30 August 2023, Volume 54 Issue 8
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
  • Morphology control of In2O3 and its gas sensing performances toward NO2
    WANG Yongguang, YAO Longchao, HU Yan, LIU Xiaofan, XU Linjie, ZHENG Chenghang, YANG Jian, GAO Xiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8001-8007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this work, morphology control of In2O3 gas sensing materials was realized through controlling the hydrothermal synthesis conditions, and In2O3 with zero to three dimensional morphologies (nanoparticles, nanorods, nanosheets, and microspheres) were prepared directionally. The morphology, structure, and chemical properties of In2O3 were characterized by various methods, and their gas sensing performances toward NO2 were systematically investigated. The gas sensing test results showed that NO2 gas sensing performances were significantly improved through morphology control. Among them, In2O3 microspheres with the largest surface area and chemisorbed oxygen species exhibited the optimum gas sensing performances to NO2, and the sensor fabricated with In2O3 microspheres reached a high response of 695 to 5.0×10-6 NO2 under 100 ℃ and can detect NO2 down to 0.2×10-6, showing high selectivity and reliable repeatability. Finally, the influential mechanism of In2O3 morphology control on NO2 gas sensing performances was further discussed.
  • In doped SnO2 nanofibers for rapid and highly selective hydrogen sensing
    YU Xi, ZHOU Yan, WANG Li, YAN Guilong, LI Zhenyu, CHEN Jinyu, WU Yuanpeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8008-8013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.002
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    As a typical n-type metal oxide semiconductor, tin dioxide has excellent physicochemical stability and sensitivity, and has excellent performance in reducing gas sensing. Pure SnO2 nanofibers and (0.5at%, 1at%, 2at%, 3at% and 4at%) In doped SnO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and calcination at 600 ℃. By testing the gas response of In doped SnO2 gas sensors to hydrogen and studying their gas sensing performance, it has been proven that In doped SnO2 nanofibers have potential application value in gas sensing. At 340 ℃, 1at% In doped SnO2 nanofibers have the highest response to 100×10-6 hydrogen (S=6.4) and have extremely fast response/recovery behavior (3.6 s/4.5 s) and high hydrogen selectivity. The micromorphology, crystal size, crystal structure, and elemental composition of SnO2 based nanofibers were analyzed and characterized by combining with FESEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS to explain and verify their sensing mechanism, and a reasonable sensing mechanism was discussed.
  • Research progress in preparation and orientation of nanocellulose
    SU Xiaotian, CHEN Jifei, CHEN Wengang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8014-8024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.003
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    With the increasing application of nanocellulose materials, it is found that some nanocellulose composites can improve its overall performance and have low cost and wide sources. Nanocellulose materials such as subnanometer cellulose crystal (CNC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose (NFC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and other materials are prepared by different methods. With the help of mechanical stretching, spinning, electric field, magnetic field and other methods, it is used to prepare directional alignment with high orientation and high performance. Nanocellulose materials with high strength and stiffness are used in textile industry, medical industry, optical devices and other fields. In this paper, these methods and materials are briefly discussed and the application characteristics of materials and methods are summarized.
  • Photoelectrocatalytic properties and interfacial reaction mechanism of carbon nitride nanosheets
    LIAO Xianlong, MA Xiaoqing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8025-8034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.004
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    Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of low cost, easy preparation, high chemical and thermal stability, and suitable band gap. However, g-C3N4 prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method has the disadvantages of small surface area, easy aggregation and low photocatalytic activity. In this paper, carbon nitride nanosheets were prepared by a simple thermal oxidation method and tested through photoelectrochemical measurements. The effect of external bias on the direction of photocurrent was investigated by photochemical tests, and the reaction mechanism of electrode interface under photoelectric induction was discussed. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM/HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis DRS. The effect of thermal oxidation on the structure and photoelectrochemical performance of carbon nitride in air atmosphere was systematically studied. The BET results showed that the specific surface area of the carbon nitride nanosheets (160.6 m2/g) was one order of magnitude higher than that of the bulk g-C3N4 (12.5 m2/g). In addition, the photocurrent density of g-C3N4 with two-dimensional nanosheet structure is twice as high as that of the bulk g-C3N4 under UV-vis light, and a lower OER potential was obtained.
  • Au- and Ag-modified TNTAs arrays and photocatalytic glycerol conversion studies
    WANG Xudong, WANG Jian, TIAN Rufeng, ZHANG Wanggang, LIU Yiming, LI Xiaohong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8035-8043. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.005
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    TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) were prepared by anodic oxidation with a tube diameter of 60 nm and a tube length of 5.4 μm. Further Au- and Ag-modified TNTAs/Au and TNTAs/Ag nanotube arrays were prepared by electrodeposition. The effects of loading with different Au and Ag contents on the photoanodic photoelectrocatalytic conversion of glycerol-coupled hydrogen production coupling were evaluated. The results showed that TNTAs loaded with Au and Ag could photocatalytically convert glycerol into high value-added products such as glyceraldehyde (GLD) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and produce hydrogen synergistically. TNTAs/Au (0.08 mmol/L) and TNTAs/Ag (0.04 mM) showed the highest catalytic performance with hydrogen production rates of 213.8 μmol/cm2/h and 198.1 μmol/cm2/h, glycerol conversion of 4.6% and 4.4%, and DHA selectivity of 15.4% and 15.3%, respectively. The best performance of the samples was attributed to the plasmon resonance effect of the metal nanoparticles, i.e., the metal acted as an electron trap to effectively gather the photoexcited electrons, and the electrons in the TiO2 conduction band were transferred to the metal to prevent the compounding of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which effectively improved the catalytic performance of the TiO2 nanotube arrays.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress in functional modification of boron nitride nanomaterials and their performance adjustment on polymer substrates
    WEI Wentao, WANG Quanlong, WU Meiping, WANG Yiyao, ZHOU Wen
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8044-8053. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.006
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    Boron nitride nanomaterials are usually added to polymers to adjust and improve the performance of polymer matrix composites due to their good mechanical properties, insulation properties, oxidation resistance and excellent thermal conductivity. However, the incompatibility between inorganic boron nitride nanomaterials and organic polymer materials will weaken the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites, making it difficult to give full play to their superior properties. Therefore, it is urgent to study the functional modification of boron nitride nanomaterials to improve the interface compatibility, improve the material dispersion ability and adjust the surface properties of nanomaterials. The research progress of functionalized modified boron nitride nanomaterials was reviewed. The structural characteristics, physical and chemical properties of boron nitride were introduced in detail. The application of functionalized modified boron nitride in polymer matrix composites was summarized. Finally, the development trend of functionalized modified boron nitride nanomaterials was prospected.
  • Recent advances of inorganic nanoscintillators
    ZHANG Yue, JING Zekun, GUO Yakun, XIA Binyuan, SHUAI Maobing, ZHAN Bin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8054-8062. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.007
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    This article briefs the basic characteristics, relative merits, and limitations of inorganic nanoscintillators that based on scintillation mechanism and associative physical phenomena. The structure features of different physical forms of nanoscintillator, as particle, film, ceramic and glass, and the applications of nanotechnology in scintillator are discussed. The critical factors affecting scintillation process under nanoscale are analyzed, and the related behaviors and mechanisms are explained from structure effect, surface effect and confined effect. The development of inorganic nanoscintillator in ionizing radiation detection is reviewed, and the application prospect is forecasted.
  • Application prospect of nanocrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy in biomedicine
    SHEN Qihang, LI Zilai, TANG Wang, SHI Xiaobin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8063-8070. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.008
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    The traditional NiTi alloy has been widely used in many fields due to its superelasticity, shape memory effect and excellent biocompatibility. For example, it has been prepared into orthodontic arch wire and vascular stent in the biomedical field. However, biomedical equipment needs precision and miniaturization, and the traditional NiTi alloy has been unable to keep up with the development. The nanocrystalline NiTi alloy after severe plastic deformation has better tensile, compressive strength, plasticity and fatigue properties than the traditional coarse and ultra-fine grained NiTi alloy. It is expected to expand the scope of application in the biomedical field. Nanocrystalline NiTi alloy can be used in the manufacture of new medical devices and orthopedic biomaterials. The combination of NiTiAg with Ag not only has excellent mechanical properties, but also has antibacterial effect. W-NiTi composite material is formed by combining with W nanowire/belt to improve the radiation opacity and make the positioning and deployment of instruments and implants in the human body easier. In recent years, there is also a new surface modification technology, ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification, which produces nanocrystalline on the surface of NiTi alloy to improve fatigue and corrosion resistance. This paper mainly introduces the application of existing NiTi alloys and the application prospect of nanocrystalline NiTi alloys in biomedical field.
  • Effect of nano-filler control on properties of polar polymer nanocomposites
    XU Yujiao, OU Yangwen, CHEN Fulin, SHENG Su
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8071-8084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.009
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    Dielectric materials have high stability and high power density, but the energy density is low, so it is a long-term challenge to improve their energy density. The introduction of inorganic components into polymer matrix to form polymer composites is a new capacitive energy storage dielectric material, which has attracted much attention because it’s integration on the large permittivity of ceramic fillers and the high breakdown electric field of polymers. In this paper, the important research direction and latest progress of high energy density ferroelectric polymer composites are reviewed. This paper mainly introduces the comprehensive effects of filler size, filler shape, filler orientation, filler spatial structure and filler surface modification on the dielectric properties, breakdown strength and energy density of the composites, with emphasis on its internal influence mechanism.
  • Research progress in hydrothermal preparation of manganese oxide nanowires
    LI Shuo, JIANG Zhiqiang, LIU Fang, WANG Xingjun, HOU Yun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8085-8095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.010
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    Manganese oxides have attracted much attention due to their excellent structural diversity and novel physical and chemical properties. The common manganese oxides MnO2, Mn2O3, Mn3O4 and MnO have broad application prospects in catalysis, magnetic applications, energy storage, and other fields. The reduction of material dimension might lead to the improvement of performance. Therefore, a lot of efforts have been made in the preparation of manganese oxide nanowires, especially in the hydrothermal synthesis of manganese oxide nanowires with different crystal structures. In this paper, the effects of growth parameters (reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value, etc.) on the structure and morphology of manganese oxide nanowires prepared in the hydrothermal preparation process were summarized, in order to provide a reference for the hydrothermal growth of manganese oxide nanowires with controllable size and good performance.
    • Research & Development
  • Facile preparation of silver nanowire/kapok cellulose paper with high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding
    TENG Rui, ZHANG Quan, SUN Yinuo, NIU Zhuohang, LIU Mingxuan, CAO Qiyu, LIU Shouxin, LI Wei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8096-8102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.011
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    Using silver nanowires prepared by polyol method as conductive filler and kapok micro-fibrillated cellulose as carrier, the composite paper was prepared by vacuum filtration. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, four-probe tester and vector network analyzer, and the effects of silver nanowire content on their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness were investigated. The results showed that the silver nanowires as one kind of one-dimensional silver elemental nanomaterial, were uniformly distributed in the composite paper and formed an excellent conductive network. When 2.5wt% of silver nanowires were added to the pure cellulose paper, the electrical resistance of the paper dropped from 470.57 MΩ·cm to 1.26 mΩ·cm. When the concentration of silver nanowires was increased from 2.5wt% to 10wt%, the conductivity of the paper increased from 793.65 S/cm to 3039.51 S/cm, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness increased from 38.1 dB to 61.5 dB.
  • Preparation and morphology control of Ag nanowires by polyol method with high AgNO3 concentration
    ZHONG Shuiping, CHEN Yinan, XIAO Ni, CHI Xiaopeng, TAN Wen, WENG Wei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8103-8109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.012
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    Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high aspect ratio are highly desirable for its downstream applications. Increasing the concentration of AgNO3 for synthesizing the AgNWs can improve the production efficiency, but adding the difficulty in morphology controlling of the products at the same time. Herein, elaborate morphology tuning of the AgNWs prepared in the high-concentration AgNO3 solutions were realized. Specifically, the optimized conditions, including the types of ion additives (Fe3+ and Cl-), molecular weight of polyethylene pyrrolidone (PVP) and the first-step AgNO3 concentration as well as the addition rate of AgNO3, were obtained by systematically exploring their effects on the size of obtained AgNWs. The optimized conditions contribute to preparation of AgNWs with diameter and length being 71.0 nm and 62.3 μm respectively, corresponding to the highest aspect ratio of 877.3. The SEM images and UV-vis spectrophotometer results show that the synergy of Fe3+ and Cl- determines the generation of AgNWs with high aspect ratio. Also, the optimizations of the PVP molecular weight and the first-step concentration of AgNO3 as well as its addition rate can further improve the aspect ratio of the AgNWs.
  • Preparation of polyacrylamide-assisted hydrothermal carbon nanospheres and adsorption of methylene blue
    ZHANG Jinyu, JIN Chen, ZHUANSUN Menglin, HE Wei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8110-8117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.013
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    Monodisperse carbon nanospheres (CNs-APAM) with different APAM incorporation amounts were prepared by an assisted hydrothermal method using glucose, anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) as raw material. The samples were characterized and tested using SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis). The effects of APAM addition on the dispersion and yield of carbon nanospheres (CNs) and the adsorption performance of CNs on methylene blue (MB) with different APAM additions were investigated. It was shown that the best dispersion and highest yield of CNs were achieved at the addition of APAM at 120 mg, with the yield up to 21.5 %. The adsorption results showed that CNs-APAM had the best adsorption effect on MB with the maximum adsorption amount of 124.26 mg·g-1 when the addition amount of APAM was 120 mg, the adsorption time was about 2 h, the concentration of MB solution was 30 mg/L, and the initial pH of the solution was 10.0. The fitting results of the adsorption model showed that the process of MB adsorption by CNs-APAM was consistent with Langmuir model with quasi-secondary kinetic model.
  • Room temperature hydrogensensing performance of In-doped MoO3 nanobelts
    YIN Tao, LIU Yuhang, XUE Qianqian, YANG Shulin, WANG Zhao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8118-8123. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.014
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    In this study, In-doped MoO3 nanobelts were synthesized using a hydrothermal method to investigate the effects of In doping concentration on their physical phase, morphology, and room-temperature hydrogen sensing properties. The results revealed that the In-doped products were orthorhombic MoO3 nanobelts with an average length of approximately 5 μm and a diameter of about 200 nm. As the In-doping concentration increased from 2 to 6at%, the room-temperature hydrogen sensing properties of the nanobelts were gradually enhanced. However, the properties deteriorated when the In-doping concentration was further increased to 10at%. The MoO3 nanobelts with a doping concentration of 6at% exhibited the best room-temperature hydrogen sensing performance, with a response of approximately 1.84 to 3 000 ppm H2 and a response time of about 42 s. Moreover, the In-doped MoO3 nanobelts showed good repeatability to hydrogen and exhibited excellent selectivity and stability.
  • Preparation of nanoporous FeNbMoP alloy and its electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction performance
    WANG Linlin, CHANG Chuntao, ZHU Shengli
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8124-8133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.015
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    Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction (ENRR) under mild conditions is an environmentally friendly nitrogen fixation strategy, which is expected to replace the Haber - Bosch process with harsh conditions, high energy consumption and environmental pollution. The development of high-performance electrocatalytic catalysts is the key to solve the problems of the difficulty in dissociation of the N≡N triple bond and the difficulty in adsorption of nitrogen. In this paper, we prepared non-noble metal nanoporous FeNbMoP alloy catalyst with self-supporting structure by electrochemical dealloying method and applied it to catalyze ENRR. The addition of nano-porous structure and non-metallic P element and transition metal Nb element improves the reaction activity, and the catalyst after optimization has the ammonia yield of 23.3 μg h-1 cm-2. This study provides a new direction for the subsequent synthesis of high-performance ENRR catalysts.
  • Study on the metal corrosion behavior of nanometer nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) magnetic fluid under magnetic field
    LIANG Tianxiang, WU Zhangyong, JIANG Jiajun, ZHU Qichen, CAI Xiao ming, MO Ziyong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8134-8139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.016
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    To investigate the corrosion of metals in nano magnetic fluids under magnetic field conditions, a two-step method was used to prepare nano NiFe2O4 magnetic fluids. The corrosion rate of copper sheets in nano magnetic fluid media under magnetic field conditions was investigated using the gravimetric method, and the effects of different dispersants and their mass fractions, pH values, nano NiFe2O4 particle mass fractions, and magnetic field strength on the corrosion rate of copper sheets were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that both oleic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibit the corrosion of copper sheets. And the inhibitory effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate is better. The corrosion rate of copper sheets under alkaline conditions is lower than that under acidic conditions. The addition of nano magnetic particles promotes the corrosion of copper sheets to a certain extent. The magnetic field strength can improve the corrosion resistance of copper sheets in nano magnetic fluid media. As the magnetic field strength increases, the corrosion rate of copper sheets gradually decreases.
  • Ni(OH)2/CeO2@Ni3S2/NF composite electrode constructed by two-step method for high efficiency electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
    YANG Mameng, LI Yan, LIU Jiangying, XU Wenxuan, GUO Fengying, ZHANG Junjun, BAO Weiwei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8140-8147. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.017
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    Electrochemical water splitting is one of the ways to produce clean energy. However, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), an important half-reaction involving complex four-electron transfer, significantly reduces the overall water splitting efficiesncy. In this paper, by means of interface engineering, Ni(OH)2/CeO2 hybrid particles were modified with Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays grown in situ on nickel foam (NF) by electrodeposition, so as to successfully prepare an efficient and stable OER composite electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize and analyze the microstructure, phase composition and surface element valence of the electrode materials. In the 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, the overpotential required to drive the current density of 100 mA/cm2 is only 330 mV, the Tafel slope is 150.7 mV/dec, and the durability can be maintained for at least 25 h. The excellent electrocatalytic performance is due to the synergistic catalytic effect of Ni(OH)2/CeO2 particles and Ni3S2 nanoarray and the promotion of Ce4+ cations on the formation of OER active components. This study confirms that rare earth compounds have certain potential in modifying sulfide catalysts and can be widely used in the field of energy catalysis.
  • Rapid Synthesis of 3D Carbon Foam Supported CoOx Nanosheets by Microwave Selective Heating Based on Solid waste and their electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reactions
    ZHANG Qingyuan, LONG Weiyu, CUI Yuchen, XU Lei, MENG Xiangkang, TANG Shaochun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8148-8156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.018
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    It is of great significance to design and develop both highly active and low-cost electrocatalysts toward large-scale hydrogen production via electrocatalytic decomposition of water. Herein, using solid waste of melamine foams as raw material, CoOx nanosheet-built porous coating (CoOx/N-C) with uniform distribution grew on the ligaments of three-dimensional (3D) nitrogen-doped carbon framework by microwave selective heating. The microwave reaction time is only 45 seconds and thus the reaction rate is two orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional chemical precipitation-pyrolysis technique (about 6-8 h). When the current density is 10 mA/cm2, the over-potential of the CoOx/N-C electrode in 1 M KOH electrolyte is only 340 mV. After the stability tests for 10 h, its electrocatalytic performance retention is up to 97%. This is mainly attributed to the fact that the 3D nitrogen-doped carbon skeleton can effectively improve the electrical conductivity of CoOx as an electron transfer bridge, and the porous CoOx nanosheet layer provides enough active sites for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study provides a new route to the rapid preparation of high-performance OER electrocatalysts based on solid wastes.
  • Preparation andthermocatalytic properties of highly active Co3O4/Fe3O4 composite nanomaterials
    JIN Yuling, LI Linli, LIU Yajing, TAO Ran, MA Jingyi, SUN Hao, ZHANG Meixia, FAN Xiaoxing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8157-8162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.019
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    In this paper, Co3O4/Fe3O4 composite nanomaterials were prepared by sol-gel reaction and high temperature calcination method. By adjusting the concentration of Co(NO3)2·6H2O and Fe(NO3)3·9H2O in precursor, the content of two components in Co3O4/Fe3O4 can be adjusted, and the grain size of Co3O4/Fe3O4 can be changed by changing calcination temperature. The phase, morphology, and structure of Co3O4/Fe3O4 composites were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and N2 adsorption desorption measurement. The results of thermal catalysis showed that with the increase of the molar ratio of Fe3O4 to Co3O4, the thermal catalytic activity of Co3O4/Fe3O4 composites for isopropanol(IPA) degradation was continuously enhanced. When the molar ratio of Fe3O4 to Co3O4 was 0.5:1 and the calcination temperature reach 500 ℃, the composites showed the highest thermal catalytic activity and better stability. The Co3O4/Fe3O4 heterojunction could promote the separation of electrons and holes in the thermal catalytic redox reaction, and generated ·O2- radicals on the material surface, which could further oxidize with IPA, and finally realized the efficient degradation of IPA.
  • Polyimide derived porous carbon/nano magnetic iron particle composites for high performance microwave absorption
    WANG Ziqing, YU Wentao, HUANG Wanjun, LUO Xuliang, REN Guoxing, CHEN Lei, MIN Yonggang, FANG Jiyong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8163-8171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.020
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    In this study, Fe3O4 magnetic material was prepared by co-precipitation method, and polyimid-based polyporous carbon/nano-magnetic iron particles (PIC, PIC/Fe-1, PIC/Fe-2, PIC/Fe-3) composite absorbent with different amounts of magnetic particles were prepared by vacuum freeze-drying and high-temperature pyrolysis. The excellent heat resistance of polyimide ensures the integrity of pore structure during high temperature pyrolysis. The complete porous structure can improve the impedance matching condition. The addition of an appropriate amount of nano-magnetic iron particles can improve the dielectric loss and increase the magnetic loss, which makes the electromagnetic wave decay rapidly in the absorber. When PIC/Fe-2 thickness is 4.57 mm, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is -24.13 dB. When PIC/Fe-2 thickness is 4.89 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth (EABW, greater than 90%EMW absorption, RL less than -10 dB) is 2.54 GHz. In addition, when PIC/Fe-3 thickness is 4.91 mm, RLmin is -54.43 dB, and when PIC/Fe-3 thickness is 5.18 mm, EABW is 2.65 GHz. The polyimid-based multi-pore carbon/nano magnetic iron particle absorbent designed in this work has excellent EMW absorption performance and can be used as a candidate for absorbing agent.
  • Preparation of Ag doped ZnO nanomaterials and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
    LI Na, HU Fengzhe, JIN Fu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8172-8176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.021
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    Using C4H6O4Zn·2H2O as raw material, Ag doped ZnO nanomaterials were prepared by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ag doped molar mass on the structure and photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanomaterials were studied using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, PL spectroscopy and photocatalytic performance tests. The results showed that the Ag doped ZnO nanomaterials prepared by hydrothermal method had a hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystallinity. Ag doping didn't change the lattice structure of ZnO nanomaterials and the appearance was irregular spherical. After appropriate amount of Ag doping, the particle morphology of ZnO nanomaterials tended to change to regular spherical, with particle sizes ranging from 260 to 480 nm. With the increase of Ag doping ratio, the photoluminescence intensity of ZnO nanomaterials decreased first and then increased. ZnO nanomaterials with Ag doping molar ratio of 3% had the lowest photoluminescence intensity. Taking Rhodamine B (RhB) as the degradation target, at 180 min, the degradation rate of RhB by Ag doped ZnO nanomaterials with a molar ratio of 3% reached a maximum of 93.05%, which was 64.22% higher than that of pure ZnO. After repeated use for 5 times, the degradation rate of RhB by ZnO nanomaterials in 180 min was 81.22%, and the retention rate was as high as 87.29%, indicating a high reusability.
  • Adsorption of dyes using cellulose nanofibers prepared from chlorella waste
    ZHANG Lina, ZHU Jin, HUO Xiaomin, LIU Changbin, WANG Lianfeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8177-8182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.022
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    Nanocellulose is widely used as water treatment materials because of their high surface area and aspect ratio, environmental biodegradability and renewability. Chlorella grows fast and its cell wall is rich in cellulose without lignin. High quality cellulose can be obtained by simple purification. In the present work, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared from chlorella waste by homogenization, with average diameter and length of 4.1±2.3 nm and 375±35.3 nm. The physicochemical properties of the prepared CNFS were determined by various techniques, and its adsorption performance was evaluated using methylene blue trihydrate (MB) and congo red (CR) as the model dyes. Results reported in this study indicate that the adsorption of MB and CR on the CNFS follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and the pseudo-second-order. Besides, the effects of pH and dye concentrate on adsorption were also investigated. Further analysis reveals that the process of MB and CR adsorption follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum capacity of cationic MB dye adsorption on the CNF is 161.25 mg/g, and anionic CR dye adsorption is 181.36 mg/g. The pH has a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of CNFS, which have maximum adsorption capacity the maximum adsorption capacity. But for CR, the lower the pH, the stronger the adsorption capacity is, in the pH range of 5 to 10.
  • Study on properties of super hydrophilic CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film
    WANG Hui, NIU Li, LI Xu, LIU Zhiming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8183-8191. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.023
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    The CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film with high porosity and pure water permeability was prepared by simple electrospinning technology, using concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolyzed skim cotton with high mechanical strength and crystallinity as the reinforcing phase, and combining with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with good thermal stability and chemical stability. The effect of CNC addition on the properties of the film was investigated through various characterizations, and the results showed that compared with pure PAN, the CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film had good thermal stability, better mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. The changes of thickness, porosity and permeation flux of pure water before and after the use of the film were explored, the oil-water separation performance of the film was analyzed, and its application in the field of water treatment was expanded.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effect ofnano-ZnO/TiO2 on properties of basalt fiber modified asphalt
    MA Feng, AN Qiang, FU Zhen, WEN Yalu, HOU Yngjie, TANG Yujie, LI Jie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8192-8198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.024
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to improve the performance of asphalt in pavement, basalt fiber, nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2 are used to composite the modified asphalt. The basic properties and rheological properties of composite modified asphalt were studied by three index of asphalt, Brookfield rotational viscosity and temperature sweep test, and the thin-film oven test (TFOT) and the pressurized aging vessel test (PAV) were used to simulate different aging states of asphalt to analyze the anti-aging performance of the composite modified asphalt. The results showed that with the increase of nano-ZnO and nano-TiO2 content, the penetration, softening point and viscosity of modified asphalt increased, and its high temperature performance was improved. The rutting factor G*/sinδ and the fatigue factor G*·sinδ of the composite modified asphalt were significantly improved, and its anti-rutting performance was improved, but its fatigue resistance was decreased. Compared the complex modulus, fatigue factor-temperature relationship curves of asphalt under different aging conditions, its anti-aging performance increased with the increase of nanocomposite modifier content. Through comprehensive comparison and selection, the optimal dosage of nanocomposite modifier was recommended to be 4%.
  • Aging properties of epoxy adhesive modified by graphene in water aging environment
    LIU Qian, ZOU Yun, JIA Zhemin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8199-8206. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.025
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this paper, different contents (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were used to modify epoxy resin adhesive. Through double-sided shear tests of carbon fiber reinforced concrete structures, the change of adhesive properties before and after GNP modification under different time of immersion aging (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks) was studied, and the influence of graphene nanoplatelets modification on the durability of adhesive joint was investigated. The test results show that both the interfacial bonding strength and the maximum slip displacement increase first and then decrease with the increase of GNP content under the non-immersion and immersion aging tests, and 0.5% GNP has the largest increase rate for interfacial bonding strength under each working condition. After 8 weeks of immersion aging, 0.5% GNP increases the bonding strength and maximum slip by 54.1% and 53.66% respectively. After 8 weeks of aging, the bonding strength of unmodified adhesive decreases by 15.19% compared with the non-aging environment, while 0.5% GNP/Epoxy adhesive only decreases by 10.47%. The GNP reinforced adhesive could not only improve the adhesive joints strength, but also reduce the diffusion of water molecules into adhesive and interface. This paper provides some reference for the application of GNP reinforced adhesive to enhance durability of the carbon fiber bonded concrete structure.
  • Sorption of neonicotinoid insecticides in aqueous solution by aminated carbon nanotubes
    ZHANG Xinlu, SUN Tianhang, JIANG Wei, ZHANG Haiyun, SHEN Xiaofang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8207-8216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.026
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Aminated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NH2) were synthesized by microwave method, characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS and BET, and applied as sorbents for the sorption removal of five neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam and nitenpyram) in aqueous solution. The experimental results showed that when 10.0 mg CNTs-NH2 was added to a 100 mL solution with 0.5 mg/L NNIs, the removal rates of the five NNIs could all exceed 70%. The pH of the solution and the anions coexisting in water (Cl-, SO2-4, HCO3-) have little effect on the sorption effect of NNIs. The sorption kinetic process of CNTs-NH2 for NNIs conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the sorption equilibrium could be reached within 120 minutes. Compared with the Frendlich model, the sorption isotherm of NNIs on CNTs-NH2 was more consistent with the Langmuir model.
  • Study on the effect of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and anti-carbonation properties of cement-based materials
    YANG Zhiquan, ZHU Honglin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8217-8227. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.027
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Carbon nanotubes are a new type of material with excellent properties, and their incorporation into cementitious materials can improve the microstructure and durability of the material. This paper reviews the research progress on the effect of nucleation, filling and bridging properties of carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and carbonation resistance of cementitious materials, and discusses the mechanism of the effect of the doping amount, dispersion method and length-to-diameter ratio of carbon nanotubes on the carbonation reaction of cementitious materials. The analysis shows that carbon nanotubes promote the hydration of cement by nucleation, increase the hydration product Ca(OH)2, increase the alkalinity of the matrix and slow down the carbonisation, and optimise the pore structure of the material and the compactness of the interfacial transition zone by combining the filling and bridging effects, inhibit the formation of microcracks and prevent the infiltration of CO2, thus optimising the microstructure of cement-based materials and enhancing their anti-carbonisation properties. Finally, the problems of the current research are analyzed and the prospects of its research are given.
  • Effect of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles on solidification of microencapsulated phase-change materials
    ZHONG Kai, JIA Lisi, CHEN Ying, SHENG Xinxin, MO Songping, WANG Huichang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(8): 8228-8236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.08.028
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Octadecyl trimethoxylsilane was used as silane coupling agent to improve the hydrophobicity of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, and the resultant surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed into the n-octadecane (C18) by ultrasonic vibration. The obtained TiO2-C18 nanofluids were then used to prepare the TiO2-C18 microcapsules with regular spherical shape and uniform particle size distribution by a microfluidic method. The solidification behavior of the TiO2-C18 microcapsules was measured by the differential scanning calorimeter and High and low temperature test apparatus, and the effect of surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles on the supercooling degree and thermal cycling stability of the microencapules were studied. The results showed that hydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticles could be achieved by regulating the amount of silane coupling agent used. The modified TiO2 nanoparticles could be dispersed uniformly in the bulk of C18 and provided available surfaces to promote the heterogeneous nucleation. Consequently, the supercooling of TiO2-C18 microcapsules could be eliminated completely, which also exhibited good thermal cycling stability.
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