30 May 2018, Volume 49 Issue 5
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2017)
  • Study on the thermoelectric properties of Ag-doped SnSe-based material
    CHU Fei, LU Xiaofang, WANG Lianjun, JIANG Wan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5001-5005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.001
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    SnSe based thermoelectric material is one of the most promising function materials, because of the higher ZT values of 2.6 in the single crystal. However, due to the complicated synthesis method and the application limitation for the single crystal, most researches mainly focus on the study of polycrystalline SnSe. In this paper, AgxSn1-xSe(0.005≤x≤0.02) bulk materials were prepared by melting-quenching-annealing process and spark plasma sintering technique. The results showed that carrier concentration was improved significantly with the high Seebeck coefficient by Ag-doping, which resulted in the enhanced electrical properties. Ag0.01Sn0.99Se showed optimal ZT value and ZT of 0.66 and 0.69 were obtained in the parallel and perpendicular to the pressing direction at 773 K.
  • Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials by a two-step solid-phase carbon coating method
    ZHANG Xiaoping, HU Yong, HONG Wei, LIU Jiequn, ZHONG Shengkui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5006-5010. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.002
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    In this study, the pure monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite was prepared by a two-step solid-phase carbon coating method with VPO4/C as an intermediate and acetylene black and glucose as carbon sources. The nano-sized VPO4/C intermediate was synthesized to induce rapid reaction of Li3V2(PO4)3/C preparation, which would decrease the treatment temperature. The carbon sources as reductant and conductive agent can also reduce the particle size. Moreover, the carbon layer out of the Li3V2(PO4)3 grain is more uniform by two-step solid-phase method, resulting in the enhancement of the Li3V2(PO4)3 electrochemical performance. The Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized at 750 ℃ for 12 h has evenly distributed, fine particles. The initial specific discharge capacities at 0.1,1 and 2 C are 141.5,119.8 and 109.4 mAh/g, respectively, in the potential range of 3.0-4.5 V, and the capacity retention after 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate still remains 97.7%.
  • Preparation and photocatalytic properties of basalt fibers/TiO2 composite materials
    HANG Meiyan, WANG Jingkai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5011-5015. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.003
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    A novel basalt fibers/TiO2 composite material was synthesized by a green hydrothermal method at lower temperature. The phase structure of the samples was examined by X-ray diffraction, and the microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscope. The mechanism of hydrothermal technique was briefly discussed, and the photocatalytic activity of basalt fibers/TiO2 was evaluated by methyl orange (MO) under simulated solar light irradiation. The results show that the surface of basalt fibers was coated by a uniform TiO2 grains at 150 ℃ with reaction of 10 h, which did not change the phase structure. The composite materials are novel core-shell structures materials. The degradation of MO could reach 95.3% within 60 min under photocatalytic degradation.
  • The photoactivity and anticorrosion of CdS coated with graphene
    ZHOU Kai, ZHANG Jianfeng, ZHU Weihuang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5016-5022. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.004
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    GO-CdS film was successfully modified onto FTO/glass through two simple steps of hydrothermal and adsorption-heat method. The morphology and characterization of the composites was investigated by FESEM, TEM, XRD and FT-IR. The photoelectric properties of the materials and the release of Cd(Ⅱ) were examined using an electrochemical workstation and an atomic absorption. The results show that the photoelectric effect of the graphene materials is obviously improved, and the maximum photocurrent density of the CdS composites covering GO and r-GO can reach 1.73 and 1.47 times of that of the pure CdS electrode respectively. The stability of the graphene/CdS electrodes have also been significantly enhanced. After continuous illumination for one hour, photocurrent density of modified electrode is up to 73%, far more than the unmodified electrode 33%, and the morphology of CdS did not change significantly. The graphene sheets play a dual role in the meantime. It acts not only as an excellent conductor to increase the transmission efficiency of photoelectrons, which obviously improve PEC performance of CdS, but also as a protective film to shield CdS from photocorrosion, which greatly enhance stability of CdS and reduce the dissolution of Cd(Ⅱ).
  • Influence of a TiCl4 post-treatment on nanostructure SrTiO3 films and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells
    KOU Huizhi, YANG Shuming, WANG Yang, YAN Juntao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5023-5027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.005
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    The influence of the TiCl4 post-treatment on nanostructured SrTiO3 films as electrodes in dye sensitized solar cells was investigated and compared to non-treated films. Compared with bare electrode, the TiCl4 treated electrode presented more dye adsorption. The trap state distribution was investigated by the measurements of time resolved current. The total trap state densities were calculated to be 2.85×1016 /cm2 and 1.83 × 1016/cm2 in 0.2 mol/L tetrabutylammonium perchloride (TBAP) and 0.5 mol/L LiClO4 acetylacetone solution for non-treated and TiCl4 treated electrodes respectively. Moreover spectroelectrochemical studies showed that the concentration of free electrons in the conduction band of SrTiO3 was remarkably increased after TiCl4 treatement. The dark current curves of the SrTiO3 and TiCl4 treated SrTiO3 electrodes were measured. The results show that the dark current of TiCl4 treated SrTiO3 electrode was lower than that of the pure SrTiO3 electrode throughout the measured potential range. Finally the nanostructured SrTiO3 and TiCl4 treated SrTiO3 electrodes were sensitized with dye N3 and their photovoltage-photocurrent curves were measured. The results showed that the TiCl4 treated solar cell showed the higher short-circuit current density (Jsc), which was in good agreement with the increased dye adsorption, the reduced trap state density and higher free electron density in the conduction band of the TiCl4 treated electrode.
    • Review & Advance
  • A review on current clinical applications of biodegradable/bioresorbable drug-eluting scaffolds
    YUAN Feng, PEI Jia, YUAN Guangyin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5028-5034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.006
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    The invention of drug-eluting scaffolds provides a ground-breaking solution to the problem of high rate of thrombosis and in-stent restenosis after coronary stent implantation. In the last decade, biodegradable/bioresorbable drug-eluting scaffolds, as a new generation of revolutionary drug-eluting scaffolds, have achieved great development due to the widespread concern and continuous efforts of the medical scientist worldwide. Currently, the biodegradable/bioresorbable drug-eluting scaffolds are mainly made of degradable polymers and magnesium alloys. In this article, the development of these two types of biodegradable/bioresorbable drug-eluting scaffolds as well as the results of recent clinical trials is reviewed, and the problems and challenges in clinical applications are summarized. In the end, the trend of the biodegradable/bioresorbable drug-eluting scaffolds is predicted.
  • Research status and prospects of high damping magnesium matrix materials
    WAN Diqing, HU Yinglin, YE Shuting, WANG Houbin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5035-5040. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.007
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    In this paper, two typical damping mechanisms of magnesium alloy and the effect of alloying elements, grain size, deformation process and heat treatment on the damping properties of magnesium alloy are introduced firstly. Then the damping mechanism of the magnesium-based composites is analyzed and it is pointed out that high damping material with high damping and high strength is the trend of future research. However, the current research on magnesium-based composites needs to be further studied, and some problems such as interface reaction between matrix and reinforcements need to be solved. Finally, it is proposed that the new damping mechanism should be introduced by adding new reinforcement, solving the contradiction between damping performance and mechanical properties, which will become the future research direction of magnesium matrix composites processing.
  • Preparation and characterization of copper powder particles
    NIU Yumeng, LAI Yijian, ZHAO Binyuan, ZHOU Na, TAN Qingbiao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5041-5048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.008
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    The preparation methods of micro-nano copper powder in the literatures local and overseas are classified and the advantages and disadvantages of different preparation methods are compared in detail. The technical direction of industrialization is pointed out. The main preparation techniques and application characteristics of spherical, dendritic and flaky copper powders are analyzed. The application status and existing problems of copper powder in lubrication, catalysis, conductive materials and engineering structural materials are summarized. Aiming at the bottleneck problem of restricting the application of copper powder like reunion and oxidation, it is hoped that the relevant summary will help the selection and research of materials in related fields.
  • Research status and application progress of non-evaporable film getter
    SHAN Rui, QI Tongtong, LI Bingzhe, GUO Jie, YUAN Jun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5049-5055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.009
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    The non-evaporable getter film is an important material for obtaining and maintaining vacuum conditions for ultra-high or extremely ultra-high vacuum systems. In recent years, getter is widely used in MEMS vacuum packaging field. In this paper, the material system, research status and engineering application of non-evaporative getter were reviewed. The research status, the main problems and development trend of the getter film at home and abroad were introduced. The working principle of the getter in the MEMS vacuum packaging system, the challenge of the traditional getter in the field of encapsulation, and the problems and development trends of the film getter in the packaging system were discussed.
  • Progress on the composite nanofiber materials used for air filtration
    ZHOU Chuan, YANG Xiaobing, YAN Xiaoshan, ZHANG Shouxin, YANG Bo, YANG Guang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5056-5060. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.010
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    Filtration mechanisms of a fibrous filter are introduced. Progress on the electrostatic spinning composite nanofibers used in the filtration of aerosol nanoparticles, volatile organic compounds and chemical warfare agents was discussed in detail, and an outlook on the future direction of electrostatic spinning composite nanofibers was made at the same time.
  • Research progress of bilayer-structured photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells
    WANG Min, BAI Jingyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5061-5069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.011
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    Dye-sensitized solar cells have attracted more and more attention from researchers all over the world, owing to their simple preparation technology, well practical application prospect, relatively low production cost and high conversion efficiency. First, the structure and working principles of dye-sensitized solar cells are described. Then the research status of its individual component is summarized, including electrolyte, dye-sensitizer, counter electrode and photoanode. The main development histories of TiO2/CeO2 composite photoanode are expounded emphatically. The characteristic properties of the materials for double-layered photoanode which influence the performance of the solar cells was thoroughly investigated, such as the light-scattering effect, up-conversion luminescent effect, specific surface area, spectral response capability, and charge transfer efficiency. Finally, the future developing trends of dye-sensitized solar cells is put forward.
    • Research & Development
  • Synthesis and acidichromic properties of copolymers of dialkylflourene and thiadiazole quinoxaline
    MAMTIMIN Mahmut, ZHANG Ke, PATIGUL Hasan, TUNSAGUL Awut
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5070-5075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.012
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    In this paper, 2,5-dibromo-o-pheneylenedimanine was obtained by the reduction of 4,7-dibromo-5,6-dinitro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole, and reacted with 5,6-dione-1,10-phenanthroline, phenanthrenequinone, acenaphthenequinone and benzyl to give four thiadiazole quinoxaline type monomers. Four donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type polymers were papered by Suzuki coupling, which is the palladium diacetate (Pd(CH3COO)2) and ligand tricyclohexylphosphine-catalysed alternative copolymerization of four thiadiazole quinoxaline type monomers and M5, respectively. All monomers and polymers were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra. The optical properties of polymers solution in CHCl3, at neutral state and adding with different concentration of TFA were investigated by UV-Vis-Nir and fluorescence spectrometer. The experimental results showed that four kind of D-A-D type polymers have good sensitivity to low concentration of TFA, wherein polymer P2-P4 was sensitive to 10-2 mol/L of TFA and the color of the CHCl3 solution of P2-P4 changed significantly. There appears new wide absorption bands on the spectra of P2-P4 solution in CHCl3 at 600-1 000 nm followed by color changes. P2-P4 solution in CHCl3 have certain fluorescence properties, and the fluorescence intensity decreased when certain concentration of TFA was added to the polymer solution, wherein polymers P2-P4 has sensitivity to 10-5 mol/L of TFA.
  • Highly ordered Au/Cu alloy micro-arrays surface for enhanced Raman scattering
    WEN Xin, WANG Zhezhe, LIN Lin, FENG Zhuohong, ZHUANG Luoqing, ZHENG Zhiqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5076-5080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.013
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    Raman spectroscopy is widely used in single-molecule detection, chemical analysis and biosensor. Highly ordered Au/Cu alloy micro-arrays surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate has been prepared by using photolithography and electrochemical reaction self-assembly on Si pillar substrate. The SERS properties of substrate with arrays and no-arrays, Au/Cu alloy and pure Au are investigated by a Raman spectrometer. In addition, the morphology of Au/Cu alloy arrays on the substrate is controlled by adjusting the concentration mole ratio of HAuCl4 and CuCl2 electrolyte solution, applied voltage and reaction time, and dendrite SERS substrate was prepared successfully. The concentration of R6G as low as 10-14 mol can be detected by our SERS substrates.
  • Thermophysical properties of (Sm1-xLax)2Ce2O7 (0＜x＜1) solid solutions
    ZHAO Rangqian, LI Guofang, TANG An, ZHANG Hongsong, CHEN Xiaoge
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5081-5085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.014
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    The (Sm1-xLax)2Ce2O7 (0＜x＜1) solid solutions were prepared by solid state reaction method using La2O3, Sm2O3 and CeO2 as reactants. Their phase structure, microstructure, element composition and thermophyscial properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that pure (Sm1-xLax)2Ce2O7 (0＜x＜1) solid solutions with single fluorite-type crystal lattice were synthesized successfully. SEM results indicate that the microstructure is very dense and the interfaces between grains are very clean. The relative density is greater than 92% and element atomic ratio is close their chemical-type. The thermal conductivity decreases with the increasing La2O3-content, which is also lower than that of YSZ. The thermal expansion coefficient at 1 000 ℃ is in the range of 11.83×10-6 to 12.86×10-6/K, which is greater than that of YSZ. The excellent thermophyscial properties means that the synthesized ceramics can be explored candidate for thermal barrier coatings.
  • The crystal structure and physical properties of the double perovskite oxide Sr1.90Eu0.10FeMoO6
    HU Yanchun, WEI Yuting, WANG Xianwei, LI Weixia, GUO Tengyu, ZHAO Xiangyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5086-5090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.015
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    The double perovskite type oxides Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) and Sr1.90Eu0.10FeMoO6 (SEFMO) have been prepared by standard solid phase reaction method at high temperature. The X-ray powder diffraction results show that the two samples were single phase with tetragonal system and have the I4/m space group .The order of SFMO and SEFMO was 91.8(6)% and 86.1(7)%, respectively. The Curie temperature (TC) was 364 and 362 K, respectively. The ratio of Fe3+/Fe2+ and Mo5+/Mo6+ in SFMO was 1.806589 and 4.073547 respectively, while that of SEFMO was 1.646088 and 2.634589.
  • Fenton-like oxidation of diesel in aqueous solution using calcium alginate-coated green synthesized iron nanoparticles
    LI Na, HUANG Chao, LIN Jiajiang, JIN Xiaoying, CHEN Zuliang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5091-5095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.016
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    The coated iron nanoparticles (CA-ELE-Fe NPs) were synthesized using eucalyptus leaves extract and calcium alginate (CA). The results showed that 74.7% of diesel was removed using CA-ELE-Fe and H2O2, while only 13.19% and 10.15% of diesel oil were removed by CA-ELE-Fe and H2O2 after 240 min, respectively, which demonstrated that CA-ELE-Fe NPs exhibit a good adsorption ability and act as excellent Fenton-like catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful synthesis of iron nanoparticles and indicated the changes in CA-ELE-Fe NPs before and after reaction with oil. Various materials were applied to treat practical oil wastewater, which showed that 80.24%, 82.47% and 44.36% of diesel was removed by CA-ELE-Fe NPs, green synthetic nano particles (ELE-Fe NPs) and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), respectively. Meanwhile, diesel removal efficiency reached 67.46% by used CA-ELE-Fe NPs, because the coating of calcium alginate reduced the iron nanoparticles releasing to liquid.
  • Distribution of aluminum ions coordination in Portland cement pastes with fly ash at steam-cured and autoclaved condition
    ZHAO Ziyuan, HU Chenguang, BAI Ruiying, LIU Gang, AN Yukun, FENG Xiaoxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5096-5102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.017
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    The distribution of aluminum ions coordination in Portland cement pastes with fly ash at steam-cured and autoclaved condition was investigated by XRD and 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results indicate that raising the steam-cured temperature can enhance the pozzolanic effect of fly ash, increase the degree of tetrahedral coordination Al3+ (Al[4]) entering into the C-S-H structure, and promote the formation of gismondine. Meanwhile, it also can accelerate the transformation from hexa-coordination Al3+ (Al[6]) in AFt to AFm, and increase the amount of Al[6] in TAH(Third aluminate hydrate), katoite silication and katoite. But the penta-coordination Al3+ (Al[5]) in mullite will be not influenced. The pozzolanic effect of fly ash at autoclaved condition is significantly higher than that at steam-cured condition, and raising the autoclaved temperature and prolonging the cured age can significantly increase the formation amount of Al-tobermorite and gismondine. In addition, they can not only increase the degree of AFt and AFm transforming to TAH, but also improve the formation of calcium aluminum oxide hydroxide hydrate, Ca2Al2O5·6H2O and TAH through the reaction of fly ash, and increase the transformation of Al[5] in mullite to Al[6], resulting in that TAH will be the major aluminum-containing phase for the distribution of the Al[6].
  • Numerical simulation of hydrogen permeability in GO/BIIR nanocomposites
    HE Qin, LI Yingjun, ZHOU Yuanlin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5103-5108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.018
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    The models of GO/BIIR nanocomposites were constructed by Amorphous Cell module of the Materials Studio software, which contained GO about 2.1%, 4.0%, 5.9% and 7.7wt%, respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method were used to study the solubility and diffusion coefficients of hydrogen(H2) in GO/BIIR nanocomposites. Combined the free volume theory, the differences for the permeability coefficient of H2 in GO/BIIR nanocomposites are discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the diffusion of H2 is described intuitively by extracting the motion trajectory of the H2 molecule. The results are shown that H2 permeability coefficient of the nanocomposite with GO loading of 2.4wt% decreased about 64.6% of that in pure BIIR nanocomposites. However, when the content of GO reached to 7.7wt%, the diffusion coefficients of H2 decreased approximate 33.5%. It provides a theoretical basis for preparing gas barrier polymer composite materials in this work. It contributes to explain the differences in transmission of H2 molecular in GO/BIIR nanocomposites with different content of GO from a microscopic point of view.
  • Synthesis and luminescent characterization of KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+ red phosphor
    SONG Mingjun, ZHAO Wang, WANG Lintong, ZHANG Nana, WANG Xia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5109-5114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.019
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    KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized using high temperature solid state method, and their structure, morphology and luminescent properties were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscope (SEM), luminescent spectra and luminescent decay curves. The results of XRD showed that the XRD patterns of KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+were consistent with those of pure KBaY(MoO4)3 and the Y3+ ions could be completely substituted by Eu3+ ions without damaging the structure of KBaY(MoO4)3. The excitation spectra showed that KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+ exhibited an intensive excitation band at 394 nm, which meant the KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+ could be effectively excited by NUV LED. According to the luminescent spectra, in the KBaY(MoO4)3 matrix, the optimum concentration of Eu3+ ions was up to 90%, indicating that the concentration quenching effect was weak for the KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+. The emission intensity decreased with the increasing of temperature. As the temperature reached to 200 ℃, the emission intensity of the sample was about 63% of that at 30 ℃, and the activation energy of KBaY(MoO4)3:Eu3+ was calculated to be 0.261eV through fitting the curves of ln(I0/IT-1)-1/kT.
  • Preparation and microwave absorption properties of expanded graphite/polyaniline composites
    DUAN Wenjing, ZHANG Long, WANG Xiaorui, WAN Xiaona, LI Hui, DU Xueyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5115-5119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.020
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    Expanded graphite/polyaniline (EG/PANI) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization, using EG as matrix, ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as dopant. The morphology, composition, and electromagnetic parameters of EG/PANI composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the four-point probe and vector network analyzer (VNA). The influence of the addition of aniline on the microwave absorbing properties of EG/PANI composite was studied. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the composite decreased gradually with the increase of the amount of aniline. When the mass ratio of aniline/ EG was 5:1,the reflection loss peak of the sample moved toward the low frequency direction with the increase of the matching thickness. The minimum reflection loss of EG/PANI composites reached -48.5 dB at 5.5 GHz with the matching thickness of 3.5 mm, indicating that the EG/PANI composite could be a potential microwave absorbing material.
  • Preparation and characterization of a Al2O3-ZrO2 composite membrane by sol-gel method
    WANG Jiayue, MA Mingjing, TONG Zhi, DONG Xujuan, GAO Tingting, ZHANG Shuai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5120-5125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.021
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    Using aluminium isopropoxide and zirconium nitrate as precursor, Al2O3-ZrO2 composite membranes were prepared by sol-gel method. The characterized analysis such as thermogravimetric (TG-DTG), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption method, laser particle size distribution(DLS) and scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to analyze thermal stability, crystal phases, surface morphology, specific surface area and pore structures of Al2O3-ZrO2 composite membranes. The results demonstrate that when the ratio of Al2O3 to ZrO2 was 1:1, the compound sol was clear and transparent, with a moderate viscosity of 2.6413 mPa·s and almost no cracking after drying. The surface of Al2O3-ZrO2 composite membranes prepared by calcining dried gel at a speed of 0.5 ℃/min from room temperature to 1 000 ℃ for 2 h, heating up slowly at a speed of 0.25 ℃/min and insulating a few minutes at 69, 165 and 365 ℃ was smooth, and its thermal performance was stable.The particle distribution and size were uniform, the structure was compact, the pore size distribution was narrow, and the median value of BJH was 12.403257 nm.
  • Preparation and properties of gelatin-chitosan/nano-SiO2 composite for in-situ drug loading
    HOU Xueyan, ZHAO Wenbo, YANG Fan, ZHANG Yuqi, WANG Jijiang, LI Qiuning
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5126-5129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.022
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    The gelatin-chitosan/nano-SiO2 composite films were prepared by gelatin, chitosan and nano-SiO2. The swelling and mechanical strength of the composite films were tested. Then the gelatin-chitosan/nano-SiO2 composite films were used in the in-situ loading of aspirin to study the effect of nano-SiO2 dosage and aspirin dosage on the sustained-release properties of the composite membrane. The results showed that the introduction of nano-SiO2 can reduce the swelling of the composite films in water and improve the mechanical strength of the composite films. With the increase of the amount of nano-SiO2, the sustained-release properties of the composite membrane in situ loading of aspirin was increased. When the dosage of aspirin was 0.5%, gelatin-chitosan/nano-SiO2 composite films in-situ drug loaded had good sustained-release performance.
  • The study on preparation and antibacterial properties of silicone rubber with β-cyclodextrin/silver nanocomposites
    LIU Fang, TANG Binyuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5130-5136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.023
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    In this paper, the synthesis of β-CD/Ag nanocomposites using chemical reduction method in the presence of glucose as a reducing agent and β-CD as a stabilizer was described. Antibacterial silicone rubber was obtained by adding β-CD/Ag nanocomposites to medical liquid silicone rubber with physical blending. The surface morphology and related structures of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) were detected by UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM and XRD. The antibacterial activity of β-CD/Ag nanocomposites and antibacterial silicone rubber were tested by mini double broth dilution and sticking membrane method. The results confirmed that the UV absorption peak of AgNPs was 416 nm, when the concentration of β-CD was 20 mmol/L, which was the typical absorption peak of AgNPs. The particle size was 30 nm, and β-CD was effectively coated on the surface of AgNPs. Without the addition of β-CD, Ag particles had no obvious absorption peak and their particle size was larger. The MIC of 20 mmol/L β-CD/AgNPs to Escherichia coli was 16 μg/mL, and the antibacterial rate was 99% when added to the silicone rubber (0.15%), showing a strong antibacterial effect.
  • Preparation of hyper coal-porous carbon electrode material with HNO3 modification
    HOU Caixia, KONG Bihua, FAN Lihua, GUO Binglin, XU Lijun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5137-5144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.024
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    Hyper coal (HPC) was used to prepare porous carbon(PC) by KOH activation method. Then the PC was modified by different concentrations of HNO3. N2 adsorption instrument, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) were used to characterize the pore structure. Galvanostatic charge/discharge(GC), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analyses were used to test the electrochemical properties of PC. The results show that BET surface area of porous carbon decrease and wettability improved with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The contents of N-5, C—O and O—CO increase significantly when the PC was modified by 1% HNO3. Specific capacitance of PC is 273 F/g at a current density of 50 mA/g with the concentrations of 1%, which is 22.4% higher than that of the unmodified PC. It still maintains 80.4% at a current density of 5 000 mA/g. Even after 1 000 cycles, it is clear that the specific capacitance still remains at about 95.4%, demonstrating good electrochemical performance.
  • The effects of different In components on the physical properties of InxGa1-xAs
    LIU Xuefei, LUO Zijiang, ZHOU Xun, WANG Jihong, WEI Jiemin, WANG Yi, GUO Xiang, LANG Qizhi, LIU Wansong, DING Zhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5145-5150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.025
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    The lattice constant, atomic relaxation and partial density of state of InxGa1-xAs are calculated when composition x changes from 0 to 1. The results show that the changing regularity of lattice constant under increased indium composition matches with Vegard theorem. When the system has been relaxed, the decrease degree of Ga—As bond will be larger with increased indium composition, and the decrease degree of In—As bond will not be changed. In addition, the calculation also found that the decrease degree of In—As—In bond angle will be very weak when the indium composition is more than 0.625. The Ga—As—Ga and Ga—As—In bond angles will be larger in different degrees, and the variation of Ga—As—In bond angle is the most serious when indium component is 0.5. The calculation results of partial density of state of system indicate that the physical properties of GaAs materials are seriously affected by the doped indium.
  • Preparation and dielectric properties of cysteine modified nano Ag/PVDF composite
    HU Li, YAO Junlong, YOU Feng, JIANG Xueliang, LI Zhenqiang, YAN Liming, QI Yaobin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5151-5155. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.026
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    A series of modified nano-Ag/PVDF composites were prepared by modifying the surface of nano-Ag with cysteine as modifiers. The dielectric properties of the composites were studied. The results show that the loading of modified nano-silver in PVDF matrix can be rapidly increased, and the volume fraction can reach more than 25% without conducting phenomenon. The modified Ag/PVDF composite has a high dielectric constant above 115 and a low dielectric loss below 0.09 when the content of modified Ag in the composite reaches 20vol%.The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the better dielectric properties of the modified-Ag/PVDF composites are due to the good dispersivity of the modified nano-Ag in the polymer matrix. The cysteine connected in the surface of Ag ameliorates the interface compatibility of Ag and PVDF, improving the dispersion uniformity of nano-Ag in the PVDF matrix, and reducing the probability of the agglomeration of nano-Ag and the formation of conductive paths in the polymer matrix.The processing conditions of metal/polymer dielectric materials have been effectively improved, which improves the dielectric properties of polymers.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of single-pass AAO template and optimization of experimental parameters
    HE Miaomiao, TU Ying, LI Yubao, ZHANG Li
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5156-5162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.027
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    Single-pass anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates were fabricated by a two-step anodization method on high-purity aluminum (Al) plate, which had an amorphous and highly ordered structure composed of hexagon cross-sectional nanotubes. The factors influencing the nanotube size and orderliness of the AAO template were studied and analyzed. The results showed that pretreatments on Al plates made good difference for the obtained nanotubes. It is interesting that compared to one-step anodization, using two-step anodization could get AAO templates with a better ordered and more uniform nanotube array, for which the average pore diameter kept a linear relation to the acidic treatment time in 75 min with a corrosion rate of 0.601 nm/min, and the same to the length of nanotubes reaped in 120 min, together with a nanotube growth rate of 0.28 μm/min. Also, the optimal concentration of electrolyte was determined as 0.3 mol/L. The results confirmed that a single-pass AAO template were successfully prepared, which makes the fabrication of polymer membrane with asymmetric and fibre-island structure to guide bone tissue regeneration possible in the following study.
  • Preparation of sulfur doping carbon nitride microsphere and its photocatalytic reduction properties
    CUI Yanjuan, LI Ming, ZHAO Yimeng, YANG Chuanfeng, WANG Hao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5163-5168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.028
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    Sulfur doped carbon nitride materials (CNS) were prepared from solvothermal method at low temperature, using thiocyanuric acid as one of the precursors. XRD, FTIR, SEM and XPS technologies were carried out to characterize the catalysts. The photocatalytic reduction properties of CNS were tested by Cr(Ⅵ) reduction and H2 production from water splitting. Results showed that sulfur substituted crystal nitrogen in the carbon nitride molecular and formed C—S bonds. With the increasing time of polymerization, the content of sulfur in the products increased. The catalysts showed remarkable visible light absorbance, and the optical absorption band edges red shifted up to about 700 nm with the increasing time of polymerization. Compared to the carbon nitride synthesized from direct calcination, CNS possessed much enhanced photocatalytic reduction activity of Cr(Ⅵ) under visible light irradiation. In addition, CNS catalysts had obvious H2 production properties from water splitting. Mechanism analysis showed that photo-generated electrons and ·O2- were major active species during photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) over CNS catalysts.
  • PEN/Ti composite diaphragm prepared by DC magnetron sputtering
    DING Yutian, CHEN Jianjun, GAO Yubi, XU Jiayu, MENG Bin, MA Yuanjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5169-5173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.029
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    The Ti thin film has been prepared on the flexible poly (ethylene glycol) 2,6-naphthalate(PEN) thin film substrate by DC magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering pressure and sputtering power on the microstructure and hardness of the films were investigated, and the optimum sputtering parameter was determined. Study shows that Ti film deposited on PEN flexible substrate by DC magnetron sputtering is a kind of nanometer film and polycrystalline film. When the sputtering pressure is 8.5×10-1 Pa and the sputtering power is 140 W, the grains size coating of Ti were small and evenly distributed on the substrate, and the hardness of coatings is high. The coating can be obtained with high adhesion strength, good appearance under this parameter. Thus, this parameter is the optimum sputtering parameter, from which the deposition rate achieved was 2.11 nm/s.
  • Preparation and viscoelasticity of 1-3 type-like polyurethane composites filled with TiO2 particles
    NIU Chenguang, FENG Yang, ZHAO Hong, WANG Mingxian, ZHANG Yusheng, DONG Xufeng, QI Min
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5174-5179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.030
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    TiO2 particles were synthesized with precipitation method. The SEM results showed that the particles are rounded spheres with average diameter of 660 nm. The polyurethane composites were prepared by dispersing the TiO2 particles in the matrix, and the structure were observed by SEM. The results indicate that 0-3 type composites with particles dispersing in the matrix were prepared without applied electric field, and the 1-3 type-like composites with particles arranging oriented were prepared upon applied electric field. The dynamic viscoelasticity and creep properties of the two kinds of polyurethane composites were tested and compared. The results indicate that the 1-3 type-like polyurethane composites containing TiO2 particles have higher storage modulus and much stronger creep resistance than 0-3 type composites.
  • Investigation of oxidase-like activity of two-dimensional MoS2/WS2 nanomaterials and their antibacterial application
    SONG Xin, FANG Ge, TIAN Xin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5180-5184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.031
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    Graphene-like two-dimensional layered nanomaterials have recently drawn great attention in the field of biomedicine. However, the biological properties and applications of these 2D nanomaterials have not been fully understood. In this paper, the small-sized 2D layered nanomaterials including MoS2 and WS2 were prepared by using the combination of sonication and solvothermal treatment of bulk MoS2 and WS2 powder. The experiments of ascorbic acid catalytic oxidation demonstrate that the fabricated nanomaterials possess oxidase-like activity and MoS2 exhibits stronger activity than WS2. Further experiment shows the MoS2 and WS2 nanomaterials can cause the oxidation of glutathione, thereby exhibiting antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. And the MoS2 shows more efficient antimicrobial activity than WS2, which is in accordance with the activity of oxidases. In this work, theoretical guidance for the research and application of the 2D layered nanomaterials as potential enzyme mimics were provided.
  • Co-electrodeposition of CZT precursor for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film absorber layer
    LIU Yan, XIAO Gang, ZHANG Yaoyu, WANG He, XIN Song, LIN Yixin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5185-5192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.032
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    In this study, co-electrodeposition was used to fabricate CuZnSn precursor, and followed by preheating and sulfurization to synthesize Cu2ZnSnS4 absorber layer. The co-deposition potential E=-1.25 V was determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The effects of pH and electrolyte concentration on the composition and phases of the metal precursor were investigated. By optimization of the parameters, a CZT film with composition close to n(Cu)/n(Zn+Sn)≈0.8, n(Zn)/n(Sn)≈1.2 was deposited from an aqueous solution containing 8 mmol/L SnSO4, 22 mmol/L CuSO4·5H2O, 22 mmol/L ZnSO4·7H2O, and 200 mmol/L Na3C6H5O7·2H2O with pH=5.7. After preheating at 300 ℃, the metal precursor transformed into a solid solution of Cu5Zn8 and Cu6Sn5 alloys, which established the foundation for a pure CZTS formation. During sulfurization, annealing time and temperature had a significant impact on the structure and morphology of the film. With the increase in annealing time, the intensity of the characteristic peak of CZTS increased, the intensity of impurity phase peaks (Cu2-xS, SnS and Cu2SnS3) decreased, and CZTS was purified gradually. When the sulfurization time was up to 60 min, the film had a good structure and morphology, but the film was easy to decompose with longer annealing. Too low sulfurization temperature would lead to binary and ternary phases in the film, while too high temperature would result in the loss of Sn and Zn. When sulfurization temperature was 580 ℃, the CZTS film had obvious grain profile and distinct grain boundaries, and was dense and uniform (around 2 μm thickness) with less voids and good adhesion to the Mo layer.
  • The preparation of folic acid functionalized graphene
    HE Yaping, HUO Yanyan, YANG Xiaohui, HAN Quan, LI Jiangtao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5193-5195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.033
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    One-pot method and gas-liquid interface method were employed to prepare folic acid functionalized graphene composite nanomaterials respectively with nano ferroferric oxide as the crosslinking agent between folic acid and graphene. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope were used to analyze its structure, properties and electrochemical properties. The results indicated that the product with the reducing agent glycol concentration of 1 mg/mL has good magnetic separation performance; And, the product prepared by gas-liquid interface method exhibit better crystal structure and excellent electrochemical response.
  • Visualization research of the fluorescent labeled filler network structure in silicone rubber
    LIU Min, LU Ai, KANG Ming, CHEN Kexu, SHEN Simin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5196-5201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.034
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    The filler network structure of the silica-reinforced silicone rubber was simulated by using the rare earth europium complex sensitized fluorescence enhancement technique. The filler network structure, curing performance and dynamic mechanical properties of the silica-reinforced silicone rubber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, rubber processing analyzer and solid rheological analyzer. The filler network connection rates of 30-60 parts of silica-filled silicone rubber were 31%, 41%, 58% and 70%, respectively, visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The minimum torque (ML), characterization of filler-filler interaction, during the vulcanization process, the Payne effect and the shear storage modulus difference ΔG′(G′0-G′∞) in the strain sweep process were gradually increased. The results show that the filler network structure is gradually formed inside the silicone rubber with the increase of fillers, which is consistent with the obtained filler network connection rate, indicating that the combination of fluorescent labeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy can realize the visualization of the filler network structure in the silicone rubber.
  • Emulsifying effect of emulsifiers on epoxy resin E51
    LIU Jianyou, CHEN Guiming, REN Xianghong, ZHOU Feng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5202-5207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.035
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    To prepare O/W type epoxy resin E51 emulsion, anionic and nonionic emulsifiers were selected. In this experiment, SDBS, SDS, OP-10, Tween 80 and PSMS were used as emulsifiers, whose amount was 0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10% of epoxy resin E51, respectively. The emulsifying mechanism of emulsifier was analyzed, and the emulsifying effect of emulsifiers with different kinds and different concentration was compared. The results show that when the solution temperature is 60 ℃, the volume is 100 mL, speed of homogenizer is 16×103 r/min, and mechanical stirring speed is 500 r/min, under 15 minutes of homogenization and mechanical agitation, SDBS and SDS can not get a stable emulsion, while Tween 80 and PSMS in that conditions as an emulsifier are more appropriate. The particle size distribution obeys the normal distribution, and the average particle size is less than 25 μm.
  • First principles study of phase stability, electronic and elastic properties of Au1-xPtxSn2 (x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.875, 1) system
    HU Jieqiong, XIE Ming, CHEN Yongtai, CHEN Song, LI Aikun, WANG Saibei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5208-5215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.036
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    Phase structures, formation energies, electronic structures and elastic properties of Au1-xPtxSn2 (x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.875, 1) system are investigated by means of first-principles calculations from CASTEP program based on the density functional theory within the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) for the disordered alloys and the supercell method (SC) for the ordered alloys. Firstly, the stability of phase structure is estimated by formation energy, and then the band structure, total and part density of states, bond characters and elastic properties of these alloys are analyzed. The analyzed results show that SC phase structures are more stable than VCA method structures and all the formation energy of SC structures are negative. And the formation energy of Au1-xPtxSn2 is decreasing with the increasing of Pt content, which indicates that Au1-xPtxSn2 system is more likely to form the C1 structure. It is also found that Au0.125Pt0.875Sn2 has the more stable structure and due to two different d-p hybridization, Au0.5Pt0.5Sn2 has the strongest bonding strength. The calculated elastic properties of Au1-xPtxSn2 (x=0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.875, 1) system show that Au0.75Pt0.25Sn2 and Au0.5Pt0.5Sn2 are brittle, while AuSn2, Au0.875Pt0.125Sn2, Au0.25Pt0.75Sn2, Au0.125Pt0.875Sn2 and PtSn2 are ductile. Among them, Au0.5Pt0.5Sn2 has the relatively stronger atomic binding forces, which makes the strength of Au0.5Pt0.5Sn2 is quite high.
  • Wide design and preparation of carbon fiber membrane multilayer composite structure absorber
    CHEN Weipeng, DONG Yifeng, HAO Wanjun, HE Nan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2018, 49(5): 5216-5220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2018.05.037
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    Basing on the absorption of electromagnetic transmission line theory, a structure integrated multiple absorbing coating was designed and fabricated with the composite of carbon fiber and epoxy. Studies have shown that by adjusting the equivalent square resistance of carbon fiber membrane, a wide design absorbing structure can be achieved. With the three-layer film structure complex, the absorption capacity in 4.8-18 GHz frequency band is less than -8 dB, while those in 5-7.8 GHz and 13-18 GHz frequency bands are less than -10 dB, achieving ultra wideband absorption.
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