28 February 2023, Volume 54 Issue 2

    

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Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fundin 2022)
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  Secondary repair characteristics and mechanism of cement matrix intermixed with self-healing microcapsules

  WANG Xingang, ZHANG Xuanzhe, ZOU Fubing, ZHU Jielu

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2001-2005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.001

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  Cement matrix intermixed with microcapsules were taken as the research objects. Micromorphology, particle characteristics and repair characteristics were characterized by ESEM, LA and LSM, respectively. The recovery rate of strength was utilized to characterize the ability of secondary repair. The result shows that there are average holes in the wall of the slow-release microcapsules with the characteristics of slow release and multiple release. The surface of ordinary microcapsules with the characteristics of rapid release and rupture release is rough and easy to rupture. The application of hybrid microcapsules to cement-based materials can complement advantages of the two kinds of microcapsules. As a consequence, primary strength recovery rate of cement matrix intermixed with microcapsules was 28.72 % higher than that of single-doped slow-release microcapsules, and the secondary strength recovery rate was 252.34 % higher than that of single-doped ordinary microcapsules. Cement matrix intermixed with self-healing microcapsules has the ability of rapid repair and can achieve secondary repair. The secondary repair was mainly slow-release microcapsules.
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  Influence of the position of Gr on fluorescence quenching efficiency of SY

  YUAN Xiaoya, YU Lixin, LIU Yuhan, LENG Chongqian, HUANG Depin, SHAO Li, NIE Changbin, WEI Dapeng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2006-2011. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.002

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  Fluorescence quenching is widely used in biological detection, environmental detection, and heavy metal detection. Previous studies have shown that Gr is an effective fluorescence quencher which can quench various organic dye coatings. In this paper, the super yellow light-emitting PPV copolymer (super yellow, SY) was used as the fluorescent dye. We study the effect of the position of Gr layers on the fluorescence quenching by preparing four different stacked structures and analyze the quenching mechanism. The results show that the Gr/SY/Gr structure has the best fluorescence quenching efficiency, and the quenching mechanism is dynamic quenching based on electron transfer. This study promotes the application of Gr in biosensors, bioluminescent labeling, environmental pollution detection and other fields.
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  Research progress on improving high-temperature stability of electrode/electrolyte interface of lithium-ion batteries

  YANG Kerong, ZHANG Jingjing, DONG Hong, WANG Jie, SUN Jinglong, LI Shiyou

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2012-2017. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.003

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  The electrode/electrolyte interface is a key factor restricting the high specific energy and electrochemical stability of lithium-ion batteries, and its high-temperature stability has an important influence on the electrochemical performance of batteries. This paper reviews the research progress of the improvement for high-temperature stability of lithium-ion batteries in recent years. The main effects of high temperature environment on electrodes and electrolyte of lithium-ion battery were introduced. From the perspective of electrolyte composition, how to design the electrode/electrolyte interface film which is stable at high temperature was analyzed, so as to effectively improve the high-temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries. Finally, the future development and research direction of high-temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries were prospected.
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  Research progress of new interconnect materials used for solid oxide fuel cell

  CHENG Qiang, HAN Dong, SHI Jing, ZHENG Lili, XU Bin, SUN Mingyue

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2018-2025. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.004

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  Interconnect is a critical component in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). There is urgent demand to develop interconnect with high performance for SOFC stack commercialization. As the working temperature of SOFC decreasing to intermediate temperature (<800 ℃), high temperature oxidation resistant alloys instead of doped lanthanum chromite (LaCrO₃) ceramic become promising candidate. Besides, to optimize the utilized performance of interconnect, a variety of conductive/protective coatings as well as advanced composites are studied. The present paper provided a critical review of the recent progress of interconnect materials for SOFC. For comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of interconnect materials and coatings, the recent progress of newly developed interconnect materials were highlighted. Finally, the outlook of interconnect materials were outlined.
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  Research progress of multiferroicity in perovskite metal-organic frameworks

  XU Xingliang, WANG Chenyu, LI Xing'ao

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2026-2035. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.005

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  Perovskite metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as potential candidates for multifunctional magnetoelectric materials and long been of interest both for their interesting fundamental physics and for potential applications. This article reviews the research progress and applications of perovskite multiferroics with general formula ABX₃, where A, B and X represent monovalent cation (such as an alkali metal or protonated amine), divalent metal cation, and organic anion, respectively. The investigation of multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling effect in perovskite MOFs was discussed. Future development and application of MOFs were prospected. One ABX₃-type MOFs was suggested for storage unit in novel magnetoelectric memory.
Review & Advance
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  Research progress of polyvinyl alcohol conductive hydrogel enhancers

  YIN Fuqiang, XU Xiao, LI Zhaochun

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2036-2042. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.006

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  polyvinyl alcohol is a widely used water-soluble material, which can form hydrogels through crosslinking. Polyvinyl alcohol conductive hydrogel has good hydrophilicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, high crystallinity and the feasibility of mixing with nano cellulose. Polyvinyl alcohol conductive hydrogel also has good conductivity, which makes it have a wide application prospect in biomedicine, flexible sensing and other fields. This paper reviews the latest development of polyvinyl alcohol conductive hydrogels in the field of flexible sensing, with emphasis on conductive fillers and enhancers, including polymer crosslinking, nanocomposites, glycerol and ethylene glycol. The mechanical and electrical properties of this kind of hydrogel are further introduced. Finally, the challenges and future prospects of PVA hydrogel in the field of flexible sensing are discussed.
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  Research progress on the preparation and application of superhydrophobic surfaces

  YOU Hang, PENG Yi

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2043-2054. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.007

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  In recent years, inspired by natural animals and plants, more and more researchers have designed and prepared a large number of bionic superhydrophobic surfaces. Superhydrophobic surface refers to the surface where the contact angle of the water droplet is greater than 150° and the rolling angle is less than 10°. Superhydrophobic surfaces with corrosion resistance, anti-ice, oil-water separation, self-cleaning and other properties have great value and were widely used in many fields. Scholars all over the word have studied the preparation and application of superhydrophobic surfaces. Efficient preparation methods and continuous superhydrophobic properties have become research hotspots and important development directions. After a brief review of the superhydrophobic theoretical model, the researches summarized and classified in detail according to the preparation method and application of superhydrophobic surface, and put forward the prospects for the future development as well.
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  Research progress on the application of black phosphorus in ion batteries

  YUAN Tianheng, LIU Lei, HU Fangzheng, WANG Zhiyan, WANG Yatao, LI Jianhua, ZU Lei, CUI Xuemei, JIA Weiyi, LIAN Huiqin, CUI Xiuguo

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2055-2063. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.008

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  Black Phosphorus has a unique two-dimensional layered folded structure, with unique advantages such as large theoretical capacity, high carrier mobility, low redox potential, anisotropic structure, and adjustable band gap. It has broad application prospects in the fields of energy storage, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and cancer targeted therapy. Especially in the field of electrochemical energy storage, because of its high theoretical specific capacity of 2 596 mAh/g, it has been widely used as anode material for lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, and it is an ideal anode material for rechargeable batteries. A comprehensive understanding of the progress in the application of black phosphorus in the field of ion batteries, aiming to lay the foundation for the subsequent structural design of black phosphorus and pave the way for the vigorous development of the energy storage field.
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  Review on preparation and solidification of alkane phase-change microcapsules

  WANG Huichang, JIA Lisi, CHEN Ying, MO Songping, ZHONG Kai

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2064-2071. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.009

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  Alkane phase-change microcapsules have unique properties, such as chemical and thermal stability, high latent heat storage density and suitable phase change temperature, which greatly promote their application in new energy utilization, heat dissipation technology and building energy-saving technology. The roles that alkane phase-change microcapsules play in enhancing the energy storage and heat transfer performance are closely related to their solidification process. This paper mainly introduces the solidification performance of alkane phase-change microcapsules, systematically discusses the control factors and mechanisms contributing to the microcapsule solidification, and points out that achieving the homogeneity in geometric and chemical structures of the microcapsules is an important prerequisite for exploring the nucleation mechanisms and factors influencing the solidification of alkane phase-change microcapsules.
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  Research progress of lithium ion sieve adsorption materials

  DUAN Manhua, CHENG Dan, GAO Qian, XIAO Wei, YANG Zhanxu

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2072-2081. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.010

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  Lithium is an indispensable energy metal in the age of science and technology. The green and efficient development of lithium resources is the key to ensure the healthy development of related industries. With the development of science and technology, a large number of solid lithium resources such as lithium ore are gradually exhausted due to continuous mining and excavation, and liquid lithium resources with large reserves have gradually become the focus of attention. In recent years, researchers have explored a variety of methods to extract lithium from liquid lithium resources such as Li⁺-rich salt lake brines and seawater. Compared with other methods, the adsorption method shows a superior development prospect because of its advantages of no pollution, simple process and recyclability. In this paper, the research progress of lithium ion sieves for lithium extraction by adsorption methods at home and abroad in recent years is reviewed. The chemical structure of manganese based lithium ion sieve and titanium based ion sieve adsorbent, the mechanism of ion embedding/deinterlacing, the preparation method, the doping modification process and different molding technologies are mainly introduced. The future research focus and development direction of manganese-based lithium ion sieve and titanium-based lithium ion sieve adsorbent are further expounded.
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  Research progress of carbon quantum dots in the field of wastewater treatment

  GUO Bosen, WANG Wenda, ZHAO Hang, ZHAN Peiying, LUO Weihua

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2082-2090. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.011

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  In recent years, due to the rapid development of economy, a large number of pollutants have been produced, causing extremely serious harm to the environment. Among them, waste water has affected human life and health through various channels, but has not been effectively solved. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a new type of nanocarbon materials with unique fluorescence properties, have the characteristics of low cost and environmental friendliness, among which the low toxicity and fluorescence characteristics can be used in the field of wastewater treatment. Therefore, this paper first introduces the common preparation methods of carbon quantum dots, and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, the latest application of carbon quantum dots as a catalyst for the degradation of various pollutants in wastewater, the preparation of composite film for the adsorption of heavy metals and organic dyes in wastewater, and as a sensor for the monitoring of toxic ions in wastewater are introduced. Finally, the shortcomings of carbon quantum dots in wastewater treatment are summarized, and the opportunities and challenges that carbon quantum dots will face in the future are proposed.
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  Application of graphene in interface modification of solid state batteries

  GUO Xiaodong, LIU Peng, YANG Xianfeng, HE Hao, MAO Weiguo

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2091-2099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.012

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  The all-solid-state lithium battery has the advantages of high safety and reliability, high energy density, long cycle life, wide electrochemical window, and good high temperature adaptability. However, the main bottleneck restricting its practical application lies in the interface between the electrode and the solid electrolyte, such as Li dendrites and volume expansion in the anode interface region, as well as structural changes, space charge layer and side reactions in the cathode interface region. Graphene is widely used in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to its special 2D structure, excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In this paper, the authors review the research progress on the modification of electrode/solid electrolyte interface with graphene, and prospect the application of graphene in solid-state batteries.
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  Current research status and application of luminescent fibers

  ZHANG Zhihao, YANG Xue, XIN Binjie

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2100-2108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.013

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  With the worsening of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the research and application of luminescent fiber have attracted the attention of many researchers. Luminescent fiber not only has good mechanical properties of ordinary fiber, but also has many excellent properties, such as luminescence, environmental friendliness, biocompatibility, anti-aging, and sustainable luminescence. Luminescent fiber is mainly divided into fluorescent fiber and noctilucent fiber, and noctilucent fiber can be further divided into spontaneous fiber and optical storage fiber. Luminescent fibers emit light by absorbing external energy, storing energy and emitting photons in a recurring process. The use of luminescent fiber can alleviate the problem of resource shortage and meet the demand of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. In this paper, the classification, luminescence mechanism, preparation method and application of luminescent fibers were reviewed and summarized, in order to provide theoretical support for further study of luminescent fibers.
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  Research progress on ion conductivity and electrode interface of garnet Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ solid electrolyte

  TENG Yanan, LIU Huan, XU Wei, BAI Jie, LI Chunping

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2109-2122. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.014

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  Garnet-type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) solid electrolytes have become the key materials for solid-state lithium batteries due to their high safety and stability to lithium metal. However, the practical application of LLZO based solid-state batteries is limited by the problems of the conductivity of garnet solid electrolyte ions and the high interface resistance caused by poor solid-solid interface contact. From the perspective of garnet LLZO structure, this paper discusses the lithium ion transport mechanism and reviews the strategies and latest achievements to improve ion conductivity. Aiming at the unavoidable interface problems of solid-state lithium batteries, the specific methods of optimizing the interface are summarized from the contact between the LLZO solid-state electrolytes and the solid-state electrodes. Finally, future research directions for garnet-type solid electrolytes are proposed to promote their development and application in all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Research & Development
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  First-principles calculations of the magnetic and electronic structure of Co₂MnSi_1-xZ_x (Z=B, P, As) Heusler alloys

  LI Getian, XIA Zhonghao, MA Xingqiao

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2123-2128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.015

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  In this paper, the band structure and spin polarization of Co₂MnSi_1-xZ_x (Z=B, P, As) Heusler alloys are studied by first principles calculations. It is also demonstrated that the substitution of Si by other elements Z with different valence electrons can control the movement of Fermi level in the band gap. At the same time, the lattice parameters have a near-linear variation with the concentration x of the Z element, and the band structures of these alloys have similar characteristics. The magnetic moments of different compounds show a linear trend with the number of valence electrons, which is consistent with the Slater-Pauling behavior. The calculated results show that the Co₂MnSi_1-xP_x and Co₂MnSi_1-xAs_x alloys have better electronic properties and higher spin polarization when x=0.125.
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  Microstructure and phase analysis of Co-Cr-Fe-Ni-Sn high entropy alloys

  LI Wei, XIONG Kai, ZHANG Shunmeng, SUN Zepeng, MAO Yong, GUO Jinxin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2129-2133. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.016

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  In this paper, five high-entropy alloys, CoCrFeNiSn, Co_0.5CrFeNiSn, CoCr_0.5FeNiSn, CoCrFe_0.5NiSn and CoCrFeNi_0.5Sn, were designed and prepared by adding Sn element and changing the content of each element based on CoCrFeNi alloy. Among them, CoCrFeNiSn, Co_0.5CrFeNiSn, CoCr_0.5FeNiSn and CoCrFe_0.5NiSn alloys are composed of FCC phase (black phase) and hexagonal phase (gray phase), and eutectic structure appears in these alloys, especially for CoCrFe_0.5NiSn alloy. The CoCrFeNi_0.5Sn alloy is composed of FCC (face-centered cubic) phase (black phase) and tetragonal phase (gray phase), and no eutectic structure is observed. By observing the change of eutectic structure volume, it is found that the reduction of Fe element is beneficial to the formation of eutectic structure, and the reduction of Ni element is not conducive. The results of EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis showed that Ni and Sn are segregated in the gray phase, and Co, Cr and Fe are segregated in the black phase. In addition, when the content ratio of Ni and Sn in the gray phase is in the range of 1.15 to 1.25, it is favorable for the formation of the hexagonal phase, otherwise the gray phase tends to form the tetragonal phase. This paper has certain reference and guiding significance for the design and development of eutectic high-entropy alloys with HCP structure.
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  The nonlinear conductivity of oxidized carbon nanotubes/PEI compositematerial

  YANG Luxi, WANG Haoyuan, YANG Ke, LI Hengfeng

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2134-2139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.017

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  A nonlinear conductive composite with a low percolation threshold was successfully prepared by using high-aspect-ratio oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ox-MWCNTs), which were prepared by mixed acid reflux method, as fillers. A series of (Ox-MWCNTs)/polyetherimide (PEI) composites were prepared by blade coating. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructure of (Ox-MWCNTs). The effect of filler content on nonlinear conductive characteristics and dielectric properties of the composite films were studied. The experimental results show that when the content of Ox-MWCNTs was only 3%, the composite material already exhibited remarkable nonlinear conductivity with a nonlinear coefficient of 6.2. At the same time, under the premise of maintaining low dielectric loss, the dielectric constant of the composite with 3% filler content was also increased from 6.04 to 14.56.
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  Study on the corrosion resistance of microcapsules self-healing concrete under corrosive environment of saline soil

  LIU Shuping, ZHANG Rongling, DOU Xiaozheng , DUAN Yawei , ZHAO Dongdong , CHEN Dongliang

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2140-2145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.018

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  In order to ensure the service life of concrete in the saline soil area, different from the previous self-healing materials, a microcapsule that can sense external corrosion ions and release internal repair agents is synthesized, and the decomposition rate of the initiator is controlled by the synthesis temperature variable to obtain microcapsules with different parcel rates. The microcapsules with good wrapping rate and corrosion ion response ability were selected and incorporated into the concrete to obtain concrete with self-healing function. The amount of microcapsule doping was changed to test the dynamic elastic modulus and corrosion resistance of concrete. The results show that the microcapsule wrapping rate at an ambient temperature of 75 ℃ is better than that of 65 ℃ and 85 ℃. Under the corrosion of the dry and wet cycle of saline soil-sulfate, the modulus of concrete components showed a trend of first rising and then falling. The modulus of concrete without microcapsules dropped rapidly after 20 dry and wet cycles. More sulfates were invaded into the interior of the concrete mixed with microcapsules after 40 dry and wet cycles, and the self-repairing concrete mixed in this test has good resistance to sulfate erosion, which is of great reference significance for building structures to cope with sulfate corrosion in actual projects.
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  Ultralow frequency band gaps of flexural wave in metamaterial bipanel

  XIAO Weimin, LI Yuxin, HU Wencheng, LI Xianhui, NIE Jingkai, SHI Lei, ZHANG Xiao, ZHAO Huanyu

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2146-2152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.019

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  For the locally resonant metamaterial bipanels, the effects of geometric parameters and component material parameters on the flexural wave band gap were investigated by using the finite element method (FEM). According to the optimized parameters, a flexural wave bandgap of the ABSPMMA polymer bipanels with the steel mass blocks is obtained in the range of 54 Hz to 65 Hz at a sub-wavelength size. Based on the established equivalent spring-mass system of metamaterial bipanels, we calculate the equivalent dynamic mass and thus get the frequency range with negative density which is in good agreement with the flexural wave bandgap, while elaborating bandgap mechanism with resance block. Considering the sound insulation performance of the bipanels, the maximum values of sound transmission loss (STL) can be achieved at the frequency 57 Hz of bandgap domain for different acoustic-wave incident angles. It is shown that the original metamaterial panels can carry out the controlling vibration and noise reduction in ultralow frequency range to posses wide potential application in the engineering field.
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  Preparation and mechanical properties of graphene oxide modified cement-based grouting materials

  CHENG Siyuan, CHEN Daiguo, GU Wei

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2153-2158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.020

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  Graphene oxide has excellent physical and chemical properties due to its large specific surface area and lamellar structure. In order to obtain high-performance cement-based grouting materials, modified cement-based grouting materials were prepared by introducing graphene oxide with different doping amounts (0.00, 0.02 wt%, 0.04 wt% and 0.06 wt%). XRD, SEM, FT-IR and mechanical property tests were used to analyze the influence of doping amount of graphene oxide on the crystal structure, mechanical properties and self shrinkage properties of modified cement-based grouting materials. The results showed that the doping of graphene oxide accelerated the hydration reaction, increased the formation rate of Ca (OH)₂, reduced the number of cracks and increased the structural compactness. When the doping amount of graphene oxide was 0.04 wt%, the compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength at 28 d reached the maximum, which were 59.80, 14.70 and 1.89 MPa respectively. All grouting materials shrank rapidly in the early stage of hydration, and the shrinkage amount entered the "platform period" after 20 h. With the increase of the doping amount of graphene oxide, the self shrinkage inhibition effect of the modified grouting materials first increased and then decreased, and when the doping amount of graphene oxide was 0.04 wt%, the self shrinkage of the modified grouting material was the smallest.
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  Effect of ZnO content on electrical contact properties of AgCuOIn₂O₃SnO₂ZnO materials

  TENG Wensong, ZHOU Xiaolong, HU Chen, YU Jie, LIU Manmen, WANG Lihui

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2159-2166. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.021

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  In this experiment, four kinds of AgCuO(10)In₂O₃(2)SnO₂(2)ZnO (x), (x=0.5, 1, 1.5, 1.8) electrical contact materials with different ZnO contents were prepared by in-situ reaction synthesis method and made into electrical contact rivets. By means of XRD, SEM, JR04C contact tester and other tests, the effect of ZnO content on the electrical contact properties of the material was analyzed by XRD, SEM and JR04C contact tester. The results show that the arc erosion phenomenon is more obvious when the current and voltage increase simultaneously. The ZnO content has different effects on contact resistance, fusion welding force, anode loss and material transfer. As the ZnO content increases, the anode loss and mass transfer quality tend to decrease and then increase, but the effect of ZnO content on arc energy is not obvious. The surface of the anode forms a pit and the surface of the cathode forms a convex peak after arc erosion, and the erosion area and erosion shape of the anode surface are slightly different depending on the ZnO content. It is found that the addition of a certain amount of ZnO improves the electrical contact performance of the AgCuO(10)In2O3(2)SnO2(2) material.
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  Microcrystalline graphite modified as lithium-ion battery anode material

  ZHOU Qi, WEN Bo, XIE Zhiyong

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2167-2173. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.022

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  Microcrystalline graphite has the disadvantages of poor processability and low initial effect. For that reason, the microcrystalline graphite was modified by high temperature graphitization, carbonization and coating and the ultrahigh molecular carboxymethyl cellulose lithium-ion (CMC) was introduced as dispersant for anode slurry at the same time. Compared with the microcrystalline graphite before modification, the processability and electrochemical performance were greatly improved. The physical properties was characterized by laser particle size analyzer. The structure and surface morphology of microcrystalline graphite was analyzed by SEM. The processability of the material was characterized by the viscosity change of the sample slurry. The electrochemical properties of the samples was tested by means of coin cells. The results showed that the initial efficiency of microcrystalline graphite after graphitization increased from 64.2% to 87.1% and the ratio capacity increased from 275.2 mAh/g to 343.3 mAh/g. The anode slurry of microcrystalline graphite after coating exhibited better stability without no obvious settlement. Besides, the ratio capacity of the microcrystalline graphite after coating increased to 394 mAh/g. After the introduction of the ultra-high molecular CMC, the stability of slurry was ensured and rate performance of cell was obviously improved as a result.
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  Effect of binary mixedsurfactants on thermophysical properties of nanofluids

  SHI Yue, MA Xiuqin, YANG Bin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2174-2181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.023

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  Zinc oxide nanofluids with binary mixed surfactants were prepared by two-step method. The volume concentration of the nanoparticles was 0.398%-2.292%. The ZnO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and TEM. The stability of the nanofluids was analyzed by absorbance and sedimentation methods. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the prepared fluids were studied at 15 ℃-55 ℃, and the nanofluids with a single surfactant were added for comparison. The experimental results show that the stability of SDS/CTAB nanofluids is better. The thermal conductivity of nanofluids increases with the increase of temperature and the volume concentration of nanoparticles. At 55 ℃, the thermal conductivity of 2.292% nanofluids increases by 38%, and the enhancement of thermal conductivity is significantly better than that of single surfactant. The viscosity of nanofluids decreases gradually with the increase of temperature and the volume concentration of nanoparticles, and the minimum viscosity was 0.645 mPa·s at 55 ℃ and 2.292%. Compared with a single surfactant, it can effectively reduce the viscosity of nanofluids. The addition of SDS/CTAB has a positive effect on reducing the viscosity of nanofluids.
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  Preparation and properties of polyaniline-based PVA/Paam multi-network hydrogel doped with hydrochloric acid

  WU Yuannan, LI Dawei, LIU Xin, CHEN Chen, QIU Haifen, ZHU Guisheng, TAO Yulun

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2182-2188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.024

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  In this experiment, polyaniline was doped with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, and polyaniline was grown on the PVA/Paam composite multi-network hydrogel by in-situ polymerization. Chemical properties, pressure sensitive properties and photosensitive properties of the composite multi-network hydrogel at the optimal doping concentration were investigated. The polyaniline powder was characterized by FT-IR spectrum, UV spectrum, SEM and XRD. The performance of the composite multi-network hydrogel was tested by charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry test, chronoamperometry, potentiometric dissolution analysis method, and different wavelengths of monochromatic light irradiation. In the electrochemical test, it was determined that when the doping concentration of hydrochloric acid was 0.5 mol/L, the electrochemical performance of the multi-network hydrogel supercapacitor was the best, the charging and discharging time was the longest, and the area specific capacitance was 412.5 mF/cm². In the pressure sensitive performance test, I-T and V-T curves with obvious peaks were obtained, and the amplitude and period of the peak shape corresponded to the exercise intensity and frequency one-to-one. In the photosensitivity test, it was determined that the multi-network hydrogel had the best photosensitivity when doped with 0.35 mol/L hydrochloric acid. It shows that the prepared hydrogel has good electrochemical properties, pressure-sensitive properties and photosensitivity properties at the same time, and has broad prospects in the application of supercapacitors, photosensitive materials and sensors.
Process & Technology
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  Preparation and Properties of VPEG-slump-retention type polycarboxylate superplasticizer

  ZHOU Jun, YANG Rui, WANG Zhiyang, XIE Guiming

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2189-2196. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.025

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  A VPEG-slump-retention type polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE-ZZ) was synthesized by free radical polymerization using 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl polyoxyethylene ether (VPEG) as the macro-monomer, acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) as the co-monomers and thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the chain transfer agent under the H₂O₂/Vitamin C (V_C) oxidation-reductioninitiator system. The water-reducing admixture (PCE-1) was prepared by compound of PCE-ZZ and ordinary water reducer, and compared with the commercial water-reducing admixture (PCE-2). The influences of PCE-1 and PCE-2 on the surface tension, bubble height, fluidity of cement slurry, compressive strength of cement test blocks, and the hydration process of cement were investigated, respectively. The results showed that the optimal synthesis process of PCE-ZZ as follows: n(AA)∶n(HEA)∶n(VPEG)=1∶2.5∶1, the content of chain transfer agent and H₂O₂ were 0.4 wt% of the mass of the VPEG, the molecular weight of VPEG was 3 000, and the dropping time of A and B were 60 minutes. Compared with PCE-2, PCE-1 had better workability and slump-retention. Furthermore, the delayed effect of PCE-1 on the hydration process of cement was stronger than that of PCE-2, which can better promote the close arrangement of cement hydration products and further improve the compressive strength of cement test blocks.
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  Study on sulfate resistance of alkali-activated cementitious materials in binary system

  ZHANG Jielin, MEI Junpeng, LI Hainan, LI Yunong, DONG Chong, WANG Zhixin

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2197-2203. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.026

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  Fly ash, slag powder, and metakaolin were used as the main raw materials to prepare the binary alkali-activated cementitious materials, and the compound alkali-activated cementitious materials with different proportions were corroded in 5% (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution for 120 days by different immersion methods. The preparation scheme was optimized by measuring its mechanical properties. Then scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the erosion mechanism of different ratios. Results show that the optimal ratio of fly ash-slag powder (FA-SP) is 2:3, and the strength loss is serious under semi-immersion with a large number of cracks and salt crystal. The optimal ratio of metakaolin-slag powder (MK-SP) is 1:1, which has stable structure, unapparent difference in appearance between the semi-immersed group and the full-immersed group. It has good resistance to sulfate corrosion and less erosive by NH⁺₄.
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  Analysis of electrothermal and fracture properties of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber asphalt mixtures

  WEN Shuangshou, LUAN Liqiang, YU Hede

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2204-2210. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.027

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  In order to solve the safety problem of snow and ice on the road in winter, and at the same time to make up for the excessive amount of carbon fiber agglomeration defects, carbon nanotubes-carbon fiber preparation of conductive asphalt mixture, electrical heating and fracture test, analysis of carbon nanotubes in different doping levels of asphalt mixture electrical heating and fracture resistance were conducted. The results show that carbon nanotubes/carbon fiber asphalt mixture resistivity exponential function decreases with the increase of carbon nanotubes doping. When the amount of carbon nanotubes is 0.5%, the heating effect is the best, and it only takes 5 min for the mixture to rise from -10 ℃ to 0 ℃. The heating effect is improved by 37.5% in time. The appropriate amount of carbon nanotubes can improve the cracking strength and bending and tensile strain of the asphalt mixture, and enhance its toughness, macroscopically showing better resistance to crack expansion.
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  Study on welding mechanical properties of solid solution stated GH925 alloy and Inconel 625 alloy

  ZHANG Yubi, YANG Xiaoliang, ZHAO Chenxu, ZHANG Xuanyang

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2211-2216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.028

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  The effects of welding current and pass interval (T=1~2 s) on the microstructure, precipitates and mechanical properties of GH925 alloy cylindrical lap welding were studied by argon shielded welding (MIG) and 625 special welding wire. The research shows that the welded joint with good fusion can be obtained by using 625 special welding wire for solid solution aged GH925 alloy, and the maximum tensile strength of the joint is 830 MPa, which is 1.15 times of the tensile strength of the welding wire. The microstructure of weld zone is austenite γ phase and dispersed precipitation δ phase. When the welding current is 50 A, the weld zone is mainly plane crystal precipitation, and the phenomenon of grain boundary multilateralization appears. When the welding current is 65 A, the weld is cellular structure. When the welding current is 65 A and 80 A, it appears at 2-3 mm near the base metal side of the fusion line the δ banded violent precipitation zone, and it is related to the δ precipitation temperature range. Energy spectrum analysis shows that the precipitate δ is not a strictly stoichiometric compound, but a solid solution (NiFeCr) complex compound. The additional pass interval time T is beneficial to obtain the weld structure with better mechanical properties.
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  Influence of Smelement on kinetic properties of Ti-Fe-Mn hydrogen storage alloy

  YONG Hui, YAO Jiwei, XU Xianliu, LIU Baosheng, HU Jifan

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2217-2223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.029

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  As-cast Ti₁Sm_xFe_0.8Mn_0.2 (x=0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08) hydrogen storage alloys were successful prepared by vacuum induction smelting technology, and the effect of the Sm elements on the phase composition, microstructure, and the de/hydrogenation kinetic performance were systematacially studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Sievert isometric method. The results showed that the doping of Sm can not only promote the formation of TiFeH₂ phase, but also inhibit the appearance of TiFe₂ phase, which is beneficial to improve the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy. Besides, the doping of Sm can effectively improve the activation properties of the alloy, and greatly reduce the activation latency. Meanwhile, it also improves the de/hydrogenation kinetic performance and effectively reduces the activation energy of hydrogen absorption and desorption. When x=0.08, the activation energy of hydrogen absorption and desorption is -6.8 kJ/mol and 48.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
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  Mechanical properties and mechanism of metakaolin geopolymer for cementing improved by epoxy resin

  LI Ming, GUO Cen, HUANG Kun, LIU Cheng, CHEN Rui

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2224-2230. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.030

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  The improvement effect of epoxy resin on the mechanical properties of metakaolin geopolymer was investigated for the problem of strong brittleness of metakaolin geopolymer. According to the findings, the metakaolin geopolymer's 7 d compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength were all raised by 40%, 36%, and 28%, respectively, when epoxy resin concentration was 2% of the mass fraction of metakaolin. XRD, FTIR, MIP and SEM/EDS tests were performed on epoxy/metakaolin geopolymer. The results show that the epoxy resin can be uniformly dispersed in the metakaolin geopolymer to fill the pore space and optimize the pore structure. The hydrogen bonding between the epoxy resin and the metakaolin geopolymer enhances the obstruction and deflection ability of the epoxy resin to the matrix cracks. The above effects make the brittleness of metakaolin geopolymers improved. Epoxy resins can significantly improve the mechanical properties of metakaolin geopolymers, which can help broaden the application areas of metakaolin geopolymers.
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  Preparation and properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites for construction

  LI Qi, GUO Li, LI Xianglan

  Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2023, 54(2): 2231-2236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2023.02.031

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  T700 Carbon fiber was selected as the reinforcing phase, and the carbon fiber was impregnated with concentrated HNO₃ for 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 min and then mixed into epoxy resin to prepare carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites.The effects of impregnation time on the microstructure,mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composites were analyzed.The results showed that the surface roughness of carbon fiber impregnated with concentrated HNO₃ increased,the number and depth of grooves increased,and the bonding strength between carbon fiber and epoxy resin increased.The interfacial shear strength, interlaminar shear strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites first increased and then decreased with the increase of carbon fiber impregnation time.When the impregnation time was 120 min, the interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of the composite reached the maximum,which were 80.2 and 90.3 MPa respectively. The bending strength and bending modulus also reached the maximum value,which were 902.6 MPa and 79.3 GPa respectively. The highest point of stress-strain increased,and the bending performance improved.The maximum carbon residue rate of the composite treated with concentrated HNO₃ at 800 ℃ for 120 min was 58.2%, and the thermal stability was the best.