29 February 2024, Volume 55 Issue 2
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Preparation and lithium storage performance of NiCuCoMn electrode materials
    YU Zhenyang, MA Jinhu, SUN Qi, ZHANG Zhijia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2001-2008. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.001
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    In this work, nano porous materials NiCuCoMn@TMOs were prepared by melt-spining and chemical delloying methods, and R-NiCuCoMn@TMOs were further prepared through heat treatment. The characterization of the materials was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance testing of the electrodes was tested. As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, R-NiCuCoMn@TMOs has a high capacity (394.9 mAh/g) at a current density of 0.1 A/g and exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 97.53% after 200 cycles. The material after heat treatment has the more abundant vacancies, lower charge transfer resistance (38 Ω) and better rate capability (with a specific capacity of 141.1 mAh/g at a current density of 2 A/g). Unique nano porous structure provides rich active site for reaction. The synergetic effect of multiple metal cations with different radius, valence states and reaction potentials makes R-NiCuCoMn@TMOs have a good volume tolerance to accommodate the volume change during the lithium-deintercalation process, and display a superior electrochemical performance. In addition, the raw material reserves of the electrode material are abundant, the price is low, and it is easy to realize mass production. This work provides a new idea for simple multi-element transition metal oxide anode materials designing.
  • Preparation and performance study of polypropylene fiber modified porous ecological concrete
    XU Shengze
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2009-2014. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.002
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    Porous ecological concrete with different polypropylene fiber doping levels was prepared using basalt crushed stone as natural coarse aggregate, waste concrete as recycled coarse aggregate, and polypropylene fiber as reinforcement phase. The influence of the doping amount of polypropylene fibers on the physical properties, microstructure, mechanical properties, and frost resistance of porous ecological concrete was explored. The results indicate that the permeability coefficient and porosity of porous ecological concrete exhibit a positive linear relationship, and as the doping amount of polypropylene fibers increases, the permeability coefficient and porosity of concrete continue decreasing. The moderate doping of polypropylene fibers can form a uniform and dense grid structure in porous ecological concrete. When the doping amount of polypropylene fibers is 3 vol%, the density of concrete is the highest. As the doping amount of polypropylene fibers increases, the flexural strength of concrete first increases and then decreases, and the compressive strength first increases rapidly and then slowly increases. At the age of 28 d, when the doping amount of polypropylene fibers is 3 vol%, the maximum flexural strength of concrete reaches 4.68 MPa, corresponding to a compressive strength of 14.68 MPa. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, when the doping amount of polypropylene fiber is 3 vol%, the minimum mass loss rate of concrete is 2.17%, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus is 84.81%, indicating the best frost resistance performance. Therefore, the optimal doping amount for polypropylene fibers is 3 vol%.
  • Co3O4-GN-CNT network derived from ZIF-8@ZIF-67 as high-performance lithium-ion battery anode material
    ZHANG Shunzhe, CHEN Yujie, LI Hua, LIU Hezhou
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2015-2021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.003
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    Due to the high theoretical capacity, Co3O4 has been regarded as one of the popular candidates for new anode materials in lithium-ion batteries recent years. However, the poor conductivity and cycling performance hinder its further development. In this work, Co3O4/C three-dimensional conductive networks with carbon nanotubes and graphene as conductive bridges and shells were prepared through carbonization and oxidation treatment using melamine and g-C3N4 as carbon sources and ZIF-8@ZIF-67 as self templates. The strategy of nanosizing particles and the evaporation and pore formation of zinc at high temperature result in the specific capacity of 1 139.7 mAh/g and 1 002.1 mAh/g after cycling for 200 and 800 cycles at current densities of 0.5 A/g and 2 A/g. Gradually increasing the current density of charging and discharging from 0.2 A/g to 10 A/g and then returning to 0.2 A/g, the material still reaches 94.9% of the initial capacity. This network structure exhibits superior cycling and rate performance compared to similar materials.
  • Experimental study on the effect of calcined kaolin on asphalt aging performance
    HU Chunhua, ZHANG Hao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2022-2028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.004
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    To improve the pavement properties and extend the lifetime of asphalt pavements, the aging resistance of calcined kaolin (CK) modified asphalt was studied. The effect of CK on the aging properties of asphalt and the changes in the functional group chemistry of asphalt before and after aging were analyzed by rotating thin film oven test (RTFOT), pressure aging vessel (PAV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The test results show that with the increase of CK, the softening point and viscosity of asphalt gradually increase, the penetration and ductility decrease. At the same time, CK makes asphalt has a high compound shear modulus. When the CK mixture of 15%, the best rutting resistance is obtained. CK significantly reduces the softening point index (SPI), viscosity aging index (VAI) and complex modulus aging index (CMAI) of the matrix asphalt and significantly increases the penetration retention rate (PRR) and phase angle index (PAI). FT-IR tests showed that CK inhibits the production of carbonyl index (IC=O) and sulphite index (IS=O) during thermal and oxygen aging of the virgin asphalt, thus effectively improving the aging resistance of the asphalt.
  • Research progress on the adsorption of heavy metal ions in water by biomass composites
    WANG Qing, PANG Shaofeng, WANG Yanbin, LU Xinyu, CHEN Qi, NIE Hongjie, ZHU Xingchen, SU Qiong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2029-2040. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.005
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    With the development of modern industry, heavy metal water pollution has become one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal ions are highly toxic and difficult to degrade, being harmful to humans, aquatic animals, and plants to a large extent and damaging ecosystems. The advantages of low cost, high removal efficiency and recyclability of the adsorption method make it one of the important methods of wastewater treatment. Biomass materials are rich in resources, low cost, green and environmentally friendly, and have been widely studied as new adsorbent raw materials. Based on this, taking metal-organic framework, zeolite and biochar biomass materials as examples, this paper first reviews the preparation and modification methods of biomass matrix composites and summarizes the influence of the properties of adsorbents on metal ion adsorption, secondly elaborates the adsorption mechanism between them and metal ions, and finally puts forward the prospect of biomass matrix composites in the development of water pollution control.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress on AgInS2 quantum dot regulation and its application in WLED
    LIU Hanyu, XIE Zhixiang, CHEN Ting, DONG Yanmao, ZHOU Xing, YUAN Yan, WU Haitao, CHEN Yonghao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2041-2051. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.006
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    AgInS2 quantum dots are an interesting material with a near-infrared band gap ranging from 1.87 to 1.98 eV. As a direct band gap semiconductor, it can adjust the band gap by adjusting the Ag/In ratio, and it also has a wide PL peak and a large Stokes shift. At the same time, the characteristics of low toxicity and environmental protection also make it an ideal material to replace binary quantum dots containing heavy metal elements such as Cd, Hg and Pb, and has a wide application prospect in the field of optoelectronic devices, especially in light emitting diodes. In this paper, the crystal structure and luminescence mechanism of AgInS2 quantum dots are described in detail, the characteristics of synthesis methods are summarized, and the strategies of regulating AgInS2 quantum dots by shell engineering and doping methods are reviewed. Finally, the application progress of AgInS2 quantum dots in light-emitting diodes is introduced.
  • Research progress of carbon catalytic materials from biomass
    CHEN Qi, WANG Yanbin, PANG Shaofeng, WANG Qing, YU Hao, ZHU Xingchen, SU Qiong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2052-2062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.007
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    Biomass is an excellent carbon source with abundant production, wide variety, low price and environmentally friendly, and the preparation of carbon catalytic materials from biomass is undoubtedly turning waste into treasure, which can fundamentally solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste. This paper introduces the effects of biomass species, components and structure on the performance of biomass carbon-based catalytic materials, compares the two common methods of pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization for the preparation of biomass carbon-based catalytic materials, discusses the three ways to further enhance the catalyst activity, heteroatom doping, metal-ion modification, and functionalization, and analyzes and summarizes the challenges faced by biomass carbon-based catalytic materials.
  • Research progress on in-situ synthesized TiB2 particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites
    LIU Jingfu, JIA Jing, ZHUANG Weibin, QIN Longjian, LI Jinghui, MENG Chao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2063-2073. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.008
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    Aluminum matrix composites prepared via in-situ synthesis technology weigh the contradiction between strength and plasticity, which is expected to realize the integration of structure and function of aluminum matrix composites. In-situ synthesis of TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites has high specific stiffness and modulus, excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and fatigue resistance, which is one of the research hotspots of metal matrix composites in recent years and has broad application prospects in automobile manufacturing, high-speed trains, aerospace and national defense and military fields. In this paper, the characteristics and advantages of three reaction systems, Al-K2TiF6-KBF4 system, Al-TiO2-B2O3 system and Al-Ti-B system, for in-situ synthesis of TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum matrix are summarized, the research status of the influence of TiB2 particles on the grain size, interfacial bonding and wettability of aluminum matrix is summarized, and the mechanism of TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum composites is discussed. The unsolved problems in this field are summarized, and the potential development space of TiB2 particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites is prospected, so as to provide reference for the research and development of in-situ synthesized particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
  • Research progress in improving the electromagnetic shielding performance of resin matrix composites by carbon fiber surface modification
    HE Weiqing, PU Hao, YUE Shengjin, YAN Chun, ZHU Yingdan, CHEN Mingda, YU Xiaochen, SU An
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2074-2081. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.009
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    With the rapid development of emerging industries such as big data, internet of things and new energy vehicles, related electronic devices and components are evolving towards high performance, high integration, lightweight and precision. The resulting electromagnetic interference can pose a threat to human health, information security and normal operation of various electronic devices. Therefore, high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials are urgently needed. Carbon fiber has excellent mechanical properties and good electrical conductivity, and its resin matrix composites have many advantages, such as light weight, high specific strength/modulus, good fatigue resistance, strong designability and excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. However, compared with traditional metal materials, carbon fiber composites have lower electromagnetic shielding performance. In order to further improve the electromagnetic shielding performance of carbon fiber composites, it is usually necessary to modify the surface of carbon fiber to increase its electrical conductivity. In this paper, the electromagnetic shielding mechanism of carbon fiber composites is introduced. The various surface modification methods of carbon fiber and their effects on the electromagnetic shielding performance of resin matrix composites are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various carbon fiber surface modification methods are analyzed. The development trend of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix electromagnetic shielding composites is further prospected.
  • Research progress of inorganic/organic composite internal curing agent for cement-based materials
    XIA Huiyun, LYU Xin, ZHANG Gengtong, YANG Guolong, SONG Lifang, NIU Yanhui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2082-2090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.010
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    As one of the important internal curing agents for cement-based materials, inorganic/organic composite water absorbing materials, which has hydrophilic groups and three-dimensional network structures, exhibits excellent water absorption, water retention, and water release properties. By introducing inorganic/organic composite water absorbing materials into cement-based materials, their water absorption and release characteristics can automatically adjust the internal relative humidity of cement-based materials, promote hydration reactions, reduce self shrinkage and early cracking of cement-based materials, and thereby improve mechanical properties and durability. The preparation methods, structural characteristics and absorption/desorption behavior of inorganic/organic composite internal curing materials (CICA) were introduced. The impact on the hydration process, microstructure, macroscopic properties and durability of cement-based materials were summarized. The development prospects of CICA in concrete applications were prospected, providing theoretical guidance and technical reference for the application of CICA in cement-based internal curing.
  • Research progress of surface texture improving friction characteristics of DLC coating
    YUAN Haoen, WU Jizhong, WANG Haijun, CHEN Wengang, CHENG Jiahao, GUO Siliang, ZHOU Yihao, WEI Beichao, LUO Hai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2091-2104. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.011
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    In recent years, both surface texturing technology and surface coating technology have made significant progress in improving the tribological performance. More and more researches have combined surface texturing technology with coating technology, and it has been found that under suitable external conditions and appropriate texturing parameters, the combination of surface texturing and DLC coating can exhibit excellent tribological characteristics, achieving a synergistic effect greater than the sum of the individual parts. Surface texture technology has been widely used to improve the frictional performance of materials, but it cannot provide good lubrication under dry sliding conditions. However, DLC coating is widely recognized as an effective solid lubricant, with good anti-friction and anti-wear properties, but the disadvantage of poor adhesion. Surface texturing can increase the effective bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, thereby improving the coating's tribological performance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. This article mainly introduces the friction and wear characteristics of surface texturing and DLC coating composite treatment, discussing geometric parameters of the texture, external conditions, contact modes, ingestion of different elements, coating thickness, etc. to provide references for future research directions. Finally, the development trends of composite modification of texturing and coating are discussed. Surface texture and DLC coating are two widely used techniques in the field of surface engineering. Surface texture is typically formed using methods such as laser processing, electrical discharge machining, and chemical etching to enhance surface friction, lubrication, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. DLC coating is a diamond-like carbon film with high hardness, wear resistance, and low friction coefficient, which can be used to improve surface performance and extend service life. In recent years, some researchers have begun to study the combined treatment of surface texture and DLC coating on surface performance. The research results have shown that this combination treatment can greatly improve the surface wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and lubrication performance. For example, using laser microtexturing treatment on the surface of stainless steel and coating it with DLC coating can significantly improve its wear and corrosion resistance. Other researchers have studied the texturization of DLC coatings. By creating microtextures on the surface of DLC coatings, their friction and lubrication performance can be improved. For example, using electron beam physical vapor deposition technology to create microtextures on the surface of DLC coatings can significantly improve their lubrication performance. Still, others have studied the effect of coating DLC on surface texture. This combined treatment can further improve surface performance. For example, after creating microtextures on the surface of stainless steel, coating it with DLC coating can significantly improve its friction and wear resistance. Overall, surface texture and DLC coating are two very useful surface engineering techniques that can be used alone or in combination to improve surface performance and extend service life. With the continuous development and improvement of these technologies, we can expect to see more innovative applications in the future.
  • Research progress of eutectic electrolyte for rechargeable zinc ion batteries
    WANG Yuyuan, ZHANG Wenwei, HUANG Zhen, YUAN Yuxin, WANG Yipeng, SONG Jiangyu, LUO Ping
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2105-2114. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.012
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    Rechargeable zinc ion batteries (RZIBs) have gained significant attention due to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the high reactivity of water in traditional aqueous electrolytes leads to the problems of dendrite formation and side reactions in the circulation process of zinc anode, which limits the development of RZIBs. These issues are effectively addressed by eutectic electrolytes through the regulation of the number of water molecules in the solvation structure of Zn2+ ions via hydrogen bonding and coordination effects. Additionally, eutectic electrolytes have the advantages of simple synthesis, non-corrosive, and environmental friendliness, which has attracted much attention in the field of RZIBs. The article begins by providing a brief introduction to the basic principles and definitions of eutectic electrolytes, and then highlights their current applications in RZIBs. Finally, the development prospects of eutectic electrolytes are discussed, offering important insights for the preparation of excellent eutectic electrolytes.
  • Advances in thermoplastic starch-based films
    XU Chunmei, JING Limin, ZHANG Bin, WAN Ran, CHEN Lulu, LIU Zhuqing, HAN Wenjia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2115-2123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.013
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    Starch is a natural polymer material composed of α-glucose molecules with a wide range of sources, and mainly in the roots and stems of plants. It is inexpensive, renewable and biodegradable. The preparation of natural degradable plastic films from starch is of great significance to solve the problem of environmental pollution. Compared with starch-based materials, synthetic thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene have disadvantages such as irritating odor, non-biodegradable and polluting the environment. Biodegradable thermoplastic materials made from starch have become a hot research topic for researchers. In this paper the structure and properties of starch is described, together with the plasticization methods, the ways to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch. Also the research progress and the outlook of thermoplastic starch-based materials are summarize.
  • Research progress of adsorption for the pollutants in aqueous solution by quaternary ammonium surfactant modified zeolites
    WANG Liyan, WU Wenting, ZHAO Bing, WANG Xiuwen, Yin Guangming, YANG Mingrui, GAI Yuanyuan, CONG Dandan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2124-2132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.014
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    With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, organic pollutants in aqueous solution has caused serious influence for ecological environment. Zeolite have the advantages of large surface area, good stability and strong cation exchange ability. Therefore, it is widely used in adsorption of pollutants in aqueous solution. Quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant is often used as a modifier for zeolite because it has high surface activity, easy to adhere to the zeolite surfaces and change surface electrical properties of zeolite. The structural properties of zeolite, the quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant interaction with zeolite and modified zeolite interaction with adsorbent are reviewed. Research progress on the adsorption of drugs, heavy metal ions, water-soluble dyes, ammonia nitrogen and phenolic compounds by quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant modified zeolite is also introduced. It puts forward some problems and possible development directions in the use of modified zeolite in water pollution removal. It provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of modified zeolite environmental protection.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on mechanical properties of carbonation curing fluorogypsum and slaked lime
    TIAN Yanchao, ZHANG Haibo, WANG Yuli
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2133-2141. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.015
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    Fluorogypsum was the waste residue emitted during the production of dry-process aluminum fluoride or wet-process hydrogen fluoride. Its main component was CaSO4. In order to comprehensively utilize the fluorogypsum, this study used hydrated lime and rapid carbonation curing to enhance the compressive strength and softening coefficient of the fluorogypsum. The characteristics of the composite material system after hardening at different proportions of fluorogypsum and hydrated lime, as well as different water to material ratios, were analyzed using DTA-TG, XRD, and SEM-EDS. The research results showed that when the water to material ratio was 0.1, with the increase of hydrated lime content, the compressive strength of the composite material increased from the original (without hydrated lime) 2.4 MPa to 22.4 MPa. The test results of XRD, DTA-TG, and SEM-EDS showed that the reaction products of the composite material were gypsum dihydrate and calcium carbonate, and the content of calcium carbonate was relatively higher when the hydrated lime content was 50% and 70%. Under the synergistic effect of hydrated lime activation and rapid carbonation curing, the mechanical strength and water resistance of the fluorogypsum were improved, which has significant guiding significance for the production and research of gypsum-based building materials.
  • Study on compressive strength and size effect of recycled concrete with fly ash-slag
    DU Ting, SHUAI Xiaogen, SHI Wen, CHEN Qian, LI Chenyu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2142-2147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.016
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    In this study, the mixing mode and content of fly ash and slag were set as variables, and 24 groups of C30 recycled coarse aggregate concrete (RAC) were designed. The compressive strength of RAC was studied. The experimental results show that when adding fly ash or slag independently, the compressive strength of RAC increased firstly and then decreased with the mineral powder content, and the improvement of compressive strength of RAC of slag was significantly better than that of fly ash at the same content. If one of them was kept at 20% when added together, the cubic and axial compressive strength increased firstly with the other mineral powder content and then declined with its increase. Moreover, the compressive strength of RAC was higher when fly ash and slag were added together than independently. The compressive strength of RAC had an obvious size effect. The strength conversion coefficient (η) of cubic and axial compressive strength of RAC increased with the growth of fly ash or slag content when adding independently, while kept stable at 0.85 ± 0.02 when adding together. A modified formula for η of RAC under different conditions of fine mineral admixtures was established, and the verification showed good agreement. Therefore, in actual engineering, the content of fly ash and slag is recommended mixed and its content is suggested within 25%.
  • Study on mechanical properties and frost resistance of basalt fiber/resin matrix composite concrete
    GONG Hao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2148-2154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.017
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    Using epoxy resin E51 as the matrix material and acetone as the diluent, basalt fiber/resin based composite concrete was prepared by adding basalt fibers. The influence of basalt fiber doping amount on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of the composite concrete was investigated. The results showed that the number of macro cracks in the composite concrete was reduced after adding proper amount of basalt fiber. The basalt fiber was distributed in the concrete crosswise and lengthways, closely combined with gel and aggregate, and the mechanical properties of the concrete were significantly improved. With the increase of basalt fiber doping, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus of composite concrete first increased and then slightly decreased, and the mass loss first decreased and then increased. When the content of basalt fiber doping was 0.60 vol%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of composite concrete reached their maximum values, which were 41.63 and 8.90 MPa, respectively. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 59.54%, and the minimum mass loss rate was 1.02%. Its mechanical and frost resistance properties were the best. Through curve fitting analysis of the mass loss rate and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, it could be concluded that the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles and more suitable for evaluating the service life of concrete. The estimated lifespan of concrete with a 0.60 vol% doping content of basalt fibers tested could reach 9.84 years, which was 51.38% higher than that of the undoped sample. Overall, the optimal doping amount for basalt fibers was 0.60 vol%.
  • First principles studyof rare earth elements (La, Eu, Ho) doped monolayer WSe2
    JIANG Gange, JIANG Yuqi, GUO Xiang, DING Zhao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2155-2160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.018
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    Monolayer tungsten selenide (WSe2) is an excellent characteristic with good thermal stability, electronic transport, and large-scale scalability. This article is based on density functional theory and uses first principles calculations to study the structure, electrical properties, and optical properties of rare earth element (La, Eu, Ho) doped monolayer WSe2. Doping with rare earth elements (La, Eu, Ho) results in a P-type conductive transmission characteristic of monolayer WSe2, enhancing its conductivity and exhibiting semi metallic properties. In addition, doping with La, Eu, and Ho improves the light detection ability and visible light utilization of monolayer WSe2 in the infrared region, and has potential applications in the deep ultraviolet region. The research results demonstrate the importance of La, Eu, Ho doped monolayer WSe2 in terms of electrical and optical properties, as well as expanding its applications.
  • Research on color durability and anti-slip performance of modified color asphalt pavement
    MA Feng, ZOU Yanzhe, FU Zhen, WANG Mengmeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2161-2167. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.019
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    In order to improve the color durability of colored asphalt pavement and study its anti-slip performance, silane-modified polyacrylate (SMP) was used to modify the two mixtures of color stone mastic asphalt (CSMA) and color open graded friction course (COGFC). The color durability of colored asphalt pavement was evaluated with the help of small accelerated loading equipment, and the pavement texture information was collected by 3D scanner to explore the relationship between the three-dimensional parameters of the pavement and its anti-slip performance. The results show that SMP modifier can effectively enhance the wear resistance of CSMA and COGFC and improve the color durability of two colored asphalt. The anti-slip performance of CSMA pavement and COGFC pavement is affected by different three-dimensional parameters, and the friction coefficient model of pavement is controlled by their respective correlation factors. The anti-slip performance of colored asphalt pavement can be improved by increasing the number of aggregates exposed to pavement and using sharp aggregates.
  • Preparation and lithium storage property of NiS2/porous carbon nanofiber composite electrode
    WANG Jinkai, WANG Zhengyu, ZHANG Jiale, LIU Zhi, MENG Xiaoman, WANG Zhengdong, WANG Hongkang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2168-2173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.020
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    The preparation of long-cycle stable anode materials with high specific capacity is a prerequisite for large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage applications. NiS2/carbon nanofiber (NiS2/C) composites with uniform distribution were prepared by electrospinning and hydrothermal vulcanization. As anodes for lithium-ion batteries, the first discharge capacity of NiS2/C electrode is 864.6 mAh/g and the first Coulomb efficiency is 62.7%. The irreversible capacity is 322.9 mAh/g, which is mainly caused by the partial irreversible reaction and the formation of solid electrolyte interlayer (SEI) membrane. The NiS2/C electrode shows excellent cyclic stability, delivering a reversible capacity of 519 mAh/g after 150 cycles at 200 mA/g with a capacity retention rate as high as 90.4%. In addition, the capacity of NiS2/C electrode is still higher than 310 mAh/g at high current density of 2 A/g, which also displays superior rate performance. By XRD, SEM and TEM, it is found that the carbon nanofiber in NiS2/C, serving as the carrier and conductive medium, can greatly increase the conductivity of electrodes and efficiently accommodate the volume changes, so that NiS2/C electrode can keep its spatial structure and attributes to improve cycle performance. In addition, the porous structure of carbon nanofiber can provide channels for lithium ions, reduce the Li+ diffusion distance and enhance the ion transport rate, which is beneficial to the rate performance of batteries.
  • Study on the preparation and electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3 composite materials
    CAO Xuefang, HE Yongliang, JIA Xuefei, LUO Xiuhong, WU Lingna, LIANG Zhiwen, YUE Jia, YANG Qingshan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2174-2180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.021
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    Composite material La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3 was prepared by high-temperature calcination method and its structure, electromagnetic parameters, and electromagnetic wave absorption performance were studied. Further preliminary exploration was conducted on the electromagnetic wave absorption effect of this powder for fabric coatings. The results showed that the significant absorption performance of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3 is achieved when the powder and paraffin are mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3, and they can absorb over 99.9% of incident electromagnetic waves at a thickness of 5.0 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively. The absorption performance is excellent. In addition, within the range of 1-18 GHz and 1.0-10 mm, the total effective absorption (≦-10 dB) bandwidth of the sample La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3 covers 91.8% of the test bandwidth, achieving effective absorption of radar multi frequency bands. The excellent absorption performance of composite materials is attributed to the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and α-Fe2O3. The combined effect of dielectric loss and magnetic loss of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/α-Fe2O3 achieves effective absorption of electromagnetic waves. The fabrics prepared by coating method and plain weave methods can also absorb more than 90% of incident electromagnetic waves at 5.84 GHz, providing new ideas for the design and research of composite absorbing materials and absorbing fabrics.
  • Study on preparation and performance of high-performance foam concrete
    HU Baochun, FU Chunyu, LI Shanshan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2181-2186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.022
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    Using P.O 42.5 Portland cement as raw material, high-performance foam concrete was prepared by adding plant protein composite cement foaming agent. The influence of the volume ratio of foaming agent and water on the pore size distribution, the unit weight, water absorption, mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties of foam concrete was studied. The results show that with the increase of the volume ratio of foaming agent and water, the pore size of foam concrete increases, the pore shape gradually tends to be round, the integrity of pores increases, the unit weight continues decreasing, and the water absorption continues increasing. When V (foaming agent):V (water)=4∶80, the minimum pore shape factor is 1.351, and the pore shape is closest to spherical. With the increase of the volume ratio of foaming agent and water, the compressive strength and flexural strength of foam concrete first increase and then decrease, and the thermal conductivity first decreases and then increases. When V (foaming agent):V (water)=4∶80, the pore size distribution of foam concrete is the most uniform, its compressive strength and flexural strength are the maximum values, respectively 8.16 and 1.29 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is the lowest 0.163 W/(m·K). The mechanical properties and thermal insulation properties are optimal.
  • Study on the mechanical properties and durability of high performance concrete modified by mineral powder
    LU Chongyang, WANG Jia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2187-2192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.023
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    S115 mineral powder was used as an admixture to prepare high-performance concrete modified with mineral powder. The effects of mineral powder substitution rate on the lattice structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and durability of concrete were analyzed through XRD, SEM and composite salt solution dry wet cycle testing. The results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of mineral powder could accelerate the hydration reaction rate of cement and increase the density of the grid structure, thereby improving the microstructure of concrete and enhancing its strength. An increase in the replacement rate of mineral powder would reduce the early strength of cement paste and significantly improve the later strength of cement paste. When the replacement rate of mineral powder was 50%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete cured for 28 d reached their maximum values of 52.5 and 7.4 MPa, respectively. After replacing cement with mineral powder, the decline trend of relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate of concrete under the erosion of composite salt solution became gentle. After 30 dry wet cycles, the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete with a 50% mineral powder replacement rate was the highest at 88%, and the mass loss rate was the lowest at 1.6%, indicating the best resistance to salt solution erosion. The corrosion products of concrete are mainly needle like ettringite and block like gypsum. These products exist in the pores and cracks of concrete. After repeated drying and wetting cycles, the volume expansion produces internal stress, generates deep cracks and finally cracks the concrete, making the concrete invalid. Overall, the optimal replacement rate of mineral powder is 50%.
  • Study on mechanical properties and damage models of fiber reinforced concrete under freeze-thaw conditions
    ZHONG Haimin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2193-2200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.024
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    Polypropylene fiber (PP) was used as a toughening material, and the surface of the fibers was oxidized through the synergistic treatment of nitric acid and ultrasound to prepare fiber reinforced concrete. A rapid freeze-thaw test was conducted in a sodium chloride saline solution to investigate the effect of fiber surface treatment time on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete, and a concrete freeze-thaw damage model was established. The results showed that after the synergistic treatment of nitric acid and ultrasound, more oxygen-containing groups were introduced on the fiber surface, which improved the chemical activity of the fiber surface. The fiber surface showed more protrusions, resulting in increasing surface roughness, enhancing adhesion between the fiber and concrete matrix, and improving strength and toughness of concrete. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete treated with fiber surface for 3 h reached their maximum values of 40.9 and 5.16 MPa, respectively. The relative dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss rate of fiber reinforced concrete were fitted with the freeze-thaw cycles, respectively and a freeze-thaw damage model was established. The results showed that the model of concrete quality loss rate and freeze-thaw cycles were more sensitive. The longest service life of concrete treated with fiber surface for 3 h was 17.83 years, and the goodness of fit of all models exceeded 0.95. The damage model can accurately reflect the changes in observed data and can be used to predict the life of concrete under freeze-thaw cycles.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of DOPO-APTES and its study on flame retardant and anti-melt-drop properties of polyester fabrics
    WANG Yihong, PAN Hong, SHEN Yong, XU Lihui, HU Lei, WANG Liming, DING Ying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2201-2206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.025
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    In order to improve the flame retardancy and anti-drip performance of polyester fabrics, a flame retardant DOPO-APTES containing three elements of N, P and Si was synthesized by Atherton-Todd reaction using DOPO and APTES as raw materials. DOPO-APTES was finished onto polyester fabrics by sol-gel method. Compared with the original polyester, the residual charcoal rate of polyester fabrics after finishing was obviously increased, with better flame retardant effect, and the anti-drip performance was greatly improved.
  • Synthesis of Ba3(VO4)2:Sm3+ phosphor by molten salt method and its temperature sensing characteristics
    CHEN Jinrun, LI Zixuan, JIAO Lixin, LI Wei, CHU Chu, CAO Xiuzhe, ZHAI Yongqing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2207-2214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.026
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    A series of Ba3-x(VO4)2:xSm3+(x=0.02-0.16) phosphors were synthesized using the molten salt method with KCl as the salt. The effects of synthesis conditions as well as Sm3+ doping concentration on the phase structure and luminescence properties of the sample were investigated in detail. The temperature sensing characteristics of the sample were also studied. The optimum reaction conditions for synthesizing the sample are calcination temperature of 900 ℃, calcination time of 1 h, and a mass ratio of raw materials to molten salt of 1∶3. The obtained sample has high phase purity and crystallinity. The micromorphology of the sample is lamellar with a thickness of about 1.5-3 mm. Upon the ultraviolet excitation of 318 nm, the broad emission from the VO43- groups and characteristic emissions from Sm3+ can be observed simultaneously in the emission spectra of Ba3-x(VO4)2:xSm3+ phosphors, with the emission colors concentrated in the yellow-white light region. With the increase of Sm3+ doping concentration (x) from 0.02 to 0.16, the intensity of the characteristic emission peak of Sm3+ first increases and then decreases, reaching its maximum value when x=0.10. The dominant mechanism for the concentration quenching in Ba3-x(VO4)2:xSm3+ phosphors is attributed to the dipole-dipole (d-d) interaction. Moreover, for Ba2.9(VO4)2:0.10Sm3+ phosphors, it is found that the fluorescence intensity ratio of Sm3+ (652 nm) and VO43- groups (504 nm) shows a significant temperature dependence in the temperature range of 298-473 K. Its maximum absolute and relative temperature sensor sensitivities are 0.36/K and 1.99%/K, respectively. The results indicate that Sm3+ doped Ba3(VO4)2 phosphors exhibit excellent temperature sensing performance and potential applications in non-contact optical thermometry.
  • Construction of SiCp/Al intrinsic model based on analysis of static and dynamic mechanical properties of materials
    WANG Rong, ZHAO Man, ZHAO Keguang, MAO Jian, ZHANG Liqiang, GUO Weicheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2215-2223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.027
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    In this paper, the intrinsic structure model of SiCp/Al composites was constructed based on the analysis of static and dynamic mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites. Quasi-static tensile tests were conducted for SiCp/2a14Al composites with 20% volume fraction using an electronic universal testing machine to study the static mechanical properties of the material. Dynamic compression tests were conducted at different temperatures (20 °C-400 °C) and strain rates (500 /s-3000 /s) using a Hopkinson compression bar test to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties of the material. The Johnson-Cook (JC) intrinsic structure model of SiCp/Al composites was constructed based on the material stress-strain test data under static and dynamic conditions, and the model was optimized by genetic algorithm. The results show that the SiCp/Al composites exhibit a strain-reinforcement effect under quasi-static conditions; under dynamic loading conditions, the material flow stress increases with the strain rate and exhibits a strain-rate reinforcement effect, which is related to the volume fraction of silicon carbide particles. With the increase of temperature, the flow stress decreases and exhibits a temperature-softening effect. The average error between the least squares fitted JC model and the experimental values is large, and the model error is reduced after optimization by genetic algorithm, which can accurately predict the rheological behavior of SiCp/2a14Al composites.
  • Study on the influence of planetary ball mill parameters on magnetic properties of SmCo5 powder
    LI Kui, AN Shizhong, LI Bangzhen, ZHAO Jinlong, REN Fengzhang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2224-2229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.028
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    Nanocrystalline SmCo5 powder is one of the most widely used hard magnetic materials for preparing nanocomposite permanent magnets due to its high coercivity and strong magnetic coupling. In this study, surfactant-assisted ball milling was used to prepare SmCo5 micro-nanosheets, and the influence of ball milling time, ball-to-powder ratio, and surfactant content on the morphology and magnetic properties of SmCo5 powder was systematically investigated using a planetary ball mill. The results showed that with increasing ball milling time and ball-to-powder ratio, the particle size and thickness of SmCo5 powder decreased and transformed into micro-nanoflakes. When the ball milling time and ball-to-powder ratio exceeded 4 h and 12∶1, respectively, the particle size and thickness of SmCo5 powder did not change significantly. The SmCo5 powder exhibited the optimal magnetic property, a remanence of 45.9 Am2/kg and a coercivity of 1.13×106 A/m, when choosing the ball-to-powder ratio of 16∶1, the ball milling time of 2 h, and the surfactant content of 30%.
  • Preparation of highly filled boron carbide/polyvinyl alcohol fibers and study of neutron protection properties
    WANG Rui, ZHANG Quanping, MAI Fuhan, MENG Lingcheng, HU Dengchao, LI Jiale, LI Yintao, ZHOU Yuanlin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(2): 2230-2236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.02.029
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    In this paper, a large number of hydrogen bonds were constructed between B4C particles and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix by means of surface modification to enhance the interaction between the two phases, and highly filled B4C/PVA fibers and their fabrics were successfully prepared by wet spinning technology, which provided both neutron protection and air- and moisture-permeability. The results show that cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is uniformly coated on the surface of B4C particles and alkyl tail entanglement with OP-10, which makes the high-filled B4C particles stable in suspension in PVA spinning solution and stable in spinning process, and the B4C/PVA fibers and their textile fabrics are obtained with up to 50% filling capacity. Neutron protection and air permeability and moisture permeability of textile fabrics need to be provided 50% wt% B4C-CTAB-OP-10/PVA fabrics with a single-layer neutron shielding rate of 49.43%. The present work provides a new solution for wearing comfort and radiation protection safety of the products.
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