15 October 2012, Volume 43 Issue 19
    

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    研究与开发
  • Bin Li
    . 2012, 43(19): 1-0.
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    Effect of temperature on friction and wear performance of Al2O3/ZrB2/ZrO2 composite materials was investigated on a UMT-2 multi-function friction tester. White light interferometer and scanning electronic microscope were adopted to observe the profile and micro-morphology of the worn surface of specimens.The results showed that: in the room temperature friction test, the increasing of the ZrB2/ZrO2 volume content can decrease the friction coefficient of AZ series composites; in the high temperature friction test, the surface temperature increased as the environmental temperature rise, the generated lubricating film can decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate of the composites.
  • ;;Yuan-Yuan JIAO;Ruixue Chen;
    . 2012, 43(19): 2-0.
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    Thermoelectric materials Bi1.2Sb4.8Te9 was sintered under three different conditions including no-current sintering (NCS), low-density current sintering (LCS) and high-density current sintering (HCS). The microstructure and thermoelectric performance of three groups’ samples were tested and compared. The results indicated that the applying of electric current in the sintering process can significantly improve the densification of samples, and the large electric field can make the grains oriented at the direction of the electric field. The electric field can eliminate crystal defects, and decrease the carrier concentration, and increase the carrier mobility. Thus the power factor was enhanced. The preferred orientation of grains can decrease the thermal conductivity. Therefore, a large electric field and high electric current in the sintering process may be the effective way to obtain thermoelectric materials with high value of the figure of merit ZT.
  • HOU QING-YU
    . 2012, 43(19): 3-0.
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    Based on first principles within density-functional theory, using the plane-wave ultra-soft pseudo-potential method, We have calculated the geometry optimization, the formation energy, the band structure, the density of states, the electron density differences, and the optical properties of Sm-doping anatase TiO2 models with different Sm concentrations. The results show that, when Sm atom is doped in TiO2, it significantly changes the electron structure of the anatase TiO2 supercell. Within the concentration range set in this work, with the decrease of doping concentration, the formation energy of the Sm system becomes lower, the doped becomes easier, the electronic has a longer life, the doping of Sm atom also leads to the decrease of band gap, and more significant red shift of the absorption spectrum. The calculation results are in agreement of the experiment results.
  • ;xiong guo xuan
    . 2012, 43(19): 4-0.
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    The polymer (SPD) and its complex of Cu2+ were prepared and the effects of the temperature and time of reaction on the yield were investigated. Their structures were characterized via IR, elemental analysis and EDS. The study indicated: discovered on the temperature of 100 ℃ and reaction 6h later the maximum yield of SPD is 79.5 %. The thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the polymer had good thermal stability. The electrical conductivity and hysteresis loop of the polymer and its complex were measured at room temperature. The test result demonstrate: The conductivity of complex was declined when coordinated with Cu2+; SPD is an antiferromagnet while SPD-Cu2+ is a soft ferromagnet, in which the observed coercive ?eld (HC) is 66Oe, the remnant magnetization (Mr) is 0.00105emu/g and the saturation magnetization (Ms) 0.029 emu/g.
  • ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 6-0.
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    Two new monomers of anthraquinone 1,4-bis(octyloxy) anthracene-9, 10--dione and 1,4-dibutoxyanthracene-9,10-dione are synthesized and characterized by FITR, H1NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Results of DSC and TG indicate melting points of two monomers are blow 130℃ and the 5% thermal decomposition temperatures are more than 200℃. The modified PAQR are obtained by step-growth condensation polymerization which the monomers react in nitrobenzene and then the unpurified products are dried and react in NaCl /AlCl3. The structure and thermal properties are characterized by FITR, TG .And the dielectric constant is studied,too.The modified PAQR still exhibits excellent thermal stability as the 5% decomposition temperatures are over 387℃. The maximum of dielectric constant is 100 at 20Hz, which is less than the one of unmodified PAQR. A class of modified polymer which is soluble in ethanol is obtained and the dielectric constant is around 19997.
  • . 2012, 43(19): 7-0.
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    GEO-magnetic model using electromagnetic force field to simulate gravity field to research geotechnical engineering problems. In the models, the acceleration of gravity is amplified with n times, and the geometric dimension are reduced with n times, and other physical parameters like density, cohesion, internal friction angle, compressive modulus and Poisson’s ratio can using prototype parameters. Based on orthogonal test design method, a new magnetic sensing soil similar material was developed which can be used for GEO-magnetic model test, the materials select quartz sand as main materials, Bentonite and calcium carbonate as glue, ferrite powder as regulator. The new materials has similar level properties with soil, that is, bulk density 19~25KN/m2, cohesion 0~54KPa,internal friction angle 7~31°, which can simulation a wide range of soil materials in the field of geotechnical engineering. Study on the relationship between magnetic powder content and the mechanical parameters of materials.
  • ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 8-0.
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    The cross section surface of magnesium alloy AZ31 bar was treated for nanograins by means of high energy shot peening (HESP) and the corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ31 treated for nanograins by means of high energy shot peening in 5% NaCl solution were investigated. The corrosion surface appearances were analysed by SEM, the surface components of magnesium alloy AZ31 after corrosion were characterized by EDS, and the microhardness was tested by microhardness tester form plastic deformation layer to base. Results show that the corrosion rate of the sample treated for nanograins by means of high energy shot peening higher, and the corrosion rate first decreased dramatically, then decreased slowly. The thickness of plastic degeneration is about 150μm, where exists cracks. The highest hardness is 135 in the plastic degeneration zone, which is two times of base.
  • . 2012, 43(19): 9-0.
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    Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with β phase has been widely used in energy harvesting and infrared detecting due to its high piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. PVDF nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning, and the effects of solvent composition, polymer concentration and flow rate on the morphology and β phase content of PVDF fibers were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The continous and uniform β phase PVDF fibers with the diameter of 600 nm were obtained. The pyroelectric properties of PVDF nanofiber film was investigated with 3.4 μm infrared light modulated at different frequencies.
  • ;;Liuge
    . 2012, 43(19): 10-0.
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    The influence of temperature, Cl- concentration, S2- concentration and HCO3- concentration on G105 multifactor corrosion behavior was investigated by high temperature and pressure kettle with weight-loss method in this paper. And the experiments were arranged with orthogonal table. The corrosion form and product topography were observed by stereomicroscope and SEM, and the composition of corrosion product was analyzed by X-ray energy spectrum analyzer (EDS). The results show that, in the research range of this test, NaHCO3 concentration is the biggest factor, the second is temperature and Na2S concentration, while NaCl concentration is the minimum factor; corrosion environment seriously affects corrosion rate; at the temperature of 60℃, when NaCl concentration is 5g?L-1, Na2S concentration is 7g?L-1 and NaHCO3 concentration is 1g?L-1, the main corrosion of G105 drill pipe materials is caused by NaHCO3. At the temperature of 60℃, when NaCl concentration is 50g?L-1, Na2S concentration is 30g?L-1 and NaHCO3 concentration is 30g?L-1, the corrosion is mainly caused by Na2S.
  • ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 11-0.
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    This paper mainly aimed at improving the pure water flux and rejection of polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration membranes by adding PEG and zeolite additives into casting solution during the phase inversion process. The influences of different dosages of zeolite on morphology, surface roughness, hydrophilicity, mechanical strength, water flux and rejection to protein were investigated. Results showed that the dosage of zeolite increase from 0g to 3.0g, the water flux of prepared membranes increased from 140 L/(m2?h) to 500 L/(m2?h), and the rejection to pepsin increased from 78.8% to 88.6% and the rejection to BSA kept 99.0%. Pure water flux and rejection of PSF ultrafiltration membranes could be improved simultaneously by adding PEG and zeolite additives into casting solution through phase inversion method.
  • . 2012, 43(19): 12-0.
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    We have grown Fe particle film and Fe3N film on GaN(0002) substrates by MOCVD method. Using XRD, AFM, XPS and SQUID equipments, we investigated the properties of structure, surface morphology and magnetism. The results showed that, Fe particle film was formed in the configure of Fe(110)//GaN(0002) and Fe[001]//GaN[11-20], while Fe3N film was formed in the configure of Fe3N(0002)//GaN(0002) and Fe3N[11-20]//GaN[1-100]. It was also found that the magnetic moments of the film aligned normal to the c-axis more easily for both of Fe/GaN and Fe3N/GaN.
  • ;Xun-Yong JIANG
    . 2012, 43(19): 13-0.
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  • ;;hanbing rao
    . 2012, 43(19): 14-0.
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  • Ying Yang
    . 2012, 43(19): 15-0.
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    To synthesize nanomaterial with good NOx adsorption ability at room temperature, a Porous oblate-Like α-Fe2O3 has been synthesized by the technology of surfactant-assisted nanoparticles assembly and its NOx adsorption behavior at room temperature was studied. The means of XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC、SEM and TEM were used to investigate the morphology and structure. The result show that every oblate-Like Fe2O3 consist of nanoparticles with diameter of 7-8 nm assembly, and it belongs to hematite phase of α-Fe2O3 with better crystal. The room temperature NOx adsorption-desorption experiments reveals that the selective NOx adsorption ability of the synthesized material is obviously improved compared with purchase α-Fe2O3, The reason is that O2 in the air is adsorbed on the surface of the oblate-Like α-Fe2O3, then O– is formed which can chemical adsorb with NOx molecular. The formation mechanism of NOx adsorption is preliminarily discussed and important experiment basis were introduced for semiconductor oxide at room temperature NOx detection.
  • . 2012, 43(19): 16-0.
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    Stearic acid and aluminate coupling agent were used to treat ultfine diopside mineral. The principle and methods of the activation index and contact angle have been used to study the surface modification of the mineral. The method of blending and plastication shaping was used to prepare the composite of the diopside and polyethylene.The different coupling agent’s influence on the mechanical property of the composite was investigated. The results showed propertreated glass bead could uniformly dispersed in polyethylene composites by means of melt blending, and the surfaces of the particles and matrix were bonded well.The mechanical properties of the composites were improved, thus the cost could be cut down.
  • Xiaofang Xu ;Zhou Ming
    . 2012, 43(19): 17-0.
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    The femtosecond optical pumped transient Thermoreflectance(FTTR)technique is an effective tool to investigate the ultrafast dynamics in mental films. In this paper, sliver films were deposited by magnetron sputtering technique. The nonequilibrium lasting time of electrons of films were studied by using femtosecond laser pump-probe thermoreflectance experimental technology. The results show that at the condition of the same substrate material, the same thickness and the different laser pumped power of the mental films, the nonequilibrium lasting time of electrons was the same. And if the laser pumped power was equal, the lasting time was inversely proportional to the thickness of the mental films. Otherwise there were different influences on the nonequilibrium lasting time of electrons when the substrates were differen
  • Zhen Wang;Zhen-bing CAI ;;;
    . 2012, 43(19): 18-0.
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    The nitrogen were implanted on the 60Si2Cr steel with different ion implantation and deposition, and Cr/CrSiN composite coatings were prepared using arc ion deposition .The sliding friction test using CETR UMT Multi-Specimen Test System(UNT-3) in dry state with a load of 20N. The tribological properties of substrate and coatings were analyzed .The results showed that the tribological properties of the treated steel has improved significantly. With the increase of the concentration of ion implantation, the wear resistance of the coating improve.The mechanism of the CrSiN/Cr composite coatings were delamination and abrasion wear.
  • ;chu bing YANG ;;
    . 2012, 43(19): 19-0.
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    Carbon spheres were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction using glucose as raw material. The carbon spheres were used as template so as the prepare mesoporous TiO2 thin film which acts as he photoanode of dye sensitized solar cells.Film thickness, surface morphology and scattering ability of the films were studied using profiler, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy respectively. Photovoltaic performance of the cells was evaluated, and the effect of carbon spheres on the cell performance was studied. It was found that with the increase of contents of carbon spheres, surface area in unit volume of the TiO2 film increased at first, and then decreased; similar trend was also observed in the light scattering ability of the TiO2 film. Due to both of the enlarged surface area and the enhanced light scattering ability, photocurrent density of the solar cell and hence the cell performance was optimized, reaching 5.15% at 1sun testing condition
  • ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 20-0.
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    Ni-TiN-CeO2 binary nanocomposite coatings were prepared by ultrasonic-pulse electrodeposition, the effects of the electrodeposition process parameters on the particle content of the Ni-TiN-CeO2 composite coating were reasearched, the surface morphology and composition of the composite coating were also analysed. The results show that the optimal process parameters of the nanocomposite coating prepared by ultrasonic-pulse electrodeposition is: cathode current density of 4A/dm2, adding amount of TiN particles is 15g/l, adding amount of CeO2 particles is 40g/l, positive pulse duty cycle of 20%, ultrasonic power of 180W. Under these optimum conditions, we could prepare Ni-TiN-CeO2 binary nanocomposite coatings with CeO2 and TiN particles mass fraction of 3.3% and 4.4% respectively. Meanwhile, with CeO2 and TiN particles adding to the bath, the composite of the two kinds of nanoparticles gives full play to the synergies, and optimizes the sedimentary way of particles and metal matrix, the quality of the coatings is improved greatly.
  • ;lu xiaolong ;;;Yue JIA; ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 21-0.
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    Abstract: Triangular tri-channels polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared by solution induced phase separation method through special spinneret. The effects of the PVDF concentration in drop and internal coagulant composition on the morphology and properties of membranes were investigated. It was found that: Large finger-like morphology became smaller, the overall level of integration decreased, sponge-like morphology became denser, UF water flux, gas permeation coefficient and VMD water flux decreased, breaking strength increased with the concentration of PVDF in drop increased from 14.5wt.% to 18.2 wt.%. Large finger-like morphology became smaller, sponge-like morphology became denser, UF water flux and gas permeation coefficient decreased, VMD water flux increased a little, breaking strength increased with the concentration of DMAc in internal coagulant increased from 0% to 30%. The optimized triangular tri-channels PVDF membranes decreased in flux compared with one-hole membranes, however, the breaking strength increased a lot, nearly three times of one-hole membranes.
  • ; ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 22-0.
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    Abstract: An intumescent flame-retardant coating was prepared with binder, solvent and flame retardant system composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL) and pentaerythritol (PER). The modifiers expandable graphite (EG) and sericite were used to improve the performances of the APP-PER-MEL coating. The effects of the compose of the binder; the ratio of the flame retardant system; the ratio of EG and sericite on the fire-retardant property and char formation of the coating were investigated by using self-made high temperature furnace.The results showed that: when the binder composed of chloride latex and acrylic latex AC261P by the percentage of 22:3; APP, MEL, PER conducted by the percentage of 4:3:3; the ratio of EG/sericite was 5:3, the char layer with compact and well-distributed pores was formed, the char structure showed good adhesive properties and was tough enough to protect the steel structure.And the steel structure reached only 223℃ at 4500 seconds.
  • Heng TIAN ;;;
    . 2012, 43(19): 23-0.
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    Residual stress formed in the curing process can greatly affect the application and safety of composite material. In this paper, the temperature sensitivity and stress sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) were firstly investigated, and then three FBG sensors parallelling to carbon fiber were embedded into different depth direction of composite material in order to in-situ monitor the changes of residual stress. The results show that change trends of the upper FBG sensor almost stay the same with the lower one, while the lower FBG sensor displays much more residual stress than the upper one at cooling stage. The middle FBG sensor experiences the least residual stress at curing process, but it has the major residual stress at last because of residual thermal stress existing.
  • Xiao-Qi FU;Shuang WANG;;Tingshun Jiang
    . 2012, 43(19): 24-0.
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    Graphene-metal selenium quantum dots (QDs) composites have been prepared by ?-? stacking of pyridine-capped metal selenium QDs and chemically converted graphene (CCG) in aqueous solution. The aromatic structures of pyridine capped on metal selenium QDs introduce a ?-? stacking interaction between CCG and QDs, and extend the conjugated structure of CCG. The structural details and formation mechanism of the resultant graphene-metal selenium QDs composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption, transmission electron microscope and Raman scattering studies. The CCG-metal selenium composites disperse stably in aqueous solution, allows them to be potentially used in biological tissues and further application. The cyclic voltammetry experimental result shows that the electrochemical performances of CCG-ZnSe are greatly improved than that of pure CCG, ZnSe powder.
  • . 2012, 43(19): 25-0.
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    YAG nanopowders were preparated by microchannel-reaction and co-precipitation method. The experiment examined the solution concentration, pH, Nd-doped and other factors on the synthesis of pure phase YAG powders. The results showed that: It is not conducive to the preparation of pure phase YAG powders by increasing the concentration of precipitant, while precipitant concentration of 0.4 mol/L, and Al concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.4mol /L, that all obtained pure phase YAG powders; Using the optimization experimental condition, the pH value is maintained at about 8, 2at% Nd replace of Y in YAG, after calcined by 900℃ for 4h, pure phase of Nd:YAG powders were obtained. The average particle size of powders was about 30nm, evenly distributed, and showed a nearly spherical.
  • ;
    . 2012, 43(19): 27-0.
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    This paper studies the modification of natural clinoptilolite by different methods. It is shown that the zeolite which is modified by being soaked in hydrated lanthanum chloride for 2h and roasted at temperature 500℃ for 1h could effectively remove phosphate from wastewater. The results of SEM-EDS analysis show that pore structure was expanded to some extent and the shape of pores were obviously changed; the main components of zeolite before and after modification were all Si, Al and O, but the content of lanthanum ion increased in modified zeolite. The results of surface texture analysis indicate that modified zeolite channel get broaden and pore size distribution was more even; the pore volume, specific surface area and porosity were increased. This may improve the adsorption performance of zeolite. Based on these, the effects of additive dosages, appropriate time and pH on the phosphate removal capacity of modified zeolite is studied. The results show that the appropriate conditions are 1.2 g?L-1 of additive dosages, 3h of appropriate time and 3-7 of pH value. The phosphorus removal rate was 98.46% under the optimized conditions.
  • Ming-Yan DANG
    . 2012, 43(19): 28-0.
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    Complex chitosan resin was synthesized with the materials of chitosan and activated carbon. The structure of the resin was characterized by SEM and FTIR and the isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics were studied. Results show that the complex chitosan has porous structure and larger surface area. The reaction of crosslinking is on the group of –NH3 and –OH. The adsorption isotherm of the Cu2+ on the resin fits the model of Langmuir and Freundlich. The adsorption kinetics fits Lagergren the second-order equation well and the adsorption is easy to proceed.
  • WANG Su Jun; ;Mao-Lan ZHANG
    . 2012, 43(19): 29-0.
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    Folate has been employed as a targeting moiety of various anticancer agents to increase their cellular uptake within target cells since folate receptors are vastly overexpressed in several human tumors. In this study, Dodecanoled-poly(D, L-lactic acid)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-folate (Dol-PLA-PEG-FA) was synthesized from Dodecanoled-poly(D, L-lactic acid), H2N-PEG-NH2 and folate by active ester method, whereafter, active-targeting nanoparticles were prepared through solution volatilization and self-assembly. 1H NMR was employed to characterize the structure of copolymer, and Luminescence Spectrometer was characterized the diluting stability of nanoparticles, then model cells breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and fibroblasts cells (CCL-110) were to evaluate the targeting- mediated endocytosis pathway. The results showed that the nanoparticles have good diluting stability and targeting Selectivity on the basis of successful synthetic materials, and these are potential to become the receptor mediated targeted drug release system carrier material.
  • Ke HUTao LIU;Shihui Liu;Junying Chen;
    . 2012, 43(19): 30-0.
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    For improving the blood compatibility of titanium surface, this work mainly develop a new biological surface modification approach. Firstly, the nanoparticles are obtained by dropping heparin into the PLL solutions in the supersonic vibrating condition. Then, the PLL-heparin nanoparticles are immobilized onto the dopamine-coated titanium surface. The particle size and components of the nanoparticles are detected by zeta potential analyzer and the toluidine blue method. The physical and chemical properties of the modified titanium surface are characterized with FTIR, XPS and water contact angle test. Furthermore, the blood compatibility of the modified sample is evaluated by in vitro platelet adhesion experiment, heparin release test and APTT measurement. The results demonstrate that the PLL-heparin nanoparticles can be successfully immobilized to the dopamine-coated titanium surface. The platelet adhesion behavior can be efficiently controlled due to the immobilized particles. As a result, the blood compatibility of Ti surface is significantly improved.
  • 综述
  • Gao Jiao Cheng;Hu-De
    . 2012, 43(19): 31-0.
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    Magnesium alloy has a higher strength than the polymer, better toughness than ceramic materials, and the density,elastic modulus and mechanical properties are also closer to the body's natural bone. More importantly,magnesium alloy can be corrossed and degradated after implanted into the human body,Neither cause side effects do not need the second surgery,so it is considered as a great potential biodegradable materials.However,excessive corrosion rate of magnesium in the body's physiological environment will lead to magnesium ions, hydrogen and corrosion sediment accumulation in the body, the local pH value increased and the mechanical structure is incomplete, reduce the treatment effect, and even cause adverse reactions and treatment failure. From the magnesium corrosion mechanism and degradation products in the human body impact are reviewed and analyzed the magnesium alloy in the future development direction and challenges.
  • Xiog-Gang WANG ;;;;
    . 2012, 43(19): 32-0.
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    Since corrosion of metals is a common phenomenon, it is of great significance to explore new techniques to depress and inhibit corrosion reaction. Self-healing coating is a smart anticorrosion coating, which could repair itself and depress corrosion without the assistance of exterior force when surface damage and corrosion occurs. Developing novel anticorrosion coating with self-healing properties has attracted considerable attention and been a hotspot in recent years. This paper aims to review the progress of preparation and application of self-healing anticorrosion coating and puts forward the prospect in the field.
  • 研究与开发
  • . 2012, 43(19): 33-0.
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    In the present study, the micro-arc oxidation coatings of ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1 are obtained at 480V forward voltage ,130V reverse voltage and a electrolyte containing 8g/L Na2SiO3, 2g/LNaOH, 2g/L Na2WO4 and 2g/L Na2EDTA. The influences of content of Glycerin on the arc starting voltage, thicknesses and microhardness of coatings, phase distribution and morphology of coatings were analyzed respectively. The results show that less rough and higher microhardness coatings are formed from an electrolyte with addition of C3H8O3. With the content of C3H8O3 ascending from 0ml/Lto10ml/L, the mean diameter of colloidal particle descends from 10530.6nm to 2615.8nm,the thickness of coatings rises gradually from 63 to 156μm, the dimension of the ceramic grains and the proportion of compact layer increase, and the microhardness of coatings reach HV894.But as the content of C3H8O3 excess 10ml/L, arc starting voltage ascends 408V. The result indicates by XRD that the coatings formed from an electrolyte with addition of C3H8O3 are composed of mullite, α-Al2O3,γ-Al2O3,WO3 and SiO2.