30 November 2017, Volume 48 Issue 11
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Preparation and characterization of a kind of physical crosslinking chitosan-poloxamer membrane containing nano-silver
    HU Yunrui,LI Daheng,CHEN Jia,YU Xuefei, XI Tingfei,LUO Xiaomei,CHEN Kun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11001-11006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.001
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    In order to prepare a kind of membrane which has a certain antibacterial property, well flexibility and good water absorption capacity, in this study, such a kind of membrane was prepared by the method of adjusting pH value of chitosan-poloxamer sol which were dissolved in dilute acetic acid solution. Membrane had been prepared by physical crosslinking method. Mechanical test, SEM test of the membranes’ cross-section, absorptive capability and inhibition zone test had been carried out to test membrane’s properties. The test results showed that the tensile strength and the elongation at break of prepared membrane were related to the concentration of poloxamer and glycerol. In SEM test of the cross-sectional of chitosan-poloxamer membrane, it had been found that the addition of poloxamer will induce the appearance of holes and the maximum diameter of the hole was less than 10 μm. In the water-absorbing ability test, it had been found that 4‰ and 6‰ poloxamer group and 2% glycerol group had better water absorption capacity in PBS solution, while 8‰ poloxamer group and 2% glycerol group had better water absorption capacity in physiological saline solution. In the zone of inhibition test, it had been found that prepared membranes with different concentrations of poloxamer essentially had obvious inhibition zone. Finally, by combining the above properties, the optimal concentration of poloxamer and glycerol was 6‰ and 2%, respectively. Due to the convenience of preparation, good flexibility, good water absorption capacity and effective antibacterial properties, chitosan-poloxamer membrane was expected to be applied in the treatment of burns and purulent wound infections.
  • Study on adsorption condition optimization for selenium(Ⅳ) ions by reed biochar using response surface methodology
    YUAN Juhong,HU Mianhao,SUN Qiurong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11007-11015. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.002
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    Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the adsorption of selenium (Se(Ⅳ)) from the aqueous solution onto different modified reed biochar. The effect of initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and pH on the Se(Ⅳ) removal was optimized using Box-Behnken Design in RSM. The experimental results show that the effect of each factor on Se(Ⅳ) removal were ranked in the order of initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time, and initial pH for PB. The effect of each factor on Se(Ⅳ) removal were ranked in the order of initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage, and initial pH for CA-PB and CTS-PB. The optimum conditions of Se(Ⅳ) removal by PB were as follows: initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration was 500 μg/L, PB dosages were 4.69 g/L, pH was 2.81, adsorption time was 2.50 h, and the removal rate of Se(Ⅳ) was 95.46%. The optimum conditions of Se(Ⅳ) removal by CA-PB were as follows: initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration was 479.76 μg/L, CA-PB dosages were 4.84 g/L, pH was 2.74, adsorption time was 2.59 h, and the removal rate of Se(Ⅳ) was 99.70%. The optimum conditions of Se(Ⅳ) removal by CTS-PB were as follows: initial Se(Ⅳ) concentration was 500 μg/L, CTS-PB dosages were 4.94 g/L, pH was 3.0, adsorption time was 2.50 h, and the removal rate of Se(Ⅳ) was 99.83%.
  • Preparation and properties of phase change slurry for heat storage of low temperature solar energy collection
    CHEN Hongbing, YAN Xiaoli, CHU Sai, NIU Haoyu, LUAN Danming, LI Qiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11016-11020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.003
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    Five types of alkyl hydrocarbon and wax phase change slurries (PCSs) with different mass concentrations are prepared to test their thermal properties and flow properties including phase change temperature, latent heat, viscosity and stability. The effect of category of slurries, concentration, operating temperature and shear rate on the thermal properties, flow properties and stability was analyzed and then the laws in different factors are summarized. In this study, it provides reference for the preparation of PCS and its application in solar energy low temperature collector heat storage.
  • Study on deactivation of nanosized Au/CeO2 catalysts in storage
    ZHANG Jingjing, SUN Jie, LI Jigang,ZHOU Tian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11021-11025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.004
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    A nanosized 2wt% Au/CeO2 catalyst was prepared using the deposition-precipition method. The deactivation mechanism of the catalyst stored in ambient air and frozen refrigerator was investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and H2 temperature-programmed reduction. The results show that refrigerator frozen storage was more advantageous to inhibit gold nanoparticles aggregation, and thus the catalyst could maintain a higher catalytic activity. The deactivation of the catalyst was partially reversible, and there were two factors leading to the deactivation. One was the agglomeration of nanosized gold partilces, which caused the irreversible deactivation. The other was the adsorption of carbon dioxide and water on catalyst surface, leading to the reversible deactivation. The adsorption carbonate species could be eliminated when the deactivated catalyst was calcined at high temperature.
  • Preparation and properties of amino acid modified chitosan antibacterial material
    ZHANG Yi,LIU Ye,ZHANG Hao,ZHANG Zhuanling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11026-11031. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.005
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    A new kind of natural-macro-molecular-based heavy metal ion chelating material, L-arginine grafted chitosan (CA) of chelating heavy metal ions, was prepared by grafting L-arginine (L-Arg) onto CS molecules, with chitosan as raw material, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- 3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC. HCl) as condensing agent and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) as coupling reagent. Reaction conditions were optimized. The structure of the product was characterized using elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy (RAM), 13C NMR spectroscopy (13C NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Using sorbitol as plasticizer, the amino acid modified chitosan membrane was prepared by coating method. The results of adsorption experiments showed that with the increase of grafting rate, the change trend of saturated adsorption capacity of modified chitosan film to Ni2+ and Cu2+ increased firstly and then decreased. CA (GR=16.85%) membrane had best adsorption capacity of Ni2+ and Cu2+, which respectively reached 148.32 mg/g and 198.78 mg/g. With the increase of grafting rate, the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus gradually increased. When GR=16.85%, the highest inhibition on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively reached 92.06% and 93.58%.
    • Review & Advance
  • Current research on of sensitivity and noise of GMI magnetic sensors
    HAN Ziqiang,ZHANG Shuling,WANG Pei,JIANG Xiaoxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11032-11036. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.006
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    Magnetic field sensor based on giant magneto impedance (GMI) effect in soft magnetic amorphous wire is one of the highlights recently. GMI magnetic sensors have the characteristics of miniaturization, high sensitivity, fast response, high temperature stability and low power consumption, which have widely applied prospects, especially in the weak magnetic fields detection. Therefore, the high sensitivity and low noise of sensor are particularly important to GMI applications. However, most of the researches focus on the basic theory of GMI effect and few attentions have been taken on the control of sensitivity and noise of GMI sensors because the GMI effect and its application is a new developing field recently. In this paper, the research status on sensitivity and noise of GMI magnetic sensors are introduced and the application of GMI sensors is also presented.
  • State of study and application of foamed concrete
    LEI Dongyi,GUO Liping,LIU Jiaping,MIAO Changwen,SUN Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11037-11042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.007
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    The main characteristics, preparation process, used equipment of foamed concrete, and the main factors affecting the performance of foamed concrete are introduced in this paper. Failure mechanism of the foam in the foamed concrete was elaborated. The application status, technical indicators and testing methods of foaming agent at home and abroad are described. The application status of foamed concrete in home and abroad is summarized. Finally, the common problems in use are pointed out and the development trend of foaming agent and foamed concrete is also prospected.
  • Research progress of multifunctional magnetic microspheres for biomedicine
    LI Hong,YI Zhongchao,ZHANG Jing,WANG Song,SU Xiaopeng, LI Bo,XIAO Wenqian,LIAO Xiaoling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11043-11053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.008
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    After rationalized design of structure and surface modification for magnetic microspheres, they show unique physical and chemical properties and have wide application in medical imaging, in vitro detection, drug carriers and bacteria/cell screening and other biomedical fields. In this paper, the current research progress in the development of multifunctional magnetic microspheres was reviewed and the typical structure, preparation methods and biomedical application of magnetic microspheres were mainly introduced. A systematic reference for the design and biomedical application of magnetic microspheres was provided as well.
  • Research and application advances of acoustic metasurfaces
    XU Weikai, ZHANG Meng, WANG Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11054-11059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.009
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    Owing to the novel properties based on the regulatory mechanism and physical design, acoustic metasurfaces have important potential applications in various fields. As an important branch of acoustic metamaterials, the metasurfaces can regulate the acoustic wave by controlling the wavefront phase, which obeys the generalized Snell’s law. In this paper, the research and application advances of acoustic metasurfaces were introduced, and the problems and trends in the future were discussed. This will be of certain guiding significance for the preparation and design of wave control structure made of metasrufaces.
  • Research progress on the surface coating modification material working mechanism of the spinel lithium manganese oxide cathode material
    CHEN Zi，JIANG Qi，LI Huan，QIU Jiaxin，LIU Qingqing，LU Xiaoying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11060-11065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.010
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    Spinel lithium manganese oxide is one of the lithium-ion power battery cathode materials for its safety, low cost, good high current charge and discharge capacity, good resistance to overcharging performance and environmental friendliness. However, LiMn2O4 lithium-ion battery has the disadvantages of capacity fading fast and poor cycle performance at elevated temperature, which hinder the cells’ further applications. A surface coating modification technology has been developed to solve these problems. Until now, many coating materials were discovered to coat LiMn2O4 material, such as carbon materials, oxide materials and so on. In this paper, the coating materials were classified as the working mechanisms of the coating materials. The mechanism of surface coating modification technology improving the LiMn2O4 lithium-ion battery capacity fading performance and cycle performance at elevated temperatures through the coating materials was discussed. At the same time, the further research and development orientation were put forward.
  • Current research status of plasmonic g-C3N4 composites
    MAO Dongxing,LIU Chengbao,CHEN Zhigang,QIAN Junchao, CHEN Feng,WU Zhengyin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11066-11074. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.011
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    Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a polymer semiconductor, is a non-metallic visible light catalyst. It has been widely concerned in solar energy conversion and environmental management, because of its unique structure and property. However, the single g-C3N4 has the weaknesses of small specific surface area and high electron-hole recombination rate. Therefore, the concept of plasma photocatalytic material is proposed. The surface modification of g-C3N4 is carried out by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), which improves the photocatalytic performance. In this paper, the structure and reaction mechanism of the plasmonic g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst were briefly introduced. The factors affecting the photocatalytic performance of the composites were discussed. The latest research progress was reviewed, and the development prospect of the plasma g-C3N4 composites was prospected.
  • Research progress on hydrothermal synthesis of tobermorite whisker and its high temperature resistance
    BAO Mengyan,GUO Xiaolu,SHI Huisheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11075-11080. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.012
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    As the main phase of autoclaved aerated concrete, tobermorite has lightweight, high strength, low thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance and other excellent performance. Hydrothermal synthesis of tobermorite has become a research hotspot among many scholars. In this paper, the microstructure of tobermorite was introduced. The effects of precursors, synthesis conditions and exogenous ions on tobermorite whisker were investigated, and the presence of tobermorite whisker improving high temperature resistance of materials also was revealed. This paper has a reference value on associating between systematically multi-scale researching the micro-nanostructure of tobermorite and material’s macroscopic properties. And it’s conducive to promoting research and development of energy-saving and environment-friendly insulation refractory wall materials.
    • Research & Development
  • Impact of surface coverage area of polycarboxylate superplasticizers on the dispersion of cement paste
    WANG Xiumei,YANG Yong,SHU Xin,RAN Qianping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11081-11085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.013
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    Polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC) with different backbone flexibilities and sequence structures has been synthesized by free radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The influence of molecular structure on the solution conformation, adsorption property and macroscopic property such as dispersion ability as well as rheological property has been investigated systematically. It is indeed noted that the difference of surface coverage area onto cement particle surfaces result in the difference of the dispersion of cement paste. Furthermore, the difference of surface coverage area mainly comes from the single molecular adsorbed layer thickness and the adsorption amount. The thicker adsorbed layer thickness along with the larger adsorption amount leads to the greater surface coverage area, and inevitably the better dispersion ability.
  • Study on the functional materials of heat-resistant steel/soft magnetic stainless steel
    ZHANG Shubin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11086-11090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.014
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    This paper prepared heat-resistant steel/soft-magnetic stainless steel functional composite by co-injection and co-sintering techniques. Sintering shrinkage and shrinkage rate of 12CrMoV heat-resistant steel and soft-magnetic steel with various loaded powder amount were characterized by thermal dilatometer. Electronic universal-testing machine, scanning electron microscopy and metallurgical microscopy were used to detect tensile strength, tensile fracture, pore distribution and microstructure of the interface of co-sintering prepared heat-resistant steel/soft-magnetic steel. Results show that by adjusting powder loaded amount, the difference between sintering shrinkage of heat-resistant steel and soft-magnetic steel can be effectively reduced; therefore, the mismatch of co-sintered materials is reduced and interfacial bonding strength is then improved. 67vol% heat-resistant steel/57vol% soft stainless steel co-sintered samples displayed the highest tensile strength of 309.7 MPa; the co-sintered presents good interfacial compatibility with interfacial transition microstructure of pearlite and austenite mixture.
  • Micro structure and magnetic performance of rGO-TiO2 nanoflower composite material
    MA Wenxia,WEI Juanjuan,MU Jingxia,MU Qingqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11091-11094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.015
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    This paper applied hydrothermal method and improved Hummers method to prepare TiO2 nanoflower and rGO-TiO2 nanoflower composite. The morphology and structure of composite materials were investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, Raman spectrum. Magnetization behaviors also were characterised. Results show that the structure of rGO-TiO2 nanoflower composite is composed of the redox graphene attached to surface of TiO2 nanoflower at anatase phase. The inner TiO2 were crystallines of anatase phase, of which the surface is composed of sp2 carbon content in the rGO of rGO-TiO2 composite. The synthesized rGO-TiO2 nanocomposite exhibited larger ferromagnetism with Ms of (0.338±0.04) A·m2/kg, which is due to the increased surface defects and grain boundaries by rGO, as well as the synergetic effect of TiO2 and reduce graphene oxide.
  • In situ synthesis of Au/SnO2/graphene ternary nanocomposites and their gas sensing properties to volatile organic compounds
    ZHENG Hanxiong, SUN Yufeng, MENG Fanli,LI Jingjing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11095-11098. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.016
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    Metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors are the most widely researched used gas sensors, which have been widely utilized in exploring toxic and hazardous gases. When the particle sizes of metal oxides are less than double of the widths of their depletion layers, they become highly sensitive to surrounding gas molecules. However, the nanoparticles are easy to congregate together and become larger. Here, Au/SnO2/graphene ternary nanocomposites have been in situ synthesized by a wet-chemical method, which are characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS. The synthesized ternary nanocomposites can effectively prevent the aggregation and growth of SnO2 nanoparticles. Besides, Au nanoparticles have catalysis effect during sensing process, which can greatly improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Therefore, the gas sensitive test results show that the Au/SnO2/graphene ternary nanocomposites exhibit high sensitivity to isopropanol.
  • Synthesis of α-Bi2O3 nanowires by solution precipitation method and optical properties
    WANG Yajun,YU Haiyang,LI Zexue,GUO Liang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11099-11102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.017
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    At room temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure, one dimension α-Bi2O3 nanowires were synthesized successfully by solution precipitation method, an efficient and convenient route, in the acetone-water mixed solvent system with the assistance of oleic acid (capping agent) and n-heptane (oil phase). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were employed to characterize the obtained products, which were 50-100 nm in diameter, 10 μm in length, and with aspect ratio of 100~200. Mechanism analysis shows that oleic acid as capping agent plays an important role in the growth control of nanowires. According to the UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum, the as-prepared α-Bi2O3 nanowires present photo-absorption property from UV light region to visible light range (shorter than 455 nm). The fluorescence spectrum shows broad emission (400~６600 nm).
  • Preparation and performance studies of Fe3O4@SiO2 silicon oil based magnetic fluid
    BAI Le,ZHANG Zhili,XU Longfei,DI Nannan,LI Decai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11103-11107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.018
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    Under normal circumstances, the viscosity of silicone oil varies very little with temperature and exhibits excellent “temperature resistance”. It is the outstanding advantage of silicone oil as a working medium in a special environment. By combining the “temperature resistance” of silicone oil with magnetic fluid, the application field of magnetic fluid can be greatly broadened. The core-shell magnetic particles Fe3O4@SiO2 were prepared by chemical coprecipitation and hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate. In the preparation of magnetic particles, the experimental process was mainly designed and optimized by orthogonal test analysis according to the factors such as the addition sequence of reactants, pH of precursor solution, coating temperature and the amount of coating agent. Then the magnetic particles were coated with silane coupling agent A1120. The coated magnetic particles were dispersed in silicone oil by the dispersion method of ultrasonic dispersion and high energy ball milling to prepare silicone oil based magnetic fluid. By using vibrating sample magnetometer, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and other testing methods, the magnetic particles were characterized and the stability and rheological properties of silicon oil based magnetic fluid were analyzed. The results indicate that core-shell nano-magnetic particles are monodisperse and superparamagnetic with a particle size of 15-20 nm. The silica-based magnetic fluid has a saturation magnetization of2.51×10-2 T and shows excellent stability and viscosity-temperature performance.
  • Simulation and experimental investigation on the tensile properties of nickel-plated punched steel strips
    LIU Fengying,YU Kun,PENG Pengfei,XIA Jiankang,DENG Wei,HOU Qun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11108-11112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.019
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    In this paper, the simulated and experimental methods were applied to study the tensile behavior of nickel-plated punched steel strips. Nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the tensile behavior of two types of nickel-plated punched steel strips named positive-mold products and negative-mold products which were punched by different ways. The tensile force- displacement curves and mechanical properties were acquired. In order to validate the simulated results, tensile experiments were conducted to obtain the maximum force, tensile strength and elongation. The results indicate that the positive-mold products display better ductility and resistance to deformation than the negative ones. The simulated results are close to the experimental ones so that simulation is proved to be an effective method in predicting the mechanical properties of nickel-plated punched steel strips. In addition, simulated results are helpful in explaining the discrepancies of mechanical properties between the two types of nickel-plated punched steel strips.
  • Preparation of Ni, S single doped and co doped TiO2 thin films and study on the protective properties of the photo cathode
    LI Haiying,LIU Zheng,LI Qingwei,HUANG Qiumei,ZHANG Shufen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11113-11120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.020
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    The ion doped TiO2 coating method is combined with another semiconductor oxide method with electronic storage capacity to make Ni and/or S doped TiO2 coatings on carbon steel/Ni-P-SnO2 and carbon steel/Ni-P-WO3 surface. Under the visible light, the photo cathode protective effect of the as-made coatings on the carbon steel was studied. Firstly, Ni or S single doped and Ni-S co-doped films with different molar ratios were prepared on stainless steel substrate. The XRD analysis and photoelectric test have revealed that the optimum sintering temperature was 400 ℃, the optimum number of layers was 3, and the best molar ratios of Ni and S doping were 0.001 and 0.005. Ni and S doped TiO2 coatings were also prepared on the surface of carbon steel/Ni-P-SnO2 and carbon steel/Ni-P-WO3 by film coating technique. Semiconductor SnO2(WO3) with electron storage capacity was introduced, and the protective effect was studied by SEM and XRD. It has been found that the best doping molar ratio of Ni and S and the best co-doping molar ratio of Ni-S showed the best photo cathode protection capability.
  • Synthesis, characterization and photophysical property of bis(2-phenylquinolyl-N,C2’)(acetylacetonate)iridium(Ⅲ)
    YAN Caixian,LI Jie,JIANG Jing,CHEN Jialin,LIU Weiping,CHANG Qiaowen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11121-11126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.021
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    A new chemical process was developed for bulk-synthesis of bis(2-phenylquinolyl-N,C2')(acetylacetonate)Iridium(Ⅲ), an organometallic light-emitting molecule for OLED. The process involved three chemical reactions starting from 2-chloro-quinoline. The reaction of 2-chloro-quinoline with phenylboronic acid, catalyzed by tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, gave rise to 2-phenylquinoline(pq) which was then converted to a chloride-bridged dimer after the reaction with IrCl3·3H2O. The cleavage of the dimer by acetylactone produced a red compound in a 10-20 g batch scale. The yield was more than 95% based on IrCl3·3H2O. The compound was verified, by NMR (1H and 13C), MS and FT-IR along with single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, to be the target molecule bis(2-phenylquinolyl-N,C2’)(acetylacetonate)iridium(Ⅲ). The average Ir—O and Ir—C bond length are 0.21741(18) nm and 0.1983(3) nm, whereas Ir-N bond was measured to be 0.2079(2) nm in length. A strong red-emission band at 600 nm was observed for the compound in ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence absorption spectra.
  • Study on activated carbon modified by beta naphthol and its adsorption properties of cobalt
    LIAO Guilang,ZHENG Jiming,LI Yibing,LIU Jiahui,LU Fengjiao,LI Yuping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11127-11132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.022
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    The activated carbon materials with selective adsorption of cobalt were prepared by using beta naphthol. The characterization results of SEM and FTIR show that because of the swelling effect in activated carbon modification, the particles become coarse and loose, and the functional groups and groups in surface structure are increased. The effects of modification conditions of concentration of beta naphthol, time, and temperature on adsorption property of cobalt were studied. The effects of adsorption time, adsorption temperature and the dosage of activated carbon on the adsorption ratio were investigated. Through fitting the isothermal adsorption model, the adsorption behavior of cobalt of modified activated carbon was studied. The optimizing process of activated carbon modified by beta naphthol and adsorption of cobalt is obtained. The 1-nitroso-2-naphthol solution was mixed by beta naphthol dissolved in sodium hydroxide solution and sodium nitrite with molar ratio of 1∶1. When the concentration of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol solution is 1 mol/L, reaction time is 1.5 h, reaction temperature is 95-100 ℃, and adsorption time is 1 h, the adsorption rate of modified activated carbon reaches 99.7% in neutral solution, the cobalt adsorption equilibrium concentration decreases blow 1 mg/L, and the maximum adsorption quantity is 26.18 mg/g. The adsorption isothermal is in accordance with Langmuir isothermal model and the linear fitting coefficient is 0.99999, which indicating that the adsorption model of modified activated carbon to cobalt mainly depends on monolayer adsorption.
  • Study on thermal oxidation degradation behavior of polypropylene composites by TGA/FT-IR
    LIU Changhua, LIU Weifeng, JIANG Ting, HONG Jing, DENG Xi, HUANG Jin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11133-11137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.023
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    Polypropylene (PP) is a traditional thermoplastic, which has the advantage of excellent mechanical, good crystallinity, easy processing, and cheap price. But its flammable properties hinder its application in more areas. Development of flame retardant PP composites and study of their flame retardant mechanism is one of the key scientific problems in solving flammability of PP. In this paper, the thermal oxidative degradation behavior and flame retardant mechanism of the composites were carefully studied by using thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with FT-IR. The experimental results showed that the thermal stability of PP was not significantly changed by adding modified zirconium phosphonate flame retardant, but the thermal stability of residual carbon layer was improved after PP combustion, and the flammable gas emission rate and the amount of emissions were reduced in the combustion process, especially the toxic and harmful gas emission rate and the amount of emissions. These results fully proved that the modified zirconium phosphonate flame retardant is a green flame retardant.
  • Effect of graphene doping on the microstructure and properties of MgB2 bulk
    JIAO Chunjian,ZHAO Qian, WANG Long
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11138-11140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.024
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    The effect of doping elements on the formation mechanism and the superconducting properties of MgB2 sample have become more and more important for guiding the preparation of high quality MgB2 superconductors. Graphene, as an effective C source, has attracted tremendous attention as dopant in MgB2. In this study, the MgB2 was sintered by doping of grapheme at high temperature. A high-resolution differentialthermal analysis apparatus was employed to sinter the mixture of graphene, Mg and B. The microstructure and properties of MgB2 doped with graphene were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of doping graphene on the critical current density of MgB2 superconductor was also investigated. The results show that the Jc value of MgB2 sample doped with a small amount of graphene is greatly improved under high magnetic field. Compared with other types of carbon doping, the doping effect is positive and can be selected as meaningful dopant.
  • The comparison of common static stiffness theory model of metal rubber
    YU Huijie,XU Yahui,LIU Wenhui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11141-11146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.025
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    Metal rubber appears larger nonlinear stiffness properties, and the size of stiffness is closely related to metal wire diameter, metal spiral coil diameter, relative density and other parameters. In the paper, three metal rubber static stiffness theory models are studied to analyze the scope of the various model’. The theory of medal rubber was demonstrated by an experimental measure. Then, under the comparison of the conclusion of three theoretical models and experimental model, it isfound that using the theory of metal rubber element spring based on helical spring stiffness theory can reflect the minimum error compared with experimental data. So it can more fully reflect the stiffness characteristics of metal rubber and provides the theory basis for the design of the metal rubber damper and the determination of process parameters.
  • Fabrication and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles deposited MoS2 nanoflakes
    FAN Peidong, XIA Hongkun, JI Tianhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11147-11152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.026
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    The ZnO nanoparticle-deposited MoS2 nanoflakes can be fabricated simply through a mixing process between ZnO-nanoparticle suspension and MoS2-nanoflake suspension at room temperature. Such nanocomposite was characterized by various measurement techniques. The results show that the ZnO nanoparticles exhibit six crystalline phases and include two parts: nanorod-like particles mainly with diameter range of 2-9 nm and nanosphere-like particles mainly with diameter range of 3-10 nm. The MoS2 nanoflakes exhibit 2H-type structure as well as monolayer or few layers morphology. For the ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of the MoS2 nanoflakes, the exciton luminescence band at about 510 nm markedly decreases due to electron transform from the ZnO to MoS2. The photocatalytic experiments in Rhodamine B aqueous solution demonstrate that under visible light irradiation, the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite is similar with that of pure MoS2 nanoflakes. Whereas under ultraviolet, the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite is the highest, and after 160 min of irradiation, the photodegradation rate can reach 92%.
  • Preparation and electrochemical performance of activated carbon with high specific surface area
    JIANG Kemao,WU Qilin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11153-11156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.027
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    Walnut shell was used as a raw material to prepare activated carbon with low cost and high surface area at different temperatures (700, 800, 900 ℃) by KOH activation. The surface morphology was observed by SEM. The graphitization degree of activated carbon was studied by XRD and Raman. The pore structure was studied by N2 adsorption/desorption. The experimental results show that the specific surface area of AC-3-800 is up to 2149 m2/g and the average pore size is 1.93 nm. Under the current density of 0.5 A/g, the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is as high as 215 F/g. Supercapacitor shows good cycle stability, which indicates that the activated carbon is an excellent electrode material for supercapacitor.
  • Research on synthesis of antibacterial chitosan guanidine hydrochloride under microwave irradiation
    ZHAO Xue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11157-11160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.028
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    Chitosan guanidine hydrochloride was synthesized by reacting chitosan, thiourea trioxide and hydrochloric acid under microwave irradiation. The influence of reaction temperature, molar ratio of chitosan and thiourea trioxide and microwave heating time on yield and the degree of substitution was studied by orthogonal experimental method, and optimal conditions were identified. The representative microwave synthesized chitosan guanidine hydrochloride was characterized by FT-IR and 13CNMR, taking chitosan as a reference. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan guanidine hydrochloride were measured by means of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). The results show that the microwave irradiation method can increase the reaction rate by six times over the conventional method. Chitosan guanidine hydrochloride is effective of bacteriostasis. Compared with chitosan, chitosan guanidine hydrochloride had much better antibacterial activity.
  • The mechanisms of copper and nickel induced crystallization of amorphous silicon
    CUI Dongqing, JIAN Wei, YU Yunpeng, LIN Shunhui, WANG Jiangyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11161-11167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.029
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    The mechanisms of copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni) induced crystallization of amorphous silicon are studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Raman spectrometer upon annealing Cu/a-Si and Ni/a-Si bi-layered samples. The samples are prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and magnetron sputtering. The experimental results show that, upon annealing, metal silicide is formed and followed by the crystallization of amorphous silicon when the temperature increases to a certain value. The mechanisms of Cu and Ni induced crystallization of amorphous silicon and the role of metal silicide are studied by the interfacial thermodynamics.
    • Process & Technology
  • Influence of addition of ATBC on the preparation and properties of PLA/PCL filaments for FDM 3D printing
    LIU Wenjie,ZHOU Jianping,LI Yongsheng,WANG Jie,XU Jie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11168-11173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.030
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    In this paper, PLA (Polylactic acid)/PCL(Polycaprolactone) blends were prepared by melt blending method with acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as the compatibilizer. Filaments of PLA/PCL blends for FDM 3D printing technique were then prepared by micro extruder, and the effects of ATBC content on the filaments’ diameter, surface roughness, ultimate tensile stress, compatibility, together with the water absorption and mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts, were studied. The results show that the diameter, surface roughness and the tensile strength of the filaments of PLA/PCL blends gradually decreases with the increase of ATBC content, and the compatibility of the filaments was improved. The water absorption and tensile strength is reduced, but the impact performance is effectively improved. The breaking elongation of the printed parts can reach 94.6%, and the impact strength reaches 10.5 kJ/m2 when the amount of ATBC relative to PLA/PCL blends is 6%.
  • Micro-morphology evolution of polyphenylene sulfide textured by pulsed ultraviolet laser
    CHEN Ting,ZHENG Jiayi,DU Qifeng,LIU Jianguo,ZENG Xiaoyan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11174-11178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.031
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    In order to broaden the application of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), the surface modification of PPS was performed by a 355 nm-wavelength nanosecond pulsed ultraviolet laser in this paper. Two main parameters including laser fluence (LF) and spot overlap percentage (SOP) were selected to explore the surface micro-morphology evolution of PPS after laser texturing. It was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and surface probe profilometer. The results showed that with the increase of the LFs (keeping the SOP constant), the interaction between the UV laser and PPS transferred from photochemical effect (when the LF is low) to synergistic effect of photochemical and photothermal (when the LF is high), and the micro-morphology gradually evolved from porous microstructure to molten microstructure. Meanwhile, surface roughness firstly increased, then decreased, and finally showed a tendency to increase continuously. It was also found that the effect of horizontal and vertical SOP on surface micro-morphology was different. If the LF was kept constant, with the increase of the horizontal SOPs (keeping the vertical SOP constant), grooves microstructure gradually appeared on the surface. On the other hand, with the increase of the vertical SOPs (keeping the horizontal SOP constant), more and more molten masses were generated to cover the microwells and grooves.
  • Cultivation and application of microalgae on TiO2 nanotube arrays surface
    LI Yanqing,MU Man,ZHANG Shenghan,XU Peiyao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11179-11181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.032
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    This paper discussed TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated on the surface of metal Ti foils by anodic oxidation. Experimental algae species were synechocystis, anabaena and LKG. By controlling the amount of inoculums and culture conditions, the growth of three microalgae on the surface of TiO2 nanotube arrays were achieved. Solar cells were made up photo anodes, cathode material and electrolyte. The TiO2 foils attached to three microalgae were prepared into photo anodes called loaded electrodes. Then photo current value of loaded electrodes were determined. The result shows that photocurrent of loaded electrode is increased, up to more than 3 times than unloaded.
  • Preparation technology of magnetic cobalt nanowires under an external magnetic field
    SUN Lijuan,LIAO Li,LI Xiaoyu,XU Zhiqiang,XIE Kenan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11182-11186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.033
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    Cobalt nanowires were prepared by liquid phase reduction method with template-free in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field, during which chloroplatinic acid was used to act as the nucleating agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used to serve as the surfactant. The effect of different temperature, pH value and magnetic field on the morphology of cobalt nanowires was investigated. The resultant cobalt nanowires were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The SEM images showed that the prepared cobalt nanowires under 80 ℃, a pH of 14 and the magnetic induction intensity of 40 mT possessed a uniform linear morphology and smooth surface. The average diameter of the synthesized cobalt nanowires was about 100 nm. XRD and EDS patterns indicated that the prepared products were cobalt nanowires. The hysteresis loop suggested that the synthesized cobalt nanowires were ferromagnetic at room temperature. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and the coercivity (Hc) of the cobalt nanowires were 112.00 A·m2/kg and 2.8×104 A/m, respectively.
  • Synthesis and properties of Ni/Al-LDHs/Ni film by electrochemical oxidation of nickel template
    DU Baozhong,ZHANG Qianlan,WANG Miaojuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11187-11191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.034
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    Ni2+ and Al3+ were respectively prepared by electrochemical anodic oxidation of nickel oxide template and aluminum sheet, and Ni/Al-NO3-LDHs/Ni film was prepared by in-situ growth in NH4NO3 solution. P-toluene sulfonic acid/LDHs composite films were prepared by introducing p-toluene sulfonic anions into the Ni/Al-NO3-LDHs/Ni layers with ion exchange method in weak alkaline conditions. The process conditions were optimized. The structure and morphology of the film were characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The results showed that p-toluene sulfonic anions were successfully intercalated into LDHs layers with the layer spacing increased from 0.701 to 1.216 nm. The characteristic peak of NO3- ion at 1 384 cm-1 disappeared while a new peak for p-toluene sulfonic anion appeared. SEM images showed that LDHs film grown vertically on Ni substrate. Electrochemical corrosion and UV-Vis analysis showed that LDHs/Ni film had good corrosion resistance and excellent UV blocking properties.
  • Preparation and characterization of uniform ultramicroporous activated carbon from semi-coke
    ZHANG Jingcan,ZHANG Chuntao,ZHAO Sheku,ZHAN Wei,TONG Shitang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11192-11196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.035
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    Ultramicroporous activated carbon can be prepared by controlling pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere with a mixture of water vapor after impregnated at room temperature by 5%-15wt% KOH with KNO3 as the oxidant. An orthogonal design was employed to analyze the effect of activation temperature, activation time, KOH impregnation concentration, impregnation time on the iodine adsorption value of the resulting activated carbons. The optimized conditions were obtained at the activation temperature of 900 ℃, activation time of 1 h, KOH concentration of 15% and impregnation time of 24 h. The results indicated that the iodine sorption value of the optimum sample was 840 mg/g, BET surface area was 725 m2/g, and medium pore diameter was 0.489 nm. Microporous entrance space contributions accounted for 70.8% of total pore volume and the maximum adsorbing capacity of hydrogen was 76.85 cm3/g. The samples were given priority to ultramicropores, whose pore diameters are mainly distributed in between 0.45-0.52 nm. Ultramicropores had the concentrated distribution, so the sample can be used in the separation of mixture gas.
  • Thermoelectric properties of Cu2S synthesized by hydrothermal method
    ZHANG Qinqin,WANG Wei,XIE Shuhong,YAN Yanci,PENG Kunling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11197-11203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.036
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    Cu2S powders were synthesized successfully by hydrothermal method. The effects of synthesis temperature, the content of surfactants on the morphology and thermoelectric performance of Cu2S were studied. The crystalline structure and morphology of the Cu2S powders were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope. Then Cu2S powder was pressed into bulk materials by spark plasma sintering technique (SPS), and the thermoelectric properties of the bulk materials were measured by the laser flash method and the Seebeck coefficient/resistance measurement system. The experimental results show that the Cu2S powder with submicron size is composed of nanocrystalline grains and the average grain size synthesized at 180 ℃ is smaller than that of 160 ℃. Adding proper amount of surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate can reduce the grain size of Cu2S powder effectively, while proper amount of ethylene glycol is beneficial to form the flake shape Cu2S powder. The Seebeck coefficients of the three bulk samples are positive, indicating that Cu2S is p-type thermoelectric material. Thermoelectric properties of Cu2S powders synthesized with surfactants are better than that of without surfactant, and Cu2S sample synthesized with adding 0.5 g sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate has the minimum average grain size and shows good thermoelectric properties, whose thermoelectric figure of merit is 0.69 at 873 K.
  • Preparation and characterization of single-phase 3D flower-like SnS2 nanostructures for anode material
    PENG Xi,CHEN Xiujuan,ZHANG Juan,Li Yusheng,ZHANG Penglin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11204-11209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.037
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this paper, 3D flower-like SnS2 nanostructure was synthesized by solvothermal method with SnCl2·2H2O, thioacetamide (TAA) and ethanol as starting materials. The as-prepared SnS2 was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicate that 3D flower-like SnS2 nanostructure is single-phase SnS2 and the crystal structure is hexagonal. The structure is assembled from petal-like nanosheets with thickness of about 20-30 nm. The diameter of this structure is about 8 μm. The interplanar spacing of ｛100｝ crystal planes is 0.31 nm. The formation mechanism of 3D flower-like SnS2 nanostructure was discussed. Electrochemical testing of the surface-modified samples shows that as anode materials of rechargeable Li-ion batteries, the as-prepared flower-like SnS2 nanostructure revealed a higher initial discharge specific capacity of 1598 mAh/g and reversible capacity of 656 mAh/g in 0.01-1.2 V voltage and 0.15 C rate, respectively. After 50 cycles, at 0.15 C, the specific capacities retain 572 mAh/g and capacity retention rate reaches 87.2%.
  • Effect of carbon source on the preparation of WC-CO composite powders by spray conversion process
    WANG Zhonghua,GAO Pengzhe,SHANG Genfeng, WU Jie,YANG Jiangao,LV Jian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11210-11215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.038
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    In this paper, ultrafine WC-Co composite powders were prepared by in situ reduction of the carbonation in N2 atmosphere, with ammonium tungstate acid, cobalt acetate, organic carbon or precursor powder of carbon black by spray drying as raw materials. The phase-change of reduction-carbonization process was studied by DSC. Phase constitution was determined by using x-ray diffractometer. Morphology of the final products before and after etch was observed by using SEM. Particle size distribution of the final products before and after etch was analyzed by nano measurer. Results showed that the different carbon sources of powders can be reduced at temperatures below 900 ℃. The reduction temperature of organic carbon source is lower than the temperature of carbon black. At 950 ℃, composite powders using carbon black as carbon source need long time to prepare WC-Co composite powders. The obtained grains are large and the grain size of WC is 0.29μm. The secondary particles of the WC-Co composite powders are composed of metal cobalt bonding fine tungsten carbide grains. However, the grains of WC-Co composite powders prepared with organic carbon as carbon source are small and uniform. The grain size of WC is 0.16 μm. The sintering neck is formed between tungsten carbide and tungsten carbide, which cannot be undermined by phosphoric acid etch.
  • Preparation and corrosion resistance of hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium alloy by electrochemical deposition
    HUA Shuai, TAO Qingshuang, GUO Yaxin, LIU Xiaoping, FAN Ailan, TANG Bin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2017, 48(11): 11216-11220. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2017.11.039
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    Uniform hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was prepared on the surface of magnesium alloy by electrochemical deposition and hydrothermal synthesis. The microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The element composition of the coatings was analyzed by EDS. The phase composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the electrochemical properties of the coating were investigated in SBF. The results show that compared with the HA coating prepared by constant current deposition, the coating prepared by pulse current deposition was more uniform and dense. Compared with the corrosion current density of magnesium alloy (8.407×10-4 A/cm2), the layers prepared by constant current (2.780×10-5 A/cm2) and pulse current (5.582×10-7 A/cm2) perform better corrosion resistance.HA coatings on magnesium alloy can effectively decrease the degradation rate of magnesium alloy, thus magnesium alloy with HA coatings can be further applied in orthopedic implants.
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