30 July 2019, Volume 50 Issue 7

    

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Focuses & Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin 2018)
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  Influence of graphene filling on thermal conductivity and thermal stability of different polymers

  YANG Qirong, GONG Xuefei, ZHANG Zhenglin, YAO Erren, WANG Liwei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7001-7007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.001

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  In order to study the influence of graphene filling on thermal conductivity and thermal stability of different polymers under the same preparation method, three kinds of polymer composites of GE/PA6, GE/PP and GE/HDPE were prepared by melt blending. The results show that, it was effective for graphene to enhance the thermal conductivity of three kinds of polymers. When the mass fraction of filled graphene reached 10%, the thermal conductivity of GE/PA6 increased from 0.32 to 1.3 W/(m·K), that of GE/PP increased from 0.37 to 1.15 W/(m·K), and that of GE/HDPE increased from 0.62 to 1.13 W/(m·K). The prepared graphene polymer composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. By comparing pure polymer and graphene polymer composites with graphene mass fraction of 1%, 5% and 10%, the thermal stability of PA6 was gradually improved, and the thermal stability of PP and HDPE first decreased and then increased.
Focuses & Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin 2019)
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  Barium titanate nanopowders with tetragonal phase prepared by microwave solid-state method

  ZHANG Qiuchen, ZHU Guisheng, XU Huarui, ZHAO Yunyun, FAN Hailong, QIAN Haoyu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7008-7011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.002

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  BaTiO₃ powders were synthesized by microwave micro-zone heating technology with BaCO₃ and TiO₂ as raw materials, and SiC as good microwave conductors. The raw materials were grinded by ball milling, refined by sand milling and uniformly mixed with SiC microspheres. The synthesis temperature and qualitative analysis were determined by XRD, Raman and FT-IR, morphology was characterized by SEM, particle size was analyzed by PSD, and specific surface area was calculated by BET. The results show that tetragonal BaTiO₃ powders with a particle size of 400 nm and uniform particle size distribution were prepared with microwave solid-state method by introducing microwave good conductor SiC into microwave micro-zone heating. Compared with traditional solid-state method, the particle size was smaller and the dispersivity was better. It provided a new idea for the microwave solid phase synthesis of barium titanate powder.
Focuses & Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin 2020)
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  Effect of electric field on dynamic viscoelasticity of dielectric composites with TiO₂ and silicone rubber

  GAO Chengzhi, DONG Xufeng, QI Min

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7012-7016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.003

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  In this paper, the effect of electric field on the dynamic viscoelasticity of TiO₂/silicone rubber dielectric elastomers was discussed. Amorphous TiO₂ particles were prepared by a hydrolysis method and composite dielectric elastomer was prepared by using TiO₂ particles as a dispersed phase and silicone rubber as a matrix. In actuation strain test this dielectric elastomer performed 46.9% elongation strain under 20 kV/mm electric field. Furthermore, rheological property test results demonstrated that storage modulus increased 18.1% with the electric field rising from 0 to 5 kV/mm, indicating that the dynamic viscoelasticity change under electric field of TiO₂/silicone rubber dielectric elastomer was non-negligible in establishing mechanic-electrical model and device design.
Focuses & Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin 2021)
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  Moisture-containing heat transfer process analytical model of porous thermal insulation material

  WANG Zhiguo, ZHANG Jia, QIN Rui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7017-7023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.004

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  Based on the representative macroscopic volume (RMV), considering the moisture content in the pores, the black box, grey box and white box models of heat transfer in porous media were established. According to the "three-box" model and the analysis of coupled heat and moisture transfer process, the formula of thermal conductivity was derived. Taking rock wool as an example, the effects of porosity, moisture content, pore channel distribution coefficient and tortuosity on thermal conductivity were discussed by numerical calculation of the model. The results show that porosity and pore channel distribution coefficient were negatively correlated with thermal conductivity, while moisture content and tortuosity were positively correlated with thermal conductivity. The conclusion could provide some ideas and methods for improving the heat-insulating property of materials.
Focuses & Concerns(TheProjectofChongqingPressFundin 2022)
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  Photosensitive resin with low volume shrinkage and high curing speed for DLP-3D printing in ultraviolet band

  CAO Yang, ZHANG Chen, CHEN Xiao, WANG Yiquan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7024-7028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.005

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  In the 3D printing process based on digital light processing (DLP) technology, the curing performance of the ultraviolet-band photosensitive resin directly affects the printing accuracy, speed and shape of the printed object. In this paper, modified bisphenol A epoxy acrylate and aliphatic urethane acrylate were selected as oligomers, and TPGDA and TMPEO3TA were used as the diluents to prepare hybrid photosensitive resin by free radical-cation hybridization. The curing test was carried out in a DLP-3D printing system with a wavelength of 405 nm. The results show that the volume shrinkage of the prepared photosensitive resin was controlled within 2.3%, the viscosity at room temperature was lower to 244 MPa·s, and the curing speed was shortened to 0.063 mm/s. The performance of this photosensitive resin was better than other commercialized resins. By further adding 1% nano ZnO particles into the system, the mechanical properties were improved and the volume shrinkage was reduced to 2.1%. This photosensitive resin was expected to be applied in the DLP-3D printing of optoelectronic devices with high precision requirements.
Review & Advance
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  Analysis of strengthening and toughening mechanism for polypropylene with core-shell dispersed phase

  QIAN Zhongjian, WANG Xia, QIU Biwei, ZHONG Jinchi, LI Xiaoyan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7029-7034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.006

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  In this study, PP was firstly toughened by POE, and the optimum ratio of PP/POE binary blends with balanced strength and toughness was determined. Then a series of PP/POE/HDPE blends with the optimum ratio of 85% PP content were prepared and core-shell dispersed particles were observed through SEM. The toughening mechanism of core-shell dispersed particles with PE core was analyzed by studying the relationship of morphology and mechanical properties, yield strength, Izod impact strength and drop impact energy. Besides, the toughening mechanism of PP binary blend and ternary blend were explained and compared by the developed Wu’s theory. The results show that the toughness of PP binary blend could be greatly improved but with the sacrifice of strength while the core-shell structure particle in the ternary blend helped to make a balance of the strength and toughness. The toughness of ternary blend under the optimal condition raised 2.5 times comparing to the raw PP.
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  Research progress in preparation of cellulose sulfate

  JIANG Ge, YANG Ming, TANG Chuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7035-7039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.007

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  Cellulose sulfate is a cellulose derivative with unique biological properties. Due to its antibacterial, antiviral and anticoagulant effects, it has good biodegradability and biocompatibility, and is non-toxic and environmentally friendly.Therefore, it has broad application prospects in the fields of food, medicine and chemical industry.However, cellulose sulfate has not been used commercially yet, and its preparation method is still in the research and development stage.At present, the preparation methods of cellulose sulfate are mainly divided into three categories. They are homogeneous preparation method, heterogeneous preparation method and quasi-homogeneous preparation method. In this paper, the preparation methods of cellulose sulfate were summarized, and the characteristics of each preparation method were analyzed. It provided a theoretical basis for the preparation of cellulose sulfates with controlled properties such as degree of substitution and molecular weight.
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  Polyether-based polyurethane solid electrolyte flexible encapsulation material based on electrostatic bonding

  ZHAO Haocheng, ZHANG Weixuan, WU Yuling, YIN Xu, DU Chao, ZHAO Weigang, ZHAO Li, LIU Cuirong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7040-7045. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.008

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  With the rapid development of small functional mobile electronic devices, the importance of preparing a flexible, long-life, high-stability device to replace traditional rigid electronic devices has become more prominent. Electrostatic bonding is an advanced material joining technology and exhibits enormous potential in the packaging of flexible devices, which has advantages of high connection strength, good sealing, low bonding temperature, and connection of dissimilar materials. The traditional polymer solid electrolyte has low room-temperature ionic conductivity and poor mechanical properties, which cannot be used well in the electrostatic bonding, and also restricts the application of electrostatic bonding in the preparation and packaging of flexible devices. The unique micro-phase separation structure of polyurethane exhibits good physical and chemical properties. The characteristics of diversified carrier channels, designable soft segments, and a large amount of polar groups of dissociating lithium salt make it an ideal solid electrolyte matrix material. In the paper, four aspects of the optimization of the molecular structure and preparation of polyurethane matrix materials were reviewed, aiming at improving the room temperature ionic conductivity and mechanical properties, which was suitable for flexible device packaging with electrostatic bonding.
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  Progress in the application of metal-organic framework materials in separation and chemical sensing

  TAN Caihe, LU Peng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7046-7051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.009

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  The development status of metal-organic framework materials (MOF) in separation and chemical sensing in recent years is reviewed. The application of MOF materials in C₆ ring analog separation, C₈ aromatic separation and oil/water separation, and the application of MOF materials in anion sensing materials and sensing nitroaromatics and neurotransmitters are mainly introduced. Finally, it points out the more challenging separation and purification problems in the chemical industry and the ability to sense hazardous substances under real-time conditions. If the corresponding MOF materials can be designed, the application range of such functional materials will be greatly increased.
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  Research progress on metastable phase of alloy materials

  CUI Chunjuan, WANG Songyuan, REN Chiqiang, LIU Yanyun, WANG Cong, LAI Yuanyuan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7052-7059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.7.010

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  The metastable alloy materials including crystalline metastable, microcrystalline metastable, quasi-crystal metastable, and metallic glass have great influences on the field of materials science. They are different from ordinary metal materials. For example, the crystalline metastable phase has good corrosion resistance, the microcrystalline metastable phase has high strength and hardness due to fine grain, and the metallic glass which is an amorphous alloy has many characters such as uniform internal structure. The metallic glass has no defects or magnetic anisotropy, thus exhibiting high strength and low coercivity. Because of the excellent properties of these metastable alloy materials, a research wave has been created in the field of materials science. In the decades, many methods for the preparation of metastable phases have been obtained through extensive practice and testing. For example, the metastable phase is obtained by controlling the solidification process, but the preparation process is complicated and needs further optimization. Through the accumulation method, metal glass and amorphous film can be prepared, which greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the material. Through these methods, a metastable phase is prepared that can greatly improve the material’s properties. In order to improve the preparation system of the metastable phase, further explorations are still needed. However, the metastable phase, which will have a negative impact on the material, must be transformed and eliminated. The basic concept and formation mechanism of metastable phases were introduced in the present paper. The possibility that metastable phase could be stable under certain conditions was proved according to the theory dynamics and thermodynamics. The classification, formation mechanism and preparation techniques of metastable phases in alloy materials were systematically summarized. Different kinds of metastable materials would have different effects. Therefore, the elimination method of the negative metastable phase was demonstrated in the present paper, and the improvement of material properties due to the elimination of the metastable phase was also explained. Moreover, the preparation methods of the metastable phase which could improve the material properties were focused on this paper. Finally, the future research points and development trends of metastable phases were forecasted.
Research & Development
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  Visual research of the dispersion of modified fluorescent silica microspheres in silicone rubber

  CHEN Kexu, LU Ai, KANG Ming, LIU Min, SHEN Simin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7060-7065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.011

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  The visualization analysis of dispersion state of the filler in silicone rubber was based on the fluorescent labeling and the laser scanning confocal microscope. The fluorescent silica microspheres were modified by different silane coupling agents, and the contact angle analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to describe its surface properties. Both hydrophobic effect and bound rubber content of modified fluorescent silica microspheres are KH-570＞KH-560＞KH-550. Visual analysis results show that the average size of aggregates and network connectivity of KH-570 modified fluorescent silica microspheres were 2.61 μm and 47%, KH-560 modified it were 2.95 μm and 43% and KH-550 modified it were 3.32 μm and 41%. The visual analysis method of the modified fluorescent SiO₂ microsphere is beneficial to observe the dispersion state of it in the silicone rubber, and this method can statistically analyze the particle size of the modified fluorescent SiO₂ microsphere aggregates. This method is helpful to evaluate the dispersion state of the filler in the silicone rubber.
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  Study on preparation of nano-copper powders by chemical reduction of copper sulfate with hydrazine hydrate

  WANG Hu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7066-7070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.012

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  The nano-sized copper powders with uniform size distribution were prepared by chemical reduction of copper sulfate with hydrazine hydrate. The copper particle size and percent conversion of Cu²⁺ were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Image-Pro Plus software and concentration analyzer of Cu²⁺. The results show that the nano-copper powders were prepared by chemical reduction of copper sulfate with hydrazine hydrate in alkaline condition, and the optimum preparation conditions were obtained. The concentration of hydrazine hydrate was 1.5 mol/L, the concentration of CuSO₄·5H₂O was 0.5 mol/L, the mass ratio of EDTA and PVP was 3∶2 (the concentration of EDTA and PVP was 30 g/L and 20 g/L, respectively), the pH value of reaction solution was 12, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, and the reaction time was 30 min. Under these conditions, the nano-copper powders were with equable size and the particle size was 50.2 nm, and the conversion rate of Cu²⁺ reached 98.2%.
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  Study on the preparation, structure and electrochemical properties of cobalt silicate composites based on POSS-SH template

  WANG Chao, GUANG Shanyi, XU Hongyao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7071-7078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.013

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  Among many energy storage and conversion devices, supercapacitors have been extensively studied due to their high power density, rapid charge and discharge and excellent cycle performance. However, the lower specific capacity and energy density limit the extensive application of supercapacitor as large-scale energy storage and conversion devices. In order to increase the specific capacity of supercapacitors, it is necessary to increase the contact area between the electrode material and the electrolyte, thereby facilitating the electrode material to acquire/release particles from/into the electrolyte. In addition, another effective way to increase the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is to introduce a non-metal atom doping such as S, N or the like. This method can improve the electronic properties of the material to improve electrochemical performance. Herein, porous S-Co₂SiO₄ nanostructures were prepared by simple solvothermal method combined with high temperature calcination experimental scheme. The specific surface area of S-Co₂SiO₄ porous nanomaterials was as high as 143.58 m²/g. Due to the porous structural characteristics, the S-Co₂SiO₄ electrode exhibited a high specific capacity (1 125.3 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g) and had a good rate performance (current density increases from 1 to 9 A/g). it retained its initial capacitance of 73.9%.
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  Preparation and the study on low-temperature denitrification of Fe, Ce modified manganese titanium catalyst

  BIAN Xue, XIAO Kunyu, WANG Shuhao, QIU Baolong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7079-7084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.014

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  In order to solve the problem that the high-temperature denitration catalyst has narrow temperature range and the property of easy deactivation and poisoning, MnO_x-TiO₂ catalyst doped with Fe and Ce of low temperature denitration was prepared in this paper. The temperature range of 0.08Fe0.05Ce/MnO_x-TiO₂ catalyst whose denitrification efficiency achieved above 90% was the widest of 99-374 ℃. XRD and BET analysis showed that the dispersibility of the active component of the catalyst on the TiO₂ carrier and the specific surface area of the catalyst increased. XPS analysis showed that the chemical adsorption oxygen on the surface increased, Mn existed in the form of MnO₂ and Mn₂O₃, and the addition of Ce and Fe promoted the conversion between MnO₂ and Mn₂O₃, which was beneficial to the denitration reaction. The results of H₂-TPR and NH₃-TPD analysis showed that the weak acid and medium-strong acid content on the catalyst surface increased, and the low-temperature redox ability improved.
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  Preparation and properties of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogel by ambient pressure drying process

  XING Zhixiang, WANG Lijin, ZHANG Ying, GU Huanglin, LI Jinchun, YANG Ke

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7085-7089. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.015

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  Bulk milky white Al₂O₃- SiO₂ aerogels were prepared by sol-gel process after aging and ambient pressure drying with six water aluminum chloride (AlCl₃·6H₂O) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Aerogels were calcined at different temperatures, and their properties were analyzed by SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, TG and FT-IR. The results show that Al₂O₃-SiO₂ aerogels had good thermal stability. SiO₂ was amorphous in aerogels, and Al₂O₃ existed in needle-like or long strip boehmite (γ-AlOOH). After calcination at 600-1 000 ℃, Al₂O₃ transformed into γ-Al₂O₃. When the calcination temperature reached 1 200 ℃, mullite phase formed by Al₂O₃ and SiO₂, which inhibited the conversion of γ-Al₂O₃ to α-Al₂O₃. At room temperature, the specific surface area of aerogel was 692.7 m²/g, the distribution of pores was more homogeneous and porosity was higher. With the increase of calcination temperature, the specific surface area and pore volume gradually decreased, but the pore size increased gradually. When the calcination temperature reached 1 200 ℃, the specific surface area of aerogel was still 67.3 m²/g.
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  Preparation of cordierite ceramic support for high temperature dust removal

  CHENG Min, TIAN Mengkui, TAO Wenliang, YAN Tinggui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7090-7095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.016

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  Cordierite porous ceramic support were prepared by extrusion and high temperature solid phase reaction method using cheap industrial grade cordierite powder as main materials and four different particle size polystyrene microspheres as pore formers. The influence of different diameter of pore former and different sintering temperature on the basic properties of support was investigated. The phase composition and cross-sectional morphology of the samples were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques. The results show that the larger the pore size, the wider the internal pore size distribution and the higher the open porosity and air permeability of the support, but the lower the compressive strength and acid corrosion resistance. Excessive sintering temperature promoted the production of the sintering liquid phase, reducing the porosity of the material and the rate of air permeation. When the sintering temperature was 1 300 ℃ and the pore former with a particle size of 10 μm, the support had the best performance. At this time the open porosity was 54.12%, the compressive strength was 8.25 MPa, the air permeability was 7.62 m³/(h·Pa·m²) and the acid corrosion resistance rate was 99.59%.
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  Properties of polyacrylate laser holographic imaging resin modified with POSS

  ZHENG Chengfu, ZHOU Xingping, FU Jifang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7096-7100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.017

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  The uniform polyacrylate/octabutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PAE/OBPOSS) composite coatings were prepared by physical mixing. The viscosity values of the PAE/OBPOSS solutions in tetrahydrofuran decreased with the OBPOSS content, indicating a Newtonian fluid behavior. The T_g values of the PAE/OBPOSS composite films increased with the increase of OBPOSS loading. The transmittance of the composite films was almost independent of the content of OBPOSS, even if the content was up to 25wt%. The PAE/OBPOSS composites films also showed high glossiness, which nearly kept constant when the OBPOSS content varied. The addition of OBPOSS increased the toughness of the PAE coating and improved the molding performance of the PAE/OBPOSS composite film. The PAE/OBPOSS composite film presented an optimal overall performance at 10wt% OBPOSS content.
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  Experimental study on optimization of gas parameters for growth of rutile single crystal by numerical control flame melting method

  LI Caina, BI Xiaoguo, SUN Xudong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7101-7104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.018

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  The growth process of rutile single crystal was studied by numerical control flame melting crystal growing furnace and three-tube burner. It is shown that internal oxygen was the basis of the three gas parameters. When the internal oxygen flow was less than the characteristic value O_in(min) of 6.6 L/min or greater than the characteristic value (O_in (max) of 7.1L/min, the crystal growth was prone to melt flow or not easy to expand, and the growth process was forced to stop, so the crystal was difficult to grow into large-size crystals. When the internal oxygen flow was larger than 6.6 L/min and smaller than 7.1 L/min, the growth process was stable and could grow into large-size crystals. When the internal oxygen flow was 7 L/min, rutile single crystal with a diameter of 30 mm and a length of 45 mm was grown. The composition, structure and bond structure of the crystal were characterized by energy spectrometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer, indicating that the crystal was a typical single crystal of rutile, and the growth direction was [110].
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  Preparation and properties of calcium sulfate/tricalcium phosphate controllable bone cement

  XU Rui, LIAN Xiaojie, LI Chengshuai, ZHANG Quanyou, HUANG Di, NIU Baolong, SHI Zhendong, DU Jingjing, LI Fen, HE Zhimin, QIU Zhiye

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7105-7110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.019

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  In this study, α-TCP was added into α-CSH with a ratio of 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. The solid material was combined with four kinds of prepared curing liquid, which were 0.9% NaCl solution, 2.5% Na₂HPO₄ solution, 7% citric acid solution and a mixture solution of 2.5% Na₂HPO₄ and 7% citric acid. The regulatory properties of α-CSH/α-TCP were studied by changing factors. The composite material was observed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, besides, the tests of setting time, mechanical properties and degradation performance were done. The effect of the change of α-TCP content on the properties of bone cement based on α-CSH was explored. Furthermore, the influence of the solidifying liquid on the properties of α-CSH/α-TCP cement was discussed when the content of α-CSH and α-TCP was constant. The results showed that the degradation performance of α-CSH/α-TCP was improved compared to pure α-CSH-based bone cement after adding α-TCP with an average particle diameter of 0.21 μm to calcium sulphate-based bone cement. With the increase of α-TCP content, the curing time was prolonged, and the mechanical property was gradually weakened. When the content of α-TCP was 15%, the addition of Na₂HPO₄ and CA could prolong the setting time of α-CSH/α-TCP, but the compressive strength of the composite with Na₂HPO₄ as the solidifying liquid was significantly higher than that of the composite materials of α-CSH/α-TCP and other solidifying liquids. The addition of α-TCP, as well as different curing liquids could adjust the mechanical properties, setting time and degradation rate of the composite bone cement to a certain extent, and provide experimental basis for the clinical application of bone repair materials.
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  Adsorption properties of heavy metal ions for carbon nanotube reinforced porous concrete

  ZHANG Cong, YU Zhihui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7111-7114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.020

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  Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) reinforced porous concrete was prepared. Adsorption properties of some divalent heavy metal ions (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺) for MWCNTs reinforced porous concrete were investigated. The initial concentrations of heavy metal ions were 100, 400, 700 and 1 000 mg/L. The adsorption times were 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Relationship between adsorption time and adsorption quantity was tested. Effect of initial concentrations of heavy metal ions on the equilibrium adsorption quantity of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ was analyzed. It was found that the adsorption quantity of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ for MWCNTs reinforced porous concrete reached the adsorption equilibrium after 24 h. With the increase of the initial concentration of heavy metal ion solution, the equilibrium adsorption quantity of Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺ for MWCNTs increased obviously. Preference of adsorption onto the MWCNTs reinforced porous concrete can be ordered as Pb²⁺＞Cd²⁺＞Cu²⁺. The adsorption isotherm of MWCNTs reinforced porous concrete on heavy metal ions is in good agreement with the Freundlich model, which can be used to describe the adsorption isotherm of MWCNTs reinforced porous concrete on heavy metal ions.
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  Study on heat sealing performance of aluminum-plastic film for flexible packaging lithium ion battery

  LYU Shangshu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7115-7119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.021

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  Aluminum-plastic film of 40 μm tape casting polypropylene (1^# sample), 80μm tape casting polypropylene (2^# sample) and 80 μm grafted modified polypropylene (3^# sample) were selected as the research objects. Three kinds of soft-coated lithium ion battery aluminium-plastic film were reserached under different heat-sealing temperature, time, pressure, thickness and types of heat-sealing layer. The heat sealing strength and bonding interface of three different aluminium-plastic films were analyzed by universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the optimum heat sealing process for three different aluminium-plastic films was the heat sealing temperature of 230 ℃, the heat sealing time of 12 s and the heat sealing pressure of 1.0 MPa. The highest heat sealing strength of 1^# sample was 98.9 N/15 mm; that of 3^# sample was 114.3 N/15 mm; and that of 2^# sample was 144.4 N/15 mm. In the range of 0.5-1.0 MPa, the effect of heat sealing pressure on the heat sealing strength of the aluminium-plastic film wasn’t significant. The heat sealing temperature and time were the main factors affecting the heat sealing strength of the sample. Under the same heat sealing conditions, the heat sealing effect of CPP heat sealing layer was better than that of PP-g-PGMA heat sealing layer. The research on the interface of hot-seal peeling failure showed that the failure modes of peeling experiment were interfacial failure and peeling failure. The interface between CPP and aluminium foil wasn't closely mechanically meshed. If the aluminium foil is surface treated and the mechanical bonding force between aluminium foil and CPP is increased, it may become one of the effective means to improve the heat-seal strength of aluminium-plastic film.
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  Studies on the adsorption properties of crosslinked chitosan microspheres for anionic surfactants

  YANG Qinlin, SHI Wenjian, ZHANG Xiaodong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7120-7125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.022

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  In this paper, ACCMs was synthesized through the method of inverse suspension. ACCMs was used to adsorb three common anionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), from aqueous solution under different experimental conditions, including pH, contact time, temperature and concentration. Results showed that the pH had a significant influence on the adsorption of anionic surfactants. The adsorption of three kinds of anionic surfactant on ACCMs reached the equilibrium around 360 min and the kinetic experimental data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption pattern on the ACCMs fitted Langmuir isotherms very well. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous. The static saturated adsorption capacity of ACCMs were 793 mg/g for SDBS, 789 mg/g for SLS, and 341 mg/g for SDS. These results confirm that ACCMs had high adsorption capacity for anionic surfactant, which could make it useful in the treatment of anionic surfactant.
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  Study on strength and optical properties of photoluminescence cement-based composites materials

  HE Bei, GAO Yingli, LENG Zheng, QU Liangchen, PENG Jiangke, FANG Zaosheng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7126-7133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.023

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  Self-luminescent cement based functional materials were prepared by using long afterglow luminescent materials of rare earth and white Portland cement as main raw materials, which can absorb light during the day and luminous at night. The effects of different amount of luminescent powder and reflective powder on the luminescent and mechanical properties of self-luminescent cement-based cementing materials were studied by means of tests. The microscopic morphology, phase composition and mechanism were analyzed by means of SEM, XRD and PL spectra. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of luminescent powder and reflective powder, the initial luminance and the afterglow time of the specimen increased correspondingly, and compared to the control group, which increased by 4.7%-45.79%, 14.63%-59.09%, respectively. The luminous brightness for 8 h was kept at 0.02-0.2 cd/m². The addition of luminescent powder and reflective powder could improve the flexural strength and compressive strength of the cement-based material, while the strength of the specimen decreased gradually with the increase of the content of luminescent powder and reflective powder. The addition of luminescent powder and reflective powder could not only react with cement hydration product to produce a large number of hexagonal plates CH and cluster AFm crystal, but also promote the hydration reaction of the unhydrated cement particles. Moreover, owing to its smaller particle size, it could fill the tiny pores among hydration products, thereby improving microscopic distribution of the hardened cement matrix and enhancing strength to a certain extent. The hydration product of cement absorbed short wave ultraviolet light, thus reducing the excitation wavelength range and intensity of the specimen. The emission spectrum was yellowish green with a peak value of 520 nm.
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  Preparation and sodium storage properties of iron-based Prussian blue cathode material

  GAO Fei, YANG Kai, LONG Xuanyou, WANG Kangkang, FAN Maosong, LIU Hao, GENG Mengmeng, ZHANG Mingjie, WANG Kaifeng, ZHAO Hailei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7134-7138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.024

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  The Fe-based Prussian blue cathode material was synthesized by simple co-precipitation method, and the effects of synthesis temperature on the microstructure and sodium storage properties of the materials were investigated. The results show that the product particle size became larger and the sodium content increased with the increase of synthesis temperature. When FeHCF-40 ℃ was used as cathode in sodium ion batteries, it delivered a high specific capacity of 134.5 mAh/g (30 mA/g). The FeHCF-40 ℃ also exhibited excellent cycling stability and good rate property, with a specific capacity of 80.3 mAh/g at a current density of 1 500 mA/g. After 100 cycles, the capacity retention of the FeHCF-40 ℃ cathode could still reach 77.4% at 30 mA/g.
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  Freeze thaw cycling performance and reliability analysis of waste ceramic tile recycled aggregate concrete

  QIAO Hongxia, PENG Kuan, CHEN Kefan, GUAN Liijuan, ZHU Xiangchen

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7139-7144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.025

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  In order to study the effect of different substitution rates of waste ceramic tile particles on the freeze-thaw cycle resistance of recycled concrete, waste ceramic tile particles with six mix ratios of 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% were designed. The freeze-thaw cycles of six groups of recycled concrete were tested by quick freezing method, and the loss rate and phase of concrete quality were detected respectively. Taking the mass loss rate and the relative dynamic elastic modulus as the indexes, the optimum proportion was judged, and the reliability function was established by Wiener distribution probability method to reflect the remaining life of the optimum proportion specimens. The results show that the dynamic elastic modulus decreased during freeze-thaw cycles and the mass loss rate increased first and then decreased. When the replacement rate of waste ceramic tile particles was 20%, the recycled concrete of waste ceramic tile had the strongest freeze-thaw cycle resistance, and the fastest test specimen failed after 398 freeze-thaw cycles. With the increase of replacement rate, the freeze-thaw cycle resistance of recycled concrete decreased greatly.
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  First-principles study of CO sensing mechanism on Cu-doped SnO₂ (110) surface

  LIN Long, WANG Pengtao, YU Weiyang, HUANG Jingtao, ZHU Linghao, ZHANG Zhanying

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7145-7151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.026

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  The adsorption of poisonous gas CO on the surface of intrinsic and Cu doped SnO₂ (110) was studied by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The best adsorption position and structure were obtained by comparing the adsorption energies. The results indicate that the adsorption of CO on the intrinsic SnO₂ (110) surface was weak. The doping concentration of Cu on SnO₂ (110) surface was 2.7% and 5.4%, expressed by Sn₁₅CuO₂₄ and Sn₁₄Cu₂O₂₄, respectively. By comparing the adsorption energies and charge population of CO on SnO₂ (110) surface with the intrinsic and different Cu doping concentration, it could be seen that impurity Cu could significantly improve the adsorption performance of CO. Particularly, the active energy of Sn₁₄Cu₂O₂₄ with doping concentration of 5.4％ could be increased by doped Cu atom, indicating the best adsorption performance.
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  The magnetic transport properties of Weyl fermions in BiSb alloys

  MAO Xingyu, XU Gongqin, CHEN Xiaowei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7152-7156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.027

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  The BiSb alloy is of special significance in topological insulator research. Here we focus on Bi_0.96Sb_0.04 alloy in which the conduction band edge just touches the valence band edge. First increasing and then decreasing of the resistance of Bi_0.96Sb_0.04 alloy shows its typical semimetal behavior. Transport measurement shows that the Shubnikov de Haas oscillation occurs in longitudinal magnetoresistance and transverse Hall resistance with opposite phase. Further investigation of longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) shows that when magnetic field B is along with the electric current, the longitudinal magnetoresistance is negative at some magnetic field from 0.5 to 1.5 T, which is resulted from the chiral anomaly of Weyl fermions splitted from dirac cone by the magnetic field. More interestingly, the negative part of the longitudinal MR is not just a monotonic decrease, but with a kind of oscillation. This could be an approach for acquiring Weyl Fermions and Weyl semimetals in Bi_0.96Sb_0.04 single crystal alloy.
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  Laccase/TEMPO catalyzed cellulose grafted Aspartic acid and its adsorption behavior for Ni²⁺

  WANG Jing, LI Ying, BIAN Nengyuan, ZHANG Xinli, PEI Jicheng, ZHANG Fangdong, PANG Huaiting, REN Aijing, ZHANG Zhehui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7157-7162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.028

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  A novel heavy metal ion adsorbing material was prepared by grafting Aspartic acid onto oxidized cotton fiber (OCF) which could be obtained by oxidizing C-6-hydroxyl groups of cotton fiber (CF) into aldehyde groups with laccase/TEMPO system. The properties of obtained product were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results indicated that Aspartic acid was successfully introduced into the surface of cellulose. Besides, the content of aspartic acid in product was 5.28%, resulting from kjeldahl method. The adsorption performance of Aspartic acid-cellulose adsorbent (Asp-OCF) for nickel ion were studied by using heavy metal nickel ion (Ni²⁺) as a model. The effects of initial concentration of nickel ion and adsorption time on the adsorption process were discussed. Compared with cellulose, the adsorption capacity of the Asp-OCF for Ni²⁺ was significantly improved, and the equilibrium adsorption amount could reach 9.48 mg/g, which was 8 times higher than that of CF. The results of adsorption isotherm indicated that the adsorption process of Asp-OCF was in good agreement with Langmuir model. Meanwhile, the kinetic results showed that the adsorption process of Ni²⁺ by Asp-OCF conformed to the quasi-second order kinetic model.
Process & Technology
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  Fabrication and wear mechanisms of fly ash particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites by squeeze casting

  LUO Zhongming, ZHANG Kun, LIU Donglei, AI Fanrong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7163-7166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.029

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  Fly ash enhanced aluminum matrix composites with various volume fraction of fly ash were prepared by squeeze casting method. And the volume fraction of fly ash could reach above 30%. SEM and optical microscopy were carried to observe the morphology and metallographic structure of the composites sample. Meanwhile, abrasion resistance properties and wear mechanisms of composites were analyzed. Results show that the abrasion resistance of the composites improved with the increase of fly ash content. Under low loads, the main wear mechanisms of the composites were adhesive wear and abrasive wear, while they were abrasive wear and delaminate wear mechanisms under high loads.
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  Preparation and hydrophilicity of titanium dioxide nanotube arrays/micro-pits composite structure on titanium surface

  ZHANG Yuying, LI Yada, WANG Weiqiang, QI Min

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7167-7171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.030

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  A novel process was proposed to improve the biocompatibility of titanium and promote the adhesion and differentiation of osteoblasts on its surface. Firstly, the micro-arc oxidation (MAO), followed by the acid-washing, was adopted to prepare micron-scale pits (10-20 μm) on the surface of titanium, then the sample was anodized to prepare TiO₂ nanotube arrays (70-80 nm) on the micron-scale pits described above. The composite structures using MAO treated samples prepared in different electrolytes were studied. The influence of the composite structure on the surface hydrophilicity was investigated. The results suggest that the sample surface, during the preparation of which Na₂B₄O₇ was adopted as the MAO electrolyte, had a micro/nano hierarchical structure and showed excellent hydrophilicity.
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  Preparation carbon fibers from cellulose by ionic liquid method

  LI Xiaoyan, LIU Xinyu, GUO Wei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7172-7175. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.031

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  Cellulose was dissolved with ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazole dimethyl phosphate [MMIM]⁺[MMP]^-, and carbonization additives were added during the derivation process to improve the carbonization yield of carbon fibers. The shear viscosity, resistivity and conductivity of cellulose/[MMIM]⁺[MMP]^-, mixed liquids, change of rate and diameter of carbonized fibers were studied by rheometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the optimum carbonization yield of cellulose derivative membranes and the degree of substitution of the exhaust gas were P content of 1.6wt%. The conductivity of carbon fibers increased with the increase of carbonization temperature, mainly because the increase of carbonization temperature leaded to the increase of carbon fibers content in the samples, which resulted in the increase of graphitization degree and conductivity of the samples, and the optimum carbonization temperature was 900 ℃. The carbon fibers prepared by liquid method had uniform diameter distribution, smooth surface and almost no intertwining and bonding between the carbon fibers, so they had high independence.
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  Experimental study on mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of cement-based materials with ramie fiber

  LIU Gaopeng, LIAO Yishun, LIU Lijun, QIU Lin, GUO Dawei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7176-7181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.032

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  The effects of ramie fiber on compressive strength, flexural strength, autogenous shrinkage and electrical resistivity of cement-based materials were studied by incorporating ramie fiber into cement-based material and comparing steel fiber and polypropylene fiber. The experiment test results indicate that at age of 7 d, when cement-based materials with 0.3% and 0.6% ramie fibers were compared to pure cement-based materials, the compressive strength reduced by 1.2% and 3.0%, the autogenous shrinkage of the sample could be reduced by 13.4% and 30.8% respectively. At age of 28 d, the compressive strength of cement-based materials increased by 2.2% and 8.2%, and the flexural strength increased by 9.6% and 13.4%. Steel fiber and polypropylene fiber significantly improved the compressive and flexural strength of cement-based materials for 7 and 28 d, while ramie fiber was more conducive to the early autogenous shrinkage of cement-based materials. With the increase of ramie fiber content, in cement-based materials,the autogenous shinkage at 7 d and the electrical resistivity at 3 d decreased significantly.
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  The investigation of zinc oxide electrodeposing based on EDTA regulating

  HE Yaping, WANG Bingxu, YAN Junmiao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7182-7184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.033

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  EDTA is a chelating agent with nitrogen-oxygen active center, and it can react with metal ions to form 1∶1 complexes. EDTA-Zn²⁺ was reduce to nano zinc by electrochemical deposition, and then further oxidized to nano ZnO by oxygen. With ITO as base electrode, multi-potential step method was used to prepare nano ZnO thin film. X-ray crystal diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and electrochemical methods were employed to analyze the crystal structure, surface morphology and electrochemical properties with and without EDTA. The research indicates that EDTA could improve order of nano ZnO nanostructure, reduce its size and improve its electrochemical properties.
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  In-situ preparation of reduced graphene oxide /titanium dioxide composites by sol-gel method and their photocatalytic properties

  REN Jian, LI Guangzhao, HAN Rui, ZHAO Tianbao, GUO Yunjuan, PENG Ting

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7185-7190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.034

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  Reduced graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (RGO/TiO₂) composite photocatalysts were in-situ prepared by sol-gel method and modified Hummers method. The morphology and structure of photocatalysts were characterized and analyzed. The photocatalytic properties of the composite were studied by methylene blue (MB) as a simulated organic pollutant. The results show that a large amount of TiO₂ particles are loaded on the surface of the RGO sheet to form a film with uniform dispersion. In the RGO/TiO₂ composite, TiO₂ is anatase and RGO still retains some oxygen-containing functional groups. The introduction of RGO causes the red shift of RGO/TiO₂ absorption band, and the band width of RGO/ TiO₂ is decreased from 3.2 to 3.0 eV. The RGO/TiO₂ composite photocatalyst has good photocatalytic degradability and cycle stability. After 30 min of continuous illumination, the highest degradation rate of MB solution can reach 96.9%. After 5 cycles of photocatalytic degradation, RGO/TiO₂ still has nearly 90% degradation efficiency.
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  Preparation and properties of aminated cotton linters

  FENG Xiaoning, DING Chengli, LIU Yuee

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7191-7198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.035

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  Amino cotton linters cellulose composite (Cellulose-g-GMA-EDA) was prepared with cotton linters, glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) by means of free radical graft copolymerization. The structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TG, XRD and elemental analysis. The removal rate and the amount of adsorption were further studied. The experimental result shows that the epoxy value of the graft polymer Cellulose-g-GMA was up to 2.79 mmol/g. At cellulose-g-GMA/EDA=2∶5, when the reaction temperature was 100 ℃, and the reaction time was 11 h, the aminocellulose adsorption material with grafting ratio of 55% was obtained, which had a removal rate of 89.7% for the xylenol orange dye. The adsorption kinetics accords with the quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm conformed to the Freundlich model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.2 mg/g.
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  Preparation and properties of aminated cotton linters

  FENG Xiaoning, DING Chengli, LIU Yuee

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7191-7198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.035

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  Amino cotton linters cellulose composite (Cellulose-g-GMA-EDA) was prepared with cotton linters, glycidyl methacrylate(GMA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) by means of free radical graft copolymerization. The structure of the product was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TG, XRD and elemental analysis. The removal rate and the amount of adsorption were further studied. The experimental result shows that the epoxy value of the graft polymer Cellulose-g-GMA was up to 2.79 mmol/g. At cellulose-g-GMA/EDA=2∶5, when the reaction temperature was 100 ℃, and the reaction time was 11 h, the aminocellulose adsorption material with grafting ratio of 55% was obtained, which had a removal rate of 89.7% for the xylenol orange dye. The adsorption kinetics accords with the quasi-secondary kinetic model. The adsorption isotherm conformed to the Freundlich model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.2 mg/g.
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  Experimental study for synthesizing Al-Ce pillared clay

  ZHANG Wenjuan, MA Ying, HAO Yifan, HOU Shaochun, ZHAO Yongzhi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7199-7204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.036

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  A certain area of Inner Mongolia’s modified Na-montmorillonite was used as matrices to synthesize Al-Ce pillared clay by traditional aquo-phase, after analyzing the properties of Mongolia’s montmorillonite and modifying them with sodium compounds. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the influence of the Al/Ce molar ratio, the reaction temperature of pillared agents, the pillaring reaction time and washing times on the interlayer spacing (d₀₀₁) and specific surface area (BET) of pillared bentonite. The results show that when Al/Ce molar ratio was 5:1, the reaction temperature of pillared agents was 40°C, the pillaring reaction time was 5 h, and Al-Ce pillared bentonite was washed five times, the interlayer spacing and the specific surface area of Al-Ce pillared bentonite were stable at 1.847 nm and 307.2 m²/g after calcination at 500 ℃, which had good thermal stability and could be used as high performance pillared bentonite.
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  Preparation of high molecular weight vinyl terminated fluorine-containing polysiloxanes via ring-opening copolymerization of D₄ with D₃F catalyzed by NKC-9

  CAI Tianyu, DENG Jianguo, ZHOU Yuanlin, DENG Zhihua, JI Lanxiang, BAI Xiaofeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7205-7209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.037

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  Here a convenient method for preparation of high molecular weight vinyl terminated fluorine-containing polysiloxanes was explored. Ring-opening copolymerization of octmethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D₄) and ,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-tris(3,3,3,-trifluoropropyl)cyclotrisiloxane(D₃F) was firstly catalyzed with highly active, ease of handing and low-corrosive strong acidic cation exchange resin(NKC-9), and then end-capping was conducted with 1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl-1,3-divinyldisiloxane (V) to obtain high molecular weight vinyl terminated fluorine-containing polysiloxanes.The molecular structures of the copolymers were characterized by FT-IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight distributions and average molecular weight of the copolymers were characterized by GPC. The thermal properties of the copolymers were measured by TGA. The glass transition temperature of the copolymers were characterized by diffenertial scanning calorimetry. The effect of catalyst dosage, polymerization time, monomer feed ratio, polymerization temperature and end-capped reagent on the copolymerization were studied. The results exhibit that when the conditions wereas follows: n(D₄)∶n(D₃F)=7∶3, n(D₄)∶n(V)=75, catalyst dosage was 7wt% of D₄ and D₃F, polymerization at 80 ℃ for 8 h, the yield of the vinyl terminated fluorine-containing polysiloxanes obtained was 80.27%, and average molecular weight was 64 064 g/mol.
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  Preparation and properties of wood processing residues/bamboo charcoal powder/PP wood-plastic composites materials

  GUO Zihao, ZHANG Yu, LI Wenzhu, ZHAO Lei, ZHANG Wenbiao

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7210-7215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.038

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  Wood-plastic composite made of wood processing residues/bamboo charcoal powder/PP was successfully prepared by double screw extruder and injection molding machine. In this paper, the interface adhesion of wood chip and bamboo charcoal powder embedding in wood -plastic composites were studied by scanning electron microscope. The tensile strength, thermodynamis properties, infrared spectra and resistance of composites were tested by electronic universal testing machine, differential thermal analyzer, Fourier infrared spectrometer and resistance measuring instrument. The results showed that when the bamboo charcoal content was 10%-20%, the combination of bamboo charcoal powder and matrix was better. When the bamboo charcoal content increased from 10% to 50%, the tensile strength of the composite decreased from 34.25 to 22.36 MPa, with a decrease of 33.60%, and the elongation decreased from 9.48% to 4.10%, with a decrease of 56.75%, but the elastic modulus of the composite increased from 388.10 to 461.63 MPa, with an increase of 18.95%. In addition, with the increase of bamboo charcoal powder content in a certain range, the water absorption, resistivity and conductivity of the composites increased.
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  In-situ uniform generation of nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite microspheres

  GUO Yuanyuan, JI Jingou, TIAN Zhenzhen, ZHU Qin, WANG Dan, HAO Shilei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2019, 50(7): 7216-7220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2019.07.039

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  Aimed at the problem of nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (nCDHA) uneven distribution and insufficient content in nano calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite/chitosan (CS) composite microspheres, nCDHA/CS composite microspheres were firstly fabricated in situ by homogeneous precipitation method in a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion. The physicochemical properties of composite microspheres were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectrum (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the nCDHA was uniformly distributed in the nCDHA/CS composite microspheres, and the content was up to 43%. Moreover, the composite microspheres had a narrow size distribution, good sphericity with PDI 0.291 and average size of 18.6 μm. The result of biomimetic mineralization shows that the surface mineralization of composite microspheres was a process from nCDHA to nHA. After 14 d of biomimetic mineralizationr, a large number of even sheets of bone-like apatite were formed on the surface of the microspheres, indicating that the composite microspheres had good biological properties and great potential for bone tissue regeneration and repair.