30 January 2024, Volume 55 Issue 1
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2023)
  • Solar-driven high efficiency air water harvesting study of covalent organic framework
    WANG Yuxuan, FU Jingchao, CHEN Wen, LIU Yueli
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1001-1009. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Capturing water from air is an effective method to solve the current fresh water shortage crisis because of its low construction cost, ease of use and flexibility, as well as the abundance of fresh water resources in the atmosphere. The sorption-absorption method of AWH is the most promising method with stable efficiency and green features. Insufficient water sorption capacity and high desorption temperature of hygroscopic materials are the core problems which limit the wide application of air extraction technology. Covalent organic framework is a new porous crystalline material with large specific surface area and permanent porosity, which is achieved wide attention in the field of gas sorption and storage. The β-ketoenamine COFs:TpPa-1 with high crystallinity and good water stability are prepared by the solvothermal method. The specific surface area of TpPa-1 is 502 m2/g, and the pore size is distributed at 1.26 nm, which makes TpPa-1 have excellent water adsorption ability at low relative humidity. TpPa-1 exhibits an S-shaped sorption isotherm with a steep increase in water sorption capacity from 0.08 g/g to 0.27 g/g under 20%-30% RH. In the sorption kinetics test, TpPa-1 reaches the sorption equilibrium within 2 h at 15 ℃ and 30% RH. Meanwhile, TpPa-1 has a low desorption temperature and may reach 91% desorption efficiency under a standard sunlight (AM 1.5 G), indicating that TpPa-1 may fully drive the desorption process by sunlight irradiation without any energy input. Especially, TpPa-1 exhibits excellent cycling stability after 10 sorption-desorption cycles (1 400 min) under humid conditions (60% RH), and the water absorption rate only decreases by 1.48%. A simple AWH device is designed filling with TpPa-1, and AWH tests are conducted under simulated laboratory conditions. It is observed that 0.225 g/g fresh water may be collected in one cycle under 60% RH condition. This work implies that the porous TpPa-1 may provide a stable strategy for adsorption-assisted air collection with high efficiency and fast cycling.
  • Preparation and polishing performance of lanthanum cerium fluoride polishing powder
    MEI Yan, CHEN Wenjuan, CHEN Xuean
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1010-1015. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.002
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    Properties of physical and chemical for lanthanum cerium fluoride polishing powder were characterized by techniques of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. Space structures were calculated by the inorganic crystal structure database (ICSD), and wettability and polishing performance was done using contact angle measuring equipment and surface defect detector. It was found that the materials are all made up of agglomerated near-spherical particles. Below 800 ℃, the product is a mixture of cubic CeO2 and trigonal LaF3, while above 800 ℃, it is a mixture of cubic CeO2 and tetragonal LaOF. When the calcination temperature is 850 ℃, the polishing properties of the products is the best.
  • Nitrogen-doped ice jelly powder-based carbon-coated Fe3O4 and its lithium storage performance
    SUI Linxiu, YU Lixin, LUO Chengcheng, HU Dandan, SHI Jinjin, LI Li, SUN Yuheng, HU Bingbing, CAO Weiqi, YUAN Xiaoya
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1016-1024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.003
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    The carbon coating strategy is an effective way to solve the pulverization problem caused by the volume expansion/shrinkage of transition metal oxide (TMO) materials for lithium-ion battery anodes during charge and discharge. In this paper, bio-based edible ice jelly powder was used as carbon source and ferric ammonium oxalate hydrogel was used as precursor, and nitrogen-doped ice jelly powder-based carbon-coated Fe3O4 was prepared by one-step high-temperature pyrolysis. The morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, galvanostatic charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that this method can quickly and massively prepare nitrogen-doped carbon-coated Fe3O4 porous composites (N-C@Fe3O4), and excellent electrochemical performance can be obtained by adjusting the ratio of raw materials and heat treatment conditions. N-C@Fe3O4-5 as a lithium ion battery anode material has good cycle stability (762.74 mAh/g specific capacity after 80 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g) and high rate capability. Relevant mechanism studies have shown that the good rate performance of N-C@Fe3O4 composites is mainly due to the contribution of pseudocapacitive capacity. The excellent electrochemical performance of the composite is attributed to the carbon coating that prevents nanoparticle agglomeration, improves electrical conductivity, and forms a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. This work shows that ice jelly powder-based carbon-coated TMO is an effective way to improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of TMO, which can be extended and improved the lithium storage performance of other lithium-ion battery oxide anodes.
  • Preparation and characterization of betaine-type gelatin hydrogels with high light transmittance
    ZHAO Liqin, JIA Jinyi, XU Hui, ZHANG Xiumei, PENG Xiuzhi, WEI Yan, HUANG Di
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1025-1030. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.004
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    Due to the poor light transmission, anti-protein adsorption capacity and flexibility, methacryloylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel is limited in artificial cornea. This paper aims to introduce methacryloxyethyl sulfobetaine (SBMA) with excellent bioadsorption resistance and outstanding biocompatibility to GelMA hydrogel, and construct a series of zwitterionic hydrogel GelMA-SBMA system. The physicochemical and biological properties of hydrogels are discussed, and the vitro cell experiments are conducted to discuss the effects of composite hydrogels on cell growth and proliferation. The results show that GelMA-SBMA hydrogel in ratio of 5:1, at a wavelength of 700 nm, presents a light transmittance of 94%. The good anti-protein adsorption ability is reflected by the contact angle with fibrin above 90°. The vitro cell experiments show that SBMA is more conducive to cell growth and proliferation with good biocompatibility.
  • Performance of waterborne epoxy resin-polypropylene fiber modified cement-based quick repair mortar
    TIAN Yaogang, LU Tao, ZHAO Cheng, JIANG Jing, JI Kuo, WANG Zhenjun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1031-1037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.005
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    In order to improve the shortcomings of airport pavement repair mortar, such as high brittleness and poor bonding performance, a kind of quick mortar was prepared by using waterborne epoxy resin (WER), polypropylene (PP) fiber and sulfoaluminate cement (SAC), and its working performance, mechanical properties, damping properties and sulfate corrosion resistance were studied. The results show that PP fiber and WER can significantly improve the toughness and bonding properties of the quick repair mortar, making the 2 h compressive and folding strength and bonding strength of the quick repair mortar reach 22.3, 5.1 and 3.7 MPa respectively, meeting the requirements of civil airport specifications, and improving the damping performance and sulfate erosion resistance of the quick repair mortar.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress on elastomer damping materials
    CHEN Zhi, YIN Dexian, HU Shikai, ZHAO Xiuying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1038-1047. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.006
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    Elastomer damping materials have unique dynamic viscoelastic behavior and are widely used in many fields such as vibration damping and noise reduction. In practical applications, elastomer damping materials often face the problems of narrow effective damping temperature range and low loss factor. Widening the effective damping temperature range and increasing the loss factor are the main directions for the development of high performance elastomer damping materials. Based on the damping mechanism of elastomer damping materials, this paper expounds the influence of molecular structure, operating temperature and vibration frequency, and elastomer composition system on the damping performance of elastomer damping materials. The modification methods of elastomer damping materials and the latest research progress in recent years are also introduced.
  • Recent progress of preparation and properties of graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites
    ZHENG Shufang, WANG Yuyin, ZHANG Zekai, JIN Yuling
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1048-1059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.007
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    In recent years, graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites have attracted much attention due to their superior comprehensive properties. Incorporating graphene or its derivatives into PU matrix could significantly improve the physical mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic and other properties, which meets the special requirements of high-performance and multi-functional polymer composites. In this paper, the functional modification methods of graphene nanosheets, including covalent modification and non-covalent modification were first introduced. Furthermore, the fabrication processes of graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites, including in-situ polymerization, solution blending, melt blending, aqueous (latex) blending, etc., were briefly introduced. The recent research progress of graphene/polyurethane composites in mechanical, electrical, dielectric, thermal, gas barrier, flame retardant, electromagnetic interference shielding and corrosion resistant properties were all reviewed in detail. The future challenges and development prospects of high-performance graphene/polyurethane nanocomposites were also prospected.
  • The progress of noble metal catalysts for low-temperature catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide
    DAI Xin, REN Dezhi, GUO Lyu, ZHU Jingfang, YU Fei, CHANG Shiying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1060-1067. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.008
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    With the continuous implementation of the “double carbon” policy and the continuous improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, carbon monoxide (CO), as a typical air pollutant, has become the main control object of industrial and automobile exhaust emissions. Noble metal catalysts for CO oxidation are one of the most effective means for CO catalytic oxidation treatment due to their excellent low-temperature activity, anti poisoning and anti-corrosion properties. Based on the research status of noble metal type CO oxidation catalysts, this paper focuses on the noble metal regulation technology and carrier controllable technology of Pt, Pd, Au, Ag and Rh noble metal catalysts, summarizes the performance optimization ways and development directions of noble metal type CO oxidation catalysts, and provides guidance for the development of better performance CO oxidation catalysts.
  • Research progress of superhydrophobic surfaces in the field of anti/procoagulant
    GUAN Xiaoya, WU Bing, PENG Yi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1068-1076. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.009
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    In recent years, with the research on the application of superhydrophobic materials in condensation heat transfer, oil-water separation, deicing and anti-fogging, surface corrosion prevention, pipeline resistance reduction and other aspects gradually becoming mature. The application prospect of superhydrophobic materials in the biomedical field has also attracted the attention of scholars. Coagulation thrombus and hemorrhagic shock caused by massive hemorrhage when medical equipment contacts with blood will pose great threat to the life safety of patients. In order to effectively solve that problems of thrombus occurrence and massive blood loss, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of research. Due to the special surface wettability and lower surface free energy of the super-hydrophobic material, the platelet adhesion amount on the surface of the material can be significantly reduced. The combination of the super-hydrophobic material and hydrophilic material can reduce the bleeding amount and the possibility of secondary laceration bleeding of a wound on the premise of hemostasis. Meanwhile, the research shows that the super-hydrophobic material also has good antibacterial property. Therefore, the research on superhydrophobic materials has become a hot spot and direction in this field. Based on this, this paper first introduces the basic theory of superhydrophobic surfaces, mainly including the Young wetting model, Wenzel wetting model and Cassie-Baxter wetting model, then the mechanism of superhydrophobic materials in the process of anti-coagulation and pro-coagulation is expounded in detail. The current research status of superhydrophobic materials in the field of blood contact is discussed, and the main problems in the application of superhydrophobic materials in this field are pointed out. Finally, the future development of superhydrophobic materials is prospected.
  • Synthesis of g-C3N4 based S-type heterojunction and its photocatalytic property
    SHEN Jianyu, LIU Chengbao, ZHENG Leizhi, CHEN Feng, QIAN Junchao, QIU Yongbin, MENG Xianrong, CHEN Zhigang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1077-1085. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.010
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    Semiconductor-based photocatalytic technology was selected as a "green" sustainable solution for environmental remediation and energy storage with solar energy. In this paper, the advantages and limitations of g-C3N4, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of S-type semiconductors are first introduced, then the electronic structure and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4-based S-type heterojunction photocatalytic materials are introduced. Then the strategies with which to improve the photocatalytic performance of S-type heterojunction photocatalytic materials based on different types of g-C3N4 are reviewed, and some of their applications are reviewed. Finally, this review gives the challenges and future development trends of S-heterojunction based on g-C3N4, which is expected to provide important references for the development and practical application of g-C3N4-based S-heterojunction photocatalytic materials.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on the performance of urea doped CH3NH3PbI3 thin film and its perovskite solar cells
    GUO Xiaojie, DU Liyong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1086-1091. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.011
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    A perovskite solar cell absorbing layer CH3NH3PbI3 thin film was prepared using a one-step spin coating method. Urea was added during the preparation of the absorbing layer, and the effect of urea doping on the phase structure and microstructure of CH3NH3PbI3 thin films was studied, as well as on the photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells assembled. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, PL and J-V curves. The results showed that the addition of appropriate amount of urea increased the crystallinity of CH3NH3PbI3 film, improved its orientation and coverage, and reduced the number of pores and cracks. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the grain size of the film was the most uniform and the crystallization performance was the best. All CH3NH3PbI3 thin films have absorption edges around 780 nm and a bandgap width of 1.5 eV. The addition of appropriate amount of urea improved the absorbance and emission peak intensity of CH3NH3PbI3 film. With the increase of urea doping amount, the absorbance and emission peak intensity of CH3NH3PbI3 film first increased and then decreased. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the absorption property of CH3NH3PbI3 film was the best, and the emission peak intensity was the highest. 30 perovskite solar cells were assembled using CH3NH3PbI3 thin films with different levels of urea doping, and the J-V curves were tested. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the cell had the best photoelectric performance, and its solar-cell efficiency reached the maximum of 20.61%. The above analysis shows that the optimal doping amount of urea is 10 mol%.
  • Study on the preparation and thermal insulation properties of cellulose composite aerogel
    GONG Ling, AN Xinyu, KONG Miaomiao, LIU Chang, LI Xu, LIU Zhiming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1092-1097. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.012
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    In this paper, a green carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC)/gelatin (GL)-glutaraldehyde (GA) composite aerogel (CL-A) was prepared by using the principle of chemical cross-linking and freeze-drying technology. The effects of different proportions of carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), gelatin (GL) and different contents of glutaraldehyde (GA) on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical strength and thermal insulation and thermal insulation properties of the aerogel were investigated. The experimental results obtained after trying different raw material ratios showed that the compression modulus of the composite aerogel (C1L2-A15) with the ratio of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to gelatin (GL) of 1:2 and the addition of glutaraldehyde (GA) of 15% is the highest of 3.03 Mpa, which is 7 times higher than that of pure sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aerogel, and the mechanical properties have been enhanced effectively. The thermal conductivity of composite aerogel (C1L2-A15) is the lowest, which is as low as 0.022 W/(m·k) with a better heat preservation effect. At the same time, the composite aerogel (C1L2-A15) has a denser porous three-dimensional network, which improves the morphology of the composite aerogel to a certain degree. Lastly, the composite aerogel (C1L2-A15) has up to 37% residual carbon, which improves the thermal stability to some extent. In summary, the compression modulus, microstructure, thermal stability, and thermal insulation properties of the composite aerogel (C1L2-A15) after the addition of gelatin (GL) and glutaraldehyde (GA) are improved.
  • Effect of DyF3 on temperature stability and corrosion resistance of sandwich structure hot-deformed NdFeB magnets
    HUANG Yiping, JU Jinyun, CHEN Renjie, SONG Tingting
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1098-1102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.013
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    In order to improve the temperature stability and corrosion resistance of hot-deformed NdFeB magnets, a sandwich structure magnet with DyF3 additives was designed. By adding different contents of DyF3 powders to the upper and lower near-ends of the magnet, the phase composition, structure and composition of the grain boundary phase in the upper and lower near-ends of the magnet were regulated, and the corrosion resistance of the magnet was improved. On the other hand, Dy element partially diffused into the main phase, forming (Nd,Dy)2Fe14B phase to improve the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the magnet and optimize the temperature stability. The magnetic properties of the sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet were measured by PFM, and the coercivity up to 2.16T was obtained. The polarization curve of the sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet was measured by an electrochemical workstation. The corrosion current rate was one order magnitude smaller than that of the substrate. For the sandwich structure magnet, the near-ends with 5wt% DyF3 addition showed a much smaller weight loss per unit surface area (0.061mg/cm2) compared with the matrix surface (1.172 mg/cm2) after a 168-hour PCT test. The microstructure analysis showed that NdF3 and Dy2O3 compounds were formed by Nd-rich phase and F, O and Dy elements, respectively. XRD analysis showed that the texture of sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet was deteriorated after DyF3 addition. This study provides a new way to improve the temperature stability and corrosion resistance of hot-deformed NdFeB magnet.
  • Luminescence and energy transfer of Ce3+-Tb3+ co doped yellow phosphorus slag glass-ceramics
    WU Weiqiang, LI Wenbin, HUANG Xiaofeng, LONG Yuxin, DENG Kaifeng, WANG Yu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1103-1110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.014
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    Using yellow phosphorus slag as raw material, Ce3+-Tb3+ co doped yellow phosphorus slag luminescent glass-ceramics were prepared by high-temperature melting method. The effects of different Tb3+ doping amounts on the precipitated crystal phase, luminescence performance, and sample chromaticity of the glass-ceramics were investigated through differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), steady-state/transient fluorescence (FLS), CIE chromaticity, etc. The results show that with the introduction of Ce3+ and Tb3+, the main crystal phase of the microcrystalline glass is wollastonite. Under excitation at 310 nm, as the doping amount of Tb3+ increases, the characteristic emission peak of Ce3+ at 380 nm decreases, and the characteristic emission peak of Tb3+ at 543 nm increases. This confirms the existence of energy transfer between Ce3+ and Tb3+, with an energy transfer efficiency of 24.55%. In addition, by adjusting the Tb3+ doping amount, the luminescence color of the microcrystalline glass can be adjusted from blue light to green light, thereby achieving controllable luminescence color.
  • Study on mechanical/electrical properties of cement mortar modified by graphene oxide/thermal reduction graphene oxide
    CAO Weiqi, WEI Zhiqiang, LIU Chuan, ZHANG Kunnian, YUAN Xiaoya
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1111-1116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.015
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    In this paper, the dispersion mechanism of thermal reduction graphene oxide (TRGO) and graphene oxide (GO) in cement mortar environment was studied, and the effect of single and multiple mixing of these two conductive phases on the mechanical/electrical properties of mortar was explored. The results show that GO can promote the dispersion of TRGO in calcium-rich and high-alkali environment, and the optimal dispersion mass ratio is 3:10 wt%. Compared with TRGO mixed alone, the compound mixing of GO promotes the formation of sheet structure and interweaving of mortar hydration products, which significantly improves mechanical properties. When GO:TRGO=0.3:1.0 wt%, the flexural and compressive strength of 28 d cements increases by 21.34% and 34.52% compared with single mixed TRGO, but the mechanical properties decrease with the increase of mixing amount. The electrical conductivity of cement mortar increases with the increase of GO and TRGO conductive phases. When GO:TRGO=0.12:0.4 wt%, the resistivity of the 28-day age cement shows a sudden change, indicating that the system has a percolation threshold. Under the optimal dispersion ratio, when TRGO' amount exceeds 0.7 wt%, the increasing content on the resistivity tends to be flat and lower, implying that 0.7 wt% TRGO is the threshold of adding content to the resistivity.
  • Photochromic and light intensity modulation properties of Ca2SnO4:Eu3+ ceramics
    CHEN Hao, XI Zengzhe, GUO Feifei, LONG Wei, ZHANG Xiaoli, FANG Pinyang, LI Xiaojuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1117-1123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.016
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    The development of photochromic materials with good response to optical radiation and high stability is a major goal in the research of inorganic photochromic materials. In this study, rare earth ion Eu3+ doped photochromic ceramics Ca2.02-xSnO4:xEu3+ were prepared by high temperature solid phase reaction method. The photochromic properties of ceramics were investigated, finding that the best coloring effect was achieved under 290 nm light, and the ceramics changed from white to gray. The color of the colored ceramics basically recovered after 8 min of 440 nm light, or the gray color completely disappeared after heating the colored ceramics to 623 K. Photoluminescence properties show that 395 nm, 466 nm and 534 nm can excite red light emission dominated by 617 nm. The light intensity modulation properties of the ceramics were investigated, finding that 290 nm light irradiation could significantly reduce the intensity of the emission spectra of the ceramics, and there is a maximum coloring light intensity modulation rate of 86.9% at 617 nm. After ten cycles of coloring-bleaching experiments, the ceramic modulation properties remained stable and showed good reversibility. The photochromic behavior and light intensity modulation behavior of this ceramics show obvious characteristic UV wavelength response and UV light radiation accumulation response characteristics, indicating that this material is expected to be applied in the field of optical radiation dose detection.
  • Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of FeCo/rGo nanocomposites grown in situ
    LU Lu, ZHOU Jintang, PENG Guiyu, YAO Junru
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1124-1129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.017
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    The development of high-performance absorbing materials is an effective means to solve the problem of electromagnetic pollution and realize the radar stealth of military equipment. Based on the chemical in situ growth strategy, FeCo/rGo composites were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with metal ions Fe2+ and Co2+ as raw materials. The morphology, structure and wave absorption properties of FeCo/rGo composites were tested and analyzed. The results show that when the recombination ratio of FeCo and graphene oxide is 1:0.5 and the thickness is 1.9 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 5.5 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss reaches -54.14 dB. When the composite ratio is 1:1, the absorption performance of 1.3 mm and 4.5 GHz effective absorption bandwidth is achieved, which indicates that FeCo/rGo magnetic material is expected to become a kind of electromagnetic wave absorption material with great application value.
  • Upconversion luminescence of NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ in rod-like structures
    LI Xin, LI Yufeng, ZHANG Dongliang, WANG Mitang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1130-1140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.018
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    The rod-shaped structure of NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanopowders was created by hydrothermal method using disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA-2Na) as chelating agent. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectrometry (PL), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crystal structure, luminescence intensity, and surface morphology of NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ were investigated and quantified. Herein, on the converted luminescence intensity on NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanopowders, the impacts of experimental conditions of rare earth precursors, hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time were made an effective inquiry. Fluorine and sodium sources’ effects on NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ crystal shape and upconversion luminescence intensity were investigated. Meanwhile, the effects on the morphology and luminescence intensity of the samples were further investigated using the calcination procedure. The results of the experiment indicate that the most optimal luminescence intensity of NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+ is obtained from a rod structure that using NH4F and NaOH as fluorine and sodium sources respectively and undergone calcination at 200 ℃ for 1 hour. As a result, the green luminescence purity, measured through the Commission Internationale de Ieclairage (CIE), was significantly improved from 84% to 94.88%.
  • Constructing NH2-UiO-66/PyPD-COF heterojunction to promote efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production
    WU Haiyang, ZHANG Nanqi, MOU Di, HE Xuan, DU Xing, WANG Daheng, FANG Wei, CHEN Hui, LI Weixin, ZHAO Lei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1141-1150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.019
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    Organic framework compounds have great application potential in photocatalytic water hydrogen production due to the advantages of controllable molecular structure, large specific surface area, high porosity, dispersed chemical active sites and good stability. In this paper, the metal-organic framework NH2-UiO-66 was introduced into the synthesis process of the covalent organic framework PyPD-COF by solvothermal method, and NH2-UiO-66/PyPD-COF heterojunction was formed in situ. The samples were characterized by TEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, UV-Vis and photocurrent analysis, as well as photocatalytic performance test. The constructed NH2-UiO-66/PyPD-COF heterojunction could not only retain the excellent properties of the original MOF and COF components, but also form bonds at the heterogeneous interface. It is beneficial to promote interfacial charge transfer, reduce electron-hole recombination rate, and increase photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency to 20.68 mmol/(h·g), which is 86 times and 3 times of the original NH2-UiO-66 and PyPD-COF, respectively. At the same time, the covalent bond at the interface makes the composite sample have good hydrogen production stability, which provides a new strategy for the construction of efficient photocatalytic decomposition of aquatic hydrogen heterojunction photocatalysts.
  • Self-healing study of carbon nanotube-carbon fiber asphalt mixture under conductive action
    LUAN Liqiang, REN Junying, YU Hede, WEN Shuangshou, JIANG Yongsheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1151-1157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.020
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    To address the issue of crack propagation problem caused by vehicle loading, temperature loading, etc. of asphalt pavement, the electrically conductive asphalt mixtures was prepared with carbon nanotubes-carbon fibers. The resistivity values, fracture energy, ultimate load bearing capacity and microstructure of asphalt mixtures before and after the healing of cracks were analyzed, and the self-healing level of the carbon nanotubes-carbon fiber asphalt mixtures under conductive action was studied. The results show that carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the self-healing ability of asphalt mixtures at 0.5% and 1.0% of carbon nanotube content. The self-healing level of conductive asphalt mixtures has a Sine function relationship with the resistivity ratio before and after the healing process. The ultimate load carrying capacity and fracture strain of the trabecular specimens can be maximally recovered at 50 ℃ for 20 min.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and performance study of fly ash modified solid waste cementitious powder
    FANG Mingwei, LI Rongjie, WANG Dan, ZHOU Fengtao, WEN Yang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1158-1164. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.021
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    Two types of solid waste, carbide slag and fly ash, were used as the main raw materials to prepare solid waste cementitious powders with different fly ash dosages.The influence of fly ash doping ratio on the hydration process,microstructure, failure morphology, and mechanical properties of cementitious powder was studied.The results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of fly ash accelerated the consumption of cement clinker and increased the hydration reaction rate of the cementitious powder. At the age of 28 d, when the content of fly ash was 30wt%, the number of pores in the cementitious powder was the least and the structural density was the highest.The failure morphology of the cementitious powder during the stress process was similar, and the cracks were strip cracks from top to bottom, and there was a collapse phenomenon in the upper part.As the doping amount of fly ash increased, the setting time of the cementitious powder gradually increased, the fluidity and chemically bound water content continue to decreased, and the compressive strength and maximum stress changes first increased and then decreased.At the age of 28 d, when the doping amount of fly ash was 30wt%, the maximum compressive strength of the cementitious powder was 14.85 MPa, and the maximum stress at the same strain was 15.70 MPa.Analysis shows that the optimal doping amount of fly ash is 30wt%.
  • Preparation and microwave absorbing properties of nickel/carbon derived from kapok fiber composites
    DENG Jing, GENG Haoran, CHEN Jingru, HUANG Le, ZHAO Pengfei, CHEN Yongping, LIAO Jianhe, ZHAO Qingyun, ZHAO Yanfang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1165-1171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.022
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    Recently, biomass carbon has been widely used in the field of microwave absorption due to its low cost, easy preparation, excellent physical and chemical properties, and porous structure. However, its microwave absorption performance is still limited by poor impedance caused by high conductivity. Here, nickel (Ni) is used to modify kapok fibers, and then the nickel/carbon derived form kapok fiber (Ni/C) composites are obtained at different carbonization temperatures. The scanning electron microscopy results indicate that the size of Ni particles increases, and more defect structures appear on the surface of kapok fibers with the increase of carbonization temperature. The XRD and XPS results confirmed the successful combination of Ni and carbon derived from kapok fiber. The Raman results indicate that the increase in carbonization temperature results in more graphite structures, enriching the conductive loss ability of the composites. Finally, we mixed the composite with paraffin at an ultra-low filling ratio of 5:95, and the Ni/C-800 showed a reflection loss value of -52.6 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.32 GHz. The excellent absorption performance of composites depends on the synergistic effect of attenuation ability and impedance matching, the combined effect of dielectric and magnetic losses, and the enhancement of multiple scattering ability caused by large specific surface area and hollow porous structure.
  • Study on a novelpoly(ionic liquid)/poly(ethylene oxide) solid electrolyte for stable high-performance lithium metal battery
    XU Zujing, ZHAO Xiangfeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1172-1178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.023
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    Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have received increasing attention due to their unique safety properties. In this paper, a novel SPE (PIL@PEO SPE) was prepared by introducing poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the matrix. By interspersing PIL in PEO chain segments, the crystallinity of PEO was effectively reduced, and the ionic conductivity of SPE was improved (6.63×10-4 S/cm). The solid-state battery prepared showed a high first discharge capacity of 147.6 mAh/g for Li/LiFePO4 cells at 0.5C, 60 ℃, and the capacity retention remained above 90% after up to 300 turns of charge/discharge cycles.
  • Effect of seawater and salt-rich air on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3 and Ni-BaTiO3 MLCC
    LIANG Bo, ZHANG Yunfei, ZHANG Mengya, WAN Qitong, HUANG Qiwei, BING Lina, SHENG Zhenjiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1179-1186. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.024
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    BaTiO3 ceramic and 82 nF Ni-BaTiO3 MLCC were placed in seawater and salt-rich air. Impedance analyzer, SEM and EDS were used to investigate the properties and corrosion mechanism of BaTiO3 ceramic and 82 nF MLCC after treatment for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The results show that when BaTiO3 ceramic is placed in seawater, the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss of BaTiO3 ceramic increase at different low frequencies (102-103 Hz), and the increase amplitude is huge. Obvious protective film is generated on the surface of the ceramic in 24 h. The variation range of dielectric properties within 72 h is small, and there is no obvious protective film on the surface, but there are certain corrosion traces. The high frequency (105-106 Hz) capacitance value and dielectric loss of 82 nF MLCC placed in seawater and salt-rich air for 72 h changes significantly, which is caused by salt immersion in the internal crystallization, but there is also no protective film on its surface, which may be related to the oxide coating on the capacitor surface.
  • Preparation and properties of pH responsive cellulose gel antibacterial membrane
    JIN Luyao, LI Huimin, SU Jing, WANG Hongbo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1187-1192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.025
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    Using carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and polyethylene glycol as raw materials, a porous network structure was formed through cross-linking and gel, and a pH responsive gel membrane was prepared. The sample obtained antibacterial properties by soaked in tannic acid solution, and the microstructure, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial properties of the antibacterial membrane were characterized. The results show that the prepared antibacterial membrane has a good porous structure. The carboxyl group on carboxymethyl cellulose sodium endows the antibacterial membrane with certain pH responsiveness, which makes it exhibit anisotropic swelling and drug release in vitro at different pH values. After drug loading, the antioxidant capacity of the sample increases to 91.33%, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaches more than 90%. This antibacterial film has great application prospects in drug sustained-release dressings and other fields.
  • Research of photocatalytic performance of UiO-66-X/ZnIn2S4 (X=H, NH2, (OH)2, Br) supported catalysts modified with different ligands
    LI Jiaxin, WANG Jinqiao, AN Jiajun, WANG Lei, WANG Xudong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1193-1202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.026
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    UiO-66-X/ZnIn2S4 (X=H, NH2, (OH)2, Br) supported photocatalysts modified with different ligands were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the samples were characterized by Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, UV-visible diffuse reflection spectrometer, photoluminescence spectrometer and electrochemical work station. The effects of different ligand modification schemes on the photocatalytic performance of UiO-66-X/ZnIn2S4 were analyzed. Using Rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) solutions as target pollutants, the effects of electronic effects of different modification groups on the adsorption and photocatalytic properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the modified ZU-(OH)2/GF had the best adsorption efficiency for cationic dye RhB, and the adsorption efficiency was 46.8% at 30 min. On the other hand, the adsorption performance of all modified composites for anionic dye MO was lower than that of unmodified composites. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic performance of all the composites modified by ligands was significantly improved, and the degradation rate of RhB by ZU-(OH)2/GF was as high as 99.0% after 150 min. After five consecutive cycles, the removal rate of RhB remained above 98%. This can be attributed to the fact that the ligand modification can effectively enhance the light absorption properties of the composites, and the electron donor groups can also increase the electron cloud density in the active center of the composites, effectively promoting the separation and transfer of photogenerated electron-holes.
  • Preparation of N-CDs@Nb2O5-AMMC nanomaterial and study of visible light photocatalytic property
    LI Minghui, GU Eryan, ZOU Xingyu, SONG Wulin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1203-1211. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.027
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    In this paper, N-CDs and N-CDs-X@Nb2O5-AMMC nanomaterials modified with different contents of N-CDs have been successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. N-CDs-X@Nb2O5-AMMC was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XPS, UV-vis DRS and so on, and the results indicate that the band gap of Nb2O5-AMMC is narrowed after N-CDs modification, and the absorption band edge of the sample shows redshift and wider light absorption range, which is conducive to improving the photocatalytic performance. In addition, N-CDs reduces the resistance of electron transport, which is conducive to the transfer of photogenerated electrons to the N-CDs structure. At the same time, the migration and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers are improved, which is conducive to the photocatalytic reaction. Compared with pure Nb2O5-AMMC, N-CDs-X@Nb2O5-AMMC has improved photocatalytic degradation performance of TC-HCl under visible light, in which N-CDs-1@Nb2O5-AMMC has the highest degradation efficiency. The degradation rate of N-CDs-1@Nb2O5-AMMC for TC-HCl reaches 63.2% within 1h, which is 1.59 times of pure Nb2O5-AMMC.
  • Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes toughened Al-Mg alloy composite materials
    YAN Liqin, HUANG Yong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1212-1216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.028
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    Carbon nanotubes were selected as the reinforcing phase and a carbon nanotube toughened Al-Mg alloy composite material was prepared by stirring casting method. The effects of the amount of carbon nanotubes added on the mechanical properties, microstructure and toughness of the composite materials were studied, and the toughening mechanism of carbon nanotubes on Al-Mg alloy was explored. The results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes refined the grain size of the Al-Mg alloy composite material, with a grain size of approximately 80 μm. When the addition amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.8 wt%, the fracture morphology of the composite material was the most uniform. As the amount of carbon nanotubes added increased, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness of the composite material showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the addition amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.8 wt%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness all reach their maximum values, which were 208.6 MPa, 15.8% and 53.1 HB, respectively. The addition of appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes significantly improves the toughness of Al-Mg alloy, gradually increasing the fracture elongation, prolonging the yield stage, and improving the toughness. This is because an appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes can bind well with the alloy and penetrate the cracks of the alloy, exerting a bridging effect and hindering the initiation and propagation of cracks, thereby improving the toughness of Al-Mg alloy composites, delaying the failure process of the alloy, and extending the yield stage of the alloy. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the optimal addition amount of carbon nanotubes is 0.8 wt%.
  • Low-temperature preparation of ZnO/TiO2 core-shell nanostructures and their optoelectronic properties
    LI Lihua, WANG He, WANG Hang, HUANG Jinliang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1217-1222. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.029
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    ZnO is limited in its application due to its own high charge complex and active chemical nature. Compounding by surface modification can realize electron-hole separation and improve its chemical stability. In this paper, ZnO/TiO2 single heterojunctions were prepared by combining sol-gel, hydrothermal and liquid phase deposition with zinc acetate dihydrate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, and ammonium hexafluorotitanate as raw materials under low temperature conditions. XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and PL were used to characterize the samples and test their optoelectronic properties. The results show that the morphology of ZnO/TiO2 core-shell structure is the most regular at the deposition time of 20 min, in which the diameter of ZnO is about 115 nm, and the thickness of TiO2 film is about 7.6 nm. The loading of TiO2, which reduces the photogenerated charge complex in the electrode and improves the collection of photons by ZnO, and the photocurrent density is enhanced by about 10 times to reach 0.21 μA/cm2, which exhibiting excellent photoelectrochemical performance.
  • Preparation and performance characterization of carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite electrodes
    LIU Qichao, CAO Yang, ZHANG Huifang, GU Ning, LIU Zixuan, BIAN Yuehao, LIU Zemin, SUN Youyi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1223-1228. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.030
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    In this paper, a flexible carbon cloth was used as the fluid collector of the composite electrode, and the high-conductivity carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were embedded into the polyvinylidiene fluoride (PVDF) binder by electrostatic flocking to obtain a composite structure with a larger electrochemically active surface area. Then, polyaniline (PANI) with pseudocapacitance characteristics was plated on the surface of CNTs by electrochemical deposition, and a binary composite electrode with carbon nanotubes/polyaniline (CNTs/ PANI) was obtained. The structure of the electrode material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flexible solid-state supercapacitor (SSC) with symmetrical structure was assembled with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte containing sulfuric acid, and its electrical performance was tested by electrochemical workstation. The results show that the SSC has a specific capacity of 517 mF/cm2 at a current of 1 mA/cm2. After 2500 cycles, it has a capacity retention rate of 79.8% and a Coulomb efficiency of more than 97%. The study shows that electrostatic flocking technology can be used as an effective way to prepare high performance electrode materials.
  • Effect of alumina particle size on thermal conductivity of phenolic resin
    XU Zhen, QIU Kangwen, HU Lin, BAI Liuyang, OUYANG Yuge
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2024, 55(1): 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2024.01.031
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    Polymer materials such as epoxy and phenolic resin are widely used in the field of thermal management materials because of their good electrical insulation properties, chemical stability and easy processing properties. However, the low inherent thermal conductivity of polymer materials limits their wide application. In this work, multi-scale spherical Al2O3 particles were introducedinto phenolic resin (PF) matrix to improve its heat transfer performance. We focused on the study of the influence of Al2O3 particle size and Al2O3 loading on thermal conductivity and thermal stability of PF composites. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/PF composite is up to 1.611 W/(m·K) at the total fillers loading is 75 wt% (the weight ratio of Al2O3 particles with large and small sizes is 1:1), which is nearly 8 times higher than that of pure PF. At the same time, the thermal conductivity achieved is higher than that of PF composites with only small particles or large particles added. This is attributed to the fact that when the multi-scale spherical Al2O3 particle hybridized, the Al2O3 particles with small particle size filled the gaps between the Al2O3 particles with large particle size, constructing more heat transfer pathways in the matrix. The TG results show that the thermal stability of PF composites with Al2O3 fillers is improved, and the maximum decomposition temperature of Al2O3/PF composites is increased from 517 ℃ to 543 ℃. Therefore, our work provides a new idea for the preparation of high-performance polymer composites.
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