30 August 2016, Volume 47 Issue 8

    

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Focuses& Concerns
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  Graphene-containing composite materials for heavy metal ions adsorption

  CAO Mingli, ZHANG Huixia, ZHANG Cong, SHENG Zhibo

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8001-8007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.001

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  Contamination of natural water with heavy metal ions is a significant global issue. Therefore, it becomes particularly important to look for a kind of efficient nanometer materials to remove heavy metals in the water.As a new member of the carbon materials, graphene has become a rapidly rising star on the horizon ofmaterials science. Due to its large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, chemical stability and so on, graphene (GN) has broad application prospect in field-effect transistors, catalysis, drug delivery and other areas. Importantly, it could be used as an ideal adsorbent candidate for water purification, which has been attracting significant attention in recent years. This paper gives an overview of recent literatures for the application of graphene-containing compositesin heavy metal ions removal from wastewater. The adsorption capacity, adsorption mechanism, the factors affecting adsorption and recycling performance of graphene-based materials for heavy metal ions are also introduced. In the end, the challenges of research of graphene-based materials are commented on the application prospects in water treatment are discussed.
  
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  Preparation and anti-icing properties of flexible addition-cured
  silicone rubber coating

  GUAN Dongbo, CAI Zhongyi, ZHANG Jitang, QIU Xiaoming, DOU Yanli

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8008-8012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.002

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  There are four different kinds of coatings was prepared and the shear stresses of ice detachment were tested,the sample A has a high contact angle,but with increasing icing/deicing cycles times, the contact angle decreases and shear stresses of ice detachment increases gradually, while sample B, C, D coatings changes little. But the sample B with low shear stress of ice detachment. Vinyl terminated trifluoropropylmethylsiloxan,dimethylsiloxane copolymer(VTTS) was added into sample B coating formula,we find that it has higher the contact angle and low shear stress of ice detachment when its content is ω(VTTS)=20%. At last,we tested the shear stress of ice detachment for it, with the prolong of frozen time and the decreases of frozen temperature, the shear stresses of ice detachment increase gradually, we give the better de-icing time and temperature at the end of the paper.
  
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  Interface interaction and degradation mechanism of
  scutellaria baicalensis georgi extracts/PBS composites

  SONG Jie,ZHANG Min,LONG Xueli, XU Xiaoling,MA Xiaoyan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8013-8019. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.003

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  Extracted dyeing ingredients from Scutellaria baicalensis georgi, and compounded with biodegradable materials poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), the scutellaria baicalensis georgi extracts/PBS composites were prepared. By XPS, FT-IR analysis and molecular simulation the interface interaction was revealed. The effects of adding the extracts on the hydrophilicity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were studied. With simulating natural degradation and field degradation, the degradation mechanism of the composites was investigated. The results show that the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts made the hydrophilic of the composites reinforced. The XPS, FT-IR spectra and molecular simulation demonstrated the extracts and PBS formed CO…H—O, and made the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites maintained or improved. As small molecules, Scutellaria baicalensis georgi extracts could easy be attacked and formed holes inside of the composites, so that the composites degradation rate increases.
  
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  Density functional theory of anode in sodium-ion batteries

  YANG Shaobin,LI Sinan,SUN Wen,DONG Wei,SHEN Ding

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8020-8030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.004

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  In recent years, increasing researches of theoretical calculation and experimental about the sodium ion battery, the application of the first principle calculation and the results have attracted enormous interest of researchers. The density functional theory of anode materials in sodium-ion batteries has been reviewed in this paper, mainly including structure models of the anode materials, electrode potential or average voltage, reversible capacity, structure expansion and elasticity, existence state of sodium, behavior of ion diffusion and electronic conductivity. With the development of the density functional theory, a systematic explanation of reversible sodium storage behavior of the electrode materials will be given and a significant role will be played in design of structure and composition for the new materials.
  
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  Investigation of the adsorption performance of CO₂ with MEA and
  DEA modified SBA-15 by impregnation method

  CHEN Hongwei, SUN Wei, ZHANG Ze, LI Fan, LI Yan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8031-8034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.005

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  To gathering the CO₂ more efficiently, the impregnation method was imported to load the MEA and DEA to the pores of SBA-15. The adsorption performance of CO₂ was studied before and after the SBA-15 modification. A detailed analysis of the adsorption capacity under different temperature was made. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low temperature N₂ adsorption-desorption (BET), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that the MEA, DEA were loaded into the SBA-15’s channels, and there is no destruction of the mesoporous structure. The adsorption performance has been increased obviously when the SBA-15 is modified by MEA/DEA. And the maximum adsorption capacity has been improved by 51% and 75% respectively.
Review & Advance
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  Recent new development status of modification of graphene and its
  application in electrochemical detection

  WAN Hongli, WAN Li, WANG Xianbao, LV Meijiao, WANG Shimin

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8035-8042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.006

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  This article has introduced some basic properties of graphene. It summarizes the surface modification of graphene and its application in the electrochemical detection. This is followed by the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of different modifying methods. In addition, the comparison between the detection methods using graphene and the traditional methods is also included. The future development of the graphene is also provided.
  
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  Lithium storage mechanism and progress in electrochemical modification
  of silicon as anode materials

  LIANG Chu, ZHOU Luoting, XIA Yang, HUANG Hui, TAO Xinyong,

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8043-8049. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.007

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  Silicon is considered as one of the most promising anode materials for the next-generation lithium ion batteries because of its huge specific capacity for lithium storage. The electrochemical characterization and lithium storage mechanism of silicon are systematically summarized in this paper. We also discuss the main problems in the silicon anode materials and the corresponding reasons for these problems. The recent progress in improving the electrochemical properties of silicon is reviewed in terms of controlling pulverization of silicon in the lithiation/delithiation process, constructing the stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and enhancing the conductivity of silicon. The future direction for silicon as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries is outlined as well.
  
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  The application and progress of the conducting polymers in
  LiFePO₄ cathode material

  HOU Chunping, MA Yong, DONG Xiangzhi, ZHANG Qiuyu

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8050-8057. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.008

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  In this paper, the recent research progress of coating and doping modification of LiFePO₄ with conducting polymers was reviewed, including modification and mechanism of polyaniline(PANI), polypyrrole(PPy), polythiophene(PTh), and so on. Furthermore, some problems of modification and coating with conducting polymers were summarized, and the development prospect for modification of LiFePO₄/conducting polymers were proposed.
  
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  The application and development foreground of polyvinylidene fluoride
  (PVDF) and its composite nanofibers by electrospinning

  ZHU Danhua, WANG Wenli, LI Zhiping, YU Kunming, CHEN Jing

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8058-8063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.009

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  Polyvinylidene fluoride has been widely used in many areas because of its high mechanical strength, radiation resistance and nice chemical stability. PVDF nanofibers will have more excellent performance when the scale of PVDF is nanometer. Electrospinning is a simple and effective method to weave nanofibers. At present, electrospinning has successfully weaved kinds of nanofibers and composite nanofibers. This paper summarized the application situation of PVDF and its composite nanofibers by electrospinning when they were used in medicine, environmental engineering, electrical and textile fields. Pointing out the problems of nanofibers during use and their development foreground were discussed.
  
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  Recent progress on toughening of tungsten-based materials
  as plasma facing materials

  HE Pei,YAO Weizhi, LV Jianming, ZHANG Xiangdong

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8064-8067. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.010

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  Pure tungsten and tungsten-based materials are promising candidates as plasma facing materials in fusion application due to their high melting point, good thermal conductivity, low vapor pressure, low sputter rates and low radioactivity. However, the intrinsic brittleness is considered as the main restricting factor for tungsten-based materials and draws the major focus of the international fusion materials community. This paper reviews recent progress of three main strategies on toughening of tungsten-based materials: alloying, dispersion strengthening and composite. Presently only Rehnium addition is known to improve tungsten fracture properties by alloying. Proper mechanical working/treatment decreases ductile-brittle transition temperature of dispersion strengthened tungsten alloys. The ductile-brittle transition temperature of tungsten foil laminates by brazing is decreased to 150 ℃.
  
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  The progress of organic molecular nanolayers ascopper diffusion barriers,
  part 1: organic molecular nanolayers

  WANG Yabin, LIU Zhong, LI Wu, DONG Yapin, HUANG Yudong

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8068-8073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.011

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  Inorganic materials are currently used as interfacial barriers, such as Ta and TaN. These materials cannot form uniform and continuous layers below 3 nm thickness, especially in high depth-to-width aspect ratio features. Organic molecular nanolayers (MNLs) are composed of short organic chains and terminated with desired functional groups, and attractive for modifying surface properties for a variety of applications. For example, MNLs are used as lubricants, in nanolithography, and for corrosion protection. In this paper, the basic requirements for MNLs as copper diffusion barriers were introduced. The various kinds of molecules, which are applied to fabricate the corresponding MNLs, were reviewed; their interaction mechanism were analyzed and discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we have prospected the research interests and summarized the progress of this subject in China.
  
Research & Development
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  Vibration-based energy harvesting with polypropylene

  WU Liming, ZHANG Xiaoqing

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8074-8078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.012

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  Cellular polypropylene (PP) films were rendered piezoelectric after pressed gas expansion treatment and proper polarization, and applied in vibration energy harvesters. The results show that Young’s modulus in thickness direction determined from dielectric resonance spectra, and the figure of merit FOM (d₃₃·g₃₃) are 1.7 MPa and 8.4 GPa^-1, respectively. For a PP film sample with a quasi-static piezoelectric d₃₃ coefficient of 280 pC/N, area of 3.14 cm², and capacitance of 59 pF at 1 000 Hz, a normalized output power of 16.9 μW/g² was obtained under conditions of a seismic mass of 57.7 g, a matched load resistance of 2.4 MΩ, and a resonance frequency of 1 800 Hz. Two pieces of PP films were in electrical series, the capacitance is 25.4 pF in total. The output power of 15 μW/g² was obtained with an area of 3.14 cm², a seismic mass of 33.7 g and a matched load resistance of 4.3 MΩ. The piezoelectrets based energy harvesters may be used to power low-power electronics.
  
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  Strength development of alkali-activated slag concrete (AASC)
  by the addition of calcium hydroxide

  ZHU Xiaohong,ZHENG Yujia,ZHANG Fan, YANG Kai, YANG Changhui

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8079-8083. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.013

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  This paper presents the strength development of alkali-activated slag concrete with different water to binder ratio by the addition of Ca(OH)₂ equally replacement of slag. Hydration heat test, porosity and sorptivity, XRD analyses were carried out to explain the reasons of the effect of Ca(OH)₂ on the strength development of AASC. By the addition of Ca(OH)₂, the hydration process was accelerated that is the main reason of rapid early strength development, while the decrease of porosity and sorptivty indicated the pore structure was modified. In addition, more calcium-rich hydration products were detected by the analysed of XRD pattern and C₄AH₁₃ was found at the same time.
  
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  Microstructure and properties of surface nanostructured layer
  of 304 stainless steel

  HAN Yuejiao, HAN Jing, ZHANG Xumei, ZHAO Junwen,
  HUANG Xingmin, DAI Guangze

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8084-8088. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.014

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  Surface nanocrystalline was obtained by means of surface mechanical attrition technology (SMAT) on the 304 stainless steel.The microstructure of stainless steel was characterized by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microhardness tester. Thermal stability of the surface microstructure was studied by annealing at different temperatures.The results show that:the plastic deformation layer of 436 μm is obtained after SMAT,and the the grain size of surface is about 80 nm. Deformation-induced martensitic transformation occurs in the SMAT process. Grain refinement of surface significantly improves microhardness.The surface structure has good stability when the annealing temperature is under 550 ℃,while grains grow significantly when the annealing temperature exceeds 600 ℃.
  
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  Preparation of ZnO/Cu multilayer films and study on the performance
  of electromagnetic shielding

  SHENG Chengcheng,XU Yang, WEI Qufu

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8089-8093. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.015

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  Nanostructure copper single-layer film and ZnO/Cu multilayer films deposited on the surface of polyester fiber spunlaced nonwovens by magnetron sputtering method. The surface morphology of thin film is analysed by Atomic Force Microscope(AFM). The electrical properties of the sample is tested by four-probe tester and vector network analyzer. Experimental results show that the uniformity and electrical performance of the copper film deposited on the ZnO thin film surface are better than coated on the PET fabric surface. With the same copper deposition time and when the zinc oxide deposition time is increased, the electrical performance of multilayer films ZnO/Cu increase and then decrease. When the zinc oxide deposition time is 20 min, the electrical performance of multilayer films achieve the best one. With the same zinc oxide deposition time and when copper deposition time is increased, the electrical performance and the uniformity of the particles on the surface fabric of multilayer films of ZnO/Cu has experienced the process that first improve and finally tends to be stable. The maximum average shielding effectiveness has reached to 56 dB.
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  Effect of gas phase pressure on phase equilibrium and
  phase stability of Co-Ni-Sb ternary thermoelectric material system

  ZHANG Yubi,LI Changrong,DU Zhenmin,GUO Cuiping,ZHAO Yongtao, TANG An

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8094-8103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.016

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  According to the assessed and optimized thermodynamic parameters of the condensed phases and those of the gas-phase constituents of the Co-Ni-Sb ternary system, the effect of the gas-phase pressure on the phase equilibria and the phase stability of the binary and ternary systems were analyzed thermodynamically. The results show that the compounds of the Co-Ni, Co-Sb, Ni-Sb and Co-Ni-Sb systems start to pyrolyze when the gas-phase pressure decreases to a certain degree, and the gas-liquid-solid three-phase equilibrium zones appear. The calculated temperature-pressure diagrams (T-P diagram) of the compounds show that each compound has a critical minimum pressure value corresponding to a temperature values for its pyrolysis. Above the minimum pressure or below the temperature, the compound phase can keep the same phase relations as those at the atmosphere pressure. Through the determination of 1 073 K isothermal-section of the Co-Ni-Sb ternary system in vacuum condition by the three ternary diffusion couple Ni/ηCoSb₃, the calculated Co-Ni-Sb phase equilibria relations is tested and verified at 1 073 K. The research results supply with the thermodynamical reference for the preparation process design of the ηCoSb₃ skutterudite compound containing Ni.
  
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  Effect of Sr modification on structures and properties of ADC12

  XIONG Junjie, YAN Hong, JIE Xiaoping

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8104-8108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.017

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  Microstructures and mechanical properties of ADC12 alloy with different Sr additions were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis in this article. The experiment results show that the addition of Sr not only caused a depression of eutectic temperature but also improved microstructure and property of the alloy. α-Al and eutectic silicon phases could be refined significantly when 0.05wt% Sr was added to the alloy. And it was found that Sr was capable of breaking down the primary α-A1 phases, giving rise to an increment in the number of crystalline grains, the morphology of crystalline grains became mainly near-spherical shape, the size was tended to be finer, the morphology of eutectic silicon phases was fibrous. under the circumstance, comprehensive mechanical properties of ADC12 alloy were better, the tensile strength and elongation reached 269.54 MPa and 3.21% respectively, increased by 47.48% and 65.46% than those of the matrix respectively, and cleavage surfaces of the alloy were lessened, the dimples were increased in quantity, diminished in size, deepened in the morphology, the characteristic of ductile fracture was obvious.
  
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  Effects of PFI refining on properties of MFC and nanofiber
  paper-based materials

  XIU Huijuan, LI Jinbao, YANG Guoxin, QIANG Dandan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8109-8113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.018

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  Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC), a kind of new cellulose fiber material with one dimensional nanometer, shows a good application future. Nevertheless, there are problems with the size distribution and the degree of fibril homogeneity of industrialized MFC products, which influence its utilization. The PFI refining was applied for MFC to post-treatment in this study. The results showed that the uniformity of MFC was significantly improved by PFI refining, the component with the length less than 200 μm can reach to 92.3% and the average length was 42 μm when the revolution of PFI was 20 000r. Higher performance of paper-based materials can be prepared by post-processing MFC with PFI refining, the tightness and transparency of paper-based materials can be increased by 66.13% and 40.26%, respectively, the absorbency can be declined by 45.83% with the revolution of 60 000r. The highest growth of tear and tensile index can be increased by 268.03% (10 000r) and 90.41% (20 000r), respectively.
  
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  Effect of the element of Al in electrode on microstructure and mechanical
  properties of X80 pipeline steel welding joints

  HUANG Bensheng, CHEN Peng,LU Jie

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8114-8119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.019

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  In this study, an independent development electrode was developed to weld X80 pipeline steel. Moreover, the chemical composition and microstructure of welded seam was analyzed by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and Optical Microscope (OM). Hardness test, tensile test and impact test were also chosen to check the mechanical properties of welded joints. Electrochemical experiment test and immersion test were investigated to research the effect of the content of Al on resistance sulfur corrosion of the X80 pipeline steel welded seam, within the sulfur-bearing environment. The results show that, as addition of the content of Al in coating less than 8%, the content of Al in welded seam is improved and the hardness and the tensile strength are also increased, but the impact toughness and the resistance sulfur corrosion are enhanced first and then reduced, besides, the corrosion product film morphology changes obviously.
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  Preparation and characterization of rFN/CDH nano-mimic periosteum

  YANG Xiaozhan, LI Zhensheng

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8120-8123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.020

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  The periosteum plays an important role in bone regeneration and bone repair. In this study, we created a novel, double-layered, periosteum-mimetic, in vitro. The outer periosteal layer was prepared by using high molecular weight chitosan, while the inner layer was made from a combination of low molecular weight chitosan and rFN/CDH protein. The SEM photos revealed that both the inner and outer layers have the similar structure of the ECM which is porous. The SEM also showed that the diameter of the outer and inner layer fibers were (623±47) nm and (390±53) nm respectively. Analysis of the contact angles revealed that the surface energy of the inner layer was higher than that of the outer layer. Moreover, in simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking experiments the degradation rate of the inner layer was significantly greater than the outer layer. The results of cells culture revealed that the rFN/CDH protein can obviously promote proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, these results indicate that this novel periosteum-mimetic may possess some functions of natural periosteum, such as promoting bone regeneration and creating a space for bone repair.
  
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  Effect of Sr and Ca compound alloying on oxidation weight
  gain of the AZ31 magnesium alloy

  FENG Zhongxue, SHI Qingnan, WANG Xiaoqi, CHEN Liangwei, XU Zhichao,
  DONG Jialiang, YANG Yingxiang

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8124-8127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.021

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  In this paper, the oxidation weight gains of the AZ31 with different contents of Sr and Ca have been analyzed by the differential scanning calorimeters (DSC) during the melting and solidification process. The results show that the AZ31 weights are increasing when the temperature get to 100 ℃ and the oxidation rates are remarkably increasing at 550 ℃. The oxidation weight ratios are as high as 1.75% in the molten situation. However, when the contents of Sr and Ca change to 0.3wt% and 0.6wt% the oxidation rate is remarkably increasing at 670 ℃,and the oxidation weight ratio is only 0.35%. It concludes that the added Sr and Ca are beneficial to reduce to the oxidation rate of the AZ31. The reasons are that the density of the oxide film produced by the reaction among Sr, Ca and O₂ prevent the oxidation weight gain continuously increasing. On the other side, the increasing stability of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase is beneficial to reduce the oxidation rate when the Sr and Ca compound added.
  
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  Dual emission fluorescent probefor the detection of F^-

  ZHANG Zhiqiu, ZHANG Jimei, ZHANG Kun, MA Qingyun

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8128-8132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.022

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  The AuNPs were first synthesized by turkevich-frens method and SiO₂ fluorescent microspheres modified Zn doped CdTe QDs (CdTe∶Zn) were prepared using Stber process. Next, we built fluorescent probes using AuNPs and fluorescent microspheres. Because of the ability to restore the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent probes, the F^- ion could be detected by such probes. At the same time, the fluorescence intensity might be influenced by pH value and equilibrium time in the detect process. The results showed that fluorescent probes have good anti-interference and detection limit was as low as 149 nmol/L in HEPES buffer solution at pH=7.0.
  
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  Influence factors analysis of epoxy modified the air dry
  waterborne alkyd resin

  YUAN Teng,ZHOU Chuang,ZHOU Jian, HUANG Jiajian,
  TU Weiping,YANG Zhuohong

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8133-8138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.023

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  This research adopts the linseed oil, glycerine, phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride as raw materials based alkyd resin synthesis, and in middle and later periods of the esterification reaction of epoxy resin, using alkyd resin molecular end carboxyl and the reaction of epoxy groups of modified alkyd resin. The higher the molecular weight of epoxy resin, the smaller the solubility in the solvent, mixed with alkyd resin soluble the worse; alkyd resin, the lower the acid value, and the miscibility of epoxy resin, the epoxy resin modified alkyd resin, relatively narrow molecular weight distribution, and the proportion of large molecular weight components significantly increased, prove that really played an increase alkyd resin epoxy resin molecular weight and improve the coating performance. Choose medium molecular weight of epoxy resin E-20, amount to about 90% of the theoretical calculation value, the mass fraction of 19%, the best feeding time is 35-40 mg KOH/g, at this time of epoxy resin and alkyd resin mix good solubility, high degree of response, product basic transparency, viscosity is appropriate.
  
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  Phase structure and electrical properties of
  (1-x)BaTiO₃-xAg_0.9Li_0.1NbO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

  NING Haixia,WU Lang

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8139-8142. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.024

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  Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics(1-x)BaTiO₃-xAg_0.9Li_0.1NbO₃ (BT-xALN, 0.005≤x≤0.04) were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction. The influence of the ALN content on the microstructure, phase structure, and electrical properties of the BT-xALN ceramics were investigated. The grain size of the BT-xALN ceramics decreases with increasing x. The ceramics show pure perovskite structure for x≤0.02, suggesting that ALN has diffused into BT lattice to form solid solution. Two-phase coexistance between tetragonal and pseudo-cubic phases was found for x=0.01-0.02. As x increases, both d₃₃ and ε_r increase initially and then decrease with increasing x. For x=0.0075, the piezoelectric constant of the sample exhibits the maximum, d₃₃ about 115 pC/N. The dielectric constant (ε_r) shows the maximum value (about 3 880) for x=0.025. The remanent polarization (P_r) reduces slightly with increasing x. Moreover, the Curie temperature of the ceramics decreases with the addition of ALN.
  
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  Study on adsorption of zearalenone by hydroxy-Fe
  intercalated montmorillonite

  FANG Shengqiong,WENG Hongping,LI Xiao,PAN Jin,PAN Wenbin

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8143-8148. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.025

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  Adsorption of zearalenone (ZEA) by hydroxyl-Fe intercalated montmorillonite (OH/Fe-Mont) was investigated, at the same time, the adsorption materials were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR instrument. Main conclusions of this work were drawn as follows: (1) The adsorption capacity of OH/Fe-Mont to ZEA was much higher than that of K10-Mont. When the molar ratio of OH/Fe was 1.5, the adsorption capacity of OH/Fe-Mont to ZEA reaches the maximum (0.283 mg/g), which was 5 times of that of the K10-Mont(0.054 mg/g). The result of XRD analysis shows that the d₀₀₁ of hydroxyl-Fe intercalated montmorillonite increased after modification. The increment of interlayer space of montmorillonite made the adsorption amount increase. (2) Freundlich model could well fit the adsorption isotherms of zearalenone by both OH/Fe-Mont and K10-Mont. FT-IR analysis shows that cationic exchange was the dominant mechanism for ZEA entering montmorillonite interlayer. (3) For sorption of Zearalenone by both OH/Fe-Mont and K10-Mont, the optimum adsorption conditions of pH was 8, the optimum temperature was 35 ℃. (4) A pseudo-second-order kinetic model could well fit the data, the correlation coefficient (R²) of two adsorbents were more than 0.99. Both initial rate and equilibrium adsorption amount of 1.5OH/Fe-Mont were higher than the K10-Mont.
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  A study of in situ generated carbon as additive for
  negative plate of lead-acid battery and its electrochemical performance

  YUN Liang,LIU Zheng,ZHAO Yong,YANG Hongbin,XIE Shuai

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8149-8156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.026

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  In this paper, we use sisal fiber and binders, extenders, the hydrogen evolution inhibitor anointed,in situ synthesis method to synthesize anode-composite lead-carbon batteries.SEM, XRD, BET and RM were used to characterize and analyze the morphology, structure, composition, stability of carbon materials. We mix the negative composite material electrode with a conductive agent to produce pastel.Pb-C analog battery was assembled.We use electrochemical workstation to test chronoamperometry curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy so as to evaluate the possibility of in situ synthesis anode composite material and its potential value of practical application.Electrochemical testing results show that the negative plate,which was made by anode composite carbon material as the carbon source of in situ synthesis of sisal fiber.Possesses better electrochemical performance and smaller resistance.Its’ specific capacitance of cyclic voltammograms test was 0.523 F/g.
  
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  The study on the structures and properties of poly-propylene
  reinforced poly(meth)acrylate oilabsorptive fiber
  prepared via in-situ reactive compatibilization

  MA Yan,XU Naiku,FENG Yan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8157-8163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.027

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  In order to research the oil-absorptive properties of the prepared fiber, a mixture was prepared in a high speed disintegrator when the copolymer of butyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate synthesized via suspension polymerization and polypropylene were used as matrix polymer and enhanced component, respectively, and the mixture was subsequently mixed with the solution of butyl acrylate and benzoyl peroxide. Thereafter the mixture was fed into a twin screw extruder, and oil-absorptive fiber was prepared via reactive extrusion and melt spinning under the guidance of the mechanism of in-situ reactive compatibilization. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyzer were used to analyze its structure and properties. The results showed that the prepared fiber could absorb oils such as motor oil, pump oil, vegetable oil, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Additionally, a graft copolymer is in-situ generated from butyl acrylate during reactive extrusion, and the graft copolymer acts as a compatibilizer to make polypropylene compatible with the copolymer of butyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate to a certain extent.
  
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  Studies on the structure and photocatalytic activity of
  WO₃ thin films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering

  ZHU Hailing,TANG Yanyan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8164-8168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.028

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  WO₃ thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering on the quartz substrate, and the structure and properties of WO₃ thin films were studied at different DC-sputtering parameters. Different phase structures of the WO₃ thin films were obtained after heat treatment at different temperature. The inherent links and the functioning mechanism between photocatalysis and photochromism were investigated. The structure, morphology, optical property and photocatalytic activity of WO₃ thin films were characterized through XRD, SEM, UV-Vis and UV-Vis-Nir, respectively. The WO₃ thin films present varied photochromic efficiency at different oxygen argon ratio, and the highest photocatalytic activity of WO₃ thin films presented the best photochromism. Both photochromism and the photocatalytic property degraded after heat-treatment, and the catalysts activity of WO₃ thin film unheated was better than that of the heated one.
  
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  Phase structure and electrical properties of(1-x)K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-
  xBi_0.46Nd_0.04(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5ZrO₃ lead-free piezoceramics

  CHEN Bo, MA Jian, ZHANG Jun, WU Bo, XIAO Dingquan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8169-8173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.029

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  (1-x)K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-xBi_0.46Nd_0.04(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5ZrO₃ (KNN-xBNNKZ, x=0-0.07) lead free piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state technique, and the effects of the Bi_0.46Nd_0.04(Na_0.82K_0.18)_0.5ZrO₃ content on the phase structure and electrical properties of KNN-based ceramics were investigated in detail. It was found that the addition of BNNKZ can simultaneously shift the T_O-T and T_R-O to room temperature and finally construct the R-T phase coexistence near room temperature with the compositions of 0.04<x≤0.06 and significantly enhance the electric properties. The ceramic with x=0.05 exhibited optimal properties: d₃₃=308 pC/N,k_p=43%,P_r=23.45 μC/cm²,ε_r=1205,tanδ=3.8%,T_C=331 ℃。
  
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  Effect of Co doping on preparation of β-FeSi₂ using
  self-propagating-heat treatment

  MA Yanhong,CHEN Xiujuan,ZHANG Penglin

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8174-8177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.030

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  Thermoelectric material β-FeSi₂ was prepared by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and heat treatment. The phase composition and microstructure of Fe-Si intermetallics prepared by SHS and heat treatment were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Besides that, and the product resistivity were tested. The results show that the Co content had no effect on the phase composition of spherical products by SHS. But further heat treatment for the products, the diffraction peak of β-FeSi₂ intensity increased gradually with the increase of Co content. As the atomic fraction of Co was 0.08%, the CoSi₂ was detected. Compared with the samples doping and without doping, we can find that the the resistivity of the samples doping was significantly reduced after doping. At the same temperature, with the increase of Co content, the samples resistivity firstly decreased and then increased. And for Co doping content to 0.05%, the products had higher purity and lowest resistivity.
  
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  Synthesis of metal organic frameworks material MOF-5 and
  its CO₂ adsorption property

  ZHANG Xiaodong, LI Hongxin, HOU Fulin, DONG Han, ZHU Zheng, CUI Lifeng

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8178-8181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.031

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  Metal organic framework materials (MOF-5) with different structures were synthesized by hydrothermal method with different treatment temperatures and activation methods. It was found that yield of prepared MOF-5 firstly increases and then decreases, with the increase of hydrothermal temperature. The optimal hydrothermal temperature was 130℃, which exhibits excellent adsorption of CO₂ (1.8wt%). Further activation sample with CHCl₃ and C₂H₅OH, the adsorption capacity increases from 1.8 wt% to 3.76wt%. The MOF-5 maintained high adsorption capacity in five adsorption/desorption cycles. The XRD, SEM and BET results showed that MOF-5 displayed high specific surface area, porosity and adsorption performance. The prepared MOF-5 can be expected to be used in the fields of hydrogen storage and environmental protection etc.
  
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  The feasibility of Zr-doped TiO₂ suspension for sensitive
  equipment decontamination

  SHEN Zhong, ZHONG Jinyi, CHEN Likun, ZHEN He, MIN Qi,

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8182-8185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.032

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  TiO₂ nanoparticles doped with Zr⁴⁺ of different concentrations were prepared by urea thermal decomposition and homogeneous precipitation method. This paper focused on four aspects of research, including preparation and photocatalytic activity comparison of catalysts, selection and performance test of solvent, preparation and disinfection effect evaluation of suspension, affect of solvent volatilization. The feasibility of this method for sensitive electronic equipment decontamination was comprehensive explored. The results reveal that Zr-TiO₂ with the concentration of 10.05wt% shows the best photocatalytic activity in the samples. HFE-458 is suitable for a solvent of the suspension decontamination. After reacting 1h under the simulated sunlight with HD and 2-CEES, both of the surface removal rates in stainless steel specimens are ≥99.99%, and the degradation efficiency are 95.72% and 99.85% respectively. Solvent volatilization has very limited effect on the disinfection of suspension. The research show that Zr-TiO₂ suspension for decontaminating of sensitive electronic equipment has certain technical feasibility.
  
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  Effect of V-, Cr-, Mn-doping on magnetic properties of monolayer WS₂

  ZHANG Fang, LI Wei, DAI Xianqi

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8186-8190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.033

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  We systematically study the magnetisms and stabilities of transition metal (TM=V, Cr, Mn) atoms doped monolayer WS₂ by using an ab initio method of plane wave potential technique based on the density function theory. The results show that Cr-doped monolayer WS₂ does not display magnetism while both V- and Mn-doped systems have magnetism and the magnetic moment mainly concentrates on the transition metal dopant atoms. Further study on the magnetic coupling of double atoms doped monolayer WS₂ shows that the stable ferromagnetic state at room temperature is observed in the Mn-doped monolayer WS₂. However, the system shows a non-spin polarization state due to doping with V. The formation energy indicates that the Mn-doped WS₂ is the most stable system.
  
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  Accelerated galvanic corrosion evaluation method
  of galvanized steel grounding material

  ZHOU Mi,WANG Jianguo, ZHANG Yu,HU Danhui,FAN Yadong,CAI Li

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8191-8195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.034

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  Corrosion characteristic evaluation technology, as an aided tool to study soil corrosion of grounding materials, is of importance to selection of material type and design of cross section. Accelerated galvanic corrosion test in soil, with the galvanic couple of the galvanized steel (anode) and brass (cathode), was conducted in this paper. Results show that the key factors of galvanic corrosion include the potential difference between anode and cathode, the polarization behavior of the galvanic couple, and the area ratio of cathode to anode, etc. A roughly linear increase in corrosion was observed as the distance of couple decreased. With the increase of the area ratio of cathode to anode, the galvanic corrosion rate was obviously accelerated. The water in soil exerted dominant control over galvanic corrosion and, generally, the corrosion rate of galvanic couple in water-saturated soil was larger than that in non-saturated soil. Therefore, concerning the quantitative evaluation of galvanized steel corrosion in soil using the accelerated galvanic corrosion method, the electrode material type, the galvanic couple distance, and the area ratio of electrodes, etc., should be fixed. Accelerated galvanic corrosion test is not suitable to be carried out in non-saturated soil.
  
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  The orientation relationship and lattice misfit of Ni-Si
  eutectic alloy by HRTEM

  CUI Chunjuan, XUE Tian, YANG Cheng, YANG Meng, TIAN Lulu, WEN Yagang

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8196-8199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.035

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  The orientation relationship and lattice misfit of Ni-Si eutectic alloy were studied by HRTEM. The results showed that the preferential orientation between Ni and Ni₃Si was (111)_Ni∥(111)_Ni3Si, and [110]_Ni∥[211]_Ni3Si. This preferential orientation was consistent with the interface energy minimum principle, and let the material keep the best situation. The lattice misfit along 〈111〉 orientation is 5%, and the misfit dislocation caused by the surface can absorb the phase mismatch on either side of the interface. Two phase interface shows a half coherent interface.
  
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  Effect of the hydrothemal temperature on Ni(OH)₂/RGO composite’s
  structure and electrochemical performance

  LI Xingsheng, HE Wenxiu, ZHANG Yongqiang, MENG Jing, YU Huiying

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8200-8204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.036

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  Nickel hydroxide/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) Composite was synthesized using graphite oxide and nickel nitrate as raw material by hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized using FT-IR spectra, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.The electrochemical performances were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that α/β mutually embedded α/β-Ni(OH)₂/RGO composite was synthesized When hydrothemal temperature was 100 ℃. The maximum specific capacitance of the α/β-Ni(OH)₂/RGO composite was 388.6 mAh/g in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte at 0.2 C rate. The specific capacitance of the α/β-Ni(OH)₂/RGO composite was 266.1 mAh/g at 10 C rate. The specific capacitance retention was 68.5%. It indicates that the electrode material show excellent electrochemical performance.
  
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  Sintering temperature effect on performance of
  Zn-Bi system varistor ceramics

  LIU Jianke,CHEN Yongjia,YU Kerui,WANG Hao,HAN Chen,CUI Yonghong

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8205-8210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.037

  Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save

  The effect of sintering temperatures on the microstructure, electrical properties and loss performance of 95.5ZnO-0.5V₂O₅-2.0Bi₂O₃-0.5Mn₃O₄-0.5Y₂O₃-0.5Cr₂O₃-0.5Co₂O₃ (all in mol%) based on the low-temperature sintering Zn-Bi system had been systematically studied, and the loss performance had been discussed carefully. Meanwhile, we had put forward idea of the restriction impacts of the loss performance of ZnO varistors. The experiments showed that, when the sintering temperature was 910 ℃, the following characteristics obtained: The microstructure of ZnO varistor was quite uniform with distinguishable grain boundaries, and a large amount of spinel phases distributed uniformly could be found clearly. The nonlinear coefficient α was 27 and breakdown electrical field E_1mA was 3 456.5 V/cm. The study of dielectric properties showed that the dielectric loss tan δ was between 0.19 and 0.29, which was a relatively high value. In this paper, we had explained this phenomenon in detail.
Process& Technology
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  Induction effect of uniform load on the orientation of collagen fiber and
  ZnO fiber growth on collagen fiber template

  LIU Haoran, YU Mei, LIU Jianhua, LI Songmei

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8211-8216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.038

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  Unidirectionally oriented collagen fiber was produced using type Ⅰ collagen through applying uniform load on the collagen solution. ZnO fiber was fabricated by calcining collagen fiber loaded with Zn²⁺. Collagen fiber and ZnO fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and texture analyzer. The effects of uniform load and concentrations of collagen on the orientation of collagen fiber, the effects of concentrations of collagen and Zn²⁺ on the morphology of ZnO were investigated. It was concluded that the uniform load applied on the collagen solution had an induction effect on the orientation of collagen fiber. Tensile test revealed that the tensile strength of oriented collagen fiber was 56% higher than that of non-oriented collagen fiber. The ZnO fiber fabricated through low concentration collagen/Zn²⁺ solution retained the morphology and structure of collagen fiber.
  
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  Investigation of the contact resistivity of Au contact on CdMnTe crystal

  SHEN Min, ZHANG Jijun, WANG Linjun, MIN Jiahua, WANG Lin, LIANG Xiaoyan

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8217-8221. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.039

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  The ohmic characteristics of Au/CdMnTe contact were investigated by circular transmission line model (CTLM). The Au contacts on CdMnTe wafers were deposited with the electroless AuCl₃ technique. The influence of surface polishing and annealing on the contact resistivity of Au/CdMnTe were analyzed. The contact resistivity of Au/CdMnTe on the chemical polished and chemical mechanical polished surfaces were 544.5 and 89.0 Ω·cm², respectively. The surface morphology and composition of CdMnTe wafers were characterized by AFM and XPS, which revealed that the surface roughness and Te-rich state had great effect on the sheet resistance and the carrier transmission length, thus determined the contact resistivity of Au/CdMnTe. After annealing at 150e for 1 h, the contact resistivity of the Au/CdMnTe contact treated by CP and CMP both decreased to 313.6 and 30.2 Ω·cm². The annealing procedure enhanced the diffusion of Au into the CdMnTe crystal, which further decreased the contact resistivity, and the quality of the ohmic contact was improved.
  
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  Effect of different solvent ratio and post-treatment temperature on the beta
  phase content ofelectrospinning PVDF/PEI composite fibrous membranes

  LIU Jingqiang,CUI Weiwei,LIU Lizhu,TANG Dongyan,LU Yishan,
  ZHANG Na,WENG Ling

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8222-8226. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.040

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  β phase polyvinyldiene fluoride (PVDF) has attracted much attention due to its excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. In this paper,PVDF and polyetherimide(PEI) are dissolved in component solvent according to the mass ratio of m(PVDF)/m(PEI)=8/2, the mixed solvent is composed of N,N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran on the basis of different mass ratio. PVDF/PEI composite fiber membrane was prepared using the electrospinning technology. SEM, XRD and FT-IR were used to analyzed the influences of different solvent mass ratio and post processing temperature on fiber morphology, crystallinty, the content of beta phase, and the ferroelectric properties of electrospinning PVDF/PEI composite fibrous membranes The optimal solvent ratio and the post-treatment temperature were obtained.
  
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  The effect of current density on the corrosion resistance and wear
  resistance of electrodeposition silver-graphite composite coating

  YE Zhiguo, HE Qingqing, LANG Yun, CHEN Yibin, LIU Lei,
  CHEN Chuan, MA Guang

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8227-8231. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.041

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  In this paper, the silver-graphite composite coatings were prepared on copper substrate by the electro-deposition method. The influence of deposition current density on the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the silver graphite composite coating was particularly investigated. This study indicated that the area fraction of the coated graphite increased with the rise of deposition current density. The self-corrosion potential was less likely to be affected by deposition current density. However, the increase of deposition current density was to accelerate the self-corrosion current density. In 0.1-0.5 A/dm² range, the average friction coefficient of composite coating decreased and the wear rate decreased and then increased by the increment of current density. When the deposition current density was equal to 0.3 A/dm² and stirring speed to 420 r/min, the wear rate of the coating reached the minimum, namely 8.13×10^-14 m^-3/N·m. After contact terminal and contact finger prepared in the condition off operation of 10 000 times, the migration amount of coating thickness for contact terminal in the planar low vice was less than 2 μm and the abrasion loss in the linear high vice friction of contact finger was less than 10 μm.
  
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  Influence of accelerated carbonation on shotcrete
  at tensile area under bending stress

  WANG Jiabin,NIU Ditao,ZHANG Yongli

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8232-8238. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.042

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  In order to research the carbonation of shotcrete single-layer lining in tunnel, the accelerator carbonation of shotcrete with and without steel fiber under bending stress which the ratios of flexural strength were 0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75, respectively were studied. The carbonation depth of shotcrete obeys Fick’s first law and increased with the carbonation age and bending stress improved. In the similar experiment conditions, the carbonation depth of shotcrete was small than ordinary concrete. Meanwhile, the carbonation depth of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete was much less than ordinary shotcrete at the same age. Based on the influence coefficients of bending stress, steel fiber and construction mode, the carbonation depth prediction model of ordinary concrete was modified.
  
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  Study on oxidation morphology and performance of rolling AgCu alloy

  XIANG Xiongzhi,KUANG Mingsheng,GONG Wenya

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8239-8243. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.043

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  Ag-CuO contact as one of the substitutes of Ag-CdO electrical contract, the paper focus on the study of casting AgCu alloy by rolling before processing, and then reprogram the organization of casting alloys as well as the microscopic distribution of the solute elements according to the form of solid state phase, so as to obtain the controllable oxide particle via inner oxidation and improve performance of the alloy.
  
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  Preparation and properties of epoxy resin modified by graphene oxide

  DENG Jiyong,YAN Dong,TANG Jie

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8244-8247. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.044

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  With graphite as a raw material, the graphene oxide was prepared by hummers method and ultrasonic process in turn, and then was blended and heated with cationic expoxy emulsion modified by diethanolamine to obtain the (graphene oxide/expoxy) paintcoat. The surface functional groups and surface appearance of paintcoat were characterized by contact angle tester, FT-IR, TGA, SEM and other analytical methods, and its mechanical properties were tested too. The result showed that the mechanical properties of paintcoat were obviously improved compared with pure epoxy resin, the biggest growth rate of tensile strength, ultimate elongation and elastic modulus were 69.2%, 62.8% and 22.8%, respectively.
  
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  Fabrication and electrical properties of NiMn₂O₄ thermistor ceramic
  materials by rheological phase method

  ZHANG Qinan, YAO Jincheng,CHEN Long, CHANG Aimin, CHEN Huimin

  功能材料. 2016, 47(8): 8248-8252. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2016.08.045

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  NiMn₂O₄ negative temperature coeifficient (NTC) thermistor materials were prepared by the rheological phase method. The effect of calcination temperature and sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of NiMn₂O₄ ceramic materilas was systemically investigated and characterized by XRD, SEM, and electrical mearsurement. The results indicate that the NiMn₂O₄ powders are mainly composed of cubic spinel phase and a small amount of NiO phase at the calcination temperature of 850 ℃. At the sintering temperature of 1 150 ℃, the values of ceramic samples with the lowest resistivity at room temperature (ρ₂₅), the maximum value of the material constant B and the lowest resistivity drift rate (ΔR/R), are2 679 Ω·cm, 3 878 K and 0.75%-0.86%, respectively. The activation energy of NiMn₂O₄ ceramic samples sintered at different temperatures is about 0.33 eV. Therefore, NiMn₂O₄ ceramic materials prepared by the rheological phase have well thermal stability and thermal performance and meet the demands of market development.