30 September 2017, Volume 48 Issue 9

    

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Focuses & Concern
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  Ni-Co sulfide electrode material for supercapacitor

  XIAO Fuqiang,YUAN Daqing,ZHU Shengyun,ZHU Jiliang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9001-9006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.001

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  Using electric double layers or rapidly reversible Faraday’s reactions with special ion on or near the surface, supercapacitor (SC) is a new energy storage device of high power/energy density and long cycle life in recent years. The study of nickel-cobalt sulfide electrode material has been gotten more attentions, because of their higher electrical conductivity than single sulfides or oxides, and excellent electrochemical performance resulted by synergy effects of two metal ions. According to the related literatures reported in recent years, working principles, preparation methods, electrochemical performance and merits/demerits of nickel-cobalt sulfide are reviewed, and researches of its storage mechanism and structure design are prospected.
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  Effect of graphene content on electrochemical performance of aluminum air battery electrode

  FENG Pan,YU Xiaohua,LI Yonggang,YU Shuanglin,LI Rongxing,XIE Gang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9007-9010. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.002

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  Graphene was prepared by redox using hydrazine, and graphene/MnO₂ composite was prepared through coprecipitation method. The as-prepared composites were characterized by SEM and XRD, and its application in the aluminum air battery was researched by electrochemical performance test. The electrochemical performance of graphene/manganese dioxide with different graphene content was obtained. It was found that GN/MnO₂ composites showed the best electrochemical performance, when the graphene content was 50%. The discharge platform was 1.25, 1.06, 0.95, 0.87, 0.80 and 0.76 V, under the current density of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mA/cm², respectively.
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  Synthesis and electrochemical properties of VO₂/rGO composite for high-performance anode materials for Li-ion batteries

  XIAO Zhongxing,PENG Zhiguang,WANG Haiyan,TANG Yougen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9011-9017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.003

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  In this work, VO₂/rGO composite was successfully prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared composites were characterized by XRD, SEM and Raman measurements. Its electrochemical performance as anode for lithium ion batteries was also evaluated. The results show that VO₂ was flak and well anchored together with graphene oxide reduced during the hydrothermal reaction. When used as anode for lithium ion battery, this composite exhibited a high capacity of 621.8 mAh/g at 100 mA/g, which is much higher than the theory capacity of graphite (372 mAh/g). At 300 mA/g, it maintained a capacity of 384mAh/g after 100 cycles. Even at a higher current density of 2 000 mA/g, the discharge capacity was still retained 256 mAh/g after 300 cycles with capacity retention of almost 100%. Owing to the excellent conductivity of rGO and the synergistic effect between VO₂ and rGO, the VO₂/rGO composite demonstrated high reversible capacity, good rate performance and excellent cycling stability. It was a promising anode material for lithium ion battery.
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  Preparation of deoxidized carbon-wrapped carbon nanotube-sulfur composite and its performance for lithium-sulfur battery

  CAO Zheng,ZHU Wen,CHONG Baohe

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9018-9023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.004

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  Sulfur is one of the most promising cathode material for lithium batteries as it possesses high theoretical specific capacity. In order to solve the problems encountered in the practical application of lithium-sulfur battery, in this work, the deoxidized carbon coating is fabricated by deoxidizing carbon precursor to encapsulate carbon nanotube-sulfur nanocomposite, forming a deoxidized carbon-wrapped CNT-S nanostructure. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that sulfur was uniformly distributed across the CNT, and a layer of deoxidized carbon coated on the surface of CNT-S nanocomposite. The electrochemical test results showed that this kind of material exhibits high specific capacity and cycle stability in comparison with CNT-S nanocomposite.
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  Research progress on sewage sludge-based biochar

  HUANG Yanning,WANG Xiao,ZHANG Hongjie,LIU Yin, FENG Leiyu,YAN Yuanyuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9024-9029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.005

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  In recent years, in China the amount of sludge in wastewater treatment plants has been increased gradually with the improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency. Sludge innocence, reduction and reuse have become an important topic in the field of environment protection. In this paper, the compositions and structure characteristics of sludge biochar were analyzed on the basis of summarizing the preparation methods. Furthermore, the application of sludge biochar at home and abroad was also summarized from the aspects of water pollution control, air pollution control, electrochemistry and soil remeditaion. Finally, the directions for the research and application of sludge biochar was predicted.
Review & Advance
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  Recent development of inorganic scintillators

  LIN Na,REN Wensheng,JIANG Ting,GAO Bo,FU Jun,ZHAO Yiying

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9030-9037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.006

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  Scintillators which could convert high-energy photon such as X- and gamma-ray or charged particles such as electrons and alphaparticles into a bunch of UV-Vis light, have been extensively studied over the past decades and been applied to the medical imaging and dosimetry, security inspection, industrial detection and high-energy physics. In general, the rare earth ions such as Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺ or Eu²⁺ are doped in host crystals due to the fast decay time (typically tens to hundreds ns) and high quantum efficiency of the 5d-4f radiative transitions of these centers. In this review, the major achievements from the last decades in the field of inorganic scintillator are described, mainly including the halide, aluminate and silicate compounds.
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  Research progress of supported inorganic antibacterial materials

  MA Xiaoxia，PEI Yangyang，LEI Yun，PU Tao，MA Yulong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9038-9042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.007

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  Antimicrobial material is used to prevent bacteria, mold and other microorganisms on people's lives. The supported inorganic antibacterial materials were reviewed in this paper. The influence of the carrier of inorganic antibacterial agents, antibacterial composition, preparation conditions and antibacterial mechanism were summarized and analyzed. At last, the prospect of inorganic antibacterial materials was also discussed.
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  Preparation, properties and application of graphene/Cu composite materials

  LI Shuangyi,LI Aijun,DAI Dan,LIU Ying, WU Yuming,BAI Hua,LIN Cheng-Te,JIANG Nan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9043-9051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.008

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  Graphene possesses unique two-dimensional honeycomb structure and excellent properties, which is an ideal reinforcement in the metal composites. In the process of traditional powder metallurgy method, graphene sheets tend to be agglomerate and have poor affinity to copper. In addition, this method can effectively improve the mechanical properties of composite materials, but also reduce the thermal conductivity. As the further studies in the structure and the interfaces of the composites, high performance graphene/Cu composites are fabricated in powder preparing methods such as in-situ growth method, which helps to develop outstanding copper-based electrical contact materials. This paper reviews the recent progresses of Graphene/Cu composites in the preparation, such as chemical vapor deposition, mechanical mixture and in-situ growth method, properties, such as mechanical properties, electrical properties, oxide resistance and thermal conductivity, and application of the electrical contact materials as well as the prospects and challenges.
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  Experimental research progress on fracture behavior of ferroelectric single crystals

  LI Jijun,JIA Xiaodan,LANG Fengchao,ZHAO Chunwang, YAN Lan,XING Yongming,YANG Lianxiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9052-9062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.009

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  Because of the low fracture toughness, ferroelectric single crystal are brittle and susceptible to cracking and fracturing when subjected to mechanical loading, electric field loading, electromechanical loading, etc. The experimental research progress on the fracture behavior of ferroelectric single crystals under mechanical loading, electric field loading, electromechanical loading and environment are summarized. Meanwhile, some suggestions about the present experimental study on the fracture behavior of ferroelectric single crystals are proposed.
Research & Development
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  Preparation and supercapacitor performance of NiS-NCNTs composite

  DI Fang,XING Tianyu,ZHAO Xiaoping,LI Lixiang, GENG Xin,SONG Renfeng,AN Baigang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9063-9066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.010

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  The composite NiS-NCNTs was prepared by using the nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) and the C₁₀H₂₀N₂NiS₄ as the support and the precursor of NiS, respectively, through the heat treatment method. The influence of treatment temperature on the morphology, structure, texture and supercapacitor performance of the composite materials was investigated. At 400 ℃, the pyrolysis of C₁₀H₂₀N₂NiS₄ results into the formation of α-NiS, and thus the composite of NiS-NCNTs was formed. However, the small amount of NiS with large particle size is produced at 400 ℃ since the low temperature. At 500 ℃, the size of NiS become smaller and its amount increases. At 600 ℃, the α-NiS transforms to β-NiS and the new phase of Ni₉S₈ formed. The NiS-NCNT500 prepared at 500 ℃ owns the highest volume of mesopores with size of 2-5 nm, facilitating ion transport, and the largest specific surface area for charge accumulation. Therefore, as the electrode materials of supercapacitor, it exhibits a high specific capacitance and good durability of chare-discharge cycles.
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  Effects of indenter depth and velocity in nano-Cu film scratch process using multiscale method

  GUI Junmin, NI Yushan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9067-9073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.011

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  The surface scratch processes of nano-Cu film at different depths and velocities have been simulated by using bridging domain method.Firstly, both of the friction force and the system deformation energy increase obviously with the rise of indenter depth, while changing the friction velocity has little effect.Secondly, statistical analysis for the numbers of dislocation atoms shows that the indenter depth has a significant effect on the occurrence of dislocation in the friction process. The number of dislocation atoms increases significantly with the rise of indenter depth. The contributions of different deformation mechanisms to the total strain are quantitatively analyzed. The influences of indenter depth on the strain contribution are discrepant for different deformation mechanisms. The performance of FCC strain decreases with the rise of indenter depth and the contributions of dislocation and twinning atoms are less affected by the change of depth. Lastly, the friction velocity has almost no impact on micro-deformation mechanisms such as dislocation and twinning, which is consistent with the results of the friction force and the system deformation energy.
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  Recognitions and removal performance of lotus root-based activated carbon towards Fe(Ⅲ)

  WU Ruiyan,XUE Xiaoyan,WANG Yong,AN Fuqiang,HU Tuoping,JIAO Weizhou

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9074-9079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.012

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  Rare earth elements are important strategic resources. However, trace Fe(Ⅲ) impurity in rare earth materials can seriously damage the performance of rare earth materials. In this paper, AC-LR, nitrogen-containing carbon materials, was synthesized using lotus root as raw materials, KOH as activator. The AC-LR was characterized by surface area analyzer, elemental analysis and FT-IR. The recognition and removal properties of AC-LR towards Fe(Ⅲ) were investigated. With rich nitrogen-containing functional groups, the adsorption capacity of AC-LR-400 towards Fe(Ⅲ) could reach 25.89 mg/g and removal rate towards Fe(Ⅲ) was 99.61%. Relative selectivity coefficients towards Fe(Ⅲ) was 8.9, with respect to La(Ⅲ). Besides, AC-LR-400 possessed better regeneration ability and reusability.
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  Synthesis of Ag/AgCl/protonated g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite and its photocatalytic performance

  JIN Youlai,DONG Hao,LU Xuejun,LV Jun,ZHANG Xinyi, WANG Dongmei, XU Guangqing,ZHENG Zhixiang,WU Yucheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9080-9085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.013

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  Ag/AgCl/protonated g-C₃N₄ (Ag/AgCl/p-g-C₃N₄) nanocomposites were synthesized by the deposition-precipitation method. The structures, morphologies and optical properties of samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis and PL. UV-Vis and PL analysis showed that the response abilities to visible light and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges of p-g-C₃N₄ and Ag/AgCl/p-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites were significantly enhanced. The photocatalytic performances of samples were evaluated by photodegradation of methyl orange (MO), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation rates of the optimized Ag/AgCl/p-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite to MO, TC and CIP were 90.4% (60 min), 92.4% (120 min) and 76.1% (120 min) under visible light irradiation, respectively. Besides, Ag/AgCl/p-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite showed good photocatalyticability. The enhanced photocatalytic performances of Ag/AgCl/p-g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites were attributed to the strong surfaced plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles and the synergistic effect between Ag, AgCl and p-g-C₃N₄.
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  The effects of plasma treatment on the strain sensing performance for the flexible conductive fibers

  XUE Pu,WANG Junpu, X.M. Tao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9086-9088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.014

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  In this paper, the preparation process and strain sensing performance of PPy-XLA fibers have been studied. However, the surface of XLA fiber is very smooth. Therefore, before the traditional chemical vapor deposition process, special treatment should be handled on the substrate fibers. Plasma treatment can change the roughness of the fiber surface, in order that PPy can be attached to the surface easily and increase the contact strength between PPy and substrate fiber. In this paper, the mechanical property and sensing performance of PPy-XLA fibers under different plasma time (5, 15 min) were compared. The experimental results show that plasma treatment had little influence on the mechanical property, but obviously affected the strain sensing performance.
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  Study of flame-retarded and antistatic polypropylene composites

  YIN Chaolu,GE Xinguo,LI Pingli

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9089-9091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.015

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  In this paper, the antistatic efficiency of conductive filler in flame-retardant and antistatic polypropylene composites was improved by controlling the distribution of conductive fillers, and the combustibility and tensile properties of the composites were improved as well. When the polyethylene content in polymer matrix was 20wt%, the flame-retarded and antistatic polypropylene composites, with 5 phr carbon black and 45 phr flame retardant, reached a surface resistivity of 7.41×10⁵ Ω, LOI value of 30%, vertical combustion performance of V-0, tensile strength of 27.1 MPa and breaking elongation of 74.9%.
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  Optimization of barium titanate nanopowder slip for tape casting

  AI Yongping,DU Shenglian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9092-9095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.016

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  Dispersion of barium titanate nano powder with average particle size of 30 nm in different solvent systems of tape casting (toluene-ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone-ethanol, xylene-ethanol) along with Triton x-100 or phosphate ester as dispersants has been studied using sedimentation experiments. The influence of different parameters such as type of solvent system, dispersant and concentration of dispersant on BaTiO₃ slip dispersion, viscosity and the properties of green tape were studied. The optimal concentration of dispersant was determined from the minimum slip viscosity. Xylene-ethanol with phosphate ester was found to be the best solvent and dispersant system for tape casting. Defect free, dense and smooth green tapes are formed with this system.
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  Effects of electric field on magnetism of Ti- and Zn- doped monolayer SnSe

  CHANG Shanshan,LI Wei,MA Yaqiang,WANG Xiaolong,DAI Xianqi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9096-9099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.017

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  Themagnetism of transition metal (TM=Zn, Ti) doped monolayer SnSe is investigated by using first-principles method based on density functional theory. The calculationindicates that it is easier for Ti to substitute Sn than Zn in mono-layer SnSe.No magnetism is found in Zn-doped SnSe, while Ti-doped SnSe displays magnetism and the Fermi level of Ti-doped monolayer SnSe moves to the bottom of the conduction band. The external electric field makes Ti- and Zn-doping in SnSe become hard. The external electric field induces the charge redistribution of Ti-doped SnSe. Furthermore, from -4 to 4 V/nm, the influences of external electric field on the magnetism of Ti- and Zn-doped SnSe are slight.
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  First principle calculation of two kinds of heterojunctions generated from g-C₃N₄

  ZHAO Yupei,ZHU Yujun,LU Yunxiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9100-9104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.018

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  Heterojunctions g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄/MoS₂ were studied by first principle calculation. The band gaps of g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄/MoS₂ were 1.281 eV and 0.344 eV, which decreased in comparison with that of g-C₃N₄ single layer. Their VBM are comprised of 2p electron belong to N, while the CBM are mainly comprised of 3d electrons belong to Ti or Mo. The HOMO and LUMO of heterojunctions detached from the layers, inducing lower recombination velocity of electrons and holes and improving the efficiency of photolysis.
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  Preparation and properties of Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃/CoFe₂O₄ heterostructure layered multiferroelectric composite film

  WANG Yean,FU Yaqing,LI Jianwen,LI Wei,HE Yuping

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9105-9109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.019

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  A Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃/CoFe₂O₄ heterostructure composite film was grown on a Pt(200)/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si(100) substrate by RF-magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction shows that the composite film consists of perovskite Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃ and spinel CoFe₂O₄ phases. The microstructure of the composite film was observed by a field-emission scanning electron microscope,showing clear interfaces among the Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃ film, CoFe₂O₄ film and the substrate. The value of the leakage current density for the composite film is 3.1×10^-5A/cm² at the electric field of about 100.0 kV/cm. The variations of dielectric properties with frequency of the heterostructure composite film are investigated. In the region of low frequency, dielectric constant sharply decreases with the increase of frequency, while in the region of higher frequency, dielectric constant is almost constant, exhibiting dielectric dispersion.The composite film simultaneously displays distinct ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism. The values of saturated polarization (2P_s), remnant polarization(2P_r ) and coercive electric field(2E_c) of the composite film are 38.2, 9.8 μC/cm² and 260.1 kV/cm, respectively. The saturated magnetization (M_s) and remnant magnetization (M_r) of the composite film measured in the applied magnetic field parallel to the surface of the sample are larger than those measured in the applied magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of the sample.Moreover, an obvious direct magnetoelectric coupling effect was observed in the heterostructure composite film.Magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (α_E) increases with the increase of applied magnetic field, then when the applied magnetic field increases to 445.8 kA/m,on the contrary, α_E decreases with the increase of applied magnetic field. The maximum α_E is 18.8 mV/A at the applied magnetic field of 445.8 kA/m.
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  Influence of sintering temperature on microstructure and antiferromagnetic phase of CuFeO₂ceramics

  ZHANG Lei，XIONG Dingkang，ZI Dongbin，TAN Xiaojun，XU Shoulei，DENG Wen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9110-9115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.020

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  The CuFeO₂(CFO) ceramics were prepared by using solid state reaction method at different sintering temperatures such as 950，1 000，1 050 and 1 100 ℃. The influence of sintering temperature on microstructure, element valence and antiferromagnetic phase of CuFeO₂ceramics has been investigated. The XRD results showed that a major CFO phase has been formed in all CFO ceramics. The SEM images indicated that the microstructure morphology is obviously affected by sintering temperatures. The grain size and open volume of the pores increases with the increasing sintering temperatures. The XPS spectra showed that the valence state in copper appears in the mixed state of Cu⁺ and Cu⁺², while the iron ion valence is unchanged. Magnetic measurements showed that the stability of antiferromagnetic phase of CFO ceramics decreases with the increase of sintering temperatures.
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  Study on preparation of low quality fractional graphene doped aluminum composites

  LI Duosheng,LI Chongyuan,LIU Shucen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9116-9119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.021

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  In this paper, graphene doped aluminum composite powder was prepared by ethanol dispersion and mechanical ball milling, and graphene doped aluminum composites with 0.5wt% graphene were prepared by argon gas-assisted hot-press sintering. The morphology and composition of composite powders and composites were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and Raman laser spectroscopy respectively. The effects of milling time on the microstructure of the composites were studied. The results show that the best milling time is 3 h. The graphene doped aluminum matrix composites are dense, and graphene is uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. The graphene remains a better microstructure, and the composite has a wide application prospects.
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  First-principles study on interfacial electronic properties of MoS₂/WS₂ hetero-structure

  YAO Guoying,LIU Qinglu,ZHAO Zongyan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9120-9128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.022

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  Construction of heterogeneous structure is an effective stratagem to improve the quantum efficiency of photocatalytic materials. On the other hand, the outstanding characteristic of two dimensional materials is the ultra-high mobility of carrier in the crystal plane. To combine above advantages is the hot-spot subject in the field of high efficient photocatalysts. The small lattice mismatch and the identical crystal structure of MoS₂ and WS₂ in the present work make them possess very insignificant interface relaxation and interface binding energy, when they are combined together to form six different hetero-structures. When they are combined to form the seamless in-plane hetero-structures, they almost retain the electronic structure characteristics of each single molecular layer. Moreover, the relative band-shifting and built-in electric field at the interface is very benefit for the anisotropic transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, leading to enhance the photocatalytic quantum efficiency. When they are combined to form vertical stacking double hetero-structure, they present the similar electronic structure characteristics with each bulk phase, due to the interlayer weak Van Der Waals interaction that ensure the stability of two-dimensional crystal plane. Although vertical stacking Van Der Waals hetero-structures between MoS₂ and WS₂ cannot use the advantages of ultra-high mobility of carriers, but the energy bands of this type of hetero-structure are obviously down-shifting, resulting in the enhancement of redox potential. These results can enhance the understanding for the high efficient photocatalyst based on two-dimensional materials, and is helpful to the further development of novel photocatalytic materials and devices.
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  Evaluation of cracking-resistance potential of large stone permeable asphalt mixture based on overlay tester

  ZHAI Ruixin,CHEN Yongman,YU Qinghua,YUAN Wenhao,ZENG Zhiwu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9129-9135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.023

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  In order to investigate the cracking-resistance potencial of large stone permeable asphalt, the overlay tester was used and several indexes including the number of test cycles, the load loss rate, the total fracture energy, the maximum load of the first cycle, the displacement at the maximum load of the first cycle and the first periodic fracture energy were analyzed. Results show thatthe test number and load loss rate can be combined to reflect the crack resistance of asphalt mixture by OT and results show small variability, while the remaining indicators cannot fully reflect asphalt mixture’s performance. The rubber modified aspahlt mixture shows better crack resistance at low temperature or when the temperaturedifference is large.Thecurve of test cycle and maximum load conforms to the law of power function.
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  Effect of doping on the adsorption of arsenic molecules on monolayer MoS₂

  SONG Gongming,XU Gongjie,WANG Yaole

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9136-9140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.024

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  The adsorption properties of arsenic gas molecules (AsH₃) on monolayer doped MOS₂ were investigated by using the first-principles calculations method based on density functional theory. And, the impacts of different adsorption sites in the intrinsic monolayer MoS₂ on arsenic molecules were discussed. To improve the poor absorption of intrinsic MoS₂, silicon atoms were introduced by replacing one of the sulfur atoms (S) in the unit cell. The calculated results demonstrated that Si-doped monolayer MOS₂ has more excellent adsorption properties for arsine molecules than the intrinsic monolayer MOS₂, such as lower adsorption height, smaller adsorption energy, more charge transfer, and stronger interacting with arsine molecules. These provide theoretical fundamentals for adsorption applications of monolayer MOS₂ on environmental gases.
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  Effect of metakaolin on performance of foamed phosphaste hydro-ceramics

  LI Jun,HOU Li,DONG Weiming,LU Zhongyuan,LAI Zhenyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9141-9145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.025

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  Foamed phosphate hydro-ceramic with dry bulk density of about 800 kg/m³ has been prepared by adding various content of metakaolin (MK) to replace parts of dead burnt MgO through mechanical foaming process at room temperature. The mechanical properties, microstructures and the properties after calcination of the samples have also been studied. The addition of MK could improve the compressive strength of the sample. Meanwhile, the addition of MK could also improve the thermal stability of the sample. The relatively high residual compressive and low dry bulk density of the sample after calcinations has been observed.
Process & Technology
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  Effects of various substrates on the morphology of nickel nano-island masks fabricated by annealing

  XUE Junjun,CAI Qing,ZHANG Baohua,GE Mei,CHEN Jiangwei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9146-9149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.026

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  It is a common approach that uniform GaN nano-rod arrays are fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching using self-assembly nickel nano-islands as the masks on GaN layer. However, the GaN nano-roads, fabricated in following step, will be contaminated by the adhesive metal Ni. Moreover, the GaN, exposed at high temperature without capping layer, will suffer the decomposition for breaking the Ga-N bonds. Hence, a detailed research on the self-assembly nickel nano-islands fabricated on the substrates of GaN, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Si_xN_y, respectively. In fact, Al₂O₃ are the optimal substrate among the four kinds of dielectric substance, where the nano-islands are fabricated with uniformly round morphology under annealing temperature of 850 ℃.
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  Catalytic electrolysis of sodium chlorite to prepare highly pure chlorine dioxide

  FAN Dandan,TIAN Ying,HAN Lida,LIU Zongyu,TENG Yingli,LI Boji

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9150-9156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.027

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  Catalytic layer of CeO₂, WO₃ and RuO₂ were obtained on the surface of titanium metal plate by thermal decomposition method. The morphology and microstructure characterization of the metal oxides were conducted by SEM and XRD. Chlorine dioxide wasprepared by electrolysis with these metal plates as anode.The effect of multiple parameters including meal oxide species, reactant concentration, temperatureand reaction voltage on chlorine dioxide production were investigated. The results showed that the catalytic activity of RuO₂ was much better than WO₃ and CeO₂. Significant different NaClO₂ concentration definitely resulted in significant different ClO₂ concentration, but slightly in reaction conversion rate. Higher temperature led to higher reaction rate of 93.5%, 98.1% and 99.8% and higher ClO₂ concentration of 6 212, 6 343 and 6 618 mg/L at 20, 40, 60 ℃, respectively.Electrolysisof NaClO₂ washeavily dependent on voltage. The higher voltage resulted in higher chlorine dioxide and conversionrate, but larger per power consumption due to the intensified side reaction at the high voltage. The total mass of ClO₂ increased by 16.9% and 39.3%, but the per power consumption increased by 88.1% and 190.7% at voltage of 12 and 15 V compared with 8 V.
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  Synthesis and properties of thermo-sensitive and pH-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)/AAC

  TANG Jieli,MA Jing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9157-9161. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.028

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  In this article, the PNIPAm and PNIPAm/AAc with thermo-sensitive and pH-sensitivewere synthesized. The structures and properties of the composite were characterized bySEMandparticle size analyzer. The results showed that the as-prepared materials exhibited a well monodispersity.The relationship of diameter and temperature was detected, and the result showed that the microspheres had temperature-sensitive property with the lowest critical solution temperature(LCST) about 31 ℃. PNIPAm/AAc has the properties ofthermo-sensitive and pH-sensitive. The influence of pH and temperature on binding rate of the PNIPAm and PNIPAm/AAc were investigated. It was indicated that the mutual cross-linking of the polymer chain increased through PNIPAmcopolymerized with AAc. PNIPAm/AAc was contraction state, making the polymer space network structure become dense.When the temperature was lower than the LCST, the structure of PNIPAm/AAc changed, and the contraction of the polymer in the chain was hydrophobic, which reduced the effect on the binding rate of HSA. When the pH increased, the free amino groups in the molecular chain increased, leading to forming the hydrogen bonds in the PNIPAm chain, which increased the binding rate of HSA.
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  Preparation and properties of (1-x)KNNT-xBNZ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

  LU Cuimin,WANG Dongmei,LIU Qingsuo,HUA Junsheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9162-9166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.029

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  (1-x)KNNT-xBNZ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by solid state reaction method. The effect of composition and sintering temperature on the phase, microstructure and electric-properties were studied. The results show that the calcination temperature of 850 ℃ is determined by thermal analysis. By XRD detecting, the calcinated powder are typical perovskite structures, and the crystal structure is the coexistence of tetragonal phase and orthorhombic phase. By SEM, the good sintering ceramics with a uniform grain are obtained for the ceramic when x=0.04 and sintering temperature is 1 120 ℃. The electric-properties test shows that the ceramics with excellent electric properties of ε_r=1 250, d₃₃=235 pC/N, k_p=0.43 are obtained at sintering temperature of 1 120 ℃. When x=0.04, the resonance frequency f_r is 210.032 kHz, which is lower than that of other components.
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  Carbon nanoparticles synthesized by excimer pulsed-laser ablation in liquid and its photoluminescence

  WANG Ying,YU Yunjie,LIU Jing,ZHU Jun,WANG Wei,XIA Weiwei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9167-9170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.030

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  Silicon carbide (SiC) powders were dispersed in de-ionized water and ablated with the excimer pulsed laser. The carbon nanoparticles suspended in de-ionized water were prepared via the centrifugation. The transmission electron microscopy images show that the carbon nanoparticles are mostly hollow with a diameter of 20-30 nm. The surfaces of the nanoparticles are passivated well. The carbon nanoparticles have excellent photoluminescence properties. Excited by the violet lines, the nanoparticles have strong and stable photoluminescence emission in the violet-blue region, which is related to the defect states and the quantum confinement effect.
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  An improved liquid-phase exfoliation method for efficient preparation of 2D MoS₂ nanosheets

  SUN Zhenyi,BAI Lu,BAO Ruiying,YANG Mingbo,YANG Wei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9171-9174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.031

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  An improved liquid-phase exfoliation method for the preparation of MoS₂ 2D nanosheets combined ball-milling and high-speed shearing was reported. During the ball-milling process, CaCO₃ particles were incorporated as micro milling balls and drops of NMP was also added as liquid lubrication. The mixture of MoS₂, CaCO₃ and NMP was ball-milled at 400rpm for a certain time. After that, the mixture was washed and dissolved in 45% ethanol/water with proper amount of HCl to get rid of CaCO₃. Then high-speed shearing was used to exfoliate the ball-milled MoS₂ nanoparticles, and high-speed centrifugation was used to precipitate the bulk MoS₂ particles in the mixture, thus the supernatant full of MoS₂ nanosheets was obtained. Malvern Zetasizer, SEM, AFM, TEM, Raman was used to characterize the obtained MoS₂ nanosheets. It turned out that the MoS₂ 2D nanosheets were successfully obtained using this method, and the highest yield 54.43 mg/ml was achieved.
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  LiNi_0.5 Co_0.2 Mn_0.3 O₂ ternary anode material surface residual lithium and pH control research

  LIU Lin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9175-9179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.032

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  LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ was dried at 120 ℃ after washing, and then tempering treated at 400 ℃ for 4 h. In this paper, the effects of pre-washing and post-tempering of LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ material in water and mixture of water and ethanol on pH, dissolvable Li content, BET and phase structure were studied by chemical analysis, specific surface area and XRD analysis. Results show that by pre-washing and post-tempering treatment, pH value of LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ decreases from 11.5 to less than 11. Dissolvable Li is reduced from 4×10^-4 to 2×10^-4 with the control of specific surface area under 0.5 m²/g. Discharge capacity and performance of rate discharge are almost constant associated with common microstructure of LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂.
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  Magnetostriction of Fe_64.7Co₆Cr_2.3Mo_2.5B_5.5C₇Si_3.3P_8.7 bulk amorphous alloy

  NI Xiaojun,BO Xihui,LI Zhun,LIU Yingchun,LI Deren,LU Zhichao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9180-9183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.033

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  Bulk amorphous Alloy Fe_64.7Co₆Cr_2.3Mo_2.5B_5.5C₇Si_3.3P_8.7with diameter of 2 mm has been prepared by copper mold upper suction casting method. The glass transition temperature T_g, supercooled liquid rigeon ΔT_x(=T_x1-T_g), reduced glass transition temperature T_rg(=T_g/T_l) and glass-forming ability parameter (=T_x1/(T_g+T_l)) were measured to be 754,25 K, 0.595 and 0.3855, respectively. The cast amorphous alloys were isothermal annealed at 733 K (＜T_g), 768 K (between T_g and T_x1) and 803 K (＞T_x1) under vacuum condition and their magnetostriction properties were studied by self-made magnetostrictive measuring device of capacitance method. The results showed that the saturation magnetostriction λ_s of the cast amorphous alloy was the order of 9×10^-6. With the increase of annealing temperature from 733 to 803 K, the change of λ_s increased first and then decreased, and the shape of the magnetostrictive curve becomes narrower first and the n wider. Soft magnetic properties and λ_s (=12×10^-6) of the samples became optimum under annealing of 733 K.
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  Preperation and characterization of anion functional polyester fiber

  ZHANG Kaijun,LI Qingshan,LUO Jinqiong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9184-9188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.034

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  Negative ion fiber was prepared by melt spinning of polyester chips gained by adding anion additives to the copolymerization process between terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Through the adjustment of process parameters, 1.56 dtex fiber with anion releasing, far-infrared emission, anti-flaming functions, was prepared. The results show that the static anion release quantity of this fiber is 23 /cm³ and far infrared emissivity is 0.88. The limit oxygen index of flocculus and non-woven fabric made of this fiber are 30% and 36.8%, respectively.
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  Effect of process parameters on SiC particle content in Ni-SiC nanocoatings

  LI Menglong, ZHOU Ruifen,MA Chunyang,CHENG Guofeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9189-9191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.035

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  Ni-SiC nanocoatings were deposited on the surface of 45 steel by using ultrasonic assisted pulse electrodeposition method. The optimal process parameters can be obtained by analyzing the effect of current density, pH and mixing speed on SiC particle content in Ni-SiC nanocoatings. The effect of process parameters on the surface topography and microstructure of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that the optimal process parameters are current density 6 A/dm², pH 4 and mixing speed 300 r/min. The surface of Ni-SiC nanocoatings is cellular and SiC particles is small with the average particle size of 21.5 nm.
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  Preparation of porous polydimethylsiloxane oil-absorbing material and study on mechanism of oil absorption

  CAO Zikai,XIANG Li,DONG Xinqi,TANG Jianshe

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9192-9196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.036

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  The hydrophobic and oleophilic porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oil-absorbing materials were prepared from glucose, sucrose and polydimethylsiloxane. The absorption to organic solvent and vegetable oil were measured and the mechanism of oil absorption properties was investigated. The experimental results indicate that the porous PDMS oil-absorbing material has an obvious 3D pore-structure. The oil-water separation experiment shows that the material has excellent hydrophobicity and oleophilicity, and also has high selectivity and high absorbency for organic solvents and oils. The quality of the absorbed organic solvent and the oil substance can reach 3 to 20 times the quality of itself. Saturated porous PDMS oil-absorbing material can recover the absorbed organic solution only by the physical extrusion, and the material can also restore the elasticity and adsorption capacity, being renewable. This study provides an economic, efficient and environmentally friendly solution for oil-water separation and recovery of waste oil.
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  Effect of Nb content in Fe-Nb master alloys on microstrcture and properties of Finemet-type ribbon

  DU Shuailong,ZHANG Lei,DU Jiejie,BU Shaojing,YANG Wei,SUN Jibing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9197-9203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.037

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  In this paper, Finemet-type nanocrystalline ribbons were made with Fe-Nb alloys whose Nb content is 63.6wt% and 66.5wt%, respectively, by the rapid solidification technique using a single-roller melt spinning equipment. The composition of phases and microstructures of different kinds of Fe-Nb alloys were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy technique. There were obvious eutectic structures in Fe-Nb alloy of which Nb content was 66.5wt%, while the other hardly had the eutectic structures. At the same time, the composition of phase and microstructure morphology of Finemet-type master alloy were also studied though identical methods. The results showed that there were differences for the microstructure of α-Fe(Si, B) phase between these master alloys. The brittleness of as-spun ribbons were measured by using Luborsky method. The fracture toughness of Fe-Nb alloy with 63.6 wt% Nb was higher than the one of Fe-Nb alloy with 66.5wt% Nb. As the soft magnetic properties result of samples shown, while the saturation magnetization of as-annealed ribbons made with Fe-Nb alloys with 63.6wt% Nb was as high as 126.7 A·m²/kg, which was higher than the later, and the coercivity of former was also higher than the later. The discrepancies on properties were related with the difference of raw materials and microstructure morphology in master alloys.
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  Research of MoS₂/TiO₂ photocatalyst synthesized by different methods

  HUANG Wanzhen,GUO Junzhi,YING Jiani,WANG Xiaojuan, YANG Qian,ZHENG Yifan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9204-9209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.038

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  TiO₂ nanofibers with different morphology were synthesized by hydrothermal process, calcination and electrospinning techniques, respectively, and then covered with MoS₂ to form MoS₂/TiO₂ nano-composite via hydrothermal process. The structure and morphology of the products were investigated by XRD and TEM. The results show that the amount of MoS₂ which vertical rooting into TiO₂ nanofibers prepared by electrospinning is the most. With contrast, the least amount of MoS₂ oblique rooting into TiO₂ nanofibers was obtained via calcination. The test of photocatalysis of methyl orange reveal that MoS₂/TiO₂ nanofibers preparaed by electrospinning have the best effect for decreasing the concentration of methyl orange to 20% with the catalytic efficiency of 72%.
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  Optical and UV-aging properties of LDHs modified bitumen

  LIU Xing,FENG Zhenzhong,FU Wei,LIU Xingdong,RUAN Yanbin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9210-9215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.039

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  Layered double hydroxides(LDHs) modified asphalt was prepared by melt blending. The effect of LDHs on UV-aging properties of modified asphalt was studied. The LDHs modified bitumen film was prepared. The mechanism between LDHs and bitumen was investigated by the optical property of bitumen film. The results showed that LDHs can effectively improve the UV-aging resistance of bitumen.
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  Synthesis and optimization of linear poly(urethane-urea) with enhanced mechanical properties

  LUO Min,MA Yufei,XIN Juan,XU Weilong,WANG Yuanliang,LUO Yanfeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(9): 9216-9220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.09.040

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  A linear segmented poly(urethane-urea) (PEG400-PUU-PZZ) was prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG400) co-initiated poly(D,L-lactic acid) macrodiol (PDLLA-PEG400-PDLLA), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as a coupling agent, and piperazine (PPZ) as a chain extender. The flexible PEG400 and rigid PPZ may endow high mechanical properties to PEG400-PUU-PZZ. In this study, the effects of chain extension time (1 to 5 h) and temperature (30 to 60 ℃) on the intrinsic viscosity of PEG400-PUU-PZZ were thoroughly investigated, and a new extension process of step heating, i.e. 30 ℃ for 1 h, 40 ℃ for 1 h and 50 ℃ for 2 h, was developed. Compared with constant temperature heating, the step heating resulted in higher M_n and narrower PDI of PEG400-PUU-PZZ. Correspondingly, its elastic modulus and yield strength were obviously enhanced, suggesting that PEG400-PUU-PZZ could be a promising material in bone repairs.