30 December 2014, Volume 45 Issue 24

    

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综述 进展
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  Research Progress of All-Solid-State Solar Cells Based on Organometal Halide Perovskite Materials

  Jing-Zhen SHAO;;;;

  . 2014, 45(24): 1-0.

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  The organometal halide perovskite as high-efficiency light sensitizers in solar cells can not only act as a high efficiency light absorber but also possess excellent charge carrier mobility. The perovskite has unique ambipolar properties to transport both photogenerated holes and electrons. All properties are perfectly suitable for use as prospective photovoltaic materials. The researches of the all-solid-state solar cells based on organometal halide perovskite materials have excited great interest. The paper introduced the main research progress the all-solid-state solar cells based on organometal halide perovskite materials. The structure and properties of the organometal halide perovskite were reviewed. The several typical types of the perovskite solar cells were discussed. And prospects of commercial perovskite solar cells were assessed.
工艺 技术
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  Investigation of the influence of Oxygen-Plasma etching on graphene

  Qinqin Wei;Jian-Ting HE

  . 2014, 45(24): 2-0.

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  Exfoliated few layers graphene on silicon oxide were exposed into oxygen-plasma. Raman spectra, Atomic force microscope( AFM) and electrical measurement are used to characterize the influence of oxygen-plasma etching on the properties of graphene. Results show that lots of defects will be introduced to graphene by oxygen-plasma etching, and these defects will act as the initial point for the following etch, and layer by layer etching is realized. In addition, metal particles and organic materials deposition can be introduced during the oxygen-plasma etching. All these factors lead to linear decrease of the two-terminal conductance and n-type doping characteristics of graphene.
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  The forming of Sm-Fe-B GMF based on steady magnetic field environment and its performance testing and simulation

  ; ;;;

  . 2014, 45(24): 3-0.

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  Sm-Fe-B GMF are prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition on glass substrate with steady magnetic field applied it. During deposition, the different magnetic fields strengths were chosen and the direction of magnetic field perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of substrates. Deflections of cantilever and hysteresis loop of films were tested by LS-7010M-KC laser micro-displacement sensor and alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM), respectively; the influence of steady magnetic field to magnetostriction and soft magnetic properties were studied. The influence of different steady magnetic fields strengths to distribution of magnetic moment of Sm-Fe-B GMF under the same experiment magnetic field were studied by OOMMF . The results show that the saturated magnetostricion deposited at steady magnetic field were better than that without magnetic field, and the magnetostricion became better with the strength of magnetic field grows under the experimental condition. Both simulation and experimental research show, the easy magnetization direction could be induced by steady magnetic field and parallel to the direction of magnetic field. Hence，the proper choice of direction and strength for steady magnetic field during the deposition process could obtain the specific easy magnetization axis and large deflection, which in favor of the development of thin-film component.
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  Fabrication, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of melt-electrospun PLA mats

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  . 2014, 45(24): 4-0.

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  Controlled Synthesis of Large Area TiO2 Nanosheets Array

  . 2014, 45(24): 5-0.

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  By using the method of hydrothermal method and annealing combination, uniform nano-TiO2 arrays and arrays of porous TiO2 nano-flakes were prepared for the first time on Ti substrate， and the entire preparation process mechanism was discussed.
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  Synthesis investigation of Ni/Cu bimetal nanowires by template-free method

  Hu WANG ;;

  . 2014, 45(24): 6-0.

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  Under a magnetic field,nickel nanowires were synthesized by a template-free method, and Ni/Cu bimetal nanowires were synthesized using as-prepared nickel nanowires as carriers. The products were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD,EDS. The results showed that the Ni/Cu bimetal nanowires had uniform size and morphology, about 200nm, and were composed of Ni（face-centered cubic,fcc）and Cu(fcc),the content of Ni and Cu in the products were 62.34wt% and 36.37wt%, respectively.
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  Fabrication and Characterization of Pb(Hf0.3Ti0.7)O3 ferroelectric thin films

  Ya-Li LIN;

  . 2014, 45(24): 7-0.

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  Abstract: The Pb(Hf0.3Ti0.7)O3(PHT) ferroelectric thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition at different growth temperatures. The microstructures and ferroelectric properties of the PHT thin films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscope, RT66A ferroelectric tester and HP4155C semiconductor parameter analyzer. The PHT thin films growth at 400℃ had good (111) preferred orientation. The ferroelectric test of the PHT films deposited at 400℃ demonstrated that the remnant polarization was 53.1μC/cm2, the coercive field was 390kV/cm, and remnant polarization was kept at the value of 85% after 1.5 × 109 rollover. The dielectric measurement showed that the dielectric constant of the PHT films growth at 400℃ was 540. With the well-behaved properties, the PHT ferroelectric thin films is expected to be applied to ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM).
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  Recrystallization and Hot Cracking Tendency of Single Crystal of Nickel-based Superalloy CMSX-6

  ZHANG Li; ;

  . 2014, 45(24): 8-0.

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  Abstract: The recrystallization behavior of nickel-based single crystal superalloy CMSX-6 at different heat treatment temperatures and different magnitude loads were investigated. The result shows that there is no recrystallization occurring below 1150℃ for 4h ,while a large number of γ' particles are precipitated around the eutectic because of the spontaneous segregation of γ'form elements under the load; As the heat treatment temperature increases, recrystallization of the load influenced area includes three processes: cellular recrystallization around the indentation, recrystallization of the dendritical core and multiple equiaxed grain; When the heat treatment above 1150℃for 4h, with the increasing of loading, the area of recrystallization increases distinctly; Last, as the cooling rate increases, the tendency of the heat cracking between the recrystallized grains turns larger and a lot of hot cracking distributed along the recrystallized grain boundary.
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  Effect of precursors on density of copper powder by a two-step liquid reduction method

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  . 2014, 45(24): 9-0.

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  Copper powders and cuprous oxide particles were prepared by a two-step liquid reduction method. Cubic,spherical,octahedral cuprous oxide particles were used as precursors respectively and the effect of the precursors on density of copper powders was investigated. The products were characterized by XRD,SEM,nitrogen adsorption specific surface analyzer and particle size distribution.The results showed spherical copper powders which were prepared using cubic cuprous oxide particles as precursors had a high tap density,a small specific surface area and a narrow size-distribution, and applied to conductive copper paste.
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  Effect of thickness of PZT thin films on the structural and dielectric properties of BMT/PZT multilayered thin films

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  . 2014, 45(24): 10-0.

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  BMT/PZT multilayered thin films have been prepared by liquid spin coating method and the effect of PZT thin films thickness on the BMT/PZT multilayered thin films have been investigated.With the thickness of the PZT thin films increasing, the dielectric constant of BMT/PZT multilayered thin films increases linearly. When the thickness of the PZT thin films is small, the dielectric loss of the BMT/PZT multilayered thin films increase significantly; while further increase the thickness of PZT thin films, the BMT/PZT multilayered thin filmsˊdielectric loss declined until close to the value of the BMT thin films. This is due to the dielectric constant and loss of the PZT thin films are significantly higher than BMT thin films, and the existence of heterogeneous interface suppresses the domain wallˊmovement in PZT thin films, so the impact on the multilayered thin films dielectric loss weakened. The results show that the introduction of PZT thin films can enhance the dielectric constant of the BMT thin films while has little effect on the dielectric loss.
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  The effect of quenching parameters on material properties and microstructure of BR1500HS

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  . 2014, 45(24): 11-0.

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  This paper researched the tensile strength, hardness and the true stress-strain curves of BR1500HS at different temperature and holding time through the tensile tests. And the microstructure at different quenching condition was investigated, the fracture morphology was analyzed by SEM. Then the effect of quenching parameters on material properties and microstructure was obtained. The hardness, tensile strength and ductility reach their maximum at 900℃(holding 2min). At the temperature range from 850℃ to 920℃,the fracture morphology is better. When the temperature is beyond Ac3(811℃) and holds enough time, the ferrite and pearlite in the original samples can be transferred into austenite, and the microstructure after quenching is total martensite. This can guide the parameters choosing in the actual production.
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  Electrostatic spraying preparation and characterization of MWCNTs/polyurethane functional coatings

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  . 2014, 45(24): 12-0.

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  In order to solve the problems that the corrosion resistance, electrical conductibility and adhesive strength of conductive and corrosion resistance coating are poor, MWCNTs/polyurethane functional coatings were prepared by electrostatic spraying, using polyurethane powders as binder and multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNTs) as electrically conductive additive. The prepared coatings were characterized by double-configuration four-point probe meter, FTIR, tensile testing and static immersion method. The results showed that the adhesive strength between prepared MWCNTs/polyurethane functional coatings and matrix was larger than 14.38MPa. The specific resistance of the functional coatings increased with decreasing carbon nanotube content. When the content of carbon nanotube was lower than 0.5%, the specific resistance of the functional coating was 1.11×103Ω?m, far lower than that for static electricity conductive coatings stated by national standard. The corrosion resistance of functional coatings was stronger than that of polyurethane coating, and that of the functional coating with the carbon nanotube content of 0.5% was the highest.
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  Structure and properties of ceramic coating on pure titanium TA4 by micro-arc oxidation

  Lin XU

  . 2014, 45(24): 14-0.

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  The porous oxide TiO2 ceramic coating containing Ca and P is fabricated on the surface of pure titanium TA4 by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method. The surface micro-topography, elemental composition, phase components are observed and investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and raman spectrometer. The influence of modification on the wetting property and corrosion resistance of pure titanium TA4 is analyzed using contact angle meter and electrochemical workstation. Results indicate that the ceramic coating on pure titanium TA4 by micro-arc oxidation is a porous mixed crystal structure which contains anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2, with the mass fraction of rutile phase being approximately 74.39%, and that after micro-arc oxidation treatment Pure titanium TA4’s surface roughness increases an order of magnitude, its contact angle decreases obviously, surface energy goes up by 87.05% and polar force skyrockets by 166.07%, demonstrating better wetting property, and that self corrosion potential climbs 0.53V in positive direction, and the corrosion current density and corrosion rate reduces three orders of magnitude , exhibiting better corrosion resistance.
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  Preparation of PVDAT@PS Microsphere and Research of Its Biological Application

  . 2014, 45(24): 15-0.

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  Abstract: This research is the first one to synthesize micron grade core-shell microspheres with functional monomer 2-vinyl-4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine(VDAT) for biological application in water. The results showed that, the micron grade, monodisperse, and negatively charged polystyrene microspheres(PS) have been prepared by dispersion polymerization. And the monomer VDAT which is slightly soluble in hot aqueous phase has been polymerized with cationic initiator in water through semi-continuous soap-free emulsion polymerization. Then due to the electrostatic effect, the positively charged poly(VDAT) coated on the negatively charged PS surface and formed the PVDAT@PS microspheres. Finally, the great value of PVDAT@PS functional microspheres in the field of biology has been preliminarily studied through the adsorption situation of PVDAT@PS and different dsDNA.
研究 开发
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  Effects of charge carrier behaviors on the time response of CdZnTe crystals irradiated by pulsed X-rays

  Yadong Xu ;

  . 2014, 45(24): 16-0.

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  As-grown high resistive CdZnTe crystals were employed to fabricate planar detectors. The pulsed X-rays induced transient current waveforms were obtained at room temperature. The rise time and decay time of the transient currents were evaluated. The rise time is approximately of 2 ns, which is independent on the bias voltage. The current decay can be divided into 3 parts. The charge transport behaviors were analyzed using α particles induced pulses combining with time of flight technique. The effects of structure defects on the charge carrier scattering and trapping-detrapping were discussed. In addition, the transient current waveforms of CdZnTe detectors with different thickness were compared as a function of bias voltage. The full wave at half maximum (FWHM) of the transient currents is exponential decay as the bias increases. However, the variation is limited when the detector is thicker than 0.2 mm, which is possibly attributed to the increasing trapping and scattering centers in the materials. Thus, the charge transport properties were degraded and the recombination time was prolonged.
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  Study on high-strength and high-toughness PA6/POE-g-MAH/MWNTs Ternary Composites

  Wei Wu ;;;

  . 2014, 45(24): 17-0.

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  The effect of nylon 6 (PA6) toughened and enhanced by polyethylene-octene elastomer with maleic acid (POE-g-MAH) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are studied in this paper. The results indicate that the carboxylic groups that can be bonding with the amide groups of PA6 are successfully grafted on the surface of MWNTs through acidification, which can improve the dispersion of MWNTs in PA6 and increase the interfacial bonding strength so that the composites can endure more loads and which can also bring about the better enhancement effect for PA6/POE-g-MAH toughening Materials.The notch impact strength of PA6/POE-g-MAH/a-MWNTs(mass ratio of 70/30/1)that is an ideal high strength and high toughness engineering plastics is 6 times as that of PA6, while PA6/POE-g-MAH/a-MWNTs and PA6 share the same tensile strength and bending strength.
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  Mechanical Properties of Polyimide/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Hybrid Film

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  . 2014, 45(24): 18-0.

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  The polyamide acid with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) which have different aspect ratio was prepared through in-situ polymerization method, and then the hybrid PI films were gained through the thermal imidization process. The section morphology of films were analysised by scanning electron microscope(SEM); the change of chemical functional group on multiwall carbon nanotubes acidulated and not acidulated were analysised by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR); the influence of the aspect ratio and contain of MWNTs on mechanical properties of hybrid films were analyzed by electronic universal experiment machine. The results show that the aspect ratio of MWNTs is more advantageous to enhance the tensile strength of hybrid PI films at the small of doping amounts; the upper limit of contain of the MWNTs of small aspect ratio which modify polyimide films that the tensile strength is higher than the tensile strength of polyimide films is higher.
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  Structure design and bonding performance of wood composites with twill weaved from the polyester filament and UHMWPE fiber

  . 2014, 45(24): 19-0.

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  The twill wove using polyester filament and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber. The bonding performance of composites manufactured with wood lumber and the twill were studied, which was to explore the feasibility of UHMWPE in the field of wooden materials application. The twill widths in the structure of wood composites were designed, and the bonding mechanism was also analyzed. The results show that PUR adhesive could be used as twill/wood composite resin because of the lumber especially softwood lumber had low ILSS. The twill/wood composite had the best comprehensive performance in three kinds of forms of UHMWPE products. The ILSS of twill/wood composite could be significantly improved by decreasing the twill pavement width ratio. At last, the influence bonding mechanism was analyzed at the bondline thickness transition area.
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  The effects of different inorganic ions on the morphology and thermochromic properties of porous VO2 films

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  . 2014, 45(24): 20-0.

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  Porous vanadium dioxide films had been fabricated by adding the same main group and different radius inorganic ions Li+、Na+、K+ ,the same cycle and different valence inorganic ions Na+、Mg2+、Al3+ on muscovite (001) substratum with the addition of surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) by sol-gel method.SEM and FT-IR were used to analyze the morphology and thermochromic properties of the films. The results reveal that different valence and size inorganic ions have great effects on grain size, morphology and thermochromic properties of porous VO2 films.
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  Microwave absorption characteristics of nano FeNi powders

  ZHENG Xia Lian;Zhenghou Zhu;huifang LU

  . 2014, 45(24): 21-0.

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  The nano FeNi powders were prepared by liquid phase reduction method. The phase and morphology of FeNi powders were analyzed using XRD and SEM, respectively. The electromagnetic parameters of FeNi powder/solid paraffin composites were measured by the vector network analyzer using the method of coaxial. The results show that the main ingredient of the iron nickel composite powder is FeNi. FeNi powder is spherical. The diameter is about 100 nm. It distributes uniformly. The reflection loss R (dB) of the FeNi composite materials were simulated with the experimental data. When the thickness is 2 mm, the absorption peak value can reach -6.25 dB, the reflection loss R (dB) is less than -4 dB bandwidth from 13.24 GHz to 16.47 GHz. In 2 ~ 18 GHz frequency range, when the thickness is 4 mm, FeNi powder/solid paraffin composites appeared two absorption peaks, which values are less than -4.5 dB.
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  synthesis and vulcanization activity of N-butylxanthate-tetramethyl quaternary ammonium ionic liquids as vulcanization accelerator

  ; yanfei ZENG

  . 2014, 45(24): 22-0.

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  Abstract : Using n-butyl alcohol, CS2 and NaOH as starting materials, and water as a solvent, Sodium n-butyxanthate was synthesized. The synthetic Sodium n-butyxanthate was dissolved in methanol, afterward, tetramethylammonium chloride in methanol was added. After completion of the reaction, the N-butylxanthate-tetramethyl quaternary ammonium ionic liquids (ILS) will be obtained. The structure of the product was confirmed by mass spectrometry (MS), elemental analysis and 1H-NMR. The product was used as a vulcanization accelerator of natural rubber (NR), and compared with the traditional vulcanization accelerator TMTD, CBS. The results show that the n-butyxanthate -tetramethyl quaternary ammonium ionic liquids has excellent performance as vulcanization accelerator for NR, worth of further investigation.
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  Electronic Structures and Optical Properties Analysis on Co Mn-Codoped SnO2 Superlattice

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  . 2014, 45(24): 23-0.

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  Based on the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW) of the first-principles and use generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for engaging in correlation energy, we investigate the density of state (DOS), band structure, optical properties of Co Mn-codoped SnO2 Superlattice. The calculation results implied that the dopant Co and Mn make the material present metallicity, in the case of codoping between the 3d electrons of Co and Mn and the 2p electrons of O come about intensively hybridization,, which lead to the magnetic moment of Co and Mn atom less than 3.0μB. While Co doped situation don’t have hybridization effect, every Co atom generate the 1.56μB magnetic moment. Both the two kinds doping form new dielectric peak at 1.0eV in the low energy region. Compared with Co-codoped the dielectric peak at 1.5eV come into being on condition Co Mn-codoped, absorption coefficient and the reflection coefficient also have the corresponding changes.
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  Study on discharging performance of doping nanocomposite Ag-SnO2 contacts at low temperature sintering

  . 2014, 45(24): 25-0.

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  The Fe-doped nanocomposite Ag-SnO2 contact alloys were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method, high-energy ball milling , hot pressing and sintering technique. The density, hardness, resistivity, brakdown strength and electrical arc erosion of alloys were measured, and the microstructures of the nanocomposite contact alloys were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results show that the nanosized of SnO2 particles were refined doped with Fe, when Fe concentration increases, the size of oxide particles in nanocomposite Ag-SnO2 contact decreases further, and the microstructures of alloys are more homogenous and fine. Meanwhile the hardness, resistivity, average filed strength and arcing life of nanocomposite Ag-SnO2 contact increase, but its the current chopping value decrease. While the Fe-doping concentration has obviously influence on the arc ablation rate of nanocomposite electrical contact alloys.
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  The Effect of Cooling Profile on the Microstructure and Rheology of Mineral Oil-Based Magnetorheological Grease

  Zhi-De HU;

  . 2014, 45(24): 26-0.

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  Three kinds of magnetorheological(MR) grease based on different cooling profile was prepared with a magnetic particle and lithium soap weight fraction of 30% and 7%, respectively. The physicochemical property, microstructure and rheological properties of them were investigated. The results show that the property and microstructure of MR grease can be altered to a large extent by the cooling process. When the cooling velocity was faster, the storage modulus and the consistency of the MRG will become lower, and the separation oil with pressure is worse. The static magnetism of MRG is almost independent of the cooling profile, but the MR effect of MR grease is dramatically affect by the different cooling velocity, the MR grease prepared by room temperature water bath has the best MR effect than others. The difference in modulus of three MR greases can be attributed to the microstructure variance causing by the different cooling profile.
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  Fabrication and dye-salt separation of positively charged PVC/PEI composite nanofiltration membranes

  ;;;;;Bao-Ku ZHU

  . 2014, 45(24): 27-0.

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  By filtering deposition of polyethylene imine (PEI) and then crosslinking by glutaraldehyde, a dense separation layer was introduced onto the surface of PVC ultrafiltration membrane. On this basis, positively charged PVC/PEI composite NF membrane was prepared after the reaction between the remaining amino groups and 2,3-epoxy-trimethyl ammonium chloride(EPTAC). It was found that we would achieve PVC nanofiltration membrane with the best performance using mixture of PEI-7w and PEI-2w (1:1). The PVC/PEI composite NF membrane showed good hydrophilicity and great nanofiltration performance. Under the operating pressure of 0.3MPa, the Congo red rejection and flux is 98.9% and 58.7L?m?2?h?1, respectively, while the NaCl rejection is almost zero. Thus, the PVC nanofiltration membrane was quite qualified for the separation of mixed inorganicsalt and dye solution. This approach is a promising way for fabricating PVC NF membrane with high water flux and dye rejection.
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  Preparation and characterization of hollow fiber composite NF membrane and effect of alcohols on the performance of NF membrane

  ;Kui Li;;ma-tai DING;

  . 2014, 45(24): 28-0.

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  By using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, PES (polyethersulfone) as the substrate, a polypiperazine-amide hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane was prepared through the interfacial polymerization of PIP (piperazine) and TMC (1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride). The optimum preparation conditions were: PIP 1.5wt%, TMC 0.2wt%, polymerization time 30 seconds, heat treatment 80℃/20min. Under the condition of 0.3 MPa and 25℃, it is found that the pure water flux reached 33.6L/m2 h , and the rejection to 1000mg/l MgSO4 reached 85%. The additive alcohols showed a varying influence on the performance of the composite NF membrane by changing the hydroxyl number and the alcohol contents, which provide a tool to adjust the rejection of the polypiperazine-amide NF membrane.
综述 进展
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  Research progress on antibacterial materials of nano-ZnO

  ;Ai-Ping HUI

  . 2014, 45(24): 29-0.

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  In this paper, some antibacterial mechanisms of nano-ZnO and the factors that affect the antibacterial effect of nano-ZnO have been also discussed. International and domestic research hotspot of antibacterial materials of nano-ZnO was introduced. At last, the future development and potential application of nano-ZnO antibacterial materials were evaluated.
研究 开发
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  Influence of CMC addition on rheological behavior of paper coatings

  Yan-Jun TANG

  . 2014, 45(24): 30-0.

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  Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) holds great promise for modifying the rheological behavior and improving the water-holding capacity of paper coatings. In the present work, the influence of CMC addition on the rheologcial behavior of paper coatings was studied, and the rheological curves were fitted by using various rheological models, e.g., Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, and Carreau model. It was indicated that all paper coating samples exhibited decreases in viscosity with the increased shear rate from 0 to 2000 s -1, characterized as pseudoplastic fluids. On another aspect, at the same shear rates, the viscosity of paper coatings increased significantly as the CMC addition increased from 0.5 to 1.0%. The rheological curve fitting results confirmed that Carreau model may be the best one to well describe the rheological curves of paper coatings in comparison to Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley models. Particularly, the obtained rheological parameters including zero-rate viscosity, infinite-rate viscosity and shear rate index derived from Carreau model provided opportunities to ascertain the changes in pseudoplastic behavior. As a result of Carreau model fitting, when increasing the added CMC amount from 0.5% to 1.0%, zero-rate viscosity of paper coatings increased from 100.8 to 161.8 Pa?s, and infinite-rate viscosity changed from 0.03170 to 0.05764, respectively, supporting the role of CMC in viscosity-increasing of paper coatings. Moreover, shear rate index of paper coating were all less than 1.0, showing the flow behavior of shear thinning, which may be consistent with the rheological curves.