30 September 2023, Volume 54 Issue 9
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
  • Preparation of corrosion resistant nickel-based materials and study on the performance for seawater electrolysis
    GUAN Yafeng, ZHU Shengli, LI Zhaoyang, JIANG Hui, XU Wence, LIANG Yanqin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9001-9006. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Developing high-efficiency catalysts to inhibit the competitive reaction of chlorine evolution and corrosion is essential for electrolytic seawater. In this paper, a high performance and corrosion resistant NiFe-LDH@MnO2/NF catalyst for seawater electrolysis was prepared rapidly on a nickel foam by two steps (laser scanning method and immersion replacement method). The NiFe-LDH of catalyst improves the activity of catalytic reaction, and the MnO2 layer prevents the catalyst from being eroded by chlorine. The synergism effect of two aspects makes the catalyst exhibit excellent oxygen evolution performance in alkaline brine medium. The overpotential of the NiFe-LDH@MnO2/NF catalyst is only 270 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm2, and 360 mV at the high current density of 100 mA/cm2, along with stable oxygen evolution reaction for 100 h at the current density of 10 mA/cm2. This provides theoretical guidance for the preparation of industrial electrolytic seawater catalyst to produce hydrogen.
  • Research status of field emission properties of diamond thin films
    WANG Yang, ZHANG Jinwen
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9007-9016. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.002
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    With the advantages of negative electron affinity energy, high thermal conductivity and extreme chemical inertness, diamond thin films have attracted much attention as field emission materials. This paper reviewed the classification of diamond films, introduced the negative electron affinity properties of hydrogenated diamond films, analyzed the factors affecting the field emission characteristics of diamond films, listed the optimization direction of field emission characteristics, and summarized the performance of field emission cathode obtained by diamond films combined with other materials reported in the literature. It is of great significance to analyze and improve field emission performance of diamond thin film devices.
  • Investigations of temperature memory effect of NiTiNb alloy
    LI Qiuzhen, XIE Jinjiao, JIANG Daqiang, CUI Lishan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9017-9021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.003
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    In order to study the temperature memory effect of Ni51Ti48.5Nb0.5 (at. %) alloy, the NiTiNb alloy was prepared by melting, forging, wire drawing, solution and aging treatment. The transformation behavior of the sample was characterized by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), resistance test, etc. The effect of the interrupt temperature of reverse transformation on the re-forward and re-reverse transformation was studied by DSC. The results show that the temperature memory effect was observed in NiTiNb alloy. The transformation path, the start temperature of martensitic transformation and the overheat temperature during the reverse transformation are all affected by the interrupt temperature in reverse transformation, and there exists a certain rule.
  • Preparation and application of aluminum phosphate based coatings with high emissivity and temperature resistance
    FU Qiangqiang, CHEN Zhang, GAO Yanfeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9022-9028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.004
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    Using Al(H2PO4)3 as binder, SiC and SiO2 as high emissivity filler, Al2O3 as wear-resistant filler and CrO3 as stabilizer, the coatings with high temperature resistance and emissivity were prepared. The emissivity, heat resistance, wear resistance, adhesion, impact resistance and heat dissipation of the coating were tested. The effects of particle size and content of the filler on the emissivity and mechanical properties of the coating were analyzed. The results show that the particle size of the raw material affects the porosity of the coating, and the porosity is the key to affect the emissivity and mechanical properties of the coating. Among various raw materials, the increase of SiC particle size is conducive to the increase of porosity, while the increase of SiO2 and Al2O3 particle size will increase the coating density and reduce the porosity. When the content of SiC is 16.7%, the content of SiO2 is 1.7%, and the content of Al2O3 is 3.3%, the average emissivity of wavelength 3-14 μm is greater than 0.9, the wear resistance reaches 3.8 L/μm, the adhesion level is 0, the impact resistance is 35 cm, and the coating sample has no cracking and does not fall off after being held at 500 ℃ for 6 h. At the same time, its heat dissipation capacity reaches 2 times of the base material.
  • Structure and carrier transport of flexible blend films consisting of a benzothiadiazole-based semiconducting polymer and an elastomer polymer
    FEI Yuming, ZHOU Han, AI Zhiqiang, ZHANG Fapei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9029-9037. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.005
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    The blend films are prepared by spin-coating the solution of a benzothiadiazole-based semiconducting polymer PffBT4T-2DT mixed with the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have then been constructed via a contact lamination transfer process to evaluate electrical performance of these blend films under strain. It reveals a vertically phase-separated structure in the PffBT4T-2DT/PDMS blend films, in which PffBT4T-2DT is enriched mainly in the lower layer of the film and the PDMS at the upper part. The introduction of PDMS in the blend also promotes the formation of edge-on stacking motif of the PffBT4T-2DT backbones. Notably, compared to pristine PffBT4T-2DT, the blend films exhibit significantly improved strain tolerance (stretchability), which ensures a relatively high hole mobility in OFETs even under 100% strain. The enhancement of elasticity and carrier mobility should be attributed to the PDMS matrix which effectively dissipate the energy inside the mechanically stretched film. Furthermore, the correlation between the film structure, mechanical properties and carrier transport of the blend film is clarified, based on the structural characterizations.
    • Review & Advance
  • Application of the electrospinning technology in electrode materials of solid oxide fuel cells
    ZHANG Zhipeng, JIANG Yao, ZHOU Xingyu, MA Jianjun, CHEN Weisheng, CHEN Lifeng, WU Guangwei, ZHANG Jingyu, JIANG Cairong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9038-9048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.006
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    In recent years, nanofibers have excellent properties used in fuel cell materials, which has attracted widespread attention. Electrospinning technology is a low-cost, efficient, controllable, and easy-to-operate fiber preparation method. The micromorphology of the electrode material has a significant impact on cell performance. In this paper, the influencing factors of electrospinning technology are summarized into three categories: internal parameters, process parameters and environmental parameters. The influence of these parameters on the micromorphology of materials is discussed. Furthermore, the fiber structure formed by electrospinning is summarized, with a focus on the performance obtained on different microstructures. In addition, the latest research progress on electrospinning for solid oxide fuel cell materials is summarized. Finally, the development status of composite electrode materials and their microscopic formation mechanism are particularly emphasized, providing research ideas for relevant researchers.
  • Research progress of sorption and degradation for organic pollutants by nitrogen doped biochar
    JIANG Wei, SHEN Xiaofang, CHEN Yonghong, ZHANG Xinlu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9049-9058. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.007
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    Biochar is a carbonaceous substance produced with pyrolysis and carbonization of biomass. Nitrogen doped biochar improves the performance of biochar and has a more promising application prospect in the adsorption and degradation of organic pollutants, which has attracted extensive attention of scholars. The adsorption and degradation performance of nitrogen doped biochar for organic pollutants is affected by many factors, such as the preparation conditions and properties of biochar. This paper discusses in detail the effects of biomass raw materials and doping methods on the properties of nitrogen doped biochar, reveals the influencing factors and mechanism of its adsorption and degradation properties for organic pollutants, and puts forward the future research direction of nitrogen doped biochar.
  • Research progress of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) transparent conductive films
    KONG Deru, AN Jiayu, LIU Jing, SUN Donglan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9059-9069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.008
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    Novel aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film has excellent optical properties and low cost, and is expected to replace the mature indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film. This paper mainly describes the structure and optoelectronic properties of AZO thin films, and focuses on the preparation processes and application fields of the thin films. Finally, the future industrialization of AZO thin films is projected.
  • Study of polymer and inorganic compounding methods for energy storage
    REN Sen, PANG Lixia, ZHOU Di, GUO Yan, WANG Xiaolong, FANG Zhen, YUAN Shihao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9070-9079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.009
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    The high speed development of industries such as new energy power, medical instruments, underground exploration, and high power pulses are demanding more and more dielectric capacitors. Polymer-based film capacitors are attracting attention for their high power density, high breakdown field strength, high reliability, low loss, and small size. However, the low energy density due to the low dielectric constant of the polymer itself has limited its application in high-end fields. And polymer is an effective way to enhance the energy density by compounding with other organic or inorganic materials in different ways. This paper introduces the current research status of polymer-based film capacitors compounded with inorganic materials, analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of different compounding methods, and discusses the future development prospects of polymer-based film capacitors.
  • Research on MXene-Based Composite Functional Fibers Preparation and Their Applications
    ZHANG Tianyi, SONG Baiqing, LI Xinfeng, YANG Kaili, MA Jianhua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9080-9092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.010
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    With the emergence and development of the new generation of smart portable, flexible wearable electronic devices and smart fabrics, people's requirements for the performance of functional fibers are getting higher. As a new two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene), due to its excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength and large specific surface area, it is often used as a functional component to construct macro-composites, showing great application potential in the fields of intelligent sensing, electromagnetic shielding and thermal energy conversion. In this paper, the preparation methods of MXene and its functional fibers are reviewed, and the applications of MXene-based functional fibers were expounded. Finally, the key scientific problems and challenges of MXene functional fibers were summarized, and its future development and prospects were prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on the stable evolution process ofhyperstable oxygen evolution catalyst
    XU Wenjuan, LI Chengrui, LI Hong, WANG Zhenyu, FENG Yanru, DU Cengceng, LUO Shengyin, SUN Hongbin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9093-9099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.011
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    It is a difficult problem to find a low cost oxygen evolution catalyst which can run stably under large current. To face this challenge, in this paper, we followed the displacement reaction principle to load Mn and Fe on nickel foam (NF) by a simple two-step soaking method to prepare an oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst, FeMn-NF, which has excellent performance under large current. The catalyst only needs 252 mV overpotential to reach the current density of 500 mA/cm2, and almost no performance attenuate even after stable operation of more than 1500 h, showing ultra-good catalytic stability under large current. Through the analysis of the scanning electron microscope test results of each catalyst after the long-term catalytic oxygen evolution reaction, we found that during the oxygen evolution reaction under large current, the morphology of the catalyst will obviously evolve towards the direction of more stable. Meanwhile, the active element can stably exist without loss. This evolution is conducive to the combination of the active substance on the catalyst surface with the substrate and the smooth release of the reaction product O2 bubbles, which is more conducive to the catalyst to maintain the efficient catalytic performance. The simple synthesized catalyst with low cost and excellent performance provides a new concept for the design of industrial oxygen evolution reaction catalysts.
  • Flexural properties of calcium carbonate whisker reinforced cementitious composites after exposed to elevated temperature
    CHEN Zexin, ZHOU Zongbo, YU Zhihui, ZHANG Cong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9100-9106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.012
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    The flexural properties of calcium carbonate whisker reinforced cementitious composites (CWRCC) and pure cement mortar at room temperature and after 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ elevated temperature exposure were investigated in comparison. The results indicate that the flexural strength and toughness of the specimens showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of calcium carbonate whisker volume fraction at room temperature, and the optimum volume fraction of calcium carbonate whisker was 0.5%. The effect of the elevated temperatures on the flexural strength and toughness of both CWRCC and pure cement mortar is significant. The flexural strength of each group of specimens showed a linear decrease with the increase of temperature, while the incorporation of calcium carbonate whisker increased the extent of deterioration of the flexural strength by elevated temperature. The flexural toughness of each group of specimens showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of temperature. The incorporation of calcium carbonate whisker increased the onset temperature of the decrease of the flexural toughness at elevated temperature, while it reduced the increase and increased the decrease of the flexural toughness at elevated temperature simultaneously. Compared to pure cement mortar, the incorporation of calcium carbonate whisker improved the flexural strength and toughness of specimens at the same temperature from 20 ℃ to 600 ℃, while the flexural strength and toughness of CWRCC did not differ much from those of pure cement mortar after exposed to 800 ℃.
  • Properties of multi-scale phase reinforced carbon foam composites
    HOU Linwei, SU Bingyao, ZHAO Jianwei, WANG Heng, CAO Yue, WANG Bin, HE Xinhai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9107-9112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.013
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    Carbon foam composites, reinforced by micro-nano multiscale phases, were prepared with CNTs modified phenolic resin as the carbon source, magnesium borate whiskers (Mg2B2O5w) and ZrO2 nano-particles as the reinforcement, and hollow microspheres as dispersed phase, respectively. The effects of micro-nano multiscale phases on the microstructure, mechanical properties, electromagnetic shielding and thermal oxidation properties of the carbon foams were investigated. The results demonstrated that Mg2B2O5w and ZrO2 nano-particles contributed a lot to the performance of carbon foam composites synergistically. With the increase of Mg2B2O5w doping, the mechanical properties of the composites first increased and then decreased. The compressive strength reached the maximum (15.4 MPa) with the doping amount of 6%, which was 111% higher than that of pure carbon foam. Its electromagnetic shielding performance also improved with the increase of Mg2B2O5w doping. The total electromagnetic shielding of 8% CPF was up to 51 dB at 9 GHz, which was 62% higher than that of pure carbon foam. 6%CPF showed the best high-temperature oxidation resistance. Its mass loss reduced from 25% to 15% during isothermal oxidation, at 600 ℃ for 20 min. The high-temperature oxidation resistance improved by 40%, compared to that of pure carbon foam.
  • Effect of Mg doping on the electrochemical performance of Al2O3 proton conductor
    ZHANG Fenglong, WU Ruming, RUAN Fei, BAO Jinxiao, MA Yuwei, LI Yang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9113-9122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.014
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    In order to further systematically study the electrochemical properties of Al2O3-based proton conductors, Al2-xMgxO3-δ was successfully prepared by the traditional high-temperature solid-state method at 1 873 K for 10 h. XRD and SEM test results show that Al2-xMgxO3-δ electrolytes have been successfully prepared. The grain size of all electrolytes is very uniform, and the relative density is higher than 97%. In a hydrogen-rich atmosphere of 1 173~1 373 K, the conductivity and minimum conductivity activation energy of Al2-xMgxO3-δ are 3.1×10-5-7.5×10-2 S/cm and 0.49 eV, respectively. In the hydrogen rich environment of 1 173-1 323 K, the H/D isotope effect test results show that protons participate in the conduction process as the main carriers. At the same time, the electromotive force test results show that the proton transfer number is higher than 97% in this temperature range. When the temperature is higher than 1 323 K, the electron will become the main conductive carrier to participate in the conductive process in the oxygen-rich atmosphere. In addition,, the chemical diffusion coefficient of Al2-xMgxO3-δ is 3.4×10-7-9.7×10-6 cm2/s in the range of 1 173-1 373 K. Therefore, Al2-xMgxO3-δ electrolyte can be used as a substitute for hydrogen sensor electrolyte in high-temperature electrochemical devices.
  • Manganese-magnesium hydroxide carbon based composites for catalyticozonation degradation of methylene blue
    ZHANG Ben, ZHANG Ruifeng, YANG Chuanyun, YANG Shilian
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9123-9132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.015
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    The dye wastewater has high content of chroma and organic pollutants and is difficult to biochemical degradation, so it is difficult to achieve an ideal treatment effect with conventional water treatment technology. In this paper, manganese magnesium carbon composite catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method using carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and graphene as carriers for catalytic ozonation of methylene blue wastewater. The structure of catalysts was characterized by SEM, XRD and FTIR, and the influences of catalyst dosage, ozone concentration and pH on the catalytic effect were compared. The results show that the ozonation process catalyzed by the manganese magnesium carbon composite catalyst conforms to the quasi first order reaction kinetics model, and the degradation rates of methylene blue vary with the species of the catalysts. Among them, the catalytic degradation efficiency of methylene blue is the highest with the manganese-magnesium carbon nanotube (LDH/CNT). At pH=8, when the dosage of catalyst is 0.6 g/L and the concentration of O3 is 6.7 mg/L, the decolorization rate of LDH/CNT can reach 97.45%, the COD removal rate is 74.85%, and the catalyst activity is stable. Structural characterization showed that carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide possess abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, which enhances the catalytic ability of catalysts. However, the poor binding ability of manganese-magnesium hydroxides with graphene leads to the relatively weak catalytic ability of manganese-magnesium graphene. The tert-butyl alcohol inhibition test revealed that this catalytic process follows the ·OH mechanism, and the ·OH plays a major role for the degradation of methylene blue.
  • Piezoelectric properties of cellular polypropylenepiezoelectrets used as air-coupled ultrasonic transducers
    LIU Jiawen, QIU Xunlin, BIAN Yuqing, Zhu Wujun, XIANG Yanxun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9133-9137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.016
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    In this paper, cellular PP piezoelectret films with different thicknesses were prepared by microstructure control on home-made PP foams (PQ50), and their piezoelectric and acoustic properties were compared with those of commercial cellular PP piezoelectrets (HS70) developed by VTT in Finland. The results show that the Young’s modulus of cellular PQ50 films exhibits a U-shaped dependence on the film thickness, and the Young’s modulus reaches the minimum around the thickness range of 60~65μm.The polarization of the PP piezoelectret films exhibits a threshold behavior. Above the threshold voltage, the dynamic piezoelectric d33 coefficient increases significantly with increasing poling voltage. For a poling voltage of 6kV, the d33 of PQ50 cellular film with a thickness of 60μm reaches 355pC/N, while the d33 coefficient of HS70 is 179pC/N. Within the static force range of 1~10N, the dynamic piezoelectric d33 coefficient of two kinds of PP cellular piezoelectret films first decreases and then tends to be stable. Ultrasonic transducers based on optimized PQ50 and HS70 show amplitudes of 170 and 26mV and bandwidths of 320 and 180kHz, respectively. Therefore, the home-made PQ50 film with optimized micro-structure shows better piezoelectric and acoustic properties than the commercial VTT film HS70.
  • Research on novel biomimetic electronic skin materials based on cellulose-dopaminecarboxylic acid betaine
    ZHANG Junwu, MA Hongyan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9138-9144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.017
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    Bionic skin can simulate human skin with the ability to perceive a variety of stimuli, and has a wide range of applications in medical monitoring, artificial intelligence and other fields. However, traditional electronic skin materials usually have problems such as low mechanical strength, poor adhesion performance, and loss of flexibility due to easy water loss, which limits its application in the field of electronics. In this paper, a polymer of dopamine-modified carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-DA) was prepared based on mussel adhesin and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a derivative of natural polymer cellulose, and introduced into a zwitterionic polycarboxybetaine (PCB) hydrogel. When the substitution degree of CMC-DA catechol group is 6.8%, CD-PCB hydrogel has good adhesion performance, and can be adjusted by different CMC-DA substitution degrees. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel are greatly improved. On this basis, natural polymer material silk protein is added to enhance the moisturizing performance of hydrogel. CDP-SILK hydrogels are also bacteriostatic, and obtain good electrical conductivity under the penetrating network of metal ions. In general, the material has developed a well-biocompatible zwitterionic biomimetic skin, which has high moisturizing, high adhesion, good biodescriptability and high electrical conductivity, showing good prospects for flexible wearable devices in bioelectronic applications.
  • Effects ofsilicon content on the microstructure, mechanical properties and toughness of (TiAlCrZrNb)-Six-N high-entropy films
    GAO Xin, WANG Jingjing, LIU Ping, MA Xun, ZHANG Ke, MA Fengcang, LI Wei, XU Kui, YAN Ziming, YING Yingyue
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9145-9151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.018
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    In order to obtain films with better mechanical properties and fracture toughness, the (TiAlCrZrNb)-Six-N (x=0, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) high entropy ceramic nanocomposite films with different Si contents were deposited on Si substrate by magnetron sputtering technology. The effects of Si doping on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the films were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nano-indentation apparatus. The results show that the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the films increase first and then decrease with the addition of Si element, which can be attributed to the formation of nanocomposite structures. When Si content is 4%, (TiAlCrZrNb)-Six-N film has the best comprehensive mechanical properties, and its maximum hardness and elastic modulus are 22.7 GPa and 192.0 GPa, respectively. In this case, the fracture toughness reaches the best, and the radial crack length C is 6.760 μm. The KIC was 1.77 MPa·m1/2.
  • Electrochemical properties of sulfur-doped Li4Ti5O12 anode material
    BAI Li, SONG Fangxiang, CHEN Qianlin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9152-9157. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.019
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    Lithium titanate (LTO) anode has received extensive attention due to its high safety and long cycle life. Here, S atoms was doped into LTO as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries by solvothermal method, and its electrochemical properties were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the introduced S atoms replaced Ti4+, which increased the lattice volume and conductivity of LTO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the LTO particle size was reduced due to the interference of S atoms on the crystal growth of LTO. The rate performance of sulfur-doped LTO (S-LTO) was investigated by charge-discharge tests, and the results showed that S-LTO-1.5 had the best performance, exhibiting 143.8 mA·h/g at 20 C and still having 137.4 mA·h/g after 1000 cycles. The results of electrochemical impedance (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) showed that the increased lattice volume and conductivity promoted the movement of Li+ and electrons in S-LTO-1.5, reduced the polarization, and thus enhanced electrochemical properties.
  • Study on thermoelectric properties of n-type polycrystalline SnSe doped with MnCl2
    LIU Hongxia, CHENG Lin, ZHANG Shun, ZHAI Lijun, SUN Zhigang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9158-9165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.020
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    SnSe has been demonstrated a thermoelectric material with great application potential. In this paper, a series of SnSe0.95-xmol% MnCl2 samples were prepared by melting method combined with SPS sintering, and the effect of MnCl2 doping on the thermoelectric properties of n-type polycrystalline SnSe was studied. The results show that all the samples exhibit obvious anisotropy, and have better thermoelectric properties along the direction parallel to the sintering pressure. The increase of MnCl2 doping concentration causes the change of Sn phase content and the precipitation of SnCl2 phase in the sample, thus affecting the carrier concentration and mobility, and improving the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of the samples after thermal excitation. In addition, the point defects and SnCl2 precipitation introduced by MnCl2 doping significantly enhance the phonon scattering and reduce the thermal conductivity of the materials. However, the thermal conductivity increases slightly with the increase of MnCl2 doping amount. As a result, the SnSe0.95-0.5 mol% MnCl2 sample obtains a maximum ZT value of 1.01 at 773 K, which is nearly 22 times that of the undoped sample.
  • Preparation and performance study of carbon nanotube reinforced fly ash concrete
    ZHOU Qiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9166-9171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.021
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    A carbon nanotube reinforced fly ash concrete material was prepared by using concrete with a fly ash content greater than 50% as the matrix material and multi walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanofillers, and controlling the proportion of carbon nanotubes added. The influence of different carbon nanotube content on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of high volume fly ash concrete was studied through characterization test such as FT-IR, SEM, mechanical properties and frost resistance. The results showed that the rich hydrophilic groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes promoted the hydration reaction, exerting a small-scale effect, increasing the proportion of hydration products, and making the coating of fly ash particles and aggregates more compact, resulting in the formation of a dense microstructure of carbon nanotube reinforced fly ash concrete. When the doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.10wt%, the compactness of concrete was the best. The addition of an appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes significantly improved the compressive strength of high content fly ash concrete at different ages, and the effect of carbon nanotubes on the strength improvement of concrete in the early hydration stage was stronger than that in the later stage. At the age of 28 d, when the doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.10wt%, the compressive strength of concrete reached the maximum value of 46.26 MPa. After 200 freeze-thaw cycles, the addition of carbon nanotubes significantly improved the failure morphology of concrete specimens, resulting in a decrease in the number of detachment and cracks in the specimens. When the doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.10wt%, the minimum mass loss rate of the concrete sample was 0.34%, and the maximum compressive strength was 25.52 MPa, indicating the best frost resistance. Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimal doping amount of carbon nanotubes was 0.10wt%.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of porous WO3 film and its electrochromic properties
    LI Zijia, WANG Meihan, WEI Liying, MU Dongyu, SONG Ran, ZHANG Jun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9172-9176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.022
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    Porous WO3 films were produced by adding appropriate amount of dodecyla mine to WO3 sol-gel precursors prepared from tungsten powder and hydrogen peroxide, and then heat-treated at 400 ℃ for 2 h. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The electrochromic properties were tested using an electrochemical workstation and a spectrophotometer. The results suggest the WO3 films present a partially crystallized amorphous structure and a porous surface. The current density of the porous WO3 films is larger and the reversibility is better. Porous WO3 films provide more channels for ion/electron diffusion which accelerate the injection/extrusion rate and shorten the response time. At the wavelength of 600 nm, the light modulation amplitude is 58.42%, which is 4.18% more than that of the dense WO3 film.Compared with the dense WO3 films the optical density change and coloring efficiency increase to 11.7% and 8.4%, respectively.
  • Study on preparation and properties of carbon fiber building energy-saving and thermal insulation materials
    DU Huihui, CHENG Siyuan, LI Weina
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9177-9182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.023
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    Si—O—C aerogels were prepared based on the precursor conversion method by adjusting the molar ratio of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and deionized water. The carbon fiber matrix composites were obtained after the aerogels were impregnated with carbon fiber preforms and dried.The effects of the molar ratio of methyltrimethoxysilane and deionized water on the properties of aerogels were studied by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity analysis,and the effects of pyrolysis treatment on the properties of carbon fiber matrix composites were analyzed.The results showed that the adhesion between Si—O—C aerogel and carbon fiber prepared by precursor conversion method was high.With the increased of the ratio of n(MTMS)∶n(deionized water), the integrity of the aerogel increased and the number of cracks decreased,and the compressive strength of the composite showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing.When n (MTMS)∶n (deionized water)=1∶50, the maximum compressive strength of the composite was 1.595 MPa, the maximum stress at the elastic deformation stage was 0.95 MPa, and the minimum thermal conductivity was 0.0198 W/(m·K).The pyrolysis at 1000 ℃ promoted the conversion of Si-O bond to Si-C bond in carbon fiber matrix composites,resulting in the increase of Si-C bond, but the pyrolysis caused cracks on the framework and surface of the aerogel, and when n (MTMS)∶n(deionized water)=1∶50, the deformation resistance of the composite is the best.
  • Preparation of polyurethane-graphene coating with high hardness and transparency
    JIAO Tianqi, LIN Ming, CHEN Guohua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9183-9189. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.024
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    Polyurethane (PU) has the advantages of green and environmental protection, It is often used as a coating on the surface of objects, but its hardness and such performance need to be greatly improved to meet the high-end requirements. Due to the particularity of the coating, it is difficult to meet the requirements of high hardness and high light transmittance at the same time by general modification methods. Monolayer graphene has excellent mechanical properties and light transmission. In this paper, it is selected to modify polyurethane. Firstly, monolayer graphene oxide (GO) was prepared and dispersed in the polyurethane system to obtain the polyurethane-monolayer graphene oxide coating, and then the high hardness and transparent polyurethane-graphene coating was obtained by reduction. The effects of GO content and reduction on scratch resistance and light transmittance of the coating were studied. The results show that the crosslinking network between GO and polyurethane can improve the dispersibility of GO and the mechanical properties of the polyurethane matrix,and the mechanical properties of coating were further improved after reduction to graphene. When the amount of GO reached 0.05wt‰, the pencil hardness of the coating was increased by 3-5 orders of magnitude compared with the pure polyurethane coating, and the light transmittance of the polyurethane-graphene coating was reduced within 10% compared with the pure polyurethane coating.
  • Preparation of spiro-pyran@poly(methyl methacrylate) photochromic microcapsules by suspension polymerization
    GAO Jian, DONG Jiansheng, WANG Chaoxia, YIN Yunjie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9190-9196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.025
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    The optimal experimental process for the preparation of photochromic microcapsules using PMMA as the shell material and spiro-pyran as the coating material was investigated to achieve excellent coating of photochromic materials and improve their photochromic properties. The results showed that the photochromic microcapsules were successfully prepared by suspension polymerization method, and the best experimental conditions for the preparation of photochromic microcapsules were determined by analyzing different experimental factors such as dispersant, stirring rate, core-to-wall ratio, etc. styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was compounded with a certain amount of gelatin as dispersant stabilizer, the mass ratio of input core material to shell material was controlled as 1∶1, the stirring speed was controlled as 650 r/min, and the photochromic microcapsules were prepared by using the following conditions. The prepared photochromic microcapsules were spherical in shape and uniform in size, with an average particle size of 2-3 μm. The photochromic microcapsules had good color change performance, photochromic response rate and fatigue resistance under UV irradiation.
  • Electrical performance of ZnO varistor ceramics with cobalt doped
    ZHOU Libin, CHEN Honglin, CAO Wenbin, LIU Jianke
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9197-9202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.026
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    Cobalt (Co) as an additive has a remarkable impact on the microstructure and electrical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) varistor ceramics. In this paper, ZnO varistor ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-phase method, based on the basic formula of ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3-MnO2-Cr2O3 with Co2O3 doped and Co3O4 doped respectively, and their microstructure and electrical properties were compared. It is found that doped Co mainly affects the average grain size of ZnO varistor ceramics, and the average grain size of samples doped Co2O3 is greater than that of samples doped Co3O4. In addition, the Co3O4 doped samples has a higher nonlinear coefficient of 51.40, a higher breakdown field of 338.29 V/mm, a lower leakage current density of 1.33 μA/cm2, and a higher barrier height of 0.69 eV, which has excellent comprehensive performance. Therefore, Co3O4 is better than Co2O3 to improve microstructure and electrical properties of ZnO varistor ceramic.
  • Investigation the recycling and reusing of the waste lithium-ion battery cathode materials
    ZHANG Zhiwei, WANG Haiyan, ZHANG Qi, YANG Jianxin, TANG Bin, LI Rui, FAN Jinping, WANG Hao, LI Shuangshou, LIN Wanming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9203-9210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.027
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    In this work, the valuable metal was recycled and reused by using malic acid as leaching agent and H2O2 as reducing agent, and the effect of different factors on the wet leaching efficiency of valuable metals was investigated. Meanwhile, the sol-gel method was utilized to re-synthesized LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2. And the re-synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical tests. The results showed that the wet leaching efficiency of the valuable metals Li, Ni, Co and Mn was reached 97.5% at the conditions of the malic acid concentration of 2.5 mol/L, the solid-liquid ratio of 120 g/L, the synthesized time of 80 min, the synthesized temperature of 90 ℃, and the H2O2 amount of 10 vol%. The re-synthesized materials also shows a good crystallization property. After 100 cycles of charge and discharge at 1 C, the specific capacity is 103.4 mAh/g, the capacity retention rate is 85.5%, and the capacity recovery rate is 92.32% after rate charge and discharge.
  • Preparation of Poly(Ba-co-EGDMA)-g-APBA macroporous resin and its separation performance for stevioside
    JIA Ru, LI Hao, LYU Yin, WANG Heyun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9211-9219. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.028
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    In this paper, Poly(Ba-co-EGDMA) macroporous resin was synthesized by suspension polymerization using butyl acrylate (Ba) as the monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker and butyl acetate as the porogenic agent. The synthetic resin was treated with alkali hydrolysis to form carboxyl groups on the resin surface. The boronic acid functionalized monomer 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA) was successfully grafted onto the surface of the carboxylated resin by EDC-NHS chemical coupling method to obtain Poly(Ba-co-EGDMA)-g-APBA macroporous resin and to study its performance for steviol glycoside separation. The experimental results showed that when the monomer ratio n( Ba)∶n( EGDMA) = 1∶1, the concentration of NaOH hydrolysis solution is 20wt% and the hydrolysis time is 24 h, the resin showed homogeneous and regular spherical shape, and the elemental boron content was 1.66%. The selectivity of the resin for STV and RA in stevia reached 10.29, and the total adsorption capacity was 43.14 mg/g. All results showed a good separation performance.
  • Preparation and durability of glass fiber modified cement concrete mortar
    CHENG Yihan, CAI Jiwei, XU Gelong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9220-9225. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.029
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    Fiber modified cement concrete mortar was prepared by selecting glass fiber as the additive phase and natural river sand as the fine aggregate, and introducing glass fiber with different volume additions (0.5%~2.0%). The effect of glass fiber doping on the mechanical properties, crack resistance and wear resistance of cement mortar was studied. The results show that as the amount of glass fiber doping increases, the consistency of the mortar mixture gradually increases, and the compressive strength and flexural strength first increase and then decrease. When the doping amount of glass fiber is 1.5vol%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the mortar reach their maximum values, which are 60.3 and 8.9 MPa, respectively. At this point, the phenomenon of penetrating cracks and surface peeling decreases, and the axial compressive strength, elastic modulus, crack resistance index, deflection, and stress of the mortar reach their maximum values, which are 47.6 MPa, 29.2 GPa, 99.6%, 3.2 mm and 17.3 kN, respectively, indicating the best crack resistance performance. When the doping amount of glass fiber is 1.5vol%, the minimum wear amount of mortar is 0.83 kg/m2, and the maximum reduction percentage of wear amount is 62.44%, indicating a significant improvement in wear resistance. Overall, the optimal doping amount for glass fibers is 1.5vol%.
  • Highly sensitive detection of Pb(Ⅱ) in water by FeCoP/NC nanopolyhedron
    WU Bo, YANG Meng, SUN Yufeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(9): 9226-9236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.09.030
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    In this paper, the electrochemical sensing interface was constructed by using polyhedral FeCoP/NC nanomaterial modified glassy carbon electrode by combining the excellent catalytic effect of CoP with the nitrogen-doped carbon base with high adsorption and good conductivity. The sensitivity of Pb(Ⅱ) detection by square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry is 66.58 μA/(μmol/L), and the detection limit is 0.025 μmol/L. This method has good anti-interference to the determination of Pb(Ⅱ) when Cd(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) and Hg(Ⅱ) coexist. Through repeated tests, it has been proved that it has good stability and repeatability. This work provides guidance for the construction of sensitive interface for low concentration pollutants and is of great significance for the practical engineering application of electrochemical detection of heavy metal pollutants in water environment.
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