30 June 2024, Volume 55 Issue 6
    

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  • CONTENTS
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 0-0.
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    • Focuses & Concerns
  • Molecular dynamics study of atomic structure and mechanical properties of NiNb metallic glass
    MA Liang, PAN Shaopeng, NIU Xiaofeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6001-6008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.001
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    In this paper, the atomic structure and mechanical properties of NiNb alloys with different compositions were studied by molecular dynamics simulation. By comparing the change of glass transition temperature with the change of mixing enthalpy and mixing entropy of high temperature melt, it is found that the alloy shows a different trend before and after the component point cNi=0.65. At the same time, the atomic structure correlation analysis of NiNb alloy was carried out by using the methods of pair distribution function, coordination number, W-C parameter, bond pair analysis, and quasi neighbor atom, etc. It was found that some structural parameters also showed different trends before and after cNi=0.65, indicating that NiNb metallic glass had great differences in atomic structure before and after this component point. According to the thermodynamic and structural parameters, cNi=0.65 may be the dividing point of the two alloy systems. Before cNi=0.65, it is Nb base, while after cNi=0.65, it is Ni base. Finally, the mechanical properties were simulated, and it was found that the mechanical properties were mainly related to the binding mode of NiNb under different components. This study is helpful to deepen the understanding of the atomic structure and mechanical properties of metallic glass.
  • Study on the preparation of an advanced g-C3N4/MXene@Ag multifunctional membranes and their properties for water purification
    YU Fan, WANG Junyi, ZHAO Ruiqi, LUO Chunjia, CHAO Min, YAN Luke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6009-6018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.002
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    The g-C3N4/MXene@Ag (CNMA) separation membrane was constructed by vacuum-assisted self-assembly. It is shown that the introduction of Ag nanoparticles can optimize the surface wettability and transport channels of the membranes. The separation flux (for 1,2-dichloroethane/water emulsions) of the composite membrane is up to (6 812.7±106) L/(m2·h·bar) with a maximum separation efficiency of 99.7%. Notably, the CNMA separation membrane has remarkable anti-fouling performance and maintains stable separation properties after 10 consecutive uses. In addition, MXene@Ag can enhance the energy band structure, improve the photoelectric properties, provide positive spatial separation of electrons - holes (e--h+) and achieve efficient removal of organic pollutants (dyes, antibiotics). The efficiency of the membrane in degrading methylene blue dye is 98%. The CNMA functional separation membrane is suitable for water environment remediation under organic pollutant scenarios. This work meets the actual wastewater treatment requirements and has a promising development.
  • Effect of PVP addition on mechanical and magnetic properties of organic-inorganic insulated FeSi powder cores
    LI Jingjing, ZHANG Xuebin, LIU Wei, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Bowei, ZOU Zhongqiu, SU Hailin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6019-6025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.003
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    PVP with different contents was added to epoxy resin/SiO2 insulation procedures as a novel kind of reinforcing agent, and the influences of PVP on green strength, product strength and magnetic properties of FeSi magnetic powder cores were systematically investigated. The results show that PVP in green bodies contributes to the increase of the bonding force between each component of the insulating layer, as well as between the insulating layers and magnetic powders, resulting in an increase in tensile strength. Furthermore, melting PVP during the annealing process with the appropriate content would promote the rearrangement of nano silica, which significantly improves the tensile strength of the annealed products. Similarly, the formation of a stable uniform SiO2 insulating layer at a proper dosage of PVP is also conducive to optimizing DC-bias performance, maintaining good frequency stability of permeability and low core loss. The optimal PVP dosage is determined to be 0.3 wt%, and the corresponding FeSi powder core owns a green strength of 22 N, a product strength of 305.76 N, a stable effective permeability at about 60 μ level in the frequency range of 20~2 000 kHz, a percent permeability as high as 86.5% at 8000 A/m DC-bias field and a low core loss of 522.7kW/m3 at 50 kHz/100 mT.
  • Preparation of wood-based N, P co-doped graphene oxide-modified carbon foam and its capacitance deionization performance
    KONG Xiangxin, ZHANG Kun, WU Zhenwei, LI Wei, LIU Shouxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6026-6034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.004
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    Wood-based N, P co-doped graphene oxide modified foam (N, P-GCF) was prepared by liquefaction, resinization, foaming, carbonization and CO2 activation by liquefaction, resinization, foaming, carbonization and CO2 activation. The surface morphology, crystal structure, chemical properties and hydrophilic properties of N, P-GCF were analyzed by SEM, XRD, Raman, XPS and contact angle measuring instrument, and the effects of N, P-GCF on pore structure, electrochemical properties and capacitance deionization (CDI) were explored by changing the addition amount of NH4H2PO4. The results showed that after GOs modification and NH4H2PO4 doping, the pore size decreases and the disorder increases. N, P-GCF has a hierarchical pore structure. When the doping amount of NH4H2PO4 was 2 g, it had the highest specific surface area of 2684.11 m2/g, total pore volume of 1.42 cm3/g and mesoporosity of 49.45%, and the mass fractions of N and P were 2.48% and 3.46%, respectively. N elements mainly exist in the form of N-5, N-6 and N-X, and P elements are mainly P-C and P-N. Compared with CF, N, P-GCF2.0 has excellent wettability and mechanical properties. In the three-electrode system of 1 mol·L NaCl electrolyte, the specific capacitance of N, P-GCF2.0 is 256.48 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, and the specific capacitance retention rate is 72.51% when the current density increases to 15 A/g. Under the initial NaCl solution of 500 mg/L and the working voltage of 1.2 V, N, P-GCF2.0 had the best desalination capacity (29.97 mg/g) and salt adsorption rate (1.84 mg/(g·min)), and the retention rate of desalination capacity was 90.12% after 10 cycles, indicating good cycling stability.
  • Preparation and photodegradation properties of ZnO/V2C/Fe2O3 ternary composites for MB
    ZHOU Weibing, XIANG Shiqiao, SUN Lilong, LI Kang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6035-6043. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.005
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    High efficiency catalyst technology can be used to treat pollutants in industrial wastewater, but single-phase catalyst has the problem of narrow response range of visible light. In this paper, ZnO/V2C/Fe2O3 ternary photocatalytic composites were prepared by electrostatic self-assembly, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Methylene blue dye was used as the target pollutant to study the photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite. The degradation rate of MB dye by ZnO/V2C/Fe2O3 ternary composite is 19.68 times and 21.76 times that of pure ZnO after 120 min irradiation with UV light and visible light, respectively. After the composite Fe2O3 and V2C, the band gap of ZnO is shortened, the excitation response range is extended to the visible region, and there are more specific surface area and more reactive sites, so the photocatalytic performance of ZnO is enhanced.
    • Review & Advance
  • Progress in preparation and surface modification of Mn4+-activated fluoride red phosphor
    WANG Xiao, ZHAO Yujie, LI Quanan, CHEN Xiaoya
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6044-6052. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.006
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    White light emitting diodes have great advantages over traditional light sources owe to their energy-saving, environmental protection, high efficiency, and so on, which have a wide range of applications in indoor lighting, outdoor lighting, automotive lamps and electronic backlighting devices. It is always the unremitting pursuit of researchers in this field to obtain warm white light emitting diodes with low correlated color temperature (CCT=2 700-4 500 K), high color rendering index (CRI, Ra>80), cost saving and suitable for human eyes. Red phosphor can effectively improve the shortcomings and enhance the luminescent performance of such devices, which plays an important role in high color rendering phosphor-converted white light emitting diodes. Therefore, its research and development is of great significance. In this paper, the research progress of Mn4+-doped fluoride red phosphor in recent years was reviewed, and the conventional and green preparation methods of this phosphor were introduced. In terms of the poor moisture stability of Mn4+-doped fluoride red phosphor, relevant studies on improving its moisture-resistance property were summarized. Prospectively, this review concludes with a brief view of potential challenges and future development directions of high-performance Mn4+ doped fluoride phosphor.
  • Research and application progress of silver-based contact materials in low voltage apparatus
    GAO Jianfeng, HE Sheng, XIA Yong, DING Yi, WANG Kairang, LONG Yu, RUAN Wenjun, DUAN Meimei, PANG Zhen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6053-6061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.007
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    Silver-based electrical contact material is core component to ensure low-voltage apparatus efficient and safe operation. The performance specifications directly affect the safety and reliability of electrical equipment. On account of environment protection, traditional silver cadmium oxide electrical contact material containing cadmium, a heavy metal toxic element, is being phased out of existence. With the updating and upgrading of low voltage electrical equipment, higher performance requirements are proposed for silver-based electrical contact materials. In this paper, the failure mechanism of silver based electrical contact materials and the classification of common silver based electrical contact materials are discussed. At the same time, the existing problems, composition design and process optimization of various silver based electrical contact materials are comprehensively summarized. In combination with the research and development needs of various low-voltage apparatus efficients, suggestions for the development of silver based electrical contact materials in the future are given, which provides reference for the research and development of silver based electrical contact materials.
  • Research progress on the influence of pore structure on hard carbon sodium storage performance
    LI Xue, ZHANG Yating, ZHU Youyu, HU Yanping, KONG Zhenghan, LI Keke
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6062-6068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.008
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    With its unique structural characteristics, hard carbon is considered to be the most promising negative electrode material to promote the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries. In addition to its layer spacing and chemical composition, the sodium storage performance of hard carbon is also closely related to nano pores. Hard carbon with ultra-micro pores, large pore volume, low specific surface area and closed pores can reduce the influence of solid electrolyte interface film on sodium storage and facilitate the embedding/removal of sodium ions. Design and regulation of hard carbon pore structure has become one of the key points to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The pore structure can be effectively controlled by selecting suitable precursor materials, adjusting pyrolysis process parameters (heating rate, pyrolysis temperature), improving pretreatment methods (physical activation, chemical activation), doping heteroatoms, coating and other means. It will be the development direction of sodium-ion batteries in the future to use advanced characterization methods combined with theoretical calculation to realize reasonable design of pore structure of hard carbon materials and prepare low cost, high capacity and high cycle stability negative electrode materials.
  • Research progress on inorganic nano-modification of cementitious materials
    LIU Shuang, ZHAO Lige, LI Yuyang, HAN Kang, LIU Yanjun, LI Runfeng, ZHAO Yuxiang, ZHENG Yongchao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6069-6078. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.009
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    The research on high-performance cementitious composites has received much attention. Nanomaterials are excellent in promoting cement hydration, enhancing the densification of cement microstructure, as well as improving the mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials, which can give the cementitious materials a variety of functionalities and reduce the amount of cement added. In this manuscript, the effects of different dimensions of inorganic nanomaterials on hydration, microstructure, mechanical properties and durability of cementitious materials are systematically sorted out from the mechanistic level of the materials, and the research direction of inorganic nanomaterials modification of cementitious materials in the future is proposed.
  • Progress in interfacial modification of inorganic solid electrolytes
    LIU Lijie, ZHI Hairui, ZHANG Kaiyue, YANG Quanzhan, ZHAO Hui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6079-6087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.010
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    All-solid-state lithium-ion battery has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of energy density and safety. As the core component of all-solid-state battery, solid-state electrolyte has a crucial impact on its performance. At present, the main solid electrolyte systems include oxides, sulfides and polymers, among which oxide solid electrolytes are relatively ideal solid electrolyte material with good performance such as energy density, stability and cycle life. However, serious interfaces contact between electrolyte and electrodes restrict the large-scale application of solid battery. Many researches focus on improving the contact of interfaces with different types of solid electrolytes. In this paper, the cutting-edge researches on the interfaces between inorganic solid electrolytes and electrodes reported in recent years are reviewed, and several main interfacial modification methods are systematically summarized. The research methods of composite positive electrode, interface processing technology optimization, interface layer introduction and composite electrolyte are introduced and their application prospects are discussed.
    • Research & Development
  • Dispersion stability and viscosity characterization of seawater-based nanofluids
    LI Xiang, WU Zhangyong, JIANG Jiajun, ZHU Qicheng, CAI Xiaoming, MO Ziyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6088-6094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.011
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    Nanofluids based on seawater can be used as hydraulic medium in marine hydraulic equipment to solve the problem of fluid deterioration caused by seawater intrusion in traditional hydraulic fluids. In this paper, seawater-based SiC nanofluids were prepared by a two-step method using natural seawater as the base fluid, and the dispersion stability and viscosity characteristics of nanofluids with different group distribution ratios were investigated by the single-variable method. The results showed that NaCl destroyed the particle double electric layer and reduced the nanofluid stabilization coefficient, but the surfactant CMC could be adsorbed on the surface of SiC particles to provide spatial site resistance, so that the stabilization coefficient was maintained at about 0.9 within 10 days. Meanwhile, it was verified that the best nanofluid dispersion stability was achieved with SiC particle size at 40 nm, mass fraction at around 1%, and CMC mass fraction at around 2%. The viscosity of seawater-based nanofluid increased with the increase of particle addition, and the rising trend slowed down when the mass fraction was greater than 1%. With the increase of CMC addition, the microstructure in the nanofluid was affected, so that the viscosity of the seawater-based nanofluid increased with the increase of the CMC mass fraction, and the rising trend was smooth-sharp-smooth. The viscosity was negatively correlated to the temperature by the effect of Brownian motion, and the viscosity of the nanofluid decreased with the increase of NaCl mass fraction, and the decreasing trend was fast and then slow. The seawater-based nanofluids prepared in this paper have good dispersion stability, and the desired viscosity can be obtained by regulating the group distribution ratio, which is helpful for the further development of nanofluid technology.
  • Simulation of magnetorheological fluid sedimentation considering Brownian and Van der Waals forces
    LYU Tonghui, WEI Jingtao, LI Yilun, WU Zhangyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6095-6100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.012
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    In an effort to enhance the research efficiency of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) sedimentation stability and to improve the current reliance on experimental measurement for assessing sedimentation performance, this paper employs a kinetic approach to simulate a microscale mechanical model for magnetic particles. We propose a simulation method for MRF sedimentation under zero magnetic field conditions and validate it through inductance-based sedimentation detection experiments. Since MRF sedimentation occurs in the absence of a magnetic field, we extend the microscale mechanical model, originally developed under the influence of a magnetic field, by introducing the effects of Brownian and van der Waals forces. The simulation method is parameterized with MRF-specific values and compared against experimental data obtained through inductance-based sedimentation detection. The results demonstrate that the introduced simulation method, incorporating Brownian and van der Waals forces, accurately predicts MRF sedimentation rates, effectively addressing the time-consuming nature of current investigations into MRF sedimentation stability.
  • Study on the thermoelectric properties of steel woolenhanced by Bi2Te3/KOH/PEDOT:PSS and SiO2 aerogel
    PENG Xiaomin, LEI Hong, CHEN Jiajun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6101-6107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.013
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    It is generally believed that the Seebeck coefficient of metals is low in the research field of thermoelectric materials. Therefore, few studies have been reported on the thermoelectric properties of metals. However, this study found that the physical form of metals may have effect on their thermoelectric properties. In this study, the thermoelectric properties of steel wool (SW) were investigated. It was found that the Seebeck coefficient of SW, whose main component was Fe, was twice that of bulk iron. On this basis, steel wool was compounded with organic and inorganic thermoelectric materials and its voids were filled with SiO2 aerogel. Finally, a composite of Bi2Te3/KOH/PEDOT:PSS@SW-SiO2 was prepared. A significant improvement in thermoelectric properties was observed compared to bare SW. The results show that the addition of aerogel can reduce the thermal conductivity of SW by 34%. The electrical conductivity (σ), thermal conductivity (κ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) have been decoupled. The Seebeck coefficient, thermoelectric merit value (ZT) and power factor (PF) of Bi2Te3/KOH/PEDOT:PSS@SW-SiO2 are 1.2, 3.4 and 2.4 times as large as that of bare SW, respectively. The way to improve the thermoelectric properties of the material by changing the physical morphology of the material and decoupling σ, κ and S is expected to provide new ideas for the research of other thermoelectric materials.
  • Effects of single-phase CuO and multiphase TiO2-CuO-MgO on the properties of fly ash based ceramic membrane support
    ZHAN Hui, GUO Yani, TONG Zhi, LYU Xiangyu, CHEN Weixing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6108-6117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.014
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    In this paper, industrial waste fly ash is used as the main material, combined with the binder (carboxymethyl cellulose CMC) and pore-making agent (charcoal powder), to explore the role and effect of the sintering additives (single-phase: CuO; Multiphase: TiO2-CuO-MgO) in the firing of fly ash based ceramic membrane support. Firstly, the effects of the amount of CuO additive on the macroscopic physical and chemical properties (pure water flux, flexure strength, acid/alkali corrosion rate) and microstructure characteristics (material composition and micro-morphology) of the support were investigated. Secondly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to study the performance of support under different proportions of TiO2-CuO-MgO, so as to obtain the optimal preparation scheme. The results show that at the firing temperature of 1 050 ℃, the sample performance is good when the CuO content is 1%(mass fraction). The pure water flux is 2 649.577 L/(m2·h·MPa), the bending strength is 49.677 MPa, the acid/alkali corrosion rate is 0.471%/0.107%, and the average pore size is 2.375 μm. The porosity is 45.347%. At 1 050 ℃, when the proportion of TiO2-Cuo-MGo is 1.5%(mass fraction) TiO2, 0.7%CuO and 5%MgO, the comprehensive performance of the sample is the best, and the performance data are as follows: pure water flux of 6 729.268 L/(m2·h·MPa), bending strength of 67.454 MPa, acid/alkali corrosion rate of 2.964%/1.427%, average pore size of 4.216 μm, and porosity of 48.608%.
  • Study on low temperature performance of semi-flexiblepavement materials based on response surface method
    CHENG Peifeng, WANG Yanghongli, LI Yiming, MA Guangtao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6118-6127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.015
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    In order to improve the low temperature crack resistance of semi-flexible pavement material (SFPM), the cement mortar was modified by rubber powder and silane coupling agent to prepare composite semi-flexible pavement material (R & S-SFPM). Based on the response surface analysis method, the splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, maximum flexural tensile strain, flexural creep rate and average linear shrinkage coefficient were used as evaluation indexes to analyze the effects of rubber powder mesh, dosage and silane coupling agent dosage on the low temperature performance of SFPM, and the R & S-SFPM blending ratio that can obtain the best low temperature performance was determined. The results show that rubber powder can improve the stress relaxation ability of SFPM and make it have better flexibility. Silane coupling agent can improve the mechanical strength of SFPM. In addition, the content of rubber powder and silane coupling agent and the mesh number of rubber powder have a great influence on the improvement effect of SFPM low temperature performance. When the rubber powder mesh is 60 mesh, the dosage is 14%, and the dosage of silane coupling agent is 0.72%, the comprehensive low temperature effect of R & S-SFPM is the best. Compared with ordinary semi-flexible pavement material (O-SFPM), the splitting tensile strength, bending tensile strength, maximum bending tensile strain and bending creep rate of R & S-SFPM are increased by 23.7%, 7.6%, 29.9% and 15.2%, respectively.
  • Mechanism and photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites
    LU Tao, ZHANG Anchao, SUN Zhijun, CHEN Guoyan, ZHANG Qianqian, JING Manman, NI Feixiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6128-6137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.016
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    A series of Ag2CrO4/g-C3N4 composites with photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production were prepared by in-situ chemical deposition method. The phase composition, functional group structure, microscopic morphology, elemental compositions and their species of the composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The light absorption properties and photogenerated carrier separation of the samples were investigated by UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocurrent testing. The H2 production performance of the photocatalysts and the influencing factors were investigated experimentally. The results showed that the introduction of Ag2CrO4 did not change the originally heterocyclic structure of g-C3N4, and nanostructure Ag2CrO4 was dispersed on the surface of g-C3N4. Although Ag2CrO4 had no H2 production effect, the H2 production rate of the composite increased first and then decreased with the increase of Ag2CrO4 content. The H2 production rate of the optimal photocatalyst Ag2CrO4/C3N4-4% was 2.7 times that of pure g-C3N4. The reason was mainly attributed to the appearance of Z-type heterojunction between of Ag2CrO4 and g-C3N4, which broadened the visible light response range of g-C3N4, reduced the charge transfer impedance, and promoted the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers.
  • Preparation and rheological properties of low-temperature hydraulic oil-based magnetic nanofluids
    ZHU Qicheng, WU Zhangyong, JIANG Jiajun, LI Xiang, MO Ziyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6138-6147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.017
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    It is worth studying how to strike a balance between the magnetorheological effect and sedimentation stability in magnetic nanofluids, and the use of larger nanoparticles has been identified as a promising solution. Fe3O4 magnetic particles with a size of approximately 25 nm were synthesized using a controlled chemical co-precipitation method, and their phase composition and magnetic properties were characterized. Magnetic nanofluids were prepared using myristic acid as surfactant and RP4350 aviation hydraulic oil as dispersed phase, which exhibited prolonged stability under strong magnetic fields, with applicable temperatures ranging from -35 ℃ to 95 ℃. The variations in magnetorheological properties with magnetic field strength and temperature were investigated. The results reveal that under the influence of low temperatures and strong magnetic fields, the magnetic nanofluids exhibited significantly higher yield stress, reaching a maximum of 0.16 kPa. Even after yielding, the samples displayed stronger magnetoviscous effect. Dynamic rheological characteristics of magnetic nanofluids were examined using amplitude sweep measurements. The increase in magnetic field strength and the decrease in temperature can effectively enhance the shear resistance of the nanomagnetic fluid, which leads to the elevation of the storage modulus. Furthermore, the linear viscoelastic (LVE) region and the crossover point of the storage modulus and loss modulus also shift towards higher strain amplitudes. These findings contribute to the research on magnetic nanofluids prepared with larger particles and provide guidance for their applications over a wider temperature range.
  • The synergistic effects of magnesium oxide expansive agent and nano-silica on the performance of ultra-high-performance concrete
    LI Shunkai, ZHAO Huan, ZENG Qinwei, LI Jie, RAN Yao, ZHANG Zhanqiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6148-6152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.018
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    The mechanical properties and early autogenous shrinkage of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) were experimentally investigated with the incorporation of magnesium oxide expansive agent (MEA) and nano-silica (NS). XRD and SEM were conducted to analyze the early hydration reactions and hydration products. The results indicate that the addition of MEA and NS both reduces the flowability of UHPC, and their combined incorporation further decreases flowability. The introduction of MEA decreases the compressive strength of UHPC at different ages, while the addition of appropriate amounts of NS and MEA significantly improves both compressive strength and early autogenous shrinkage of UHPC. Microscopic tests using XRD and SEM reveal that NS effectively reduces the content of calcium hydroxide in the UHPC system. The UHPC with 0.5 % NS and 6.0 % MEA has a denser structure and no obvious macropores and flake calcium hydroxide, which makes the UHPC have good volume stability and mechanical properties.
  • Effects of SiO2 coating on microstructure and energy storage performance of BaTiO3@SiO2 composite Ceramics
    LIU Jiachen, WU Jiawei, LIU Yueming, TONG Yang, MA Jiangwei, YONG Hui, HU Jifan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6153-6159. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.019
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    To obtain a high breakdown field and energy density of the energy storage capacitor based on composite ceramic materials, one of the difficulties is to study the effects of the interface and boundary layer of nanoparticles of the composite ceramic materials. In this paper, the characteristics and energy storage properties of BaTiO3@SiO2 composite ceramic materials obtained by sintering of BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2 of different thicknesses were studied. It is found that the breakdown strength and discharge energy density of ceramic materials were improved by sintering BaTiO3 particles coated with SiO2. Reducing the size of BaTiO3 particles greatly increased the interface between BaTiO3 and SiO2, which affected the formation of new phases and changed the crystal structure. As a result, BaTiO3@SiO2 composite ceramics using larger filler particles have denser metallographic microstructure, higher breakdown field strength, and higher discharge energy density than BaTiO3@SiO2 composite ceramics using extremely fine filler particles.
  • Modulation of fluorescence intensity and color rendering based on optical irradiation methods
    CHEN Hao, XI Zengzhe, CHEN Yuli, LONG Wei, ZHANG Xiaoli, DING Lilei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6160-6166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.020
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    With the development of information technology, anti-counterfeiting and information protection have become a closely watched issue in many industries, and the development of optical anti-counterfeiting materials with high anti-counterfeiting complexity has received more and more attention from researchers. In this study, Er3+-doped Ca2SnO4 matrix was chosen to investigate the photoluminescence and fluorescence modulation properties of the material. It is found that Er3+ doped Ca2SnO4 matrix will occupy the 4h-site cationic position, which plays a twofold role in the process of enhancing the optical properties of the material. On the one hand, Er3+ acts as a luminescent center and produces green light emission with 550 nm as the main peak and red emission with 671 nm as the main peak under 380 nm excitation, respectively. On the other hand, non-equivalent substitutional doping introduces defect traps in the material to trap carriers to form color centers, which helps the material to have photochromic capability. After irradiation with a UV light source, the photoluminescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of the material exhibit attenuation modulation. At the same time, the fluorescent color rendering parameters of the material, such as CIE chromaticity coordinates, color purity, and correlated color temperature, are also modulated by irradiation with a UV light source. Finally, with the help of energy transfer theory, the energy transfer from the luminescence center to the color center is analyzed and obtained as the reason for the fluorescence modulation phenomenon of the material. The above studies show that the fluorescence intensity and color rendering of Er3+-doped Ca2SnO4 can be modulated by external light source irradiation, which has potential application in the field of optical anti-counterfeiting.
  • Preparation and performance study of polypropylene fiber modified porous ecological concrete
    WANNG Yongfang, GAO Liping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6167-6173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.021
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    Polypropylene fiber was used as the reinforcing phase to prepare polypropylene fiber modified porous ecological concrete. The effect of fiber doping on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and frost resistance of the concrete was studied. The results showed that the appropriate amount of polypropylene fibers were tightly wrapped in the concrete matrix after being doped into the porous ecological concrete, forming a stable fiber network structure inside the concrete, which improved the bond strength between the coarse aggregates of the concrete, enhanced the resistance to deformation, and reduced the phenomenon of cracks and aggregate detachment. When the doping amount of polypropylene fiber was 0.9 vol%, the compressive strength, flexural strength, peak stress and deflection of concrete all reached their maximum values, which were 29.95, 5.04, 28.00 MPa, and 6.8 mm, respectively. The residual bearing capacity of concrete decreased in the order of PP-0.9% > PP-0.6% > PP-0.3% > PP-1.2%. After 150 rapid freeze-thaw tests, with the increase in the amount of polypropylene fiber doping, the concrete quality loss first decreased and then increased, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus first increased and then decreased. When the amount of polypropylene fiber doping was 0.9 vol%, the minimum concrete quality loss rate was 1.38%, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 90.45%. From the comprehensive analysis, it can be concluded that the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete with a polypropylene fiber doping content of 0.9 vol% are the best.
    • Process & Technology
  • Tribological properties and wear mechanism of SnAgCu-Al2O3/TiNi under velocity action
    TANG Jun, LIN Haibo, XIONG Bangying, YANG Kang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6174-6184. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.022
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    High-nickel titanium-based alloys (TiNi) have the advantages of low density and high specific strength, and are widely used in mechanical engineering and other fields. The poor wear resistance of TiNi alloys limits the development and application of TiNi alloys in related fields. In order to improve the wear-reducing and wear-resistant performance of TiNi alloy, a fish scale-like surface texture was designed and prepared on its surface using a laser marking machine, as well as filled with a composite solid lubricant SnAgCu-Al2O3 (S-A/TiNi). The effects of different speeds on the tribological properties of the S-A/TiNi composites were investigated under the surface texture angle parameter of 70°. The results showed that the temperature rise on the abraded surface of S-A/TiNi-70° improved the plasticizing properties of the solid lubricant at a speed of 0.037 m/s. The solid lubricant was extruded from the weave under stress, promoting lubricant film generation and obtaining optimum tribological properties. At higher velocities (>0.037 m/s), the temperature rise of the friction surface was fast, resulting in enhanced plastic properties of the solid lubricant. Damage to the lubrication film under stress results in reduced tribological performance. At lower velocities (<0.037 m/s), more heat was generated on the friction surfaces, making the plastic deformation of the solid lubricant excessive. The lubricant film was prone to spalling under cyclic stress, leading to a reduction in the tribological properties of the substrate.
  • Preparation and research of epoxy/polyester composite resin conductive silver paste
    ZHAO Keliang, WANG Dalin, ZHAO Yunlong, LIU Zhenguo, SUN Xinye, LU Ruihan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6185-6190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.023
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    In this paper, the rheological, electrical and mechanical properties of silver paste with different blends of epoxy resin and polyester resin were studied. The thixotropy and thixotropy recovery rate of resin silver paste were studied by rheometer, and the effect of rheology on printing film was discussed. In situ curving resistance test method was used to monitor the change of thermal curing resistance of silver resin paste. The results showed that the content of epoxy resin in silver paste had great influence on the resistance. The adhesion strength of resin silver paste on Al2O3 substrate was evaluated by the thrust test method, and the thermal impact performance of resin silver paste was evaluated. The results showed that when the ratio of epoxy resin to polyester resin was 1:0.6, the viscosity of C-1 silver paste was moderate, the thixotropic recovery rate was 58.03% after 10 s, and the printing surface was flat. After curing at 200 ℃ for 30 min, the resistance is about 2 Ω, the adhesion strength is about 10 N/mm2, and the adhesion strength is not significantly deteriorated after thermal shock at 260 ℃. The comprehensive performance is better, and it is suitable for the process requirements of electronic components.
  • The study on the preparation and performance of the N-E/DHPD/EG composite phase change materials
    YANG Yi, PENG Jingtang, CHEN Zhili, DONG Yujie, WU Yang, LYU Nan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6191-6195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.024
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    To solve the problems of supercooling, phase separation and cycle stability of disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, the N-E/DHPD/EG composite phase change materials are developed and prepared, and their properties are characterized, and the law and mechanism of performance change are explored. N-E/DHPD/EG composite phase change materials were prepared by vacuum impregnation. The supercooling degree of the composite phase change material is reduced to less than 1 ℃, and the enthalpy of phase change above 229 J/g is maintained. Under the condition that the enthalpy of phase change does not decrease too much, the supercooling degree of the composite phase change material has been solved. The mechanism of supercooling problem is revealed from thermodynamic point of view. By adding expanded graphite, the thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material is more than 1.086 W/(m·K), and the cycle stability is better.
  • Preparation and oil displacement evaluation of amphiphilic carbon quantum dots
    HUANG Heyun, YU Hongjiang, LI Jintao, CUI Yanqi, LEI Liang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6196-6201. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.025
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    A stable amphiphilic carbon quantum dots (CQDs) oil displacement agent (CQDs-S) was rapidly synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method with glucose as carbon source and dodecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (DHSB) as surface modifier. FTIR, TEM and DLS were used to characterize the structure, morphology and stability of CQDs-S. Interface performance test, contact angle measurement and static oil washing experiment were carried out to study the performance advantages of CQDs-S, compare with DHSB and CQDs in oil recovery, and analyze the mechanism of enhanced oil recovery. The results show that CQDs-S is a spherical particle with an average particle size of 7.8 nm, and its surface is modified with alkyl, which has amphiphilic properties and good stability. With a mass concentration of 0.1% CQDs-S, the oil-water interfacial tension is reduced to 0.96 mN/m, the contact angle is reduced to 48.5°, the static oil washing efficiency is as high as 86.8%, and the oil recovery rate in the core with a permeability of 50×10-3 μm2 is increased by 16.74%, which is significantly higher than that of CQDs and DHSB. The EOR mechanism of CQDs-S is mainly to reduce interfacial tension, change wettability and realize profile control. CQDs-S is an efficient nano oil displacement agent, which can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension, change the rock wettability, and realize profile control.
  • Rapid preparation and properties of flexible antifreeze hydrogel electrolyte
    GEGETana, HE Ridong, JI Guojun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6202-6211. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.026
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    The composite hydrogel (PAM-LC) was prepared by one pot crosslinking polymerization with acrylamide (AM) as a monomer added into the crosslinking agent methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) and ammonium sulfate (APS), the L-type Kara gum (LC) and potassium chloride (KCl) as the initiator. In order to expand the application of this hydrogel as an electrolyte in extreme cold conditions, the effects of lithium salt concentration and immersion time on the freezing resistance, conductivity and mechanical stability of PAM-LC based hydrogel were studied. The results show that the unsoaked hydrogel freezes at -12.68 ℃, while the hydrogel soaked in lithium chloride solution will not freeze at -75 ℃. Through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) test, it can be concluded that the conductivity of hydrogel can reach 8.03 ms/cm at -30 ℃, and also reach 22.77 ms/cm at room temperature, with the better conductivity than common hydrogel. The mechanical property test shows that the hydrogel not soaked at room temperature has excellent mechanical properties but poor frost resistance. After immersion in 5M lithium chloride solution for 24 hours, the hydrogel (PAM LC LiCl) still shows good mechanical stability after freezing at -20 ℃.
  • Preparation and photocatalytic properties of BiOX matrix composites
    ZHU Quping, LIU Xiangxiang, WANG Shu, YUAN Lan, LI Chengbing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6212-6217. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.027
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    As one of the BiOX materials, BiOI has the advantages of narrow band gap and strong absorption of visible light. In this paper, TiO2-BIOI composites were prepared by solvothermal method using TiO2 as raw materials, and the effects of different TiO2 composites on the structure and photocatalytic performance of the materials were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, PL and photocatalytic degradation. The results showed that TiO2 with spherical particles was distributed between the layers of BiOI, whose combination improved the light response ability of the composite material in the visible light region and reduced the bandgap width. The emission spectra showed that TiO2-BiOI had an intrinsic emission peak at 467 nm, and the emission peak intensity decreased first and then increased slightly with the increase of TiO2 mass fraction, and the PL intensity of TiO2-BioI -30% was the lowest. Using methyl orange solution to simulate the degradation wastewater, the photocatalytic degradation rate of methyl orange by TiO2-BiOI composites increased first and then decreased with the increase of TiO2 composite mass fraction. At 180 min, the degradation rate of methyl orange by TiO2-BioI-30% was up to 99.57%, which was 100.62% higher than that by pure BiOI. After repeated use for 5 times, the degradation rate is still as high as 97.02%, which has excellent reuse performance.
  • Low thermal solid-solid coupling reaction for in situ synthesis of nano-CaO and CO via nano-CaCO3 and carbon powder
    LU Zixuna, YE Xianmin, CAI Zhengyu, ZHANG Bingzi, TANG Mei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6218-6223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.028
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    At high temperatures, solid-phase CaO can directly react with CO2, achieving a capture rate of 78.57 wt% and serving as an efficient means to address carbon emissions. Key challenges in calcium looping technology include reducing the decomposition temperature of CaCO3, regenerating CaO, and efficiently utilizing CO2. In this study, a low thermal solid-solid coupling reaction between nano-CaCO3 and carbon powder was employed to simultaneously regenerate nano-CaO and convert CO2 in-situ to CO. This process led to a 46 ℃ reduction in the decomposition temperature of nano-CaCO3, accompanied by an approximately 50% increase in decomposition rate. The regenerated porous nano-CaO exhibited small and uniform particle size, facilitating its reuse for CO2 capture and achieving calcium looping utilization. The CO produced from the conversion of CO2 can be applied in industrial syngas synthesis. Nano-CaCO3 and carbon powder offer advantages such as wide availability, low cost, high safety, and convenient transportation. The low thermal solid-solid coupling reaction holds the potential to enhance CO2 capture and utilization efficiency under the premise of low cost.
  • Effect of Si content on microstructure and properties of automobile aluminum alloy
    FAN Fuqi, XU Mindao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6224-6229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.029
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Different Si doped aluminum alloy materials for automotive use were prepared, and the effects of Si mass fraction on the phase structure, microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, wear performance and wear morphology of the aluminum alloy were studied through XRD, OM, SEM, mechanical performance tests, and friction and wear tests. The results showed that aluminum alloys were mainly composed of α-Al, Mg, Si, as well as the second phase Mg2Si and Mg17Al12. The increase in Si doping mass fraction refined the coral like structure α-Al phase, and the second phase mainly precipitated at grain boundaries. With the increase of Si doping mass fraction, the tensile strength and hardness of aluminum alloy first increased and then decreased, the yield strength continued increasing, and the fracture elongation continued decreasing. The tensile strength of aluminum alloy with a Si doping mass fraction of 3% reached a maximum value of 264.8 MPa, corresponding to a yield strength of 189.6 MPa, a maximum hardness of 58.8 HV, and a corresponding fracture elongation of 10.6%. The wear test results showed that both the wear amount and friction coefficient showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of Si doping mass fraction. When the Si doping mass fraction was 3%, the friction coefficient and wear amount of the aluminum alloy reached the lowest values, which were 0.052 and 64.8 mg, respectively. The wear resistance of the aluminum alloy was the best, and the direction of the plow groove in the wear surface was uniform and consistent.
  • Direct writing printing technology and sensing performance test of CNT/PDMS
    LU Hanjing, CHEN Zhigang, LUO Bin, XIAO Yang, LI Yafang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(6): 6230-6236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.06.030
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    For the preparation of composite materials and the application requirements of CNT/PDMS composites with conductive properties in flexible sensing directions, direct writing printing was combined with composite material preparation. The direct writing printing technology of CNT/PDMS was studied and its sensing properties were tested. In the experiment, printing inks with different CNT content were prepared to test their bootstrap and electrical conductivity of printing ink. Inks with a 7% CNT content printed smoothly and could print complex structures. Premium selected 200 kPa extrusion pressure, 20 mm/s printing speed could get smooth filaments. Printing effect of different shapes of mesh and electrical conductivity were tested, and a 60% density mesh for printing to be selected. To improve the electrical conductivity after curing, premium selected 80 ℃ and heated 2 hours to cure. On this basis, grid structures with different CNT content were printed to test. The sensitivity changed obviously in the range of 0-10 kPa pressure, then the rate of resistance change increased slowly. To apply different pressures to the material in a reciprocating way, the stability of the composite material was good. When weights of different masses were pressed intermittently on the grid structure, the sensor resolution of the composite material was good. These have laid a good foundation for the follow-up studies of direct writing printing technology to prepare composite materials.
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