30 November 2024, Volume 55 Issue 11
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Study on electromagnetic properties of graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber cross-scale reinforcement
    BAI Erlei, WANG Zhihang, LIU Junliang, ZHAO Jing, ZHOU Junpeng, HUANG He
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11001-11008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.001
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    Graphene oxide is grafted to the surface of carbon fiber with chemical grafting method of “grafting to” by bonding of chemical bonds, and graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber cross-scale reinforcement (CF-GO) is prepared after. The effect of grafted graphene oxide on the electromagnetic properties of carbon fiber is studied by measuring the monofilm conductivity and electromagnetic parameters of carbon fiber and CF-GO. The results show that compared with carbon fiber, the monofilament conductivity of CF-GO decreases, but the complex dielectric constant real part, imaginary part and dielectric loss angle tangent of CF-GO increase. The grafted graphene oxide can enhance the dielectric loss capacity of carbon fiber, but has no effect on the magnetic loss capacity of carbon fiber. In the range of 0-18 GHz, the impedance matching rate and attenuation constant of CF-GO are larger than that of carbon fiber on the whole, and its wave absorbing property is better. Carbon fiber shows better wave absorbing property in high frequency.
  • Preparation and mechanism study of multifunctional materials with novel heterostructured foam stabilizers
    ZHANG Mengyuan, CHENG Baijie, GUANG Shanyi, XU Hongyao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11009-11016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.002
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    In order to solve the performance defects of rigid polyurethane foaming process, such as collapsed bubbles and large holes, the present work was carried out to prepare new POSS-based hybrid siloxane foam stabilizers in one step by a green and simple "thiol-alkene" click reaction. The balance between hydrophobic groups TFEMA (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and CHE (cyclohexene) and hydrophilic APEG (poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate) groups was adjusted to explore the new foam stabilizers with optimal properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful preparation of the composites. SEM characterization and tests on emulsion time, fluidity and compression strength showed that the POSS nanomaterials, which are easy to design and control in structure, can effectively promote the effective mutual solubility of the components, reduce the surface energy, and the terminal hydroxyl group can be chemically connected to the PU skeleton structure effectively, so that the nano-inorganic POSS cores can significantly strengthen the bubble wall during the process of pore formation and effectively inhibit the formation of macropores. During the process of foam pore formation, the inorganic POSS nanocore significantly enhances the foam wall strength and effectively inhibits the formation of large pores. This multifunctional synergy between the inorganic nanocore and low-surface-energy molecule design results in a more uniform distribution of foam pores and excellent mechanical properties of the prepared polyurethane foam. The study provides new inspiration and theoretical basis for the molecular design and development of multifunctional foam stabilizers.
  • Influence of building direction on microstructure and functional properties of NiTi memory alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion
    WANG Cheng, LI Haohang, CHEN Jie, ZHAO Kun, CUI Lishan, HAO Shijie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11017-11023. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.003
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    In the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) manufacturing, the thermal history differences caused by the building direction may lead to variations in grain morphology, defect quantity, and phase composition of metallic components, thereby impacting the mechanical and functional performances of the components. This study was designed to investigate the effects of three building directions, 0°, 45°, and 90°, on the microstructure and mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated NiTi shape memory alloys. The microstructure and transformation behaviors were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical and functional performances of NiTi alloys in both martensitic and austenitic states were evaluated through temperature-controlled tensile testing. The results indicate that the melt pool types for the 0°, 45°, and 90° samples are conduction mode, mixed mode, and keyhole mode, respectively. At room temperature and 100 ℃, the tensile strains of the 0°, 45°, and 90° samples are 10.5%/8.5%, 17%/11%, and 9.5%/5.5%, respectively. After tensile pre-deformed to 6% at room temperature, the shape memory strains of the three groups of samples are 3.3%, 3.4%, and 3.8%, respectively.
  • Effect of transition metal doping on the electronic structure and optical properties of two-dimensional TiSi2N4
    LI Lei, WANG Yi, WANG Guang, ZHANG Zhengli, DING Zhao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11024-11030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.004
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    In this paper, the crystal structure, electrical properties, and optical properties of Co, Fe, and Ni substitutively doped 2D TiSi2N4 are investigated based on the first principles of density-functional theory (DFT). The band gap of intrinsic 2D TiSi2N4 is 2.799 eV, which is an indirect band gap semiconductor and becomes a direct band gap semiconductor after doping with three metals, and the main contribution to the spin-down energy band comes from the N-p orbitals, and the Co- and Ni-doped 2D TiSi2N4 introduces 2 and 4 siderophore impurity energy levels into the forbidden band, which narrows the width of the forbidden band and increases the carrier concentration, respectively, but does not affect the electrical conductivity of 2D TiSi2N4, and the TiSi2N4 doped with Co, Fe, and Ni has significantly enhanced absorption in the visible and partially UV bands, and the reflection of UV light has been reduced. In addition, through the calculation of the SLME efficiency of Fe- and Ni-doped 2D TiSi2N4, it is found that they can be used as an optional material for the absorber layer in a solar cell with a thickness of 1 μm.
  • Electrolytic synthesis of gallium oxide powders and study of their properties
    LIAO Wenqi, XU Huarui, CHEN Caiming, ZHAO Yunyun, LONG Shenfeng, WEI Tingting, ZHU Guisheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11031-11037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.005
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    With the increasing requirements of conductive films for display devices, IGZO targets with high densities and high conductivities have been rapidly developed. In this paper, a new method of synthesizing Ga2O3 by electrolysis, using pure Ga metal sheet as anode, graphite rod as cathode, and NH4Cl aqueous solution as electrolyte, we successfully synthesized lamellar cocoon-shaped GaOOH nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 580 nm, which were calcined at 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ for 3 h, respectively, to obtain α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 The α-Ga2O3 and β-Ga2O3 nanopowders were obtained, and the β-Ga2O3 target was prepared from the β-Ga2O3 powder by combining the cold sintering process with high-temperature sintering, and the sintering performance and microstructure of the β-Ga2O3 target were investigated. The results show that the current density has a significant effect on the morphology and particle size of GaOOH nanoparticles, and the GaOOH lamellar cocoon-like nanoparticles obtained when the current density is 1 A/cm2 have small and uniform particle size. The higher density β-Ga2O3 target was obtained by cold sintering process-high temperature sintering, and its relative density reached 98.91%, which provided a reference for the subsequent preparation of IGZO targets with high densities and high conductivities.
    • Review & Advanc
  • Study on ion irradiation behavior of tungsten rhenium alloy
    NAN Lingxin, QI Yanfei, XU Pengfei, LI Yungang, GU Jiahao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11038-11047. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.006
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    In order to achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction in new energy sources, the service life of PMFs has become a key issue. In fusion reactor, the deuterium tritium fusion reaction will release high-energy neutrons, which will transmutation tungsten into rhenium. The reaction can inhibit the growth of bubbles, reduce the irradiation hardening and embrittlement, so the W-Re alloy has good resistance to plasma irradiation. In this paper, the mechanism of damage behavior of W and W-Re alloys under ion irradiation is described in detail, and the research progress in recent years is reviewed and prospected, which provides a reference for the later research of W-Re alloys in ion irradiation.
  • Research progress of nano-mesoporous iron oxides
    WU Zeqing, LONG Haibo, YU Chuanshun, LIU Kaixuan, FU Zhongchao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11048-11053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.007
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    Nano-mesoporous iron oxides have considerable application value in adsorption, separation, catalysis and other fields, with the characteristics of abundant pore structure, high specific surface area and ordered pore size distribution. Nevertheless, diverse synthesis methods can result in nano-mesoporous iron oxides with different morphologies and even different crystal phases. The product channels can be controlled to achieve a purposeful "pore making" by using different preparation methods and adjusting experimental parameters, and further applied to various fields according to its properties. In this paper, the preparation and application of nano-mesoporous iron oxide were reviewed, and the research direction in this field was put forward.
    • Research & Development
  • Improved preparation technology of magnetic hydroxyapatite and its adsorption mechanism for Ni(Ⅱ) by response surface method
    WU Teng, REN Jie, LI Mengfang, WANG Lei, WANG Xudong, LYU Yongtao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11054-11065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.008
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    In this paper, the response surface method is used to improve the magnetic properties of hydroxyapatite(HAP). With CaCl2 and KH2PO4 as raw materials, HAP is prepared by hydrothermal method. With FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3·6H2O as magnetic sources, magnetic hydroxyapatite(MP) is prepared by co-precipitation method. The optimum preparation conditions were obtained by response surface method. By means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM), infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and magnetometer(VSM), the structural and magnetic properties were characterized, and the physical and chemical properties were further analyzed. The effects of pH, initial concentration and dosage on the adsorption of Ni(Ⅱ) in water were investigated. The kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process was more consistent with the quasi-second-order kinetic model (R2=0.9991), and the adsorption isotherm was better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model (R2=0.998-0.999). The thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of Ni(Ⅱ) by MP was a spontaneous, endothermic and entropy increasing process. The results show that the modified MP has better dispersibility, larger specific surface area and good magnetic properties, and has higher adsorption efficiency for Ni(Ⅱ) in water, the adsorption capacity can reach 33.40 mg/L, and has a good application prospect for Ni(Ⅱ) recovery in water.
  • First-principles study on Li storage properties of NiSnO3
    CHEN Junjie, ZHANG Ruidan, CHEN Yue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11066-11075. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.009
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    NiSnO3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal technique as an anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), The good reversible ability of NiSnO3 electrode is mainly attributed to the NiO, Sn and Li2O formed in the first discharge of the NiSnO3 electrode can act as buffer substrates for each other, which buffer the volume change of the NisnO3 electrode during the charge and discharge reaction. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ions in the process of charging and discharging of NiSnO3 nanomaterials was obtained by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). It can be seen that NiSnO3 nanomaterials have a faster charging and discharging rate, which is mainly attributed to the higher specific surface area (94.40 m2/g) of NiSnO3 nanoparticles. At the same time, the smaller nanoparticle size (4-9 nm) helps to improve the contact area between the surface of the NiSnO3 electrode and the electrolyte, reducing the diffusion distance of lithium ions. Further exploration of the adsorption energy (-2.93 eV), electron density difference, intrinsic charge transfer (1.01 e), diffusion barrier (0.112 eV) and diffusion coefficient (1.73×10-4 cm2/s) of lithium ions on NiSnO3 surface were conducted using first principles. The results all indicate that there is a strong interaction between lithium ions and NiSnO3 surface, and a fast charging and discharging rate of NiSnO3 nanomaterials. This article demonstrates that NiSnO3 has the potential to serve as a promising anode material for LIBs from both experimental and theoretical perspectives.
  • Study on the preparation and mechanism of APP/MPP/THEIC intumescent flame retardancy low density polyethylene
    LIU Menglong, OU Hongxiang, RAN Yining, XUE Honglai, ZHU Fang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11076-11083. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.010
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    The study utilized halogen-free intumescent flame retardant(IFR) compounded with ammonium polyphosphate(APP), melamine polyphosphate(MPP) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate(THEIC) to prepare intumescent flame-retardant LDPE materials by melt blending with low density polyethylene(LDPE). Limiting oxygen index(LOI), vertical combustion, mechanical properties, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry were used to study the properties of LDPE flame retardant materials. The results showed that when the addition of IFR was 30wt% and the mass ratio of APP, MPP and THEIC was 3∶1∶1, the LOI value of the composite LDPE3 was 28.3%, and UL-94 reached V-0 rating. Cone calorimetry analysis showed that the peak heat release rate(pHRR) and total heat release(THR) of LDPE3 were reduced by 62.2% and 22.8%, respectively, compared with pristine LDPE. During the combustion process, the LDPE flame retardant materials formed a dense and stable carbon layer. The halogen-free intumescent flame retardant system composed of APP, MPP and THEIC can effectively improve the flame retardancy of LDPE composites.
  • Study on the preparation and properties of nano-sized barium titanate slurry and tape casting
    HUANG Tao, XU Huarui, ZHAO Yunyun, XU Feng, XU Kun, FENG Zhongjun, DENG Zuiliang, ZHU Guisheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11084-11089. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.011
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    The development of ultra-thin dielectrics for MLCCs has presented novel challenges in terms of the dispersion of barium titanate nano-powders. However, the dispersion of the powder is constrained by the size effect of barium titanate nanoparticles, surface effect and other related limiting factors. The present study utilized barium titanate with an average particle size of 100 nm as the raw material. By investigating the impact of various ball milling conditions on powder dispersion, a slurry with exceptional dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, this slurry was processed into ceramics through tape casting, laminating, and sintering techniques, followed by measurement of its dielectric properties. The results demonstrate that the 100 nm barium titanate slurry, achieved through improved powder dispersibility in the solvent, exhibits excellent dispersion. The green tape made from tape casting this slurry demonstrated excellent uniformity and adaptability to tape cast. Furthermore, sintered barium titanate ceramics exhibited a significantly higher dielectric constant of 6 311, representing a 35% increase compared to ceramics produced from commercially available submicron-grade barium titanate powders. The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for the subsequent utilization of 100 nm barium titanate nano-powder in the industrial production of MLCCs.
  • Preparation and luminescent properties of rare earth ions doped NaGdF4 down-conversion luminescent materials
    JI Xiyan, YANG Kun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11090-11095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.012
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    NaGdF4 was selected as the matrix material, and Er3+and Yb3+were used as doping elements, Er3+/Yb3+ doped NaGdF4 down-conversion luminescent materials were prepared by hydrothermal method, and characterized by XRD, SEM, emission spectroscopy, fluorescence attenuation analysis, etc. The results showed that the doping of Er3+/Yb3+ didn’t change the lattice structure of NaGdF4, and no new products were generated. The sample had good purity, with an average particle size between 50 and 60 nm. The sample was irradiated with 380 nm excitation light, and the emission spectra showed emission peaks of 699, 662, 563 and 554 nm, corresponding to the 4I9/2→4I15/2, 4F9/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 2H11/2→4I15/2 energy level transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. With the increase of Yb3+ doping concentration, the luminescence intensity in the near-infrared region showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The CIE color coordinate indicated that the color of the sample gradually transitions from the yellow green region to the blue purple region. When n(Er3+)∶n(Yb3+)=2∶2, the emission spectral intensity of NaGdF4 luminescent material was the highest in the visible light region. The energy transfer efficiency and quantum efficiency continuously increased with the increased of Yb3+ concentration. When the concentration of Yb3+ reached 6 mol%, the minimum sample lifetime was 7.70 μs. At this doping concentration, NaGdF4 had the highest energy transfer efficiency and quantum efficiency, which were 81.19% and 181.19%, respectively.
  • The anomalous Hall effect inperpendicular magnetic anisotropy NiCo2O4 epitaxial films
    WANG Ting, WANG Ping, WU Yong, ZHANG Jian, ZHANG Delin, JIANG Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11096-11100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.013
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    The ferrimagnetic material NiCo2O4 possesses excellent room-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with highly adjustable charge, spin, orbital, lattice, and defect effects, making it crucial for applications in spintronics devices. In this work, the NiCo2O4 films were prepared on MgAl2O4(001) substrates by using magnetron sputtering, which has a smooth surface and high-quality epitaxial structure. Both 12 nm and 16 nm NiCo2O4 films exhibit excellent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In the 16 nm NiCo2O4 film, unconventional electrical transport characteristics were observed. From 200 K, the curves of anomalous Hall effect show a multi-step magnetization switching with increasing temperature. This variation is attributed to the mutual superposition of multiple magnetic phases in the NiCo2O4. The outstanding magneto-electric properties of NiCo2O4, along with its high adjustability, provide an experimental basis for designing spintronic devices.
  • Halfmetallic ferromagnetism study of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) doped two-dimensional CrI3 monolayer
    ZHANG Weihua, LI Yuxin, WANG Zhen, LUO Yifu, LIU Xianglin, PENG Bo, DING Shoubing, WU Zhimin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11101-11106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.014
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    In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent magneto-electric properties. By employing the first-principles calculations, the charge distribution, crystal stability, electronic structure, and Curie temperature (TC) of 2D CrI3 monolayer and its doping with alkali metals (Li, Na, K) were calculated and analyzed. The research results demonstrate that the CrI3 monolayer and alkali metal-doped systems exhibit stable covalent crystal structures, with strong bonding abilities between the atoms. Within the octahedral crystal field composed of I atoms, the Cr atoms undergo spin splitting, resulting in the magnetic semiconductor properties of the CrI3 monolayer. The introduction of alkali metals increases the carrier concentration of the system, thereby enhancing the ferromagnetic exchange interaction between Cr atoms and improving the TC from 46 K to 95 K. Furthermore, the increase in electron concentration leads to an increase in the occupancy of Cr-3d orbitals, resulting in an enlargement of the spin magnetic moment of Cr atoms. This enables the doped system to exhibit stable half-metallicity, with a 100% spin polarization and a large half-metallic bandgap of 1.13 eV (Li doped), 1.26 eV (Na doped) and 1.41 eV (K doped), respectively, effectively suppressing thermal disturbance and spin flipping. Therefore, these findings provide potential candidate materials for spintronics.
  • Investigation into structure and property of Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5-xGaxO6-δ perovskite as cathodes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
    ZHANG Yanli, ZHAO Jiale, ZENG Simeng, LIN Fuhua, WANG Bo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11107-11114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.015
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    In this study, B-site Ga-doped Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5-xGaxO6-δ (SFMGx, x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) cathode materials are synthesized by the citric acid~glycine combustion method. The effects of Ga-doping on the crystal structure, electrical conductivity, and electrochemical performance are investigated. The doping of Ga into the SFM leads to lattice shrinkage and increases conductivity in air. Additionally, the introduction of Ga increases the oxygen vacancy concentration, leading to high catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. For all the samples, SFMG0.3 exhibits the best electrochemical performance with the lowest polarization resistance of 0.624 Ω cm2 at 600 ℃ in air, reduced by 80.57% compared with the SFM cathode. All of these results indicate that the Ga-doping of SFM can substantially improve the electrochemical performance.
  • Preparation of high performances polystyrene sulfonate sodiumnan of iltration membrane and its application for I- removal
    LUO Qiaoyu, DENG Huiyu, WANG Shiping, NIE Liang, CHEN Qingchun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11115-11124. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.016
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    The presence of radioactive I- or excessive I- in water will greatly harm the natural environment and affect human health. In this experiment, polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS) nanofiltration membranes were prepared by in-situ UV grafting of styrene sulfonate sodium on polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane for the removal of I- from aqueous solution. The performances of the membrane were regulated by changing the monomer concentration, the amount of monomer solution, the irradiation time and the irradiation distance. When 40 mL 0.5mol /L sodium styrene sulfonate (SS) solution was added onto the surface of the substrate membrane and irradiated by 300 w UV light at 4 cm for 15 min, the removal rate for 100 mg/L I- of the prepared NF-4 cm membrane reached 92.6% at 0.6 Mpa, and the flux was 47.7 L /m2 h. Further increasing the distance to 10 cm, the flux of the prepared NF-10 cm membrane increased significantly, reached 112.9 L/m2 h because of the larger pore size and the thinner separation layer. Due to the higher effective negative surface charge, the removal rate only decreased to 82.9%. For NF-4 cm membrane,it should be noted that the I- removing rate remained stable more than 90% and the flux increased by increasing the operation pressure. The anti-interference ability to Cl- of NF-4 cm membrane is strong which indicated that the membrane had well application potential in the treatment of I--containing wastewater.
  • Construction of cobalt iron layered double hydroxides and their electrocatalytic performance for water splitting
    HUANG Yarong, YU Runze, GUAN Lili
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11125-11131. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.017
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    Due to the increasing energy pollution and the significant consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels, it is urgent to explore new green and clean energy carriers. Two dimensional layered double hydroxides exhibit excellent electrochemical catalytic activity in water splitting, but their poor conductivity and low specific surface area hinder further performance improvement. This work successfully constructed cobalt iron layered double hydroxides (CoFe-LDHs) with unique morphology by hydrothermal method, and investigated the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts for water splitting in 1 mol/L KOH. An electrolyzer with CoFe-LDHs-1∶1 as both cathode and anode shows a low voltage of 1.62 V to afford the current density of 10 mA/cm2. Moreover, it is no obvious degradation was detected in the water splitting stability test.
  • Effect of Al and Mn doping on amorphous forming ability and magnetic properties ofFeCoNiSiB high entropy alloy
    JI Li, YANG Simeng, YU Ran, OUYANG Yue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11132-11136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.018
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    In order to further optimize the magnetic properties of high entropy amorphous soft magnetic alloy, the co-doping of Al and Mn elements and the influence of Mn doping concentration on the amorphous forming ability and magnetic properties of the alloy were analyzed based on FeCoNiSiB. The results indicate that the alloy ribbons containing Al element have all experienced partial crystallization, and the crystallization is most severe when the Al content is 10at%. The size of α-Fe(Si) nanoparticles formed by crystallization is smaller than the ferromagnetic exchange length Lex, and the smoothing effect caused by the exchange interaction between grains fails, leading to an increase in magnetocrystalline anisotropy and coercive force. The doping of Mn makes the high entropy amorphous alloy have A more coordinated atomic configuration, and effectively improves the amorphous formation ability and magnetic properties of the high entropy alloy. When the doping amount of Mn is 10at% and 15at%, the coercivity is relatively low, measuring less than 2 A/m.
  • Preparation and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using MOF-808/AgBr
    DU Shuya, WANG Xudong, DONG Yonghao, LYU Jiachen, LI Jie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11137-11146. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.019
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    MOF/AgBr composite materials were synthesized using hydrothermal and in-situ precipitation methods, and applied to simulate the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) under solar irradiation. The results showed that when the AgBr doping amount was 30%, the composite material MOF/AgBr-3 exhibited high photocatalytic activity after 180 minutes of visible light irradiation, with a degradation rate of 84.50% for TC-HCl. The reaction rate constant of the composite material is approximately 0.0121/min,which is about 6.1 times that of the original AgBr, according to the fitting of first-order kinetics. The single photon excitation pathway constructed between MOF-808 and AgBr improves the efficiency of photo generated carrier transport and separation, expands the visible light response range, and achieves effective separation of holes (h+) and electrons (e-) in space. Superoxide radicals (·O-2) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are the main active species in photocatalytic reactions. This composite material has good stability, and after five cycles, its photodegradation ability retention rate is as high as 84.35%. The degradation pathways of TC-HCl include its own hydrolysis, deamination, demethylation, oxidation, and ring opening processes.
  • Preparation and performance study of floating bead modified thermal insulation and sound insulation mortar
    WU Bing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11147-11152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.020
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    A thermal insulation and sound insulation mortar was prepared using ordinary Portland cement, polystyrene particles, and polypropylene fibers as raw materials, and with floating beads replacing cement in the mortar. The influence of different replacement rates of floating beads on the mechanical properties, microstructure, insulation performance, and sound insulation performance of mortar was studied. The results indicated that the increase in the replacement rate of floating beads improved the gradation of concrete and reduced the detachment of the damaged surface morphology. As the replacement rate of floating beads gradually increased, the density, compressive strength, flexural strength, shear bond strength, and linear shrinkage rate of insulation and sound insulation mortar decreased, while the consistency increased. The lowest density of mortar with a 20% replacement rate of floating beads was 421 kg/m3, and the lowest compressive strength and flexural strength were 2.79 and 0.67 MPa, respectively. The lowest compressive shear bond strength and linear shrinkage rate were 0.41 MPa and 0.216%, respectively. The increase in the replacement rate of floating beads forms more hollow structures in the insulation and sound insulation mortar, improving the insulation and sound insulation performance of the mortar. The thermal conductivity of the mortar with a floating bead replacement rate of 20% was the lowest value of 0.042 W/(m·K), indicating the best insulation performance. The impact sound pressure level of mortar in the frequency range of 8-16 kHz was relatively low, and its sound insulation ability was strong. The mortar with a floating bead replacement rate of 20% had the lowest impact sound pressure level of 31 HB at 16 kHz.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of TiO2 particles by sol-gel method and its application in perovskite solar cell
    LI Tianjing, YAN Ting, WANG Ying, YANG Peining, XIE Ning, GUO Tingting, KONG Lintao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11153-11157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.021
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    Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were prepared by two different methods based on the sol-gel method, and the methyl orange degradation experiments showed that the catalytic degradation performance of TiO2 particles prepared by the two-step ethanol method was better than that of TiO2 prepared by the one-step method, and the surface morphology of the TiO2 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface morphology of TiO2 particles prepared by one-step method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the characterization of chalcogenide photovoltaic device performance shows that the TiO2 particles prepared by the one-step method mainly show anatase phase, and its application in chalcogenide solar cells under the environment of air, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cell reaches 12.7%, while the TiO2 particles prepared by the two-step method appear anatase and rutile two kinds of diffraction peaks, and the mixed-crystalline form makes the PCE of chalcogenide cells decreased to 9.4%, so it can be concluded that TiO2 prepared by one-step method can improve the performance of calcite solar cells when used as an electron transport layer.
  • Effect of electrodeposition potential on corrosion resistance of nickel-cobalt alloysuper-hydrophobic coatings
    LI Hongliang, LIU Shengda, CUI Mengchao, CAO Lili
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11158-11163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.022
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    A nickel cobalt alloy coating was prepared on the surface of carbon steel using electrochemical deposition method. The effects of electrochemical deposition potential on the morphology, chemical composition, and hydrophobicity of nickel cobalt alloy coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and wetting angle detector. Using an electrochemical workstation, corrosion resistance testing was performed on samples obtained at different potentials using Tafel curve extrapolation and AC impedance method. The results indicate that as the deposition potential increases, the surface particles of the coating gradually increase, indicating that the deposition rate increases with the increase of potential, and the uniformity of the coating surface particles exhibits different states at different potentials. After being modified with 5% PFTEOS ethanol solution, the surface of the sample reaches a superhydrophobic state at deposition potentials of -1.4 V and -1.6 V. Electrochemical polarization curve testing and AC impedance testing indicate that the nickel cobalt alloy coating obtained at an electrodeposition potential of -1.4 V after PFTEOS modification exhibits better corrosion resistance.
  • Mesoscopic analysis of the influence of initial defects on the one-way tensile characteristics of heterogeneous SFRCC
    KANG Guanying, CHAI Junrui, YANG Yi, QIN Yuan , WANG Wenjie, CAO Jing, SU Jiangxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11164-11173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.023
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    Initial defects can have a large impact on the mechanical properties of steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites (SFRCC). In this paper, a two-dimensional SFRCC model consisting of steel fibers, cement mortar matrix and interface transition zone is established through parametric language, four types of initial defects at the interface, mortar, surface and three simultaneous existences are arranged, and a nonhomogeneous model is established in combination with Weibull distribution function to simulate the uniaxial tensile damage of nonhomogeneous SFRCC specimens under different initial defects. The results show that different types of initial defects affect the tensile strength of SFRCC materials with different mean directional effect coefficients to different degrees. The effects of different types of initial defects on the mechanical properties of SFRCC materials in the fine unit are investigated, and the tensile damage process and damage mechanism of non-homogeneous SFRCC materials in the presence of different initial defects are revealed.
  • Preparation of stacked graphite phase carbon nitride and its application in fabric compliance care
    CHEN Kai, XIAO Kaijun, CHEN Tao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11174-11181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.024
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    In this paper, a kind of layered carbon nitride that can be used for fabric smoothing care was studied for the first time. By using sulfonic acid as a pore-causing agent, and dicyandiamide and urea as a base frame, layered g-C3N4 with abundant pore structure was obtained, which can be effectively attached to the surface of fabrics. The absorbed layered g-C3N4 play an effective role in lubricating the attached fabric and smoothing the frizziness through its thin two-dimensional nanoscale layers. The characterization of SEM and BET were used to explore the micro-porous structure and the increase of specific surface area. The basic physicochemical properties of layered g-C3N4 were confirmed by FT-IR, XRD and XPS and it obtained the normal performance. The particle size analysis of g-C3N4 shows that particle size of layered g-C3N4 has a fundamental impact on the fabric conditioner. The layered g-C3N4 with an average particle size close to 3 μm can play the best role in fabric conditioner, while too high or too low particle size will cause the fabric smoothing performance of layered g-C3N4 to decline. The fabric compliance care with layered g-C3N4 as fabric conditioner in washing process make fabric feel smoother compared with the untreated fabric. What's more, the bulkiness and the antistatic property of fabric were improved after treated by layered g-C3N4. With the excellent chemical stability, the synthesized layered g-C3N4 can be compatible with various washing systems for synchronous process of cleaning and smoothness for fabric washing. In this study, porous layered g-C3N4 was used for the first time in the application of fabric softener, providing a new research direction for the use of nanomaterials in fabric care.
  • Research on thermoelectric properties of Si0.85Ge0.15 alloy controlled by B doping
    JING Danyang, LI Jie, CHENG Zhanqi, KUANG Jing, DUAN Xingkai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11182-11187. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.025
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    SiGe alloy is an important high-temperature thermoelectric material, and the optimization of its thermoelectric properties has attracted more attention. In this paper, Si0.85Ge0.15Bx(x=0.01, 0.015, 0.04, 0.045, 0.05, 0.06) alloys were successfully prepared using arc melting and hot pressing. The phase structure, microstructure and chemical composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of B doping on the electrical and thermal transport properties of Si0.85Ge0.15 alloy were investigated. The results show that in the temperature range of 300 K to 950 K, the Seebeck coefficients are positive, which indicates the characteristics of P-type semiconductor. The Seebeck coefficient increases with the increase of temperature. With the increase of B doping concentration, the electrical conductivity increases gradually, and the Seebeck coefficient decreases continuously. At 950 K, the Seebeck coefficient of Si0.85Ge0.15B0.01 sample has the largest value. When the temperature is 750 K, the power factor of the sample with B content of 0.04 has the maximum value of 1.72×10-3 /(W·m·K2). At 900 K, the ZT value of the sample with B doping content of 0.04 reaches 0.4, which is about 1.5 times higher than that of the sample with B doping content of 0.01.
  • Photo-assisted potentiodynamic deposition of black Ni-Ce oxide composite coatings and their properties
    QIN Zizhou, YANG Yumeng, JIN Tongzheng, JIANG Xinyi, ZHU Benfeng, WEI Guoying
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11188-11195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.026
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    A black Ni-Ce oxide composite coating was applied to the surface of Q235 steel using the potentiodynamic method. The influence of photo light on the performance of the composite coatings and the mechanism of spontaneous hydrophobic changes in the coating were investigated. Results shown that the coating prepared with photo light exhibited a higher deposition rate and thicker coating thickness, indicating the positive effect of photo on the coating's deposition. The newly prepared coating exhibited near superhydrophilic properties, but after being exposed to air for 15 days, it gradually translated to an almost superhydrophobic conditions. Perhaps the synergistic effect of hydrocarbon adsorptions from the air and structural alterations on the coating's surface contributed to changes in hydrophobicity. The Ni-Ce oxide composite coatings deposited with or without photo light possess excellent absorption and emissivity properties.
  • Preparation and ignition performance of Al/B/Fe2O3 thermite with core-shell structure
    XIE Qiang, LI Hui, LIU Lei, YANG Yongfu, WANG Meng, ZOU Zongshan, WANG Guangbing, WANG Jiyu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11196-11202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.027
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    Thermite is a promising energetic composite material. Its composition is a metal-based reaction system obtained by composite treatment of metal aluminum and metal oxide or non-metallic oxide. In order to improve the ignition and combustion performance of thermite, we prepared Al/B complex by surface functionalization technology. Nano-aluminum powder reacts with oxidizer in advance to release a lot of heat and provide energy for the combustion of B particles. At the same time, the reaction rate and reactivity of thermite prepared are improved as the second energy. Based on this, Al/B/Fe2O3 core-shell thermite was prepared by emulsion solvent volatilization method. Characterization of the morphology and structure of the samples, in addition, ignition performance tests and ignition simulation experiments were carried out on the thermite. The results showed that the minimum ignition energy of the aluminum thermite with the composition ratio of 65% Fe2O3, 5% binder, and 30% Al/B complex was 389.04 J/g, and the maximum temperature of incendiary agent was 950.9 ℃, which was able to detonate the rock-breaking incendiary agent based waste biomass successfully.
  • Schottky contact characteristics of silver coated copper/n-Si loaded with rGO
    FENG Wei, ZHANG Hui, LI Yapeng, WANG Huiqi, LI Shilin, WU Zeyuan, YANG Xuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11203-11208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.028
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    In order to obtain Schottky heterojunctions with good rectification characteristics and cost-effective performance, reduced graphene oxide-loaded silver-coated copper nanocomposites(rGO/Cu@AgNPs) were prepared by chemical reduction method, and rGO/Cu@AgNPs/n-Si Schottky heterojunctions were prepared by spin-coating method, to investigate the Schottky contact characteristics of rGO/Cu@AgNPs as electrode materials. Test methods such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDS were used for testing and analyzing. Comparative analysis of rGO loaded Cu@AgNPs with three different mass ratios showed that when the mass ratio of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and AgNO3 was 5:1.5, the silver particles were effective in encapsulating the copper particles, and the formation of the encapsulated particles had a better dispersion on the surface of graphene and in the interlayer, which was tested by current-voltage (I-V). The current-voltage (I-V) test was analyzed and calculated that the ideal factor of the Schottky heterojunction was 1.43, and the barrier height was 0.642 eV, which indicated that the prepared heterojunction exhibited good rectification effect.
  • Preparation of porous carbon from seaweed residue and its electrochemical properties
    TIAN Yuhong, TANG Yiwei, DU Zhuangzhuang, LI Linbo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11209-11217. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.029
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    Seaweed residue is used as a waste for extracting sodium alginate from seaweed, which has a wide range of sources but low utilization rate. Seaweed residue was used as the precursor to provide the carbon source, and H3PO4 was used as the activator to prepare the seaweed residue-based porous carbon by one-step carbonization and activation method. When the impregnation ratio of seaweed residue to H3PO4 with 50% mass fraction was 2:1, the activation temperature was 450 ℃, and the activation time was 120 min, the pore structure of the seaweed residue-based porous carbon material was the most abundant, with a specific surface area of 428.30 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.56 cm3/g, and a microporous proportion of 32.14%. The electrochemical properties of seaweed residue based porous carbon prepared under optimal conditions were tested by three-electrode system. The results show that the maximum specific capacitance is 123.40 F/g, and it has good rate performance, low impedance and cycling stability. On this basis, the seaweed residue based porous carbon symmetrical supercapacitors were further assembled. The test results of the two-electrode system also show good rate performance and charge-discharge reversibility, and the maximum energy density of a single device can reach 10.75 Wh/kg. It can be seen that the supercapacitor performance of porous carbon material has good energy storage advantages and practical application potential, regardless of whether it is a three-electrode or a two-electrode system.
  • Effect of heat flux on heat transfer enhancement of copper metal foam-paraffin
    GUI Jintao, LYU Nan, WANG Zilong, ZHU Liucan, YANG Bin, JIN Qian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11218-11226. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.030
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    To investigate the effect of heat flux on the enhanced heat transfer of metal foam copper-paraffin composite phase change energy storage materials, this paper designs and builds a set of semi-cylindrical visual heat storage device, analyzes the enhanced heat transfer mechanism of heat flow density on the melting process of phase change materials. The experimental results show that increasing the heat flux exacerbates the temperature imbalance effect inside the composite phase change material. When the heat flux is increased from 3.6 to 10.9 kW/m2, the maximum temperature difference inside the phase change material in the vertical direction is increased from 12.16 K to 32.97 K. The maximum temperature differences between the middle and the top of the heated wall and the horizontal corresponding to the center of the phase change material and the top are increased from 34.05 K to 75.55 K and 25.68 K to 49.85 K, respectively. The maximum temperature difference between the middle and top of the heated wall and the center of the phase change material at the level of the top and the middle and top of the heated wall increased from 34.05 K to 75.55 K and 25.68 K to 49.85 K, respectively. The rate of heat storage increased from 11.32 J/s to 37.56 J/s, and the amount of heat storage increased from 18.59 kJ to 24.64 kJ. In addition, the effective thermal conductivity and the integrated heat transfer coefficient of the composite phase change material increased by 61.06% and 6.41%, respectively, at which time the percentage of natural convection in the heat transfer mechanism during melting of the phase change material was increased from 0.207 to 0.313.
  • Preparation of dicyandiamide formaldehyde modified hemp fiber adsorbent and its adsorption of anionic dyes
    ZHANG Luohong, LIU Yunjiao, HU Yixin, LAN Yifeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(11): 11227-11236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.11.031
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    In response to the narrow pH application range and difficult separation and recovery of dicyandiamide formaldehyde (DDF) for decolorization of dye wastewater, a wide area pH efficient adsorbent (HF-APT-DDF) suitable for removing anionic dyes was prepared by grafting DDF onto hemp fiber (HF) using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) coupling agent. We investigated the effects of different factors on the adsorption performance of three dyes, congo red (CR), acid blue 9 (AO9), and reactive yellow K-6G (RBY K-6G), under single and mixed components. The results show that HF-APT-DDF has good decolorization effect in the pH range of 4-10. At a temperature of 298 k, initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L, pH of 8, adsorption time of 1.5 h, and dosage of 1.0 g/L and 1.4 g/L, the decolorization efficiency of HF-APT-DDF for single and mixed component dyes exceeded 97%. The maximum adsorption capacities for CR, AO9, and RBY K-6G were 116.62 mg/g, 80.16 mg/g, and 103.86 mg/g, respectively. After 5 cycles of use, the decolorization rate of HF-APT-DDF is still above 80%. The influence of inorganic salt ions on adsorption performance ranges from large to small: PO3-4>CO2-3>SO2-4>NO-3>Cl-. The adsorption of dyes by HF-APT-DDF is a spontaneous exothermic process, following the quasi second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model.
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