30 June 2023, Volume 54 Issue 6
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2022)
  • Construction of functional PLGA films for NIR laser/glucose double responsive disinfectant application
    DU Bingwen, HE Shuai, LIAN Xiaoke, WANG Ziyou, LIU Yuchen, DENG Yi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6001-6010. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Diabetes, a metabolic disease, can lead to vascular dysfunction and severe wound infection owing to the hyperglycemia in patients, which causes the wounds of diabetic patients prone to pathogenic bacterial infection, leading to the wound difficult to heal. To solve this problem, in this study, a NIR laser/glucose dual-responsive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film (PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx) was constructed based on Ag2S/liquid metal compound and glucose oxidase (GOx) for efficiently eliminating pathogenic bacteria and relieve wound infection. The characterization results of XRD, SEM, EDS and BCA protein detection and analysis proved the successful preparation of Ag2S@LM compound and PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx thin films. The PL spectrum results indicated that compared with the Ag2S, the photoexcited electron-hole pairs separation efficiency of the Ag2S@LM compound is significantly improved. The photothermal experimental results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx can effectively generated heat under NIR irradiation. Subsequently, photodynamic/chemodynamic results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under NIR irradiation and glucose environments by NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed, which have the potential to cause oxidative stress to bacteria. Antibacterial experiments showed that the PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx film can effectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), proving that PLGA/Ag2S@LM-GOx thin film possesses NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed synergistic bactericidal ability. This research not only provides a new method and experimental support for the treatment of wound infection in diabetic patients, but also provides a new idea for designing the novel thin film materials.
  • Recent development of hydrogen storage in hollow glass microspheres
    LUO Yuan, LIU Qiang, WANG Yuanxin, LIAO Bin, YAN Kaiqi, ZHANG Jingjie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6011-6020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.002
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    With the continuous use of fossil fuels, the emission of CO2 increases significantly, which seriously affects nowadays' ecology. In order to reduce the emission of CO2, it's urgent to use clean energy to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen energy has advantages of high heat value and zero CO2 emission, making it a good substitute of fossil fuels. However, its small density and low boiling point make it difficult to storage, which limits its large-scale application. At present, hydrogen energy is stored in high-pressure tanks, which have disadvantages of low hydrogen capacity, high cost of transportation and hydrogen embrittlement. The key point of large-scale commercial application of hydrogen is developing new kind of hydrogen storage materials and technologies. Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) as a kind of hollow, small size and pressure-resistant material, have advantages of good stability, high hydrogen capacity, low cost and no hydrogen embrittlement, which make them have great potential in hydrogen storage. This paper reviews the development of hydrogen storage in HGMs, introduces the mechanism and influencing factors of hydrogen storage in HGMs and further introduces the research of hydrogen release rate and response time.
  • Preparation and application ofchitin nano-whiskers derived from Antarctic krill
    XU Long, LIU Yun, WU Zhiqiang, JIANG Guoliang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6021-6027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.003
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    Chitin was prepared from Antarctic krill shells, and then it was prepared into chitin nano-whiskers by TEMPO oxidation method, and chitosan/fish glue/chitin nano-whisker composite film materials were prepared by adding different additions of chitin nano-whiskers into chitosan/fish glue matrix. The chitin nano-whiskers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The composite membrane materials were examined by SEM, optical transmittance, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and the degradability of the composite membrane materials was tested by subcutaneous embedding experiments in mice. The results showed that the chitin nano-whiskers prepared from Antarctic krill shells were needle-like or fibrous with an average diameter of 17 nm. The chitin nano-whiskers were uniformly dispersed in the composite membrane material, and the tensile strength of the composite membrane reached a maximum of 18.37 MPa when the addition amount of chitin nano-whiskers was 7%, which was 160% higher than that of chitosan/fish glue membrane. This indicates that the addition of nano-whiskers into the composite film can significantly improve its mechanical strength. The subcutaneous degradation experiments in mice showed that the degradation rate of the composite membrane with nano-whisker addition became slower, and the degradation rate of the membrane with 7% nano-whisker addition was 66.3% at the ninth week.
  • Chemical characterization of liquid oxygen compatible epoxy resin based on DFT
    TANG Lantian, XU Hao, YAN Jia, GAO Chang, LI Juanzi, WU Zhanjun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6028-6033. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.004
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    The introduction of phosphorus elements inside the epoxy resin by chemical modification can effectively improve its liquid oxygen compatibility, and this will also change the chemical properties of the epoxy resin, but the change of chemical properties remains to be studied. Since it is difficult to characterize some chemical properties in experimental studies, this paper made an in-depth study of the chemical properties of 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) modified epoxy resin molecules based on the density functional theory (DFT). In order to analyze the effect of chemical properties on grafting ODOPB functional groups into the epoxy resin molecules, the relevant properties of unmodified epoxy resin molecules were also studied and compared. The results showed that the bond dissociation energy and Laplace bond order on the main chain of the epoxy resin molecule increased after ODOPB modification, and the maximum values of the electrostatic potential and average local ionization energy decreased, indicating that grafting ODOPB can improve the thermal stability and liquid oxygen compatibility of the epoxy resin. This study provides the theoretical basis for the study of the ODOPB modified epoxy resin liquid oxygen compatibility mechanism on the molecular level.
  • Study on catalytic application of biochar modification
    WANG Jie, LIU Jianguo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6034-6042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.005
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    Biochar is a neutral carbon-rich material obtained from pyrolysis of biomass. It is not only an environmentally friendly improved means of adsorption and degradation, but also provides a feasible idea for carbon capture and storage. This review focuses on several commonly used modification methods of biochar, summarizes its catalytic applications and action mechanisms in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants, multiphase catalysis, photocatalysis and microbial fuel cell electrodes, puts forward the challenges and practical difficulties of biochar and its modified materials in catalysis, and looks forward to the future research direction.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of three-dimensional MXene composites in microwave absorption
    SUN Chenfeng, DING Guoxin, ZHANG Jingcheng, BAI Yang, LIU Jun, HU Yuexiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6043-6055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.006
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    Electronic devices will generate electromagnetic waves when they work, and electromagnetic waves will cause electromagnetic pollution while their intensity exceeds a certain range, which can be harmful to people's health and some precision instruments. In order to eliminate electromagnetic pollution, the research of microwave absorption materials has become more and more important. In recent years, MXene, a member of two-dimensional nanomaterial family, have shown great potential in microwave absorption with their excellent layered structure, rich functional groups and excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the preparation of MXene and the microwave absorption mechanism, and introduces the construction method of 3D MXene composites and its recent progress in the microwave absorption direction.
  • Research progress in preparation methods of catalytic materials with high electron mobility
    QI Zhanfeng, GAO Rui, WANG Zhen, GUO Xiuli
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6056-6065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.007
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    By enhancing the electron mobility of materials, the conductivity of materials can be improved, the process of redox reaction in the catalytic process can be accelerated, and the catalytic activity can be greatly improved. Therefore, the preparation of high electron mobility catalytic materials has become a research hotspot. Although lots of studies have recognized the importance of enhancing the electron mobility of catalytic materials for catalytic performance, the current research is still insufficient, especially the lack of unified understanding of the internal mechanism of how the electron mobility of solid catalysts affects the catalytic performance of materials. It is urgent to reveal the structure-activity relationship between electron mobility and catalytic materials to realize the controllable preparation of catalytic materials. Herein, we have systematically summarized the different preparation methods, chemical and physical mechanisms, characteristic analysis, and challenges of high electron transfer catalytic materials and looks forward to the future development direction. Additionally, the influences and limitations of the element characteristics, electrical conductivity, and spatial characteristics of the materials on the preparation of high electron migration catalytic materials are highlighted.
  • Research progress in fabrication of superhydrophobic concrete and its application on anti-corrosion and anti-icing field
    CUI Linjing, CHEN Depeng, LYU Zhong, XIANG Tengfei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6066-6079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.008
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    Concrete is the most widely used building material in civil infrastructure in the world, but because its hydrophilic and porous surface structure promotes the penetration of water and the erosion of corrosive ions, the concrete is damaged by freezing and melt, expansion and denudation, which leads the safety and durability of concrete structure to seriously reducing. Superhydrophobic surfaces have good water resistance and can be applied to concrete, coating or overall superhydrophobic concrete has received considerable attention in the last decade, and also has a good application value in the field of anticorrosion and ice prevention. In this context, this paper first briefly summarizes the basic wettability model for concrete concrete cases. Secondly, we review the existing advanced strategies for constructing superhydrophobic concrete, mainly divided into surface hydrophobic modification and overall hydrophobic modification, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of two different strategies. When the concrete is in the extreme environment such as cold and marine environment, it is particularly important to improve the anti-corrosion and ice prevention performance of the concrete, so the influence of the water modification is discussed in this paper. In addition, the theoretical basis of superhydrophobic modification technology for concrete corrosion and ice is briefly described. Finally, the challenges in the current fabrication and application of superhydrophobic concrete and the potential solutions to these problems are indicated.
  • Advances in the application of cellulose-based membrane materials
    LI Jiangqin, YAO Kaili, HU Tianding, SHAN Shaoyun, BA Mingfang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6080-6087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.009
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    Cellulose has the characteristics of renewable, degradable, environmental, pollution-free, etc. Using celluloses as raw materials, the prepared cellulose-based membrane material shows excellent properties of separation, adsorption, conduction, magnetic and stimulus-response, and is widely used in separation, conduction, packaging, adsorption, and other research fields. In this paper, the application of cellulosic materials in the fields of separation film, conductive film, packaging film, and adsorption film was reviewed, and its future development trend was prospected.
  • Research progress of new hydrogel hemostatic materials
    GONG Jiajun, SONG Hui, LI Peixuan, WANG Jiannan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6088-6094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.010
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    The rapid hemostasis and healing of wounds is of great significance for the treatment of accidental bleeding. As a kind of extremely hydrophilic multi-dimensional network structure gel, hydrogel has great application advantages in hemostatic materials due to its excellent rheology, adhesion and injectability, especially in irregular wounds and deeper wounds. It has an irreplaceable hemostatic effect of other shape materials. Hydrogels such as natural polysaccharide polymers, proteins and synthetic macromolecular polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their high water absorption, biocompatibility, adhesion of blood cell, or activation of coagulation factors in the field of hemostatic materials, and have made great progress in research. In this paper, the preparation of various hydrogel hemostatic materials and the latest application research achievements in recent years are comprehensively reviewed, and the development prospects of hydrogel hemostatic materials are prospected.
    • Research & Development
  • Ionogel electrolytes for high-stable Zn-ion batteries
    JIANG Nan, WANG Baojun, HOU Chengyi, ZHANG Qinghong, LI Yaogang, QIN Zongyi, LI Kerui, WANG Hongzhi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6095-6102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.011
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    Zn-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high safety and low cost, however, the growth of Zn dendrites hinders the stability of the battery performance. Here, a strategy is proposed to prepare ionogel electrolytes by incorporating ionic liquids into PVDF-HFP substrate. The cations of the ionic liquids can adsorb onto the Zn tips to form a shielding layer for uniform deposition of Zn2+. In this work, EMIM(OTf), BMIM(OTf), and HMIM(OTf), that belong to imidazolium ionic liquids, were selected to investigate the inhibitory effect of their cation with different side chain length on the growth of Zn dendrite. It was demonstrated that the ionogel electrolyte, prepared from BMIM(OTf) with moderate side chain length, not only suppressed the growth of Zn dendrites effectively and had high ionic conductivity of 1.87 mS/cm, but also had a stable cycle life of 2500 h. The Coulombic efficiency reached 99.30% after 500 cycles and the capacity retention of the full battery was 83.9% after 200 cycles. This work demonstrates the potential application of ionogel electrolytes in the field of high-performance Zn-ion batteries.
  • Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and mechanical properties of F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga/In)
    FENG Jiayu, SHI Xiaobo, LI Shina
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6103-6110. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.012
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    Based on density functional theory (DFT), the electronic structures and mechanical properties of group IIIA binary phosphide F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga/In) are simulated to explore the influence of atomic radius on it. The structure parameters of the relaxed F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga/In) are in agreement with the experimental data. The single crystal independent elastic constants Cij of semiconductor F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga/In) are determined by energy-strain (E-S) and stress-strain (S-S) methods. At 0 GPa, the polycrystalline elastic modulus of the material shows that F43m-XP(X=B/Ga) are brittle covalent compounds, while F43m-XP(X=Al/In) are ductile ionic compounds. Anisotropy factor and Elastic modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson's ratio(σ) in different directions show the degree of anisotropy of the material. The anisotropy of InP is stronger than that of F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga). In addition, the Debye temperature and sound velocities of F43m-XP(X=B/Al/Ga/In) decrease with the increase of atomic radius.
  • Preparation of Cu2O/CeO2 heterojunctions and their photoelectrochemical properties
    HU Dong, HUANG Pengda, ZHAO Qingjiang, LI Tianbao, XU Bingshe
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6111-6120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.013
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    Cu(OH)2 nanowire arrays were grown on the surface of copper sheets by electrochemical method, annealed under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain Cu2O nanowire arrays, and then Cu2O/CeO2 heterojunction photocathode materials were prepared by depositing Cu2O blocking layer and CeO2 on the electrode by electrodeposition method. The material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for its morphology and chemical composition, and by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) and Mott-Schottky plot (M-S) for its photoelectrochemical properties. The results of the experimental data show that the photocurrent density of the Cu2O/CeO2 photocathode reaches -6.55 mA/cm2 at 0V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), which is 1.78 times higher than that of Cu2O (-3.67 mA/cm2). Subsequently, TiO2 was prepared by ALD (atomic layer deposition) as a protective layer and loaded with Pt as a co-catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The final photocurrent density of the Cu2O/CeO2/TiO2/Pt photocathode reached -10.9 mA/cm2 and the applied bias photon-to-current conversion efficiency (ABPE) reached 2.02%. The results of the experiments are of great importance for the wide application of Cu2O-based photocathode materials in the field of photoelectrochemical water splitting.
  • Preparation of PAN based carbon fiber composite concrete and influence of chloride ion permeability
    WEI Jing, ZHANG Hang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6121-6127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.014
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    PAN based carbon fiber composite concrete was prepared with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber as inorganic filler. The effects of the content of PAN based carbon fiber on the mechanical properties, wear resistance and frost resistance of concrete were studied. The results showed that the addition of PAN based carbon fiber accelerated the hydration reaction, reduced the number of pores in the concrete structure, and improved the compactness of concrete. The compressive strength and flexural strength of composite concrete increased first and then decreased with the increase of PAN based carbon fiber doping. After 28 d of curing, when the doping amount of PAN based carbon fiber was 0.8 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength reached the maximum, which were 50.73 and 5.58 MPa respectively. This was because the addition of PAN based carbon fiber increased the bonding strength between mortar and aggregate. After 28 d of curing, when the doping amount of PAN based carbon fiber was 0.8 wt%, the minimum abrasion loss per unit area of composite concrete was 0.95 kg/m2, the maximum reduction rate of abrasion loss per unit area was 55.81%, and the minimum mass loss rate was 1.14%, the maximum relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was 95.03%, the minimum chloride diffusion coefficient of composite concrete is 8.1×10-8 cm/s. It had excellent frost resistance and chlorine ion resistance.
  • Influence of Ni MOF on kinetic properties of RE-Mg based hydrogen storage alloy
    YU Shuo, YONG Hui, LIU Baosheng, YAO Jiwei, XU Xianliu, ZHANG Yanghuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6128-6133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.015
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    A high specific surface and porous Ni MOF was prepared by chemical method. The catalytic effect of Ni MOF with different contents on the hydrogen storage kinetics of Mg90Ce5Y5 alloy was also systematically investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Sievert volumetric methods. The results showed that the addition of Ni MOF substantially improved the ball milling efficiency of Mg90Ce5Y5, and the particle size was reduced to less than half of original samples, which improved kinetics of hydrogen absorption and desorption of the alloy, and effectively reduced the activation energy of hydrogen absorption and desorption of samples. With the addition of 3% Ni MOF, it takes 2 min to absorb 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption at the pressure of 3 MPa and 473 K. It takes only 30 min for complete hydrogen desorption at 573 K, which is 10 times faster than the Mg90Ce5Y5. The activation energy is reduced to 69.1 kJ/mol. However, as the added content increases, the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of the composite is significantly reduced.
  • Study on energy storage characteristics and thermoelectric generation of modified sodium acetatetrihydrate
    CHEN Qiyang, SHENG Xinxin, XU Zhengkai, CHEN Ying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6134-6140. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.016
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    Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) is a solid liquid phase change material that can be used for solar energy photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage. However, the existence of its supercooling leads to the inability to release and utilize the stored latent heat in time. In this work, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DSP) was used as the molecular nucleating agent. When the amount of DSP was 3%, the supercooling of SAT was reduced to 0.4 ℃. The corresponding phase transition enthalpy and thermal conductivity are 226.08 J/g and 0.63 W/(m·K), respectively. The combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high solar absorptance and SAT/DSP heat storage unit leads to a device with solar energy photothermal conversion and thermal energy storage SAT/DSP/CNTs, which realizes solar energy thermoelectric generation. This study provides a feasible and effective method for the utilization of solar energy by sodium acetate trihydrate.
  • Effects of sintering time on electrical properties of ZnO varistor ceramics
    ZHU Qiao, CAO Wenbin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6141-6145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.017
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    The ZnO-Pr6O11-Co2O3-Cr2O3-Er2O3-SiO2varistors were prepared by solid state sintering method. The effect of sintering time on the phase, microstructure, varistor property, and impedance characteristic of the ZnO varistors was studied in detail. The results show that the grain size increases gradually with the continuous increase of sintering time. It was found that the ZnO varistor with the sintering time of 3 h has the best comprehensive performance to provide overvoltage protection for circuit, which has the largest nonlinear coefficient of 16.9, the largest barrier height of grain boundary of 0.37 eV, the breakdown voltage of 384.3 V/mm, the resistivity of grain boundary of 17 400 MΩ·cm, and the lowest leak current of 1 μA, respectively. Also, the existence of the negatively charged Zn1.9SiO4 phase at the grain boundary has an important influence on the formation of duble Schottky barrier between the grains.
  • Preparation and properties of PAN/MXene composite fiber electrode
    CHENG Liyuan, DAI Guoliang, QU Yun, WANG Gang, GUO Yuqing, SUN Jie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6146-6154. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.018
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    Single-layer MXene and polyacrylonitrile powder (PAN) were used as raw materials to prepare spinning solution, and PAN/MXene composite fiber electrode was prepared by wet spinning and high-temperature carbonization. The effects of MXene content on the microstructure, mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties of fiber electrode were investigated. The results show that when the MXene content is 25wt%, the fiber electrode has the best comprehensive performance, with the strength, conductivity and specific capacitance reaching 13.24 MPa, 696.37 S/m and 112.13 F/g, respectively. The capacitance retention rate after 1 000 cycles is 95.83%.
  • Study on preparation and properties of glass fiber composites for building energy saving
    ZHANG Xinying, WANG Xue, CUI Yan, WANG Guanming
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6155-6160. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.019
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    The glass fiber composites were prepared with epoxy resin E51 as the matrix, glass fiber as the reinforcing phase, m-phenylenedia mine as the curing agent and glass fiber doping amount as 0, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt% of the total mass of epoxy resin and curing agent. The effects of different glass fiber dopants on the micro morphology, pore size distribution, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of glass fiber composites were studied. The results showed that the bonding strength between epoxy resin and fiber was improved after adding proper amount of glass fiber, which improved the compactness of glass fiber composite and reduced the average pore diameter, pore volume and pore size. When the doping amount of glass fiber was 15 wt%, the glass fiber composite had the least number of holes and defects, the best bonding strength and density, the minimum pore volume was 0.95 cm3/g, the minimum average pore diameter was 26.3 nm, and the minimum porosity was 0.93%. With the increase of glass fiber doping, the tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural strength of glass fiber composites increased first and then decreased, and the thermal conductivity decreased first and then increased. When the doping amount of glass fiber was 15 wt%, the tensile strength, elongation at break and flexural strength reached the maximum value, which were 45.10 MPa, 1.61% and 39.60 MPa respectively. With the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.021 W/(m·K) and the best thermal insulation performance, it had broad prospects in the development and application of building energy-saving materials.
  • Studyon synthesis and properties of a novel colorimetric probe RCAIM for detection of Cu2+
    SHEN Siping, XU Peipei, ZHANG Kezhen, GUANG Shanyi, XU Hongyao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6161-6166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.020
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    A kind of functional luminescent small molecule probe (RCAIM) was designed and synthesized by using rhodamine B hydrazide as the fluorophore and cyanuric chloride and isophorone as raw materials to modify the main fluorophore. The probe could specifically recognize Cu2+ in ethanol and aqueous solution (v/v=95∶5). When the probe was binded with Cu2+ to form a complex, the color of the solution changed from yellow to red. The results showed that the probe formed a complex with Cu2+ in the form of 1:2 when Cu2+ is added to the probe solution, and the complex showed strong specific absorption at the wavelength of 555 nm. Meanwhile, the study showed that the probe had good specificity, selectivity and anti-interference ability for Cu2+ detection. At the same time, the detection limit of Cu2+ by the probe was 0.9×10-6 mol/L, indicating it had high sensitivity. And the probe could also be used to detect Cu2+ in lake water and tap water samples with high accuracy and reliability. The probe was also prepared into a portable test strip to detect Cu2+ conveniently and quickly.
  • Effect of microwave sintering temperature on microstructure and toughening mechanism of ZrO2 ceramic composites
    LI Yang, LU Hongqiao, ZHOU Ling, OUYANG Lijun, FU Yingxin, WANG Baili
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6167-6171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.021
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    ZrO2 ceramics have the characteristics of high strength and high toughness, and are widely used in dental restorative materials. ZrO2 ceramic composites were prepared with 8 mol% Y2O3 as stabilizer and Al2O3 as additive. The effect of microwave sintering temperature at 1 300-1 450 ℃ on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrO2 ceramic composites was studied. The results showed that the ZrO2 ceramic composites prepared by microwave sintering were tetragonal structure, and no new products appeared after high temperature sintering. The half-peak width of ceramics sintered at 1 400 ℃ was the smallest, the crystallinity was the highest, the number of pores was the smallest, and the microstructure was the densest. With the increase of microwave sintering temperature, the density and hardness of ZrO2 ceramic composites first increased and then decreased. When the microwave sintering temperature was 1 400 ℃, the density and hardness of the samples reached the maximum value, 5.46 g/cm3 and 14.15 GPa respectively. With the increase of microwave sintering temperature, the bending strength and fracture toughness first increased and then decreased. When the microwave sintering temperature was 1 400 ℃, the bending strength and fracture toughness of the sample reached the maximum value, which were 566.95 MPa and 11.85 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The comprehensive analysis shows that the ZrO2 ceramic composite sintered at 1 400 ℃ has high anti-cracking ability and has broad application prospects in the field of dental restorative materials.
    • Process & Technology
  • Effects of annealing and aging processes on microstructure and phase transformation behavior of Ni-rich Ti-Ni shape memory alloys
    HE Zhirong, WANG Fang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6172-6178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.022
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    In order to provide a basis for optimizing the heat treatment process of Ni-rich Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, the effects of annealing and aging processes on the microstructure, phase transformation type, phase transformation temperature and temperature hysteresis of Ni-rich Ti-Ni alloys were investigated by optical microscope, TEM and differential scanning calorimetry with Ti-50.8Ni alloy wire as the object. After annealing at 350~800 ℃ for 5~120 min in Ti-50.8Ni alloy wire, with the increase of annealing temperature and time, the reversion, recrystallization and grain growth of the alloy occur, the recrystallization temperature is about 600 ℃, and the microstructure morphology changes from fibrous to equiaxed. The transformation types of the alloy change from B2→R→B19′/B19′→R→B2 to B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2 to B2→B19′/B19′→B2 (B2-parent phase, CsCl type; R-R phase, rhombohedral; B19′-martensite phase, monoclinic) upon cooling/heating. The R transformation temperature θR increases first and then decreases, and the maximum value 35.2 ℃ is obtained in the alloy annealed at 400 ℃. The martensite (M) transformation temperature θM increases, the temperature hysteresis of M transformation ΔθM decreases, and the temperature hysteresis of R transformation ΔθR is about 4 ℃. After aging at 300-500 ℃ for 0.5-50 h in Ti-50.8Ni alloy, with the increase of annealing temperature and time, the evolution role of the morphology of Ti3Ni4 precipitates is fine particle →needle-shape →plate-shape. The transformation types of the alloys aged at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃ are B2→R→B19′/B19′→R→B2 and B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2, respectively, and the ones of the alloys aged at 400 ℃ change from B2→R→B19′/B19′→R→B2 to B2→R→B19′/B19′→B2. The θR300, θR400, θR500, θM300 and θM500 increase. The θM400 decreases first and then increases, and the minimum value -121.4 ℃ is obtained in the alloy aged at 400 ℃ for 1 h. The ΔθM300 and ΔθM400 increase first and then decrease, and the maximum value 70.5 ℃ and 129.4 ℃ are obtained in the alloys aged at 300 ℃ for 5 h and at 400 ℃ for 1 h, respectively. The ΔθM500 decreases, and the ΔθR300 and ΔθR400 are about 4 ℃.
  • Surface performance analysis of tungsten plasma facing material by shot peening technology
    CHONG Fali, LIAO Kai
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6179-6183. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.023
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    The main influence factors on the service life of plasma facing materials for fusion device are the surface damage and failure. Shot peening technology is used to strengthen the surface performances of tungsten plasma facing materials. The shot peening parameters were as follows: stainless shot with the diameter of 0.5 mm, shot peening pressure of 0.4 MPa, shot peening distance of 100 mm, and the shot peening time of 30, 60, 120 and 240 s. The surface strengthening effects of tungsten were studied in detail, which included micro-morphology, surface roughness, surface hardness and its distribution from the shot peening surface, and surface residual compressive stress. After shot peening, no damage was found on the tungsten surface, and the diameter of the diameter of the shot peening crater was about 20 μm. The tungsten surface roughness was increased compared with the original sample. But the increment is unobvious, and it does not affect the performances of tungsten as plasma facing material. The surface hardness increment of 31% was obtained from about 480 HV0.2 from 362 HV0.2 for the original sample, and the thickness of the hardened zone is about 40-50 μm. The surface residual compressive stress is increased to 800 MPa, which is 5.9 times that of the original tungsten. Therefore, shot peening technology can effectively enhance the surface strength of tungsten plasma facing material, improve the fatigue performance of tungsten and prolong the service lifetime.
  • Synthesis of Al-doped KIT-6 materials and their adsorption properties for methylene blue
    ZHU Zewei, REN Dan, CUI Jinglei, GUO Yanxia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6184-6193. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.024
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    KIT-6 is a typical three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silica, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of catalysis and adsorption. By doping the framework Al to endow the KIT-6 material with acid sites, the adsorption performance of the Al-KIT-6 material for basic dye molecules can be significantly improved. However, it is difficult to controllably synthesize Al-KIT-6 with inorganic silicon and aluminum sources. In this study, a series of Al-KIT-6 materials were directly synthesized by a pH-controlled hydrothermal method with fly ash-based sodium silicate, which can induce Al atoms doping into the KIT-6 silicon framework. The texture properties of Al-KIT-6 were characterized by N2-physical adsorption, XRD, TEM, Al NMR, XPS and NH3-TPD. The results showed that the synthesized Al-KIT-6 material had an ordered mesoporous structure. Al was mainly doped into the framework of KIT-6 material, thereby significantly increasing the acid content and acid strength. The adsorption experiments of the synthesized Al-KIT-6 materials on basic methylene blue molecules showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-KIT-6 materials increased with the increase of Al incorporation. The adsorption kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm model fitting results showed that the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model.
  • Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of chemicalshort-range order on mechanical properties of NiCoCr medium-entropy alloy
    HAO Shikai, LIANG Kai, KANG Heng, PAN Shaopeng, NIU Xiaofeng, QIAO Junwei, SONG Kaikai, WANG Weimin, QIN Jingyu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6194-6200. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.025
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    The effect of chemical short-range order on the mechanical property of NiCoCr medium-entropy alloys (MEA) was investigated via Monte Carlo methods and molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the information entropy of the composition of the crystalline cell, a new parameter expressed by S, was proposed to describe the degree of chemical short-range order in the MEA with the smaller the value the stronger the chemical order of the system. It is found that the average atomic volume and the potential energy decrease with the decrease of S of the MEA, which indicates that stronger chemical short-range order can encourage the structures to be stable. Then, compress simulations were carried out for the NiCoCr MEA, and the yield strength of the model showed an increasing trend with decreasing S. Further studies found that Cr atoms in the MEA are more prone to deform during the compression. It is also demonstrated by the evidence that the atoms with more coordinated Cr atoms are more easily deformed while the atoms with more coordinated Ni or Co atoms tend to deform with more difficulty. It can be found that the mechanical properties of NiCoCr MEAs can be improved by changing the CSRO and reducing the Cr concentration. These findings provide a valuable reference for the experimental preparation of high entropy alloys with better properties.
  • Simple preparation and properties of armored-like superhydrophobic metal surfaces
    DENG Zhongqian, PAN Mengyao, SHEN Yang, WANG Dehui, DENG Xu
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6201-6207. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.026
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    Armor-like superhydrophobic metal surface (ASMS) is prepared by sandblasting the aluminum plate surface to build the armored metal surface, and spraying the mixture of superhydrophobic silica and polyurethane to give the armored surface superhydrophobic performance. The microstructure and wettability of the ASMS were characterized by SEM and dynamic contact angle instrument, respectively. At the same time, the mechanical stability and chemical stability of ASMS were evaluated, and its self-cleaning performance was demonstrated. The results show that the ASMS exhibits a static water contact angle of 164° and a rolling angle of 2°. Subsequently, after mechanical stability tests such as average 3.67 N reciprocating friction and wear cycles for 80 times, tape tearing and wearing cycles for 100 times, and water impact for 50 times, the ASMS was able to maintain superhydrophobic performance, and its contact angle is greater than 150°. At the same time, after chemical stability tests such as immersion in strong acid (pH=2) and strong alkali (pH=12) for 72 h, UV irradiation (1.2 W/m2) for 72 h, and thermal insulation at 200 ℃ for 2 h, ASMS can also maintain superhydrophobic performance, and its contact angle is greater than 160°. The surface preparation in this paper is simple, cheap and easy to batch prepare, which has a wide range of potential applications in the field of large-scale production of superhydrophobic metal materials.
  • Preparation and performance of high thermal conductive phase change microcapsules
    ZHANG Guangping, LI Yuanhong, CHEN Junhao, XIAO Bo, MO Songping, JIA Lisi, CHEN Ying
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6208-6214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.027
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    Electroless copper plating was carried out using sodium hypophosphite as red,,ucing agent for phase change microcapsules with polyurea-polyurethane shell activated by polydopamine, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of phase change microcapsules. Morphology of the microcapsules were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystal structure and elements of the microcapsules were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray optoelectronics spectrum (XPS). The results show that the amount of copper plating on the surface of the microcapsules increased with the increase of the concentration of the CuSO4 · 5H2O solution when the concentration of dopamine hydrochloric acid was 6 g/L. The thermal reliability of the copper plated microcapsules was demonstrated by the heating-cooling cycling test. The melting enthalpy of the Cu coated microcapsules decreased by only 4.97 J/g after 200 cycles. The thermal conductivity of the microcapsules was tested by Hot Disk thermal constant analyzer. The maximum thermal conductivity of the Cu coated microcapsules was increased by 40.14% compared with the that of the microcapsules without Cu coating, indicating that the thermal conductivity of the microcapsules was enhanced by Cu coating. The Cu coated microcapsules were applied to the thermal management of Li-ion battery. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface temperature of the Li-ion battery with high thermal conductive microcapsules for thermal management was reduced by 13.5 ℃ when the battery was charged at a rate of 2 C.
  • Microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg2(Sn, Si) films containing metal Mg phase
    RAN Liyang, SONG Guihong, CHEN Yu, YANG Shuang, HU Fang, WU Yusheng, YOU Junhua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6215-6223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.028
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    Mg-Sn-Si films with different metal Mg contents were prepared on single crystal Si(100) substrate containing 500 nm thick silicon oxide by alternately sputtering using Mg-Sn-Si alloy target and pure Mg target, respectively. The phase composition, chemical composition, surface and cross section morphology and thermoelectric properties of the deposited Mg-Sn-Si films were systematically measured, observed and analyzed. The results show that the prepared Mg-Sn-Si film consists of Mg2(Sn,Si) solid solution and metal Mg phase. With the increase of metal Mg phase content in deposited films, the carrier concentration increases and the mobility decreases at room temperature. With increasing metal Mg phase content in deposited films, the electrical conductivity increases and the Seebeck coefficient decreases in the range of measured temperature. The power factor decreases with increasing metal Mg phase content due to rapidly decreasing of the Seebeck coefficient even if the electrical conductivity increases. In the range of the metal Mg content in the work, it is unfavorable to improve the power factor that Mg2(Sn,Si) solid solution films contain some metal Mg phase.
  • Preparation and photoelectric properties of rare earth doped quantum dots for solar cells
    PAN Jing, SU Lijun, DU Liyong, GUAN Xin, ZHANG Guanghua, AGBOLAGHI Samira
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6224-6229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.029
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    ZnO quantum dots with different Eu-doped concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mol/L) were prepared based on hydrothermal and spin-coating methods. Photoanode films were prepared on the basis of Eu-doped ZnO quantum dots, and quantum dot sensitized solar cells were prepared as photoanodes. The effects of Eu-doped concentration on the morphology, crystal structure, spectral properties and photoelectric properties of ZnO films were studied. The results showed that Eu-doped ZnO nanorods prepared by hydrothermal method belong to hexagonal wurtzite structure. Eu-doped ZnO nanorods did not produce new products, but refined the diameter of ZnO nanorod array, with a diameter distribution of 45~60 nm and a height of about 1.2 μm. The orientation and uniformity of ZnO nanorods had been improved. Eu doping reduced the band gap width of ZnO, reduced the photoluminescence intensity of ZnO, and improved the separation ability of electron pairs. When the concentration of Eu doping was 0.10 mol/L, the minimum band gap width of ZnO was 3.09, and the photoluminescence intensity was the lowest. The doping of Eu improved the photoelectric performance of the quantum dot sensitized solar cell assembled based on ZnO as the counter electrode. When the concentration of Eu doping was 0.10 mol/L, the photoelectric conversion efficiency could reach 4.03%, the charge transfer impedance of the counter electrode was 1.38 Ω, the exchange current density of the counter electrode was 9.92 mA/cm2, and the photoelectric performance was the best.
  • Study on preparation and properties of green concrete with iron tailings
    LI Zhiyuan, CHEN Feng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(6): 6230-6236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.06.030
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    Using C40 waste concrete as recycled aggregate, green concrete with different replacement rates of iron tailings was prepared. The effects of the proportion of iron tailings on the mechanical properties, microscopic morphology and durability of green concrete were studied. The results showed that iron tailing sand had potential pozzolanic activity and didn’t generate new hydration products when added to concrete, but promoted the consumption of cement clinker, accelerated the generation of hydration products, improved the morphology of transition zone and the density of hydration products, and improved the distribution uniformity of C-S-H gel. With the increase of replacement rate of iron tailings, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of green concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the replacement rate of iron tailings was 60%, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength of green concrete reached the maximum value, which was 43.10, 5.52 and 3.66 MPa, respectively. With the curing period of 28 d, when the replacement rate of iron tailings was 60%, the minimum carbonation depth of green concrete was 5.2 mm, and the minimum chloride diffusion coefficient was 1.18×10-8 cm2/s, the minimum shrinkage was -0.207%, showing excellent durability. Comprehensive analysis shows that the best proportion of iron tailings replacement rate is 60%.
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