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  Using the plane wave pseudopotential method based on the first-principle density function theory, the electronic structure, spin-projected densities of states and optical properties of the stable NdB₆ have been studied. Additionally, the solar radiation shielding performance of NdB₆ film has been calculated. The investigations show that NdB₆ is a metallic conductor with its energy band near Fermi level being mainly dominated by B2p and Nd4f levels. Furthermore, dielectric functions, reflection spectra, absorption spectra and the theoretical transmittance of NdB₆ have beed analyzed in terms of calculated band structure and density of state. It is found that NdB₆ could serve as solar radiation shielding materials for windows.
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  Study on anti-penetration characteristics of ultra-high strength steel fiber concrete without coarse aggregate

  LI Xinping, LIU Kai, HUANG Junhong, HAN Weiwei, HONG Jisong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3022-3027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.005

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  The toughness of steel fiber ultra-high strength concrete without coarse aggregate was modified by adding steel fiber whose volume fraction was 3% into ultra-high strength concrete without coarse aggregate. In order to study on anti-penetration characteristics of steel fiber ultra-high strength concrete without coarse aggregate with different strength grades, the process of a bullet penetrating concrete target was analyzed by the mean of dynamic nonlinear finite element and the velocity time’s curve and the dynamic failure process of target was got. The results showed that under the same of velocity, as the improvement of concrete strength grade, residual velocity of the bullet and the level of material damage significantly decreased. Under the condition of the same mixture ratio and different curing conditions, anti-preparation characteristics of artificial sea water curing of concrete material were more stronger than fresh water conservation.
Review & Advance
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  Recent developments in metallurgical grade silicon purification by

  LI Yaqiong, ZHANG Lifeng, MA Yusheng, MUSLIM Rowaid Raad

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3028-3034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.006

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  Silicon for photovoltaic industry can be effectively purified by a metallurgical refining process using metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), which shows tremendous potential to save energy. In order to further reduce manufacturing costs of silicon, many investigations have been conducted on the removal of impurity efficiently and economically. In this present work, based on the segregation and oxidation behaviors of impurity, the recent developments and future directions of the solidification and slag refining technique are reviewed.
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  Advances in synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials with cellulose nanocrystals templates

  HUANG Xing, FENG Jian, ZHANG Sizhao, FENG Junzong, JIANG Yonggang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3035-3041. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.007

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  Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was a newly template material and the ordered chiral structure formed in the self-assembly of CNCs could be used as the template for ordered mesoporous materials. This method directly mixed precursor with CNCs of self-assembly effect and selectively eliminated precursor or template to finally form ordered mesoporous material, which prevented the pre-preparation of mesoporous template, making steps less and mesoporous structure controllable as well. The as-prepared mesoporous material obtained high specific surface area, porosity and ordered mesopores, which supplied the reference for preparation of orderd mesoporous material under control. In this paper, the preparation and the self-assembly of CNCs were introduced. The development of ordered mesoporous materials templated by CNCs in recent year was reviewed. The prospective development of mesoporous functional materials by CNCs templates was also presented.
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  Researchprogress of the graphene-based nano-composites

  QI Mengyu, LI Shuhui, DU Yuzhi, YE Peng, HAN Heliang, HE Qing, WANG Meng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3042-3049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.008

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  Graphene is a kind of nano carbon material with two dimensional structure, which has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. The graphene with inorganics or polymer composite is the research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, the graphene based nanocomposites were reviewed. The electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties and biological compatibility of the domestic and foreign graphene/inorganic nanocomposite material and graphene/polymer nanocomposites were summarized.
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  Research progress of the biochars in the energy storage materials and components

  LIU Yuanzhou, QING Aimiao, SUN Jianwu, YANG Li, LIAO Lei, ZHANG Kaiyou, WU Yifan, ZHAO Liangchuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3050-3056. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.009

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  Biochars encompass an excellent prospect in the field of energy storage. Biochars possess a large specific surface area, rich pore structure and good electrical conductivity. These features make them have the potential to provide high power and high reversible capacity. At the same time, they have advantages of rich source of raw materials, environment friendly and easy processing and structural devising, which characteristics fossil energy storage materials are not available. When the original biochars are used as energy storage materials and components, their irreversible capacity are large and their high-current charge and discharge capacity are weak. For these problems, this paper expounds the principal preparation methods of biochars and some methods ofenhancing their reversible capacity and high-current charge and discharge capacity when they are used as the lithium-ion battery anode and supercapacitor electrode material.
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  Progress of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as absorptive materials in gas masks

  LI Ying, ZHANG Hongxing, YAN Kele, SUN Xiaoying, XIAO Anshan, ZOU Bing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3057-3062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017. .001

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  Metal-organic frameworks materials (MOFs) are new kind of porous skeleton materials synthesized by self-assembly with metal ions and organic ligands, whichare used in toxic gases adsorption field due to their huge specific surface area. By means of modification of organic ligands in MOFs skeleton with acid or alkali, the interaction between gases and skeletons will get enhanced, improving the selective adsorption of toxic gases and their adsorption capacity. In this article, the kinds of MOFs materials were simply introduced. The adsorption performance of acidic, alkaline and neutral toxic gases by MOFs adsorption materials in gas masks were summarized, separately. Finally, the application prospect of MOFs materials as gas masks adsorption materials is outlooked. MOFs materials with wide range andhigh adsorption capacity used in the gas masks are ideal adsorption materials which are the focus of the adsorption materials in the future research.
Research & Development
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  Adsorption thermodynamics of water in waste oil by flyash

  OUYANG Ping, FAN Hongyong, ZHANG Xianming, CHEN Ling, LIU Xianbing, WANG Jiaxu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3063-3067. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.011

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  In order to apply the adsorbents of flyash to the regeneration of waste lubricating oil, original flyash was pretreated and waste oil with the unique adsorbent of water was equipped. The equilibrium thermodynamics of the adsorption process were explored. Experiment results showed that pretreated flyash with specific surface area of 10.45 m²/g was primarily composed of micropore and mesopore structure. With the increasing of the equilibrium concentration and the rising of temperature, the equilibrium adsorption from the flyash got increasing, and adsorption process was irreversibly spontaneous, endothermic and given priority to with van der Waals force. The temperature rising was advantageous to the adsorption.
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  Study on field emission characteristics of a carbon nanotube electrode embedded in glass

  SUN Bin, CHEN Ran, WANG Yan, DING Guifu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3068-3071. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.012

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  A field emission electrode with carbon nanotube (CNT) homogeneously rooted in glass was achieved through sodium silicate (SS). CNTs homogeneously rooted in the SS paste were obtained by wet etching after solidification process under low temperature. By using high temperature retreatment, a firm -Si-O- film formed on the interface between CNT emitters and SS paste. The film adhesion enhanced and emission performance improved significantly. The turn on field significantly decreased from 1.52 to 0.74 V/μm after high temperature retreatment. For the treated emitter, with applied field of 2.3 V/μm, reliable operation for 40 h at a high emission current of more than 233 μA was also achieved
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  Properties study on epoxy resin modified by hyperbranched polyester of butyric acid blocking

  WANG Fang, LIU Lizhu, ZHANG Xiaorui, WENG Ling, HU Guangkai

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3072-3077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.013

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  Flexible chain blocking hyperbranched polyester (FCBHBP) was designed and synthesized by butyric acidterminated and used to modify epoxy anhydride resin. The molecular structure of FCBHBP was characterized by NMR and FT-IR. And the influences of the amount of FCBHBP on the performances of epoxy resin werestudied. According to the test of mechanical properties, FCBHBP could improve the toughness of epoxy resin by increasing the free volume and chain winding double effects.When the dosage was 20wt% of epoxy resin, the impact strength and bending strength were 160% and 117% as unmodified sample. The FCBHBP could reduce the dielectric constant of the epoxy resin by using free volume as shown in dielectric performance testing and the dielectric loss in a certain frequency withthe interaction between polar groups from the epoxy resin and flexible chains from FHBP.
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  Structure and formation mechanism of Pt spangle in optical glass

  WANG Yanhang, XU Xiaodian, ZU Chengkui, HE Kun, ZHOU Peng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3078-3082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.014

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  Optical glass for SiO₂-B₂O₃-Ta₂O₅-ZrO₂-Na₂O system has attracted much attention because of its high deviation of the relative partial dispersion, excellent transmission and workability. The structure and formation mechanism of Pt spangle in optical glass were investigated in detail by spectrophotometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The optical glass fabricated in Pt crucible has evident UV absorption due to the existence of Pt⁴⁺. Pt spangle in optical glass has various shapes and sizes, but its sizes are smaller than 20 μm. For SiO₂-B₂O₃-Ta₂O₅-ZrO₂-Na₂O system glass, the high content of Ta⁵⁺ and Zr⁴⁺, low viscosity and cooling treatment are major factors to control the formation of Pt spangle.
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  Influence of defect in functionally graded slab on the surface temperature distribution

  WANG Fei, MA Xiaobo, CHEN Dezhen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3083-3087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.015

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  Compared with the semi-infinite structure,the slab should consider the multiple scattering of thermal waves about the upper and lower bounds. In this paper, based on the non-Fourier heat conduction equation, the temperature distributions at the surface of functionally graded slab containing a cylindrical defect are investigat〗ed by using image method and wave function expansion method. According to the model of thermal wave, a general solution of scattered fields of thermal waves is obtained. The thermal waves are excited on the surface of functionally graded slab by periodically modulated laser. The cylindrical defect is taken as a cavity under thermal insulation condition. The boundary condition of the surface is adiabatic. Boundary conditions of the upper and lower of the functionally graded slab are equal to the environment temperature. The amplitude of the changes in temperature at the frontal surface in the cylindrical defect due to different physical and geometrical parameters is analyzed and presented graphically using the analytical method, and the impact of non-uniform parameters of functionally graded slab on surface temperature is focused on. The results of this paper are expected to provide calculation methods and references data for infrared thermal wave evaluation of functionally graded slab.
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  Preparation of ninanotube arrays by electro deposition and magnetic study

  YANG Jun, LIN Qingwen, DAI Afang, YUAN Xiaoyou

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3088-3090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.016

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  Ni nanotube arrays had been fabricated in PAA template by electrodeposition. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of Ni nanotube arrays were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and VSM, respectively. The results show that the fabricated Ni nanotube arrays were (fcc) in structure and the shape and size of Ni nanotube arrays were uniform and on a large-scale. The hysteresis loops show that Ni nanotube arrays had been marked magnetic single-axis anisotropy and the property of single domain.
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  Mechanism of polyepoxysuccinic acid on coordination structure of aluminum ions in portland cement pastes

  HU Chenguang, WANG Juan, BAI Ruiying, LIU Gang, FENG Xiaoxin, HUANG Xiulin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3091-3096. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.017

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  The machanism of polyepoxysuccinic acid on coordination structure of aluminum ions in Portland cement pastes was investigated by XRD, ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicate that the polyepoxysuccinic acid can prevent hydration of silicate minerals, and can inhibit the hydration of tetrahedral coordination Al³⁺ (Al[4]) incorporated in Alite and Belite, and then it is not advantageous to Al-O tetrahedral substituting for Si-O tetrahedral in the structure of C-S-H, impeling the Al[4] transformed into the six-coordination Al³⁺ (Al[6]). Moreover, there is the optimum mix amount for the polyepoxysuccinic acid in cement pastes. When the mixing amount is less, the Ca²⁺ ions in cement pastes will be bonded by the polyepoxysuccinic acid, leading to generation of positive charge, and then it very easily combines the SO₄^2- ions forming the chelates, impeling the transfromation of the Al[6] in AFt or AFm into the Al[6] in TAH (Third aluminum hydrate), finally, it will achieve the inhibitory action on the crystallization of AFm and AFt. However, when the mixing amount is more, the polyepoxysuccinic acid will be bridged with other polyepoxysuccinic acid, by means of the cross-linkage of Ca²⁺ ions, forming into the cycle-type structure. And then, it will lead to the reduction of the polyepoxysuccinic acid solidifying SO₄^2- ions, making the transformation of a amount of Al[6] in TAH into the Al[6] in AFm and AFt, on the contrary, the crystallization of AFt will be promoted by the excess polyepoxysuccinic acid.
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  In-situ synthesis and antibacterial application of Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles

  CHEN Shun, LIU Nian, JU Yanyun, XIONG Chuanxi, DONG Lijie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3097-3101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.018

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  Nanocrystals acting as ideal candidates composed higher order of multifunctional materials on demands, such as Fe₃O₄ nanoarticles and Ag nanocrystals. Constructed by functional “building blocks”, the multifunctional nanostructure materials had potential multiple applications, such as targeted antibacterial and biological separation. Referring to previous works, Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles had been widely studied because of controllable morphology and excellent magnetic applications, and Ag nanoparticles performed excellent antibacterial properties and optical and catalysis applications. In special design and purpose, Ag loaded on magnetic nanocrystals or nanoparticles could be magnetic-operated using additional magnetic fields, and exhibited good antibacterial ability. To date, a series of strategies had been developed to build various nanostructure magnetic-antibacterial materials by assembling Ag nanocrystals with magnetic materials, such as self-assembly by H-bond, encapsulation with silicon and one-pot synthesis. Inthis work, Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles were in-situ synthesized by Ag nanocrystals germinating on the surface of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle with oleic acid ligands. The process of preparing Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles occurred through reducing silver acetate by oleylamine in hexane under 70 ^oC. For prudent study, the particles were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, VSM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The TEM images and FT-IR spectroscopy claimed the characteristic morphology of well-dispersed Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles with size about 20 nm. X-ray diffraction patterns claimed that Fe₃O₄ and Ag crystallization peaks existed as shown. Based on the VSM curve, Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles shows superparamagnetic behavior under room temperature. UV-Vis spectroscopy claimed that the peaks according to Ag performed on the UV-Vis spectroscopy of Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles. After phase-inversion of nanoparticles into deionized water was successful achieved, Fe₃O₄@Ag nanoparticles presented good antibacterial performance against staphylococcus and escherichia coli.
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  Fabrication and characterization of Zr-MOF incorporated thin-film nanocomposite membrane for forward osmosis

  JIANG Lei, ZHANG Dapeng, ZHU Guiru, GAO Congjie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3102-3107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.019

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  Zr-MOF incorporated thin-film composite membrane for forward osmosis was fabricated by forming polyamide layer on the substrate via interfacial polymerization (IP) with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride hexane solution containing MOF. The effects of Zr-MOF concentration and membrane orientation on the performance of forward osmosis membrane were studied prevailingly. FT-IR, SEM, and contact angle have been utilized to characterize the thin-film nanocomposite membrane for forward osmosis. With a 1mol/L NaCl as draw solution and DI water as feed solution, the water flux of TFN0.06 membrane prepared with dispersing 0.06 wt% of Zr-MOF in the organic phase, reached from 2.60 to 6.98 L/(m²·h) and 5.58 to 13.60 L/(m²·h) with the active layer faced to feed solution (AL-FS) and draw solution (AL-DS), respectively. The results are over two times higher than the pure polyamide TFC membrane.
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  The effect of Cr on the dislocation loops in Fe-8Cr alloy induced by irradiation

  JIANG Shaoning, WAN Farong, WANG Xiaoli, Ohnuki Somei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3108-3112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.020

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  Dislocation loops induced by irradiation for Fe-8Cr alloy were analysed to study the irradiation behavior. Pure Fe and Fe-8Cr alloy were implanted by helium at room temperature, respectively. Then they were aged at 773 K for 1 h at High Voltage Electron Microscope (HVEM). Finally, they were irradiated electron beam at 773 K and in-situ observed by HVEM. The results show that, the defects induced by helium implatation at room temperature were aggregated to interstitial loops at 773 K, which were grown up followed by electron beam irradiation at 773 K. The growth rates of dislocation loops in both samples are almost the same. However, the density of dislocation loops in Fe-8Cr alloy is an order of magnitude higher than that in pure iron, meanwhile, the size of dislocation loops in Fe-8Cr alloy is much smaller than that in pure iron. The analysis indicates that the enrichment of Cr-cluster prevents the moving dislocation loops.
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  Study on the deposition rate and microstructure of Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings

  JIANG Menghan, GUO Lei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3113-3115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.021

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  Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings were prepared on the surface of 20 steel by using electroless plating, and the effects of temperature, Al₂O₃ particle concentration and pH on Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings were discussed in detail. In addition, the microstructure prepared by different parameters deposition was observed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicated that the deposition rate was maximum deposited at the temperature of 80 ℃, Al₂O₃ particle concentration of 2 g/L and pH of 4.8, and the maximum rate was 8.7 μm/h. The microstructure of Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings prepared under above-mentioned condition was smooth, and many Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly embedded in the coating, the average particle size of Al₂O₃ particles was approximately 20 nm.
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  Influence of nano-SiO₂ addition on physical and mechanical properties of sulphoaluminate cement-based material

  MA Baoguo, JIANG Wenbin, MEI Junpeng, LI Hainan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3116-3120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.022

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  The influence of different nano-SiO₂ (NS) contents on mechanical properties and rheological behavior of sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) based composite materials was studied. Results show that the fluidity of fresh paste gradually decreases with the increasing of NS contents. For dosage of 3.0% NS, the flexural and tensile strengths of mortars at 90 days were increased by 104.2% and 90.2% respectively compared with that without NS, indirectly reflecting the toughness of hardened mortars is improved. The forming mechanism of strengths was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG). The micro-aggregate filling effect, nucleation effect at early age and weak pozzolanic effect at late age of NS make the microstructure more compact, which obviously enhance the strength of SAC mortars.
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  Influence of two-step coating processes on film morphology and photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cells

  LI Xinhang, ZHOU Guoqing, PAN Guoxing, LI Tian, ZHANG Fapei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3121-3126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.023

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  Controlling of film deposition and growth is critical to photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. In this work, four kinds of two-step spin-coating processes were utilized for the preparation of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. The effect of the morphology of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ on the performance of the solar cells was studied systemically. It is shown that solvent types of PbI₂ solution and the concentration of CH₃NH₃I solution have significant impacts on morphology of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ active layers as well as the performance of the solar cells. The PbI₂ solutions using the mixture solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), compared with those in DMF, enable extraordinarily compact and flat CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films as well as higher photovoltaic performance and better performance reproducibility. Maximum power conversion efficiency of 14.2% has been achieved by optimizing the film processing. Furthermore, the possible origin for the J-V curve hysteresis on the devices was proposed. It is found that the introduction of a 6 nm MoO₃ layer between the hole transport layer and the Au electrode significantly suppresses such hysteresis effect.
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  Effect of cooling rate and the proportion of fluorides on morphology evolution of TiAl₃ in Al-4Ti master alloy

  ZHAO Jianhua, HE Jiansheng, LI Pu, WANG Tao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3127-3132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.024

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  The Al-4Ti master alloy was fabricated via combining the titanium particle method with the reaction of halide salt in resistance furnace at different cooling rates. This study aims to investigate the effect of cooling rate and the proportion of fluorides on morphology evolution of TiAl₃ in Al-4Ti master alloy. Results show that cooling rate and the proportion of fluorides had no effect on the kind of second phase and various morphologies of TiAl₃ particles in Al-4Ti master alloy could be acquired by adopting different cooling rate. The three kinds of TiAl₃ particles confirmed in Al-4Ti master alloy were as follow: petal-like, blocky and flake-like, which corresponded to the cooing rate of 3.36, 2.57 and 0.31 K/s respectively. It could also be found that the morphology of TiAl₃ particles in the prepared master alloy changed from petal-like to blocky, and finally to flake-like with the decrease of cooling rate. Moreover, the type of the phase in Al-4Ti master alloys could hardly change whatever the proportion of fluorides is. Finally, the introduction of K₂TiF₆ would promote the formation of petal-like TiAl₃ particles.
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  Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline with TiO₂/Ni₃[Si₂O₅][OH]₂ composite photocatalyst

  SUN Lei, MA Guohua

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3133-3138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.025

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  Ni₃[Si₂O₅][OH]₂ nanotubes(NNTs) as the carrier bracket, a new-style composite nanotube photocatalyst was prepared that TiO₂ was coating on the surface of NNTs by the simple mean of liquid phase deposition using (NH₄)₂TiF₆ and H₃BO₃ as precursors. The obtained samples were characterized by SEM, TEM, RM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The effects of deposition temperature on the preparation of samples were discussed. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared TiO₂/NNTs was studied by the photocatalytic degradation ability of tetracycline (TC) and explored the factors of TC degradation like composite catalyst preparation conditions (deposition temperature) and the aquatic environment (pH). The degradation products were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The results show that the surface of NNTs were evenly coated with TiO₂ and coating TiO₂ was anatase. The prepared TiO₂/NNTs can make a high absorption to ultraviolet-visible and the absorption wavelength red shift with respect to TiO₂. At the same time, when the pH of solution was 6.5, the degradation rate was the best. The degradation products were small molecules.
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  Grey relation entropy analysis on salt freezing performances of asphalt and asphalt mortar

  HAN Jiwei, CUI Yanan, WANG Le, ZHANG Shuyan, LI Zhen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3139-3144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.026

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  Salt freezing would cause asphalt pavement to premature failure easily, which would affect the quality of driving and lead to reduce the service life of road. The three routine indicators (penetration, equivalent softening point and ductility) of the matrix asphalt, SBS modified asphalt and rubber powder modified asphalt were tested before and after the salt freezing. Uniaxial compression creep test of three kinds of asphalt mortar specimens were conducted after different salt freezing cycles. The influence factors that would change the performance of the asphalt and asphalt mortar were analyzed through grey relation entropy analysis. The analysis results showed that salt freezing cycle would affect the basic indicators of asphalt. But the performance of the asphalt itself is more important than others. The salt freezing cycle would affect mechanics performance of the asphalt mortar greatly and the concentration of salt solution is the major factor. So it is necessary to control the basic indicators of asphalt strictly and the use of de-icing salt in cold area,in order to reduce the damage of pavement structure.
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  Hydrothermalsynthesis of flower-like MoS₂ microspheres for supercapacitors

  LI Fang, GAO Yuwei, ZHANG Zhiyi, LIU Yaqing, ZHAO Donglin, BAI Lizhong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3145-3148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.027

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  In this paper, the flower-like MoS₂ microspheres were successfully synthesized by nanosheets through simple hydrothermal method, which used ammonium molybdate as source of molybdenum and thiourea for sulfur source. The microstructure and morphology of the product was systematically investigated by XRD, Raman, SEM and TEM. Simultaneously, the electrochemical performances for supercapacitors of the samples are evaluated by cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the maximum specific capacitance of the MoS₂ electrodes reaches up to 225 F/g at a discharge current density of 0.5 A/g, suggesting a good rate capability. MoS₂ will be a suitable candidate for supercapacitor applications.
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  Anisotropic mechanical behaviors under mechanical-magnetic coupling of

  ZHU Yuping, CHEN Tao, TENG Yao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3149-3153. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.028

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  Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy grown by directional solidification has many predominant mechanical properties. It may become the key material for a new generation of actuator and sensor. In this paper, some experiments of directional solidification samples in different angles to the solidification direction were carried out under mechanical-magnetic coupling. The stress-strain behaviors under different constant magnetic field were studied. The results show that the material has obvious anisotropic mechanical properties, which is related to stress, magnetic field and the angles to the solidification direction. Some useful conclusions were summarized, which may provide the materials a wide range of applications in engineering.
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  Novel benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound and its thermal stability

  MOU Haiyan, XIE Guangchao, ZHOU Kelai, LU Yun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3154-3158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.029

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  Benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic resin based molding compounds were prepared by introducing benzoxazine into molding compound formula and their thermal stability was studied.The property test results revealed that there was no working ability issue in the application of benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound. Comparing with epoxy/phenolic molding compound, T_g of benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound increased by 20 ℃ and the water absorption decreased by 47% with a filler ratio of 78%. With lower loading of flame retardant, the flammability of benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound was at the same level as epoxy/phenolic molding compound. The performance of epoxy/phenol molding compound deteriorated during storage at 225 ℃ for 500 h, including flexural strength, adhesion, weight loss and T_g, while the properties of benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound were much more stable. TO247 units molded with epoxy/phenolic molding compound were able to pass thermal cycle test(-50/200 ℃, 1 000 cycles) without delamination, but TO247 units molded with benzoxazine/epoxy/phenolic molding compound passed thermal cycle test (-50/225 ℃, 1 000 cycles).
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  Magnetic and transport properties of Fe/Sn codoped In₂O₃ diluted magnetic semiconductor films

  TONG Ruixue, ZHOU Guowei, MA Wenrui, JIANG Fengxian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3159-3162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.030

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  The (In_0.93Fe_0.05Sn_0.02)₂O₃ films were deposited on Al₂O₃ (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique. In order to reveal the origin and mechanism of its ferromagnetism, the effect of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, magnetic and transport properties of the films has been investigated. The films have a structure of cubic bixbyite In₂O₃ and In has been replaced by Fe and Sn. The (In_0.93Fe_0.05Sn_0.02)₂O₃ films exhibit the robust ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature and the magnetization is decreased with the increase of oxygen pressure. The films are n-type semiconductor with the carrier concentration of 10²⁰ cm^-3. The carrier densities are important for the ferromagnetism of the films. The negative magnetoresistance at lower temperatures is observed in the films, indicating the ferromagnetism is intrinsic in (In_0.93Fe_0.05Sn_0.02)₂O₃ films.
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  Improvement of thermal energy storage and retrieval rates of form-stable phase change materials by magnetron sputter

  KE Huizhen, LI Yonggui, WANG Jiangang, YUAN Xiaohong, CHEN Dongsheng, WEI Qufu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3163-3167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.031

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  The Ag nanolayers with the higher thermal conductivity were coated on the surface of electrospun PU fiber membranes by magnetron sputter. The novel form-stable phase change composite fiber membranes were prepared by adsorbing the CA-LA-MA-PA quaternary fatty acid eutectic into electrospun PU and PU/Ag fiber membranes serving as supporting materials by physical adsorption method. EDX spectra suggests that the Ag nanoparticles are successfully covered on the surface of electrospun PU fiber membranes. SEM images illustrate that the average fiber diameter of electrospun PU fibers significantly increased after sputter coating. The CA-LA-MA-PA quaternary eutectics are uniformly dispersed into the porous network structure of electrospun PU and PU/Ag fiber membranes. DSC analyses indicate that the melting temperature and enthalpy of the CA-LA-MA-PA/PU/Ag form-stable phase change composite fiber membranes are 17 ℃ and 94.81 kJ/kg, respectively. The heat storage and release times of CA-LA-MA-PA/PU/Ag form-stable phase change composite fiber membranes are shortened by about 42% and 24% compared to those of the CA-LA-MA-PA/PU form-stable phase change composite fiber membranes.
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  Performance testing and application of BAM rare-earth phosphor

  LIU Helian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3168-3171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.032

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  The fine rare-earth phosphor BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ (BAM) was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, particle size distribution, thermal stability, relative brightness and luminescent efficiency were studied by using X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution analysis, spectral analysis measurement methods and so on. Results indicate that the sample obtained is BaMgAl₁₀₁₇:Eu²⁺ (BAM). The particle size of the BAM fine rare earth phosphor is approximately 2 μm when the measurement deviation of X₅₀ is ±0.02 μm. The thermal stability is 7.0%-8.5%, when testing at 600 ℃, 0.5 h and relative luminance is 101%-102%. 100 hours of luminescence degradation is less than 5%, basically meeting the requirements of fine rare earth phosphor for fluorescent lamps.
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  Study on degradation of formaldehyde of titanium dioxide composite fabric loaded silver and iron

  LIN Hongquan, TUO Xiao, MA Jinghuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3172-3176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.033

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  Firstly, the silver and iron doping modification titanium dioxide was prepared and the titanium dioxide composite fabric loaded silver and iron was prepared by method of dipping- baking- calcining. Secondly, the properties of the composite photocatalytic material were studied using SEM and UV-Vis DRS. Finally, with the visible light high pressure mercury lamp as light source, the formaldehyde as degradation target, the photocatalytic performance was studied. The results showed that the silver and iron element made the UV-Vis DRS of catalytic materials change significantly. The greater the amount of metal element doped, the stronger absorption ability the composite catalytic material to visible light would be. In addition, the addition of silver and iron element could enhance the purification ability to formaldehyde of the catalytic material in the visible light. The best doping amount of silver was 1.5% and the best doping amount of iron was 1%.
Process & Technology
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  Preparation and characterization of phase change material of side chains based on polyacrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol

  WANG Di, GUO Jing, GONG Yumei, ZHANG Sen, GUAN Fucheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3177-3182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.034

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  Macromer (HMPEG) was prepared by a main raw material of different molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG), 4,4 'twelve-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylonitrile (AN) in a two-step method firstly, and then graft copolymer was prepared by the macromonomer, acrylonitrile (AN) and a third monomer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water phase precipitation method. And a series of graft type phase change materials P (AN-co-MMA)-g-HEPEG that acrylonitrile and methyl propionate polymer as main chain and the macromonomer(HMPEG) as side chain were formed. The structure, phase transition behavior, thermal stability and the crystal structure of the macromonomer and the copolymer were studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) . The results show that the synthesis of macromonomer and the copolymer are a series of phase change materials which have stable structure, good crystallization performance, high phase transition enthalpy and good thermal stability. When the PEG molecular weight is 4000 (HMPEG:AN=45:45), the melting peak temperature of graft type phase change material P (AN-co-MMA)-g-HMPEG4000 is 52 ℃, the cooling peak temperature is 26 ℃ and the enthalpy is 31 J/g. It has good thermal stability below 290 ℃, which can be processed or used in a high temperature environment.
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  The preparation of TiO₂-loaded porous ceramic composite and its photocatalytic efficiency for degrading methyl orange

  GUO Yijiao, SUN Jinxing, LIU Peisheng, CUI Guang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3183-3187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.035

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  The natural zeolite powder was used as the main raw material to produce a reticular porous ceramic with millimeter-sized pores by the polymer foam impregnation method. Controlling the slurry coating on the polymer foam and the sintering conditions could obtain the lightweight ceramic product with the bulk density below 1 g/cm³ to float on the water. A thin TiO₂ film on the porous ceramic surface was prepared by sol-gel method, so the photocatalytic property of the TiO₂ film could be combined with the low density and high specific surface area of this porous ceramic to improve the catalytic performance of the system. Study on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solution showed that the composite, of which the titanium dioxide sol film was heated at 1.5℃/min to 400℃ and then kept the temperature for 30 min in the process of loading, has a quite excellent photocatalytic performance. This product was used for ultraviolet irradiation treatment of the 20 mg/L methyl orange solution, resulting in a degradation rate more than 99%.
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  Characteristics and influence factors of fly ash foamed grade a heat insulating material

  ZHANG Yan, LI Hui, CHU Huichao, HUA Chunyu, CAO Xiaoqiang, LV Xianjun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3188-3192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.036

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  This investigation adopted chemical foaming method to prepare fly ash foamed Grade A heat insulating material. Ordinary portland cement and fly ash were taken as main raw materials in this course. Effects of key factors such as foaming stabilizer, accelerator, and fiber and foaming agent on tested samples were explored deeply in present work. Meanwhile, this study optimized the formula design of this new material, as well as applied SEM and Image Pro plus 6.0 to characterize and calculate foamed fly ash samples. Taken overall experiment results revealed that in the condition that the mixing amount of foaming stabilizer, accelerator, and fiber and foaming agent are 1.2%, 0.050%, 0.4% and 5.0%, water absorbing rate, compressive strength, dry density, and conductivity factor are 47.11%, 0.523 MPa , 248.11 kg/m³ and 0.067 W/(m·K), respectively. At the same time, all these parameters could fix the requirement of Grade A03 according to the standard of Foam Concrete (JG/T266-2011).
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  Thepreparation of fish collagen sustained release material and its ability of loading and release to rhodamine B

  ZHANG Min, YANG Ling, LV Huihua, WEI Benmei, ZHANG Juntao, XIE Dong, WANG Haibo

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3193-3201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.001

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  Using fish collagen as load matrix materials, rhodamine B as a simulated load target drug, collagen sustained release material was prepared by different methods. The preparation conditions of collagen biomaterials were optimized according the load rate and release properties of rhodamine B and the release mechanism of collagen loading rhodamine B was discussed. The results showed that in several load methods (direct blend, blend + self-assembly, blend + self-assemble + centrifuge, blend + self-assemble + centrifuge + cross-linking) , the first two methods have higher loading efficiency to target substance, but bad release ability. Although the load rate of latter two methods is not high, the materials have sustained release capability and the method of blend + self-assemble + centrifuge shows the best sustained release effect. Based on that, the effects of the drying method and collagen concentration of material on the sustained release ability were further studied. The results showed that the freeze-dried material pre-frozen under the temperature of -64 ℃ has the best sustained release effect among different drying methods (freeze-dried after pre-frozen at -22,-64,-196 ℃ and drying at room temperature of 30 ℃). Increasing collagen concentration can improve the materials’ capabilities of loading and sustained release to rhodamine B. The study results of sustained release kinetics showed that the release mechanism of collagen based material loading rhodamine B is based on the fick’s law Higuchi kinetic model of diffusion process. IR analysis showed that the collagen adsorpting rhodamine B includes two forms, physical and chemical adsorption. Morphological analysis showed that there are small parts of rhodamine B adsorption on the fiber surface and most of them were packaged in the collagen fibers gaps.
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  Preparation and properties of water-borne nano-ZrO₂/epoxy polysiloxane anti-corrosion hybrid coating

  SUN Dongbo, HANG Jianzhong, SUN Xiaoying, JIN Lujiang, SHI Liyi, LAI Yawen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3202-3207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.038

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  Water-borne organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were obtained via sol-gel condensation between GPTMS and zirconia particles dispersed in water. The impacts of molar ratios of ZrO₂ to GPTMS on salt spray resistance and electrochemical performance were investigated. Results indicated that with increasing ratio of ZrO₂/GPTMS, the anticorrosion property of the coatings firstly increased and then decreased. The optimal ratio of ZrO₂/GPTMS was 1∶5, and the salt spray process time of coatings with optimal ratio was 1 500 h, impedance was 10⁷ Ω·cm² and the corrosion current density was 10^-10 A/cm². SEM image exhibited that the coating with ZrO₂/GPTMS ratio of 1∶5 had a good dispersible uniformity without agglomeration.TG test showed that the thermal stability of the hybrids increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing ratio of ZrO₂/GPTMS.
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  Preparation and properties of cyclodextrin/montmorillonite

  CHEN Qihao, HU Na, SHI Dongjian, CAO Ying, LI Yayu, NIU Deyu, CHEN Mingqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3208-3213. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.039

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  Polyethylene glycol/cyclodextrin/montmorillonite (PEG/CD/MMT) complex gels were prepared by using PEG as monomer, CD as the cross-linking agent and MMT as reinforced materials. The structure of the gels was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The content of each component and the decomposition temperature of gels were detected by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results from tensile, compression and rheometer tests showed the high mechanical performance of the gels. Before and after the modification, the stress of the gels enhanced at least three times when it was under the maximum load. The complex gels had excellent mechanical properties by adding montmorillonite. The test of UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed the complex gels had good adsorption properties of the organic and inorganic matter. These results suggested the gels could be as a good adsorption material in the water sewage treatment systems.
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  The impact of heat treatment on the performance of carbon fiber electrode

  SHEN Zhen, SONG Yusu, ZHANG Lei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3214-3217. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.040

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  The variation of the performance of carbon fiber elect rode in underwater electric field measurement was studied after the carbon firber was heated. The 3 K-T300 carbon fiber was selected as the raw materials and heated by 445,465, 485 ℃ in muffle to get activated carbon fiber electrodes .Using electrochemical station and low-noise low-frequency amplifier to analyze the electrochemical properties and self-noise level of carbon fiber electrode which will use in underwater electric measurement. The changes of carbon fiber in variation of potential, polarization and the time to get full performance were discussed. The result show that the increasing of heat treatment temperature could improve the stability of potential, performance of anti-polarization and reduce the time to get best noise level. All the work may be a useful exploration to prepare the electrodes which could be put in use after deployed in ocean electric field measurement.
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  Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-cerium oxide hybrid catalyst and the degradation of ammonia under visible light irradiation

  XUE Tingting, ZHANG Huan, LIU Shouqing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3218-3222. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.041

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  CeO₂-rG hybrid material was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, the as-synthesized material was characterized by XRD, TEM, FT-IR, Raman and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The resulting CeO₂-rG composite was utilized for the photo-catalytic degradation of ammonia under λ＞400 nm visible light irradiation. The effects of different parameters such as the amount of catalyst, pH value, initial concentration of ammonia, GO content on the degradation efficiency were investigated. The results showed that a degradation ratio of 92.4% was achieved using 0.10 g CeO₂-rG (GO 5.0wt%) hybrid material as the photocatalyst in 50 mL solution containing 100 mg/L ammonia-N with pH 10.0 under visible light for 8 h, whereas the degradation ratio of CeO₂ for ammonia was only 38.0% under similar conditions. The kinetic studies showed that the degradation of ammonia follows the first-order reaction and the apparent rate constant is equal to 4.2×10^-3min^-1. The reaction mechanism was analyzed based on the degradation products.
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  Sintering temperature on the properties of Nb₂O₅ doped TiO₂ target

  ZHU Zuoxiang, PENG Wei, SHANG Fuliang, GAO Ling, YANG Haitao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3223-3226. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.042

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  Nb-doped TiO₂ (NTO) ceramic targets were prepared by vacuum sintering process. The effects of sintering temperatures on the crystal structure, fracture surface morphology, mechanical and electrical properties, densification behavior and bending strength of the sintered NTO ceramic targets with doping amount of 7.5wt% Nb₂O₅ were investigated. The optimum sintering temperature was considered as 1 150 ℃. The results indicated that NTO targets with doping amount of 7.5wt% Nb₂O₅ sintered at 1 150 ℃ had the best properties combination, which was corresponding to an resistivity of 3.420 mΩ·cm, a bending strength of 129.24 MPa, a relative density of 94.30%. This kind of NTO ceramic has a potential to be used as a high-quality sputtering target.
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  The effect of surface mechanical attrition on hydroxyapatite coating on the surface of AZ31 fabricated by sol-gel

  AN Yanli, DU Huayun, FAN Wei, WEI Yinghui, GUO Chunli, HOU Lifeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3227-3231. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.043

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  In this paper, the surface mechanical attrition (SMAT) had been used as the pre-treatment technology and Ca(OH)₂ and Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O had been used as raw materials. A hydroxyapatite coating had been prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy using a sol-gel technique. The phases, surface morphologies and the adhesion of the hydroxyapatite coating were detected by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, 3D optical profiler and cross cutting test. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were tested using electrochemical workstation in normal saline solution. The results indicate that the HAP coating shows the enhanced crystallinity after SMAT. The thickness of HAP coating increased from 8 to 18 μm and the bonding strength between the HAP coating and SMATed substrate is obviously improved. Dynamic potential polarization tests show the corrosion current density of HAP coating on SMATed sample was about 50% lower than that on original sample and the corrosion potential shifted by 56.1 mV to the positive direction, which indicate corrosion resistance of HAP coating on SMATed sample was significantly enhanced.
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  Luminescent properties and synthesis of CaMoO₄∶Eu³⁺ red phosphor by NH₄Cl flux

  ZHU Desheng, JIANG Feng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3232-3237. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.044

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  The CaMoO₄∶Eu³⁺ phosphors were synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method with NH₄Cl flux. The optimum synthesis temperature of the powders was studied by using a thermal analyzer (TG-DSC). The internal structures and the surface topographies were tested by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and laser Raman spectroscopy. The luminescence of the crystal was detected by fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the synthesis temperature of the crystal is 800 ℃. The powders are pure CaMoO₄ crystal and have the stable structure. The particles are spherical clusters and the size is about 5/7 μm. The excitation spectrum is mainly composed by a charge transfer band from 200 to 350 nm of O^2-→Eu³⁺ and O^2-→Mo⁶⁺ and two peaks at 395 nm of ⁷F₀→⁵L₆ and 465 nm of ⁷F₀→⁵D₂. The emission spectrum is composed of a series of peaks from 580 to 750 nm. The main peak is at 615 nm due to the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺. The luminescence of phosphors is the best when the relative of the flux is 4mol%. The best content of Eu³⁺ is 0.06.
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  Establishing the general solution and giving application example for periodic wave atunilateral contact interface between two piezoelectric materials by stroh formalism and B-L integration

  LU Guihua, ZHAO Man, YUE Qiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3238-3242. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.045

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  The constitutive, geometry and equilibrium equations for anisotropic materials are transformed to solving the characteristic value problem by Stroh formalism, and the general solution for displacement and stress expressed by eigenvalues and eigenvectors are given too, and more the relationship of displacement and stress is established directly by the introduction of auxiliary vector. B-L integration solves the problem that the stroh method can not apply to some degenerated materials. If the wave is strong enough the interface will separate or slip in local areas when the elastic wave propagate at a unilateral contact interface, because only pressure not tension can generate in the interface, and non-linearity (boundary non-linearity) will be brought to the problem so that the solving to the question is very difficult. The Stroh formalism is applied to elastic dynamic stability problem for the piezoelectric material in the article, and Stroh dynamics solutions are given by combining Fourier analysis, the expressions are concise and beautiful and they are convenient to solve the difficulties caused by the nonlinear boundary. Finally the application of the Stroh formalism is introduced by an example.
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  Catalytic performance of CoMoN_x/CNTs catalysts for selective hydrogenation of chloronitrobenzene

  ZHAO Zhaohui, ZOU Hanbo, CHEN Shengzhou, LIU Zili, LIANG Hong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3243-3245. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.046

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  Sevral transition metals nitrides over carbon nanotube were synthesized by combining impregnation methods with temperature programmed reduction and characterized by XRD, BET, TG-DSC techniques. The results show that the CoMoN_x/CNTs exhibits a much higher activity and selectivity than MoN_x/CNTs in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of chloronitrobenze to chloroaniline. The maximum conversion of both o-chloronitrobenzene reaches 89.8% and 57.5%, respectively. It was also found that doping appropriate amount of La into CoMoNx/CNTs catalysts improved the catalytic activity to some extent, while the selectivity for o-CAN reaches 99.3%.
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  Fabrication of charge-reversal prodrug micelles based on polylysine for potential targeting drug delivery in tumor

  ZHANG Jing, CHEN Jiada, FENG Jie

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(3): 3246-3252. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.03.047

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  A new type of charge-reversal prodrug micelles based on polylysine was designed and fabricated for potential targeting drug delivery in tumor. Firstly, doxorubicin terminated polylysine (DOX-PLL) was synthesized through ring opening polymerization of Nε-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine anhydride (Z-Lys-NCA) initiated by amino group on DOX. After terminal modification with targeting ligands, folic acid (FA), the polymer was de-protected to obtain DOX-PLL-FA. Then the polymer was modified with 2,3- dimethyl maleic anhydride, enabling the final product DOX-PLL(DMA)-FA with charge reversal ability. The prodrug DOX-PLL(DMA)-FA could assemble to form micelles in water. The particle size was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The prodrug micelles could maintain negatively charged under physiological condition while revert to positively charged under mild acidic environment. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies showed that the prodrug micelles could release drug efficiently under the function of papaya protease.