30 October 2024, Volume 55 Issue 10

    

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  CONTENTS

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 0-0.

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Focuses & Concerns
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  Mesoporous zinc silicate composites derived from iron ore tailings and their efficient adsorption for methylene blue

  WANG Dongmei, DING Kaizheng, XU Guangqing, GUO Minna, HAN Miao, LYU Jun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10001-10007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.001

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  The functional utilization of iron ore tailings (IOT) converted into high value-added products is receiving increasing attention and expectation. Herein, mesoporous zinc silicate composites, including zincsilite composite and hemimorphite composite with flower-like morphology assembled by layered nanosheets, as well as willemite composite with ellipsoidal morphology assembled by short rods, were synthesized from iron ore tailings by introducing zinc ions via hydrothermal reaction process. Mesoporous zinc silicate composite hemimorphite has a typical narrow pore structure formed by the aggregation of sheet-like particles, with a pore width of about 3.385 nm and a specific surface area of 96.15 m²/g. The composite shows efficient adsorption capacity for the dye methylene blue(MB), with a removal rate of nearly 100% within 10 min, and has potential application prospects in the field of dye waste water treatment.
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  Preparation and reliability test of diamond/aluminum composites

  WANG Xiangyu, LI Haizhu, FAN Desong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10008-10012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.002

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  Diamond/aluminum composites have the advantages of high thermal conductivity and low density, making them ideal cooling materials for aerospace electronic devices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the factors influencing the thermal conductivity of diamond/aluminum composites, as well as their reliability. In view of the above problems, spark plasma sintering method was utilized to prepare diamond/aluminum composites with a thermal conductivity of 462 W/(m·K). It considered the effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and diamond particle size combination. Additionally, the heat spreader reliability of this diamond/aluminum composite in high and low temperature and vibration environment was studied. The results demonstrated that the diamond/aluminum composite effectively reduced the heat source temperature by 13 ℃ compared to aluminum alloy when subjected to a heat flux of 70 W/cm². Furthermore, diamond/aluminum composites can maintain stable physical properties and structural reliability in the high and low temperature and vibration environment, effectively exerting their heat dissipation capacity. Overall, diamond/aluminum composites can be presented as a reliable solution for heat dissipation in aerospace electronic devices.
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  Research on stability of photocrosslinked polyvinyl alcohol/silver nanowire composite transparent conductive films

  GUO Peiyi, JI Shulin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10013-10021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.003

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  Water-soluble photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl) pyridinium methosulfate acetal (SbQ-PVA) solution was coated onto silver nanowire (AgNW) films to form SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films by a simple solution process. The optical-electrical properties and morphology of AgNW films with different surface densities before and after coating with SbQ-PVA were analyzed, and the mechanical as well as environmental stability of the AgNW films were compared with that of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films. The results show that the SbQ-PVA coating does not affect the electrical conductivity of the silver nanowire network and also enhances the optical properties, resulting in a high transmittance of about 90% for composite films with sheet resistance as low as about 20 Ω/sq. Meanwhile, the mechanical stability of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films is significantly enhanced, with the resistance value changing by only 1% in 5 000 bending cycle tests, and it can withstand the scratching of 3B pencil. The SbQ-PVA also brings excellent environmental stability to the composite films, which can maintain the resistance and morphology stability for 4 months in atmospheric environment, and it can also be well resisted to the corrosion of acid, alkali, and salt solutions. In addition, the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films are able to remain stable in deionized water ultrasonication, and this feature can be utilized with a photomask for one-step patterning of silver nanowire films. SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films with high photovoltaic performance and stability offer new possibilities to realize high-quality flexible transparent electrodes in a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient way.
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  Microwave absorption properties of MWCNT/GF/EP composites based on Giannakoopulou model

  WEN Xianglong, CHEN Kai, LIAO Sifan, SONG Chunsheng, ZHANG Jinguang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10022-10029. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.004

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  This study investigates the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of MWCNT/GF/EP composite materials in the X-band, incorporating varying mass fractions of MWCNT. Utilizing the Giannakoopulou model and introducing a transparent layer, the study examines the influence of the ratio and distribution status between the absorption layer and the transparent layer on the overall absorption performance of the material. The results indicate that for the composite material with 2% mass fraction of MWCNT, at a thickness of 3.0 mm, the peak reflection loss is -44.5 dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.3 GHz (8.2-11.5 GHz). Through the rational design of the absorption layer and transparent layer in terms of their ratio and distribution status, materials with different effective absorption bandwidths and absorption loss peak values are obtained. The highest peak reflection loss reaches -62.1 dB, with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.1 GHz.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress of nano-toughened ceramic coatings

  DUAN Yuanxu, LIU Jing, ZHANG Jian, LU Xiaojiang, WANG Jintao, XIA Xiujie, SONG Zhepeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10030-10037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.005

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  Nano-ceramic coating is a kind of ceramic coating obtained by different nano-toughening methods and preparation processes. The introduction of nano-structure can improve the brittleness of ceramic coating to a certain extent. The common toughening methods and toughening mechanism of nanostructured ceramic coatings are introduced, including whisker toughening, nanowire toughening, carbon nanotube toughening, nanoparticle toughening, nano-multilayer film toughening, nano-superlattice toughening and bionic structure toughening. The main preparation processes of nanostructured toughening ceramic coatings in recent years are briefly described. The main methods are sol-gel method, vapor deposition method, thermal spraying technology (such as plasma spraying, supersonic spraying) and magnetron sputtering. Finally, the problems and challenges in the preparation of different nano-toughened ceramic coatings are summarized, and the research direction and application prospect of nano-toughened ceramic coatings are prospected.
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  Review and prospect of research on properties of phase change concrete composites

  LONG Guowen, ZENG Kaihua, XIE Banghua, TIAN Hai, QIU Zhijian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10038-10046. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.006

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  Phase change concrete (PCC) is a new type of building material that absorbs or releases a large amount of heat over the phase change temperature range, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection. In this paper, the basic principle of phase change concrete and its development and application are summarized. Secondly, the research status of material properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties of PCM is analyzed, and the existing problems and challenges in the current research are pointed out. Finally, the experimental research and engineering application of PCM are summarized, and the intelligent development suggestions based on PCM composites are put forward.
Research & Development
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  Effect of ultraviolet illumination on the thermal conductivity of boron nitride/carbon nanotube/polyvinyl butyral composites

  SHEN Fuhua, ZHANG Yuanjuan, XU Jinbo, ZHANG Lijun, XIAO Guiyong, LIN Huan

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10047-10052. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.007

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  The composites were prepared by solution blending method using PVB as substrate and carbon nanotubes and boron nitride as fillers. Artificial ultraviolet irradiation experiments were carried out based on three influencing factors: wavelength range, irradiation time and irradiation intensity. The thermal diffusivity of the composites at different wavelengths, irradiation times and irradiation intensities was measured by transient electrocalorimetric technique. The results show that the boron nitride/carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl butyral) composites are more sensitive to the light rays at a wavelength of 340 nm, and with the increase of irradiation time or intensity, the internal structure of the material will be fractured and degraded, resulting in a continuous decrease in its thermal diffusivity.
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  Study on the properties of cellulose ether-modified fly ash-based thin spray materials

  WANG Yu, CHEN Jie, HUANG Qingxiang, WU Qimeng, LIU Chun, HE Jian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10053-10058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.008

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  Cellulose ether (hydroxyethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether) was used to modify the bonding properties of fly ash-based thin spray materials, and the effects of viscosity and substituent of cellulose ether on the bonding strength, consistency, and its tensile strength and compressive strength of the fly ash-based thin spray materials were studied, and the microstructure of the fly ash-based thin spray materials before and after the incorporation of cellulose ether into the 28 d specimens was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the bond strength of the thin-sprayed materials was significantly improved af ter the addition of cellulose ether, with a maximum increase of 294.23% compared with that of the unadulterated cellulose ether group. Under the same substituent, the bonding performance of the cellulose ether samples with low viscosity was higher. Under different substituents, the bond strength of hydroxyethyl cellulose ether specimens was higher, and the adverse effect on mechanical properties was smaller. The 28 d bond strength of fly ash-based thin spray material incorporated with 0.05% (mass percentage of cementitious material) hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEC) reached 1.67 MPa, and the compressive strength was 11.4 MPa.
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  The influence of different substrates on field emission properties of graphene-diamond composite films

  WEI Qinghong, ZHANG Wen, GUAN Lei, WU Xiaoxue, LIU Huiqiang, WANG Jian, WANG Bing, XIONG Ying

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10059-10063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.009

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  Diamond film is considered as a promising field electron emitter cathode material due to the high thermal conductivity, negative electron affinity, low work function and long-term stability. It is difficult to peel off the diamond film without destroying its structural integrity after the diamond film is deposited on the substrate. Therefore, the diamond film and substrate are generally tested as a whole during the field emission properties measurement. However, there is an interface barrier between the substrate and the diamond film, and the influence of the interface barrier on the field emission properties can not be ignored. At present, there are relatively few studies on the influence of the interface between diamond film and substrate on field emission properties, which needs more attention and research. In this work, the graphene-diamond composite films are fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), which the single crystalline silicon, metal niobium and metal molybdenum are used as substrates, respectively. The microstructure and composition of graphene-diamond composite films were characterized and the field emission properties were studied. The results show that different substrates have significant effects on the field emission properties of the composite films. The composite films fabricated on metal niobium substrate show low turn on field (E₀=2.5 V/μm) and high emission current density (J@5.3 V/μm=1.9 mA/cm²). This study provides a new idea for obtaining graphene-diamond composite films with better field emission properties.
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  Effect of V contents on microstructure and tribological properties of AlCrTiNbV_xN film

  YAN Hongjuan, MI Zhifeng, CHENG Fengying, SI Lina, DOU Zhaoliang, LIU Fengbin

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10064-10070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.010

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  In order to explore effect of V contents on microstructure and tribological properties of AlCrTiNbV_xN films, the AlCrTiNbV_xN films were deposited on 304 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering system. The structure of films was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties and tribological properties of films were analyzed by nanoindenter and material surface comprehensive tester. The results show that the AlCrTiNbV_xN films show face-cubic structure and have preferred orientation of (200) plane. The diffraction angles shift to right. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film has the biggest diffraction angle and the smallest interplanar spacing. With the increasing of V contents, the hardness and elastic modulus of films firstly increase and then decrease, and the friction coefficients of films and the width of wear tracks firstly decrease and then increase. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film has the biggest hardness and elastic modulus. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film exhibits the best tribological properties with the minimum friction coefficient and the minimum width of the wear track. The wear mechanisms are abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and oxidative wear.
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  Research on polyurethane/nano-ZnO composite modified asphalt and its mixture properties

  TIAN Xiaoge, GAO Kai, LI Guangyao, CHEN Gong

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10071-10077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.011

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  In order to improve the road performance of asphalt pavement, polyurethane/nano-ZnO composite modified asphalt was prepared by polyurethane, nano-ZnO and matrix asphalt. Taking penetration, softening point, ductility and 135 ℃ viscosity as evaluation indexes, the influence of modifier on asphalt performance was studied, and the storage stability was evaluated by softening point difference. Three kinds of composite modified asphalt AC-13C mixture were prepared for rutting test, trabecular bending test and immersion Marshall test to study the performance of modified asphalt mixture. The results show that the incorporation of polyurethane and nano-ZnO can significantly improve the high and low temperature performance of the matrix asphalt, and the storage stability meets the requirements of the specification. The composite modified asphalt mixture can meet the road performance of asphalt pavement. The modified asphalt mixture with 5% polyurethane and 3% nano-ZnO content has the best effect on improving high temperature performance and water stability. Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture, the dynamic stability is increased by 2.32 times, the residual stability is increased by 9.0%, and the maximum flexural tensile strain (-10 ℃) is increased by 8.3%. Considering the improvement effect of road performance, it is recommended to use 5% polyurethane compound 3% nano-ZnO as the best content of composite modified asphalt and its mixture.
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  Study on the synthesis and synergistic antibacterial effects of PDA@Ag-amoxicillin composite material

  QIU Ying, LIANG Ben, YANG Junpeng, DING Chao, ZHANG Lijun,MU Chengqian WANG Jiawei, GUO Shaobo, SONG Fengmin, SHI Juan, ZHANG Tianlei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10078-10087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.012

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  Owing to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents and the process of natural selection of microorganisms, antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem that challenges the health of human beings. Integrating two different bactericidal agents into one matrix is a feasible approach to enhance antibacterial efficiency. This study synthesized an efficient antibacterial nanocomposite material by conjugating polydopamine-modified silver nanoparticles (PDA@Ag) with amoxicillin (AMOX). The structure of PDA@Ag-AMOX (PAA) was characterized using TEM, UV-Vis, and FT-IR. Compared to PDA@Ag, PAA showed an increased inhibition rate of 33.3% against Escherichia coli, 31.3% against Bacillus subtilis, and 28.6% against Salmonella. It was speculated that the antimicrobial mechanism involved the reaction of Ag⁺ derived from PAA with functional groups of vital enzymes and proteins and the inhibitory effect of AMOX on the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and carboxypeptidase activity of binding proteins. PAA has both good coordinated antibacterial activity and high biocompatibility, which lays the foundation for the future combination and the exploration of more collaborative treatment plans among antibacterial agents.
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  Study on the preparation and electrochemical properties of

  ZHANG Yongming, HAN Lixin, LI Zhiqiang, CHEN Xiao, DAI Lei, LONG Zhu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10088-10094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.013

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  Phenolic resin is a common carbon precursor with low cost and rich carbon content. However, phenolic resin pyrolytic carbon is often characterized by a relatively high degree of structural regularity and small interlayer spaces, resulting in poor electrochemical Zn-storage ability. Plant fiber derived carbon materials with hierarchical porous are highly desirable to achieve fast diffusion of electrolytes and enhance capacitor performance. Here, a carbon composite consisting of softwood fiber derived carbon and phenolic resin pyrolytic carbon was successfully prepared by wet papermaking technology and pyrolytic carbonization by using bleach softwood pulp as fiber raw material and phenolic resin powder as filler respectively. The obtained carbon composite was used as a self-supporting cathode material for zinc-ion hybrid capacitors. The results showed that the softwood fiber derived carbon endowed the electrode with higher specific capacity, and the phenolic resin pyrolytic carbon can improve the cyclic stability of the electrode. The assembled capacitor exhibited excellent rate performance and cycle stability. The initial specific capacity reached 101.0 mAh/g at the current density of 1 A/g. After 2 500 cycles, the specific capacity was 91.0 mAh/g and the capacity retention rate was 90%.
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  Preparation and electrochemical properties of silicon-tin composite nanomaterials by plasma arc method

  ZHANG Yong, JING Xu, GE Zelong, XUE Minghu, LI Shu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10095-10101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.014

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  As the negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery, silicon will produce huge volume expansion when it is removed/embedded in lithium, so that it will pulverize itself, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Existing studies have shown that Si nanocrystallization and alloying can alleviate the crushing effect caused by volume deformation. In order to efficiently prepare nano-sized Si-Sn powder materials, plasma arc was used as a heat source to nano-size Si, and then nano-alloying of Si-Sn powder materials was realized by plasma arc. The effects of plasma current on the preparation characteristics of Si and Si-Sn nano-powder materials were studied. The prepared phase was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of silicon nanowires as anode materials were detected by battery test system and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the use of plasma arc can achieve efficient preparation of silicon nanowires, and the addition of low melting point Sn is beneficial to the homogenization of the diameter scale of silicon nanowires. The efficiency of the two groups of silicon nanowires can be maintained at about 90% after the third charge-discharge cycle. The addition of Sn can further improve the conductivity and stability of the silicon anode. After 60 cycles, the specific capacity of the battery is 117.5 mAh/g.
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  Effect of SmFeN content on the coating organization and

  ZHANG Qianxi, LIU Chunzhong, ZHANG Hongning, ZOU Binglin, LU Tianni, LI Na, HUANG Zhenwei

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10102-10111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.015

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  The phase structure of Sm₂Fe₁₇N_X(SmFeN)/LaMA(LaMgAlO) composite wave-absorbing coating samples with different mass ratios (2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2) plasma sprayed at 35 kW as well as the values of electromagnetic parameters (ε′, ε″, μ′, μ″) and electromagnetic reflectance RL of the samples within the electromagnetic wave frequency band of 0-18 GHz were observed and analyzed, and the its electromagnetic loss mechanism was investigated. The results show that the SmFeN content has a large influence on the phase composition and wave-absorbing properties of the sprayed samples. The sprayed samples include Fe, Fe₈N, Fe₁₆N₂, Al₂O₃, AlN, Fe₁₂Sm, La₃MgAlO₇ and LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ phases. The SmFeN increases the relative content of the Fe, Fe₈N and Fe₁₆N₂ phases, decreases the relative content of the Fe₁₂Sm, La₃MgAlO₇ and LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ phases, and has no effect on the AlN phase. The amorphous phase appears at high temperatures, and the relative intensity of the amorphous phase increases as the temperature rises, resulting in poor wave-absorbing properties of the samples at high temperatures. The relative content of LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ decreases the ε′, ε″ of the samples, optimizing the impedance matching of the sprayed samples. The relative content of AlN increases the valley of ε′ and the peak of ε″ to the high frequency. The mass ratio of the sprayed sample with the best performance is SmFeN∶LaMA=1∶2, the reflectivity reaches -40.31 dB at 4.24 GHz, 4.83 mm, and the bandwidth and thickness range of the effective absorption (RL<-10 dB) are 3.61-6.94 GHz, 2.93-5 mm and 8.4-12.2 GHz, 1.98-3.45 mm, respectively. The lowest reflectance of the 1∶1 ratio sprayed samples at 40 ℃, 400 ℃, and 700 ℃ are -5.46 dB, -3.62 dB, and -0.37 dB in the 8~18 GHz bands respectively. The room temperature test values of the bowtie beams show that the RL values resulted from electromagnetic parameters are agreeable with the test values.
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  Preparation and rheological properties of nano-composite magnetorheological fluids

  ZHU Qichen, WU Zhangyong, JIANG Jiajun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10112-10120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.016

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  The utilization of magnetic nanofluids as the base carrier fluid of magnetorheological fluids represents an effective approach to enhance the magnetorheological effect. However, achieving highly stable nano-composite magnetorheological fluids remains a significant challenge, encompassing both the synthesis of magnetic nanofluids and the prevention of composite particle agglomeration. In this study, Fe₃O₄ silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluids were prepared using silane coupling agent KH550 as a dispersant, followed by a novel process of co-coating dispersants to obtain nano-composite magnetorheological fluids. The surface morphology, physical phase composition and magnetic properties were characterized and analyzed using XRD, FI-IR, TEM, FE-SEM and VSM. The sedimentation stability and redispersibility of the novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluids were investigated. The results show that surface modification of micron-sized particles significantly enhances the stability and redispersibility of the nano-composite magnetorheological fluids, with optimal sedimentation stability and redispersibility observed at nanoparticle volume fraction of 8%. Furthermore, the novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluids demonstrate superior temperature resistance, remaining stable within the temperature range form -40 ℃ to 120 ℃over extended durations. Rheological properties of novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluid were also investigated demonstrating higher off-state viscosity and magnetorheological effect in comparison to conventional magnetorheological fluids. Moreover, both static and dynamic yield stresses increase with nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength.
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  Photocatalytic sterilization performance and mechanism of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs composites

  YIN Yanfei, HUO Jinghao, LI Haishuai, SHI Huixian

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10121-10126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.017

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  Industrial and agricultural sewage discharge is one of the important factors causing water pollution, and the pathogenic microorganisms in sewage are extremely harmful to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is significant to study novel comprehensive photocatalytic materials to achieve the removal of pathogenic microorganisms in water. In this paper, Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs composites with brilliant photocatalytic performance were prepared by a combination of deposition-in-situ reduction process, and the composites were analyzed and characterized in detail using a variety of characterization tools, such as morphological features, crystal structure, elemental composition, and photoelectric properties. The bactericidal efficiency of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs composites in visible light was evaluated by plate spreading method. The Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs composites were able to deactivate all 10⁷ cfu/mL of E.coli and 92% of S.aureus (10⁷ cfu/mL) in 20 min under visible light irradiation. SEM results indicated that the surface of S.aureus treated with Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs and Light appeared to be obviously collapsed and wrinkled. The content of genetic material (DNA) in the cells was analyzed, and the results showed that the DNA content in S.aureus treated with Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs and Light was significantly reduced, suggesting that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs under light can effectively damage bacterial DNA. The construction of Ag/Ag₃PO₄/CNTs composites provides a new idea for effective removal of pathogenic microorganisms under visible light.
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  Micromechanical properties and damage mechanism of

  LI Youtang, WU Tong, LI Wuqiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10127-10133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.018

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  Fiber reinforced resin mineral composites have been widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties, but the damage mechanism of the materials is only studied at the macro level, and little attention is paid to the micromechanical properties and micro-crack evolution of the materials during the damage process. In order to solve this problem, a microscopic model of fiber resin mineral composite was established based on particle flow discrete element technology, and the change law of the stress-strain curve of the material was analyzed. The results show that the compressive strength of fiber reinforced resin mineral composite is higher than that of resin mineral composite, and the cracking stress and damage stress are greater. The shape of aggregate particles has little effect on the strengthening and toughening of fiber. Fiber has the effect of toughening and cracking resistance on resin mineral composite. This study reveals the damage properties of fiber reinforced resin mineral composite from the microscopic point of view, which can provide guidance for the popularization and application of this material.
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  Simultaneously improved dielectric property and thermal conductivity of

  WANG Haiyan, HUANG Qige, XIAN Longdi, YANG Qian, JIA Xiaosong, BAI Dehui

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10134-10141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.019

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  Barium titanate@polyaniline (BT@PANI) core-shell particles were deposited on the boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) surface to prepare a novel composite filler utilizing the adhesion of polydopamine (PDA) which had been synthesized as the surface modification of the boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) by in-situ polymerization. The results showed that the BT@PANI load content of the single BNNS sheet had a significant effect on the dielectric property and thermal conductivity of the poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based (PVDF-based) composite materials. Moreover, compared with the BT@PANI/PVDF composite, the dielectric properties of the composites are significantly improved with frequency variation. When the BT@PANI load content on single BNNS is maximum, compared with the BT@PANI/PVDF composites with the same filling amount, the interface polarization of the composites is the weakest, and the dielectric properties show better frequency stability. Their values of the composite at 20wt% filler loading are 14.8 and 0.082 (10⁵ Hz), respectively. The thermal conductivity of the composite also declined to a minimum of 0.64 W/(m·K). At frequencies higher than 10³ Hz, the dielectric loss of the composites decreases by more than twice the dielectric constant. This work have realized synchronously to enhance the dielectric constant, suppress dielectric loss and endow high thermal conductivity, which provides an innovative idea for the development of energy storage polymer-based composite dielectric.
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  Study on the catalytic oxidation of iodine ions by functionalized SiO₂ supported phosphomolybdic acid

  LU Lin, GUO Jun, ZHANG Dan, QIU Shuangyan, ZHANG Yiju

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10142-10150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.020

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  The transition metal Cu substituted polyoxometalates cluster (PMo₁₁Cu) was immobilized by electrostatic force on NH₂ functionalized SiO₂ with the post-modified method, the resulting composite materials, abbreviated as PMo₁₁Cu/NH₂-SiO₂. The structure and composition of catalyst was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis-DRS, SEM, EDX XPS, etc. A study was conducted to investigate the catalytic performances of PMo₁₁Cu/NH₂-SiO₂ towards the oxidation of iodine ion. The results showed that at T=25 ℃,c(I^-)=2.5×10^-3 mol/L,c(H₂O₂)=2.0×10^-3 mol/L,pH=2.4, the rate of iodide ion reaction catalyzed by PMo₁₁Cu/NH₂-SiO₂ with v=8.87 × 10^-6 mol/( L·s), was increased by a factor of 616 over that of the blank experiment and the catalytic activity and stability were maintained in the first 10 cycles were able to maintain excellent catalytic activity and stability.
Process & Technology
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  Preparation and multi-performance optimization of reactive water vapor high barriercycloolefin copolymer composite films

  GU Ning, LIU Zixuan, WU Dongchuang, WANG Yan, HE Huan, YAO Junru, CAO Yang, SUN Youyi

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10151-10156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.021

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  In order to solve the problem that the water vapor barrier performance of the existing flexible polymer composite membrane is low, and it is difficult to optimize the water vapor transmission, mechanical strength and optical transmission at the same time, a new magnesium oxide heterocyclic olefin copolymer composite membrane (MgO/COC) was developed in this paper. The effects of MgO content on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, hydrophobic properties and water vapor barrier properties of the composite membrane were explored. The results show that MgO has good dispersion in COC composite film. When 1 wt% MgO was doped with COC, the contact angle reached the highest of 106.8°, indicating good hydrophobic properties of the MgO/COC composite film. The water vapor barrier performance of the composite membrane is 63.1% higher than that of the pure COC membrane, and the minimum water vapor transmission rate reaches 0.21 g/(m²·d), which is the lowest water vapor transmission rate of the doped polymer composite membrane publicly reported at present. The excellent water vapor barrier performance is attributed to the reaction between MgO and water vapor to form magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide has excellent water vapor barrier performance. The double mechanism water vapor barrier property of the composite film provides a new idea for the water vapor barrier design of food packaging and pharmaceutical packaging.
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  Preparation of road-petroleum-asphalt derived carbon-coated Fe₃O₄ composites by two-step pyrolysis method and its lithium storage performance

  FU Xiaoliang, HU Dandan, ZHAO Lei, MAO Lin, YUAN Xiaoya

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10157-10164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.022

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  In this paper, asphalt-derived carbon nanosheets coated Fe₃O₄ composites (C@Fe₃O₄) were prepared by two-step pyrolysis and template-assisted method by selecting cheap emulsified asphalt as the carbon precursor, while ammonium ferric citrate was used as the iron source, and sodium chloride was used as the template. The chemical composition and microstructural morphology of C@Fe₃O₄ composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS, and the electrochemical properties were characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The results show that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles produced by ammonium ferric citrate in pyrolysis are uniformly encapsulated in graphitized asphalt-derived carbon nanocages. As an anode of lithium-ion batteries, the optimized C@Fe₃O₄-3 composite delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 910.85 mAh/g after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and retains an excellent reversible capacity of 517.76 mAh/g after 240 cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g. Such excellent cycling stability is mainly attributed to its well-designed structure: the highly graphitized petroleum asphalt-based carbon nanocage not only improves the electrical conductivity of the Fe₃O₄ material, but also effectively suppresses the volume expansion of Fe₃O₄ during charge/discharge cycling, thus providing enhanced electrochemical stability. This work not only realizes the high value-added utilization of low-cost petroleum asphalt, but also can be extended to the application of other transition metal oxide-based anodes.
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  Preparation and properties of pyrophosphate piperazine/chitosan intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

  LI Ming, OU Hongxiang, RAN Yining, XUE Honglai, ZHU Fang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10165-10171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.023

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  The environmental-friendly intumescent flame retardant was constructed by the combination of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and chitosan (CS). The intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites (IFR/PP) were prepared by melt blending. The flame retardants properties and mechanisms of IFR/PP were studied by methods such as oxygen index, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis and mechanical properties test. The results showed that when the total amount of expansion flame retardant was 30wt%, and the mass ratio of PAPP to CS was 5∶1, the LOI value of IFR/PP was 35.5%, and UL-94 reached V-0 grade. The residue at 800 ℃ was 13.34wt%, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) was reduced from 1345.01 kW/m² to 83.04 kW/m², and the tensile strength was reduced by 39.9%. The SEM test results of residual carbon showed that the addition of CS promoted the formation of an expanded carbon layer, resulting in a denser and more uniform carbon layer during material combustion, which improved flame retardant property and smoke suppression ability. PAPP and CS have a good synergistic flame retardant effect.
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  Preparation and electrochemical performance of MOF-derived carbon composite electrode materials

  WANG Peipei, ZHU Guisheng, XU Huarui, ZHAO Yunyun, JIANG Kunpeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10172-10179. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.024

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  Aiming at the problem of low specific capacitance of activated carbon, utilizing the large specific surface area and abundant pore structure of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a synergistic bilayer mechanism with pseudocapacitive properties of MOFs-derived porous carbon hybrid composites with activated carbon was investigated in this paper. N-doped porous carbon composites were prepared by designing different Zn/Co ratios and carbonization temperatures. ZCPC@AC-800 was tested in a three-electrode system and showed a specific capacitance of 327.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g, which was higher than that of the MOF-derived porous carbon composites generated from monometallic atoms, due to the fact that the bimetallic MOFs in the nanocomposites could provide a more diverse range of active sites during pyrolysis. In addition, symmetric supercapacitors (ZCPC@AC-800∥ZCPC@AC-800) assembled in a 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte with a potential window of 0-1.5 V have an energy density of 21 Wh/kg at a power density of 375 W/kg. After cycling test, its initial specific capacitance remained 80% after 5 000 times of charging and discharging at 5 A/g.
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  Preparation and properties of poly(aryl ether nitrile) composite reinforced by dual dynamic bond

  HE Xing, YANG Yunong, WU Jingju, WANG Li, LAI Jingjuan, YAN Guilong, LI Zhenyu, WU Yuanpeng

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10180-10188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.025

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  The dynamic boroxine crosslinked poly(aryl ether nitrilene) (PEN-COOH-B₃O₃)/polyethylpyrrolidone (PVPON) composites were prepared by the covalent/non-covalent co-enhancement of dynamic boroxine and hydrogen bonds. The mechanical properties, shape memory function, thermal stability, self-healing properties and recycling properties of the composites were characterized and studied by means of universal tensile testing machine, differential scanning calorimeter and other instruments. The strength of the composite prepared by the hydrogen bond between PEN-COOH-B₃O₃/PVPON can reach 102.5 MPa, the elastic modulus can reach 3 455.7 MPa, and the glass transition temperature can reach 180.3 ℃. The addition of dynamic boron-oxygen bond made the composite have excellent solvo-assisted self-healing and recovery properties. The healing efficiency reached 98.7% after 24 h of self-healing at room temperature (25 ℃), and there was no loss of mechanical properties after five cycles of recovery. At the same time, the composite exhibits good shape memory behavior by utilizing the stimulus response of dynamic boroxine bond.
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  Preparation of high-performance PPS mesh-based PSF-ZrO₂ composite separator and its application study

  LI Weixin, SUN Zaoce, YE Xianmin, HE Guoqiang

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10189-10195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.026

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  Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) mesh-based polysulfone (PSF)-zirconia (ZrO₂) composite separator, as a new type of high-performance alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production separator, has the advantages of good mechanical properties, low area resistance and high chemical stability. The composite separator was prepared by preheating compression molding and phase inversion precipitation techniques. The effects of the content of PSF, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the casting solution on the performance of the separator were investigated. The performance of composite separator (Named PPZS) and commercial Zirfon UTP 500 separator were analyzed and compared. The results show that the PPZS composite separator has a tensile strength of 36.36 MPa, an area resistance of 0.21 Ω·cm², and a bubble point pressure of 0.268 MPa, which exhibit excellent comprehensive performance in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production.
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  Preparation of CoV-LDH@NiCo-LDH materials and energy storage performance of pseudocapacitors

  DENG Yu, JIANG Jiayu, CHEN Yunxia, ZHAO Xiaolin, LIU Chenlin, DU Tianlun, CHEN Jinlong, SHAN Shuxin, PU Hong, HU Bingbing

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10196-10204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.027

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  Cobalt-vanadium layered bimetallic hydroxide (CoV-LDH) is rich in electrochemically active sites, but still suffers from the problems of expensive low-priced vanadium sources, difficult preparation, and vanadium dissolution. In this study, three-dimensional porous CoV-LDH electrode materials were prepared by electrochemical cathodic reduction, and in order to improve the stability of CoV-LDH in alkaline electrolyte, the core-shell structure CoV-LDH@NiCo-LDH composites were constructed by secondary electrodeposition, which have the microscopic morphology of nanosphere-coated nanosheets and the uniform distribution of the three elements of Ni, Co, and V. This increased the contact area of the material's active sites and the electrolyte, and reduced the contact area of vanadium. With the uniform distribution of Ni, Co and V elements, the contact area between the active sites and the electrolyte is increased, the interfacial impedance of the material is reduced, and the pseudocapacitive energy storage performance is greatly improved. Under the current density of 1 A/g, the specific capacitance of CoV-LDH@NiCo-LDH reaches 995.8 F/g, which is much better than that of CoV-LDH (575.2 F/g), with a significant increase of 73.1% in the specific capacitance, and it has excellent multiplicative performance, and the pseudocapacitance accounts for 85% of the total capacitance under the sweeping speed of 50 mV/s. The cycling stability reaches 85% after 2 000 cycles. Analyzing the reaction kinetics and energy storage mechanism of the NiCo-LDH@CoV-LDH electrode material, it exhibits not only the battery-type Faraday behavior but also the capacitive properties. The anode material was assembled with an activated carbon (AC) negative electrode to form a CoV-LDH@NiCo-LDH∥AC asymmetric supercapacitor, with a specific capacitance of up to 222.2 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and an energy density of 30.86 Wh/kg at a power density of 222.2 W/kg. This work lays the foundation for the vanadium-based bimetallic hydroxide material, preparation of vanadium-based bimetallic hydroxide materials and energy storage applications.
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  Preparation and tribological properties of melamine microcapsule/epoxy resin composites

  DING Haihua, JIANG Liping, WANG Kai, YI Le, ZHOU Haijun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10205-10210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.028

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  In this study, white oil-melamine resin microcapsules were prepared through in-situ polymerization method with white oil as the core material and melamine resin as the wall material. The properties were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Using melamine resin microcapsule as a modifier, a melamine microcapsule/epoxy resin composite was prepared by the bulk casting method. The effects of the microcapsule addition amount and wear rate on the tribological properties of epoxy resin composites were studied, and their mechanical properties and wear surface morphology were analyzed. The experimental results show that the addition of melamine resin microcapsules can significantly improve the friction and wear properties of epoxy resin composites. When the amount of melamine resin microcapsules added is 3% and the rotational speed is 0.2 m/s, the epoxy resin composite material has the lowest friction coefficient, reaching 0.057. When the speed of 0.1 m/s, it has the minimum wear rate of 0.454×10^-7 cm³/Nm, with the decrease of 76.5%.
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  Polyaniline/carbon nanotube composite materials prepared by soft template of double surfactants for supercapacitors

  LIANG Huabin, HE Mingji, ZHONG Xinxian, YANG Zhibin, LIANG Shihong, LI Qingyu, LIANG Min

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10211-10219. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.029

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  In this paper, PANI/CNTs composite materials were prepared by emulsion polymerization with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween-80 (Tween-80) as soft templates, ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) mixed with appropriate amount. The composite materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results show that PANI/CNTs composites present core-shell structure with fiber shape, and PANI materials cover the surface of CNTs uniformly. The electrochemical test results show that the specific capacitance of PANI/CNTs electrode is 478.48 F/g at the current density of 1.0 A/g. After 1 000 cycles, the specific capacitance retention rate of PANI/CNTs is 70.01%, while that of PANI prepared by traditional method is only 49.10%. The specific capacitance of PANI/CNTs composites obtained by emulsion polymerization is higher than that of PANI single material obtained by traditional method, and the cycle life is significantly improved. This method provides an important strategy for the preparation of electrode materials of high-performance supercapacitors.
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  Preparation and photocatalytic performance of TiO₂-SiO₂ composites

  LI Kangning, DING Qingwei, QIN Liyan, LI Kai, MA Jun

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10220-10225. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.030

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  In this paper, a new TiO₂-SiO₂ composite was prepared by sol-gel and the efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) in photocatalytic dye wastewater was investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and other instruments. The results show that the binding of TiO₂ to SiO₂ inhibits the anatase to rutile transition, thus reducing the chance of an electron-hole recombination. We found that the TiO₂-SiO₂ composites had the highest photocatalytic activity when the SiO₂ content was 40% and the calcination temperature was 800 ℃. Moreover, the composites have good catalytic stability, and ·O^2- is the main active species during the photocatalytic degradation of RhB.
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  Preparation and properties of paraffin-based phase change materials with different magnetically regulated Fe₃O₄ arrangement

  LIU Huaxuan, QIU Xiaolin, PAN Liao, HAN Yu

  Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(10): 10226-10236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.10.031

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  The composite phase change material (PCM) was prepared by using paraffin as substrate and self-made Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as thermal conductive nano-filler. In order to investigate the effect of nano-filler arrangement on the thermal conductivity of PCM, the composite PCM with different characteristics of nano-filler arrangement was prepared under the control of magnetic field. The chemical structure and microstructure of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and PCM composites were characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM, and the thermal properties of PCM composites were measured. The arrangement of nano-filler was observed by image measuring instrument. According to the actual arrangement which were displayed by image measuring instrument and EDS, the finite element model of PCM with different arrangement of nano-fillers was constructed. The influence of different arrangements of nano-fillers on the thermal conductivity of PCM was calculated as well. The results show that the size of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is 40-50 nm, and their magnetic response performance is excellent. The phase change temperature is small, and the phase change latent heat is in the range of 134.3-148.1 J/g. The higher the height and the larger the area of the “mountain” arrangement region formed by the nano-fillers, the greater the thermal conductivity of the composite PCM. The thermal conductivity has been increased by up to 34%. Moreover, the finite element simulation explored the temperature field of the heat transfer process and further verified that the thermal conductivity of the phase change composites can be improved by optimizing the distribution of Fe₃O₄ nanofillers.