30 July 2022, Volume 53 Issue 7
    

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    Focuses & Concerns(The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2021)
  • Droping effect of TiO2 on properties of MgO-PSZ solid electrolyt
    LU Huiying, SUN Qiaoyang, GAO Xinyu, WEN Tianpeng, XU Jingxiao, LIU Tao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7001-7005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Using ZrO2, MgO and trace TiO2 as raw materials, MgO partially stabilized ZrO2 solid electrolyte (MgO-PSZ) was synthesized by a solid-state method. XRD, SEM, densification, electrical properties and thermal shock resistance of the synthetic samples were analyzed to investigate the influence of TiO2 doping content on their properties. The results show that when the TiO2 content is 0.4 mol%, the densification reaches 95.13%. The content of tetragonal phase and cubic phase in the samples first increases and then decreases with the increase of TiO2 content, up to about 48%. When the TiO2 doping content is 0.2 mol%, the ionic conductivity of the sample reaches the maximum, and the conductivity was 4.71×10-3 S/cm at 950 ℃. When the TiO2 content is 0.4 mol%, the maximum residual strength after thermal shock resistance is 1400 MPa.
  • Study on modified zeolite imidazole catalysts and catalytic performance for NH3-SCR
    SUN Zhonghao, HAO Runlong, ZHAO Yi
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7006-7012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.002
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    The zeolite imidazole framework structure material ZIF-7 was synthesized by microwave method, and CuCe@ZIF-7 catalyst was prepared using ZIF-7 as the precursor. The effect of the preparation conditions, reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, SO2, H2O and other experimental conditions on the catalytic performance of the catalyst NH3-SCR was tested on a fixed bed experimental platform. The CuCe@ZIF-7 was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, TG, and reaction mechanism of the catalyst has been studied by in situ DRIFTS.
  • Preparation and tribological properties of glyceryl Fe3O4 magnetic fluid
    HE Yan, WANG Youqiang, MO Jun, ZHAO Tao, ZHU Yuling, LI Mengjie
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7013-7018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.003
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    Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method, and the particles were surface treated with citric acid and oleic acid. Through field transmission electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, UV-visible spectrophotometer test and four-ball friction and wear tester, the size and morphology, surface functional groups, dispersion stability and tribological properties of modified nanoparticles were evaluated respectively. Scanning electron microscope and optical microscope were used to analyze the morphology of wear scars. The modified nanoparticles are spherical and contain a small amount of square particles. Among them, the average particle size of the citric acid modified particles is (9.6±0.19)nm, and the average particle size of the particles modified by citric acid and oleic acid is 9.8±0.16 nm. The infrared spectrum shows that the active agent is successfully coated on the surface of the particles. The absorbance of the magnetic fluid does not change much within 30 hours and tends to be stable, with good dispersion stability. Under a certain concentration of magnetic fluid lubrication, it exhibits excellent anti-friction and anti-wear properties. Among them, 0.3% magnetic fluid has the best anti-friction and anti-wear performance. The friction coefficient is reduced by 22.68%, and the wear scar diameter is reduced by up to 13.7%. Through the synergy of the formation of adsorption film, deposition repair, micro-bearing and micro-cutting, a certain concentration of magnetic fluid can effectively improve the anti-wear and anti-wear properties of glycerin, and the type of surfactant has an impact on the friction performance of glycerin-based magnetic fluid.
  • Preparation of Nb-doped FeCo based nanocomposites and its electrocatalytic properties for hydrogen evolution
    ZHANG Zhao, ZHU Shengli, CUI Zhenduo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7019-7026. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.004
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    The development of high efficient non-noble metal electrode catalytic materials is a hotspot in the field of water electrolysis for hydrogen production. In this paper, a Nb-doped FeCo - based ternary metal composite oxide catalyst was synthesized by melt spin quenching alloying method. The characteristic nanosheet structure of the catalyst provides more active sites for catalytic reaction. Nb-doped causes electronic synergy between the three active metal oxides, improves the surface electron state of the catalyst, accelerates electron transport, reduces the potential barrier of hydrolysis separation, and further promotes the reaction kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by HER. The results showed that the electrocatalytic performance of nb-doped FeCo based catalyst was significantly improved in alkaline electrolyte (1mol/L KOH). When the Nb doped content was 4%, FeCoO-Nb-4 catalyst had the largest electrochemical active area and the lowest overpotential (95 mV required to drive the current density of 10mA/cm2). It had the lowest Tafel slope (104.1 mV/dec), and exhibited good long-term electrochemical stability, far superior to FeCo bimetal oxide catalyst material.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress of surface modification technology of biomedical titanium alloy
    FAN Jingyi, MA Xun, LI Wei, LIU Ping, WANG Jingjing, WANG Haibin, LU Xuhua
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7027-7039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.005
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    Titanium alloys were widely used in the biomedical field due to its suitable elastic modulus, high strength, good corrosion resistance and other characteristics. However, titanium alloys have poor wear resistance, fatigue resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties, which have a great impact on the service life of the device and the success rate of implants. Therefore, this study mainly introduces the surface modification technology to improve the wear resistance, fatigue resistance, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of titanium alloys, and look forward to its possible future development directions.
  • Research progress of top electrode in perovskite solar cells
    YANG Yuanlin, LI Ying, CHEN Lijia, NIU Lianbin
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7040-7057. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.006
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    Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged following the silicon-based solar cell. At present, photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.5%, which is considered to be the promising new type solar cell. The top electrode is an important part of PSCs .This paper mainly expounds the research progress of top electrode materials for PSCs, and summarizes the interface regulation and modification treatment of metal electrode and carbon electrode. The advantages and challenges of metal and carbon for top elelctrode and the application of the top electrode materials in low manufacturing cost and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells were proposed.
  • Research progress of polymer/bentonite nanocomposites
    ZHOU Ping, LI Ming, WU Yuanpeng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7058-7068. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.007
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    Polymer/bentonite nanocomposite is a material that achieves composites at the nanoscale. It has the lamellar structure of bentonite, the controllability of polymers, and includes the characteristics of nanomaterials. It is precisely because of these advantages that the material is widely used in environmental protection, medical pharmacy, petrochemical and other fields. In this paper, the research progress of polymer/bentonite nanocomposites is reviewed. The structural characteristics, classification, preparation methods and structure-activity mechanism of the material are introduced. The material has two types of composite structures: intercalation structure and exfoliation structure. It has two common preparation methods: intercalation polymerization method and polymer intercalation method. The application status of the material in the main application fields is reviewed. The material is often used in environmental protection, biomedicine, petrochemical, optoelectronic fields. The current difficulties of the material are summarized. For example, the preparation mechanism needs to be further studied to broaden the application field of this material. The development direction of the material and application prospects are prospected. Since the polymer exists in the confined space of the bentonite sheet, the chain segment movement is restricted, and it is not easy to decompose at high temperature. The material has important reference value in improving the temperature resistance of polymers, and is of great significance to the development of high temperature treatment agents for wellbore working fluids.
  • Research progress of high strength and high conductivitygraphene reinforced copper-tungsten contact materials
    DING Yi, ZHOU Mingyu, XU Ruoyu, WANG Xin, ZHU Zhixiang, CHEN Baoan, PANG Zhen, GAO Jianfeng, CHEN Xiaogang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7069-7076. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.008
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    The contacts and fingers in the traditional high-voltage circuit breakers are all made of copper-tungsten alloy materials by powder metallurgy process at present, and their conductivity and hardness have reached the bottleneck, which cannot meet the demands of increasingly harsh working requirements. Graphene has good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and high specific surface area. Doped into the traditional copper-tungsten alloy, graphene is expected to greatly and simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity and hardness of copper-tungsten electric contacts. It has become the main development direction of current electrical contact materials research. In this paper, the research progress in strengthening methods of traditional copper-tungsten electric contact materials by using graphene and other reinforcing agents is systematically reviewed, and the strengthening mechanism of graphene on copper-tungsten electric contact materials is explored, so as to provide technical guidance for the development and application of new high strength and high conductivity graphene-reinforced copper-tungsten electric contact materials with new performance and long service life.
    • Research & Development
  • Refraction and total transmission in uniaxial anisotropic material
    ZHANG Xiaoyan, WU Jinsui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7077-7082. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.009
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    Anisotropic materials have more unique properties than isotropic materials, and can appear more electromagnetic phenomena. In order to study the conditions of transmittance and total penetration angle between anisotropic materials, the dispersion equation of monochromatic plane wave in anisotropic materials is obtained from Maxwell's equations, and the wave vector and Poin are calculated by taking TM wave as an example. The refraction angle of Ting vector found that the wave vector and Poynting vector of ellipsoid surface material are both positive refraction or negative refraction. The relationship between the material transmittance and the incident angle and the total transmission angle found that the ellipsoid material has a transmitted wave and a total transmission angle under the incident angle of the ellipsoid material. The material always has total reflection and no transmittance. The numerical simulation of metamaterials with metal-dielectric multilayer structure supports the conclusion, and it is expected to have a certain reference for related research.
  • Preparation and properties of nano-CaCO3 modified polyurethane composites
    CUI Yangang, ZHANG Rui, NING Xiaojun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7083-7087. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.010
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    Polyurethane composites doped with different nano-CaCO3 were prepared by prepolymer method with nano-CaCO3 as reinforcement.The mechanical properties, micro morphology, wear properties and thermal stability of nano-CaCO3 modified polyurethane composites were studied. The results showed that the doping of nano-CaCO3 didn't change the structure of polyurethane,but improved the micro morphology and overall uniformity of the composites, and improved the mechanical properties, wear properties and thermal stability of the composites. With the increase of nano-CaCO3 doping, the tensile strength, fracture elongation and residual amount of modified polyurethane composites first increased and then decreased, and the wear amount first decreased and then increased. When the doping amount of nano-CaCO3 was 3 wt%, the tensile strength, fracture elongation and residual amount of the composite reached the maximum, which were 33.7 MPa, 510.2% and 4.4%, respectively, and the minimum wear amount was 50.1 mg. Comprehensive analysis shows that the optimal doping amount of nano-CaCO3 was 3 wt% .
  • Hollow metal-organic framework promotes stable and fast lithium sulfur batteries
    LIU Haorui, ZHAO Lei, YANG Nana, HE Liqun, LIU Xin, YANG Laidong, WANG Jianji
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7088-7095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.011
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    Lithium-sulfur battery is one of the most promising energy storage systems because of its high energy density and low cost. However, the commercialization of lithium-sulfur batteries is still hampered by several technical problems, namely severe polysulfide shuttle and slow sulfur conversion kinetics. In this paper, we report a unique hollow MOFs to capture and catalyze polysulfide to achieve high efficiency lithium-sulfur batteries. The porous hollow structures can not only tolerate the volume change during the charging-discharging process, but also expose a large number of active sites within MOFs and promote the sulfur conversion redox. Due to these structural advantages, the prepared sulfur electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. At 3 C, the average capacity decay of each cycle after 800 cycles is 0.06%. Under a higher 4 C charge/discharge current, it still has an initial capacity of 598 mAh/g, the average capacity decay per cycle is only 0.07% after 1 000 cycles.
  • Tribological and anti-corrosion properties of PTFE reinforced FEVE fluorocarbon composite coating in multiple environments
    ZHANG Bochao, YE Xiangdong, XI Changqing, LI Ji
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7096-7101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.012
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    Using fluorinated ethylene/vinyl monomer copolymerized fluorocarbon resin (FEVE) as the bonding base materials and three different particle sizes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the lubricant and anti-corrosion filler, a fluorocarbon composite coating material with both friction and corrosion resistance was prepared on the surface of the sample by spraying and curing at room temperature. The hardness and adhesion of the composite coating is evaluated by mechanical properties testing. The friction reduction properties of the coatings were tested and analyzed by means of a multifunctional friction and wear tester in dry friction as well as in water and oil lubricated environments. The corrosion resistance of the composite coating was characterized and analyzed by coating immersion tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the appropriate amount of PTFE can effectively reduce the friction factor of the fluorocarbon composite coating. When the mass ratio of PTFE to FEVE is 4.5∶3, the friction factor of the coating in dry friction and water lubrication is 0.067 and 0.062 respectively, reducing 85% and 92% respectively compared with the pure FEVE coating. In addition, when the PTFE particle size is 5 μm, the friction factor of the coating is only 0.055 under oil lubrication, while the composite coating has excellent corrosion resistance.
  • Heat resistance of zirconia doped Al-Si composite aerogel
    ZHU Weizhuo, WU Youqing, WU Shiyong, HAN Yuqing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7102-7108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.013
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    Zirconia aerogels were prepared by sol-gel method and supercritical ethanol drying using zirconium butoxide as zirconium source, and Zr-Al and Zr-Si composite aerogels were prepared by doping aluminum sec-butanol and dimethyldiethoxysilane. FESEM, XRD, FT-IR, specific surface area and pore structure analyzer were used to characterize the morphology, size and structure of the aerogels. The results showed that the density of aerogel decreased from 0.393 g/cm3 to 0.147 g/cm3, the specific surface area of aerogel increased from 178 m2/g to 394 m2/g, and the temperature resistance also improved significantly. FESEM photos showed that the morphology of aerogel doped with Al and Si changed little after heat treatment. After heat treatment at 900C for 4h, the specific surface area of Zr-Si composite aerogel was still 168 m2/g, and there was no phase transition of ZrO2. After doping aluminum and silicon elements, zirconia aerogel can effectively inhibit the phase transformation of zirconia and improve its temperature resistance.
  • Study on removal performance of Sb(Ⅲ) by Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons
    FAN Meiling, YUAN Zizhou, ZHANG Xiangyun, XIAO Caiyun, LI Shixia
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7109-7113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.014
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    In this work, the Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons were prepared by melt-spinning technique, and the removal effect of Sb(Ⅲ) by the amorphous ribbons was comparatively studied with 300 mesh iron powders as reference. The results showed that the removal rate of Sb(Ⅲ) by the amorphous ribbons was 90.6% within 90 min, and the surface normalized reaction rate constants was as high as 41 times than that of 300 mesh iron powders. By observing and analyzing the reaction products, it was found that Si and B will be enriched on the surface of the amorphous ribbons, which is beneficial to the shedding of the surface product layer. In addition, the removal of Sb(Ⅲ) by amorphous ribbons depends on adsorption, and the removal rate of 62.3% can still be maintained after being reused for 6 times.
  • Molten salt synthesis of two-dimensional porous h-BN for CO2 adsorption
    ZENG Xianghui, LI Shuwen, CHEN Hui, FANG Wei, HE Xuan, DU Xing, WANG Daheng, LI Weixin, ZHAO Lei
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7114-7119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.015
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    The two-dimensional porous h-BN material is one of the potential CO2 adsorption materials due to its high specific surface area and abundant surface defects. However, the controllable preparation of two-dimensional porous h-BN with high quality and high specific surface area remains a current problem. In this paper, two-dimensional porous h-BN materials were synthesized with borax (Na2B4O7) and melamine (C3H6N6) as raw materials assist molten salt method. Molten salt can provide a liquid phase reaction environment with high migration and diffusion rate and high activity in the initial stage of h-BN formation. The effects of molten salt type and synthesis temperature on the composition, morphology, pore structure and CO2 adsorption properties of the product were investigated. The results show that the coexistence of h-BN and r-BN were obtained by using KCl as molten salt, while h-BN with higher purity was obtained by using MgCl2 as molten salt. Compared with KCl, MgCl2 molten salt could effectively reduce the synthesis temperature of two-dimensional h-BN to 1 000 ℃, and the product had a higher purity and specific surface area. The specific surface area and CO2 adsorption capacity of h-BN prepared at 900 ℃ could reach 281.78 m2/g and 7.69 cm3/g, respectively.
  • Research and application of structure-activity relationship of sucrose-based carbon spheres in supercapacitors
    WANG Yongchao, GUO Tingting, WEI Aili, ZHANG Wanggang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7120-7127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.016
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    Sucrose and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) were used as the carbon source and the surfactant. To investigate the conformational relationship between the structure of carbon spheres and the performance of supercapacitors, four groups of porous carbon spheres with different particle sizes were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and KOH activation subsequently. The structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized by various characterization methods. The results show that due to the unique structural advantages of PCS-450, the specific surface area of PCS-450 reaches 673.7 m2/g. The pore volume is 0.80 cm3/g. The specific capacity of PCS-450 reaches 280.4 F/g at a three-electrode current density of 0.5 A/g, assembled into a symmetrical button device. The residual capacity after 10,000 cycles at a current density of 1A/g was 89.3%. It shows excellent cycling stability. And the energy density reaches 9.42Wh/kg at a power density of 500 W/kg, which is expected to be a potential value for large-scale commercialization of supercapacitors.
  • Preparation of ceramic membrane by coating Al2O3 and TiO2 sol on fly ash/loess support
    WANG Linhan, TONG Zhi, WU Kui, YAO Yuan, LI Miaoyu, GONG Liang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7128-7132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.017
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    Two sols of Al2O3 and TiO2 were prepared by the sol-gel method, and coated on the surface of fly ash/loess support to prepare ceramic membranes. The thermal stability, crystal phase composition of the membrane materials were analyzed by thermogravimetric analyzer and X-ray diffractometer, and the microscopic morphology, porosity, membrane flux, and membrane flux recovery rate of the ceramic membranes were tested and characterized. The results show that the sintering temperature and drying conditions can effectively control the crystal phase change and integrity of the ceramic membrane. The Al2O3 and TiO2 membrane materials are dried at 50 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively, and sintered at 600 ℃. The prepared Al2O3 membrane material is γ- Al2O3, and the TiO2 membrane material is rutile TiO2. The porosity of Al2O3 and TiO2 ceramic membranes are 28.56% and 34.12%, the membrane fluxes are 1 092.67 L/(m2·h) and 2 983.33 L/(m2·h), and the membrane flux recovery rates are 97% and 89%. Compared with the uncoated support, the permeability of Al2O3 and TiO2 ceramic membranes is reduced, but the anti-pollution ability is stronger due to its smooth and flat surface.
  • Study on the hydration process and paste structure of low calcium cement with gypsum
    SONG Fei, LYU Yinong, YU Weimin, LIU Yunfei, LIU Xinrui, SUN Wenbo
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7133-7138. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.018
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    Low calcium cement (LCC) consisting of calcium sulphoaluminate (C4A3S) and dicalcium silicate can be made from high alumina fly ash. Gypsum (CSH2) plays an important role in hydration properties of C4A3S cementitious materials. In order to promote the application of LCC, the hydration properties of LCC with different CSH2 content were studied. The hydration process and paste structure of LCC were determined by isothermal conduction calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The compressive strength of LCC pastes was also measured. The results show that the hydration of LCC is accelerated and the amount of ettringite (AFt) in the paste increases with the increase of CSH2 content. At the same time, AFt changes from needle-like morphology to columnar morphology and the porosity of pastes decreases gradually. A small amount of CSH2 (1%, mass fraction) can promote the formation of strätlingite at later stage and the 28 d compressive strength is increased by 22.6%. When CSH2 content is 5%, the compressive strength of LCC pastes increases significantly at each curing age. When CSH2 content is high (10%), the early performance develops rapidly and the later performance does not improve. Excessive CSH2 (20%) promotes the AFt to grow into tubular and columnar morphology, and the porosity of paste decreases to 8.4%. However, a large number of micron-scale pores is formed in the paste, which is not conducive to the improvement of later performance. The strength of LCC with different CSH2 content (1%-20%) develops steadily and its later strength does not shrink, showing the broad application prospects of LCC.
  • Molecular dynamics simulation of low-temperature mechanical properties of liquid oxygen compatible epoxy resins
    GAO Chang, DONG Xufeng, YAN Jia, XU Hao, WU Zhanjun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7139-7143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.019
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    Chemical modification of epoxy resin with phosphorus containing flame retardant molecules can improve the liquid oxygen compatibility of materials, but will significantly change the mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin. The low temperature mechanical properties of epoxy resin modified by 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-hydrogen-9-oxa-10-phosphophenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Firstly, the modified epoxy thermosetting crosslinking network was prepared by two-step reaction scheme, and then ReaxFF and dreiding force fields were used, respectively, to realize accurate and efficient bond scission simulation based on calibrated truncated bond length. The effects of different P weight content on molecular network structure and material properties were explored. It is found that the chain length distribution is the key factor to determine the mechanical properties of materials. The mechanical properties of the materials at low temperature can be significantly enhanced by chain length regulation (CLR). This study provides valuable insight for the design and manufacture of high-performance liquid oxygen compatible thermosetting resin and composites, and facilitates to improve the tolerance of composites in harsh engineering environment.
  • Study on the mechanism of the influence of N on the mechanical properties of the new type of Ni saving austenitic stainless steel
    WANG Ting, FAN Mingyang, YANG Jichun, CHENG Jun, LIU Xiangjun, ZHANG Zhanchuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7144-7149. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.020
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    Taking 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 austenitic stainless steel as the research object, N content in steel was increased by adding chromium nitride alloy, and the effect of substituting N for Ni on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni saving austenitic stainless steel was studied. Under laboratory conditions, the Ni saving tested steels with 0.3% N and 5.0~11.0% Ni content were melted by vacuum induction arc furnace. The microstructure of the tested steels was observed by metallographic microscope. The mechanical properties were tested by Rockwell hardness tester and electronic universal tensile testing machine, and the tensile fracture morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The results show that the microstructure of the tested steel is still single austenite after increasing N and decreasing Ni. When the Ni content decreased from 10.972% to 4.828% and N content increased from 0 to 0.30%, the Rockwell hardness of the tested steel increased from 60.80 to 65.12, the tensile strength increased from 698.35 MPa to 855.85 MPa, and the elongation increased from 35.95% to 41.55%. The effect of N and Ni on the mechanical properties of austenitic steel was analyzed by first-principles calculations. The results show that the effect of N on the toughness of the doped system is significantly better than that of Ni.
  • Studyon modification of mechanical properties of coal gangue concrete with fiber and mineral admixture
    YANG Qiuning, JING Yanyi, ZHANG Dongsheng
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7150-7156. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.021
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    Based on the coal gangue concrete that fully replaces the coarse aggregate in ordinary concrete, the effects of different volume fractions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polypropylene (PP) and steel (ST) fibers on the mechanical properties of coal gangue concrete are studied. The types and contents of fibers under the optimal mechanical properties are selected, and then the modification effect of fibers on the mechanical properties of coal gangue concrete when fly ash and fly ash/mineral powder are mixed to replace part of cement is explored. The optimal mixture ratio of modified coal gangue concrete is obtained. The results show that the excessive content of PVA and PP fiber inhibits the strength development of coal gangue concrete, and there is an optimal dosage. When the volume content of ST fiber is 2%, the mechanical properties of coal gangue concrete can be greatly improved compared with other groups, and the splitting tensile strength of concrete has the best modification effect. With the increase of fly ash substitution rate, the strength of coal gangue concrete is reduced. When the fly ash/mineral powder ratio is 1∶2 at 30% substitution rate, the strength peak of coal gangue concrete in the mineral admixture substitution combination appears. After the modification of coal gangue concrete by ST fiber with 2% volume fraction, the optimal mechanical properties are achieved.
  • Preparation of self-supported NiMoP@NiFeP heterojunction and electrocatalytic oxygen evolution performance
    LI Yan, ZHOU Xuanyu, ZHAO Jiahao, ZHANG Lei, LI Yi, HUANG Yuyuan, BAO Weiwei, JIANG Peng, HAO Xiaoli
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7157-7162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.022
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    Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an important semi-reaction of water cracking. The development of efficient and stable non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for large-scale hydrogen production is still a great challenge. In this paper, NiMoP@NiFeP/NF composite electrode was constructed on nickel foam (NF) by hydrothermal and low temperature phosphating methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the microstructure of the electrode and the valence states of the elements. In addition, electrochemical tests show that NiMoP@NiFeP/NF electrocatalyst can drive a current density of 100 mA/cm2 in 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte with only 246 mV overpotential and Tafel slope of 54.6 mV/dec, and can maintain stability for at least 20 h. This work provides an effective way to prepare non-noble metal-based catalysts for energy storage and conversion.
  • Interface diffusion rules and conductive properties ofAl/Cu/Al composite material under high temperature
    WANG Hui
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7163-7168. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.023
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    For a solution to the problem that the wires of thermal batteries are prone to corrosion, Al/Cu/Al composite tape, regarded as new wire, was prepared by means of cold rolling. The effect of heat treatment process on the growth rate of intermetallic compounds at the interface of Al and Cu and the conductivity of composite tape were investigated using SEM, XRD and EDS. The results indicate that the Al/Cu/Al composite tape has better corrosion resistance and conductivity than pure Ni tape which is widely used at present. Distinctive inter-diffusion occured at elevated temperature in the composite tape and the relationship between holding time and the square of the thickness of diffusion layer in Cu/Al belt is linear. The interface migration process is dominated by atom diffusion. The phases of diffusion layer in composite tape are Cu-Cu9Al4-Cu3Al2-CuAl-CuAl2-Al, and the existence of such intermetallic compounds results in the low conductivity of the composite tape. The conductivity of the composite tape reduces with the increasing of diffusion layer thickness, which manifested in three stages, the rapid reduction area (<25 μm>), the slow reduction area (25 -35 μm) and the accelerated reduction area (>35 μm). This phenomenon are attributed to the total content of compound phase in the interface of composite tape and the relative variation in the content of CuAl2 and Cu9Al4.
  • Preparation and properties of graphene oxide modified concrete
    HE Xiaohang, HAN Junyan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7169-7174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.024
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    On the basis of ordinary Portland cement P.O 42.5, graphene oxide modified concrete was prepared by using graphene oxide doped with 0, 0.03wt%, 0.05wt% and 0.07wt% as the reinforcing phase of the matrix. The porosity, mechanical properties, carbonation and wear properties of modified concrete samples were tested, and the correlation of each index was analyzed. The results showed that an appropriate amount of graphene oxide doping promoted the hydration reaction of modified concrete, had on effect on the crystalline composition of cement hydration products, refined the size of hydration products and formed more regular crystalline compounds. With the increase of graphene oxide doping, the porosity, carbonation depth and wear of modified concrete showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the compressive strength and flexural strength showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the doping amount of graphene oxide was 0.05 wt%, the minimum porosity was 27.53%, the carbonization depth at 7 and 28 d was the minimum value of 1.46 and 3.81 mm, the wear amount was the minimum value of 1.24 kg/m2, and the tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 d were the maximum values of 53.9 and 6.7 MPa. It can be seen that when the doping amount of graphene oxide is 0.05 wt%, the comprehensive performance of modified concrete is the best.
  • Antibiotic wastewater treatment in electro-Fenton system catalyzed by iron-carbon composite
    XU Jin, LI Fangzhou, CHEN Zihui, HAI Hao, XIA Jianxin, CHEN Huiying, YAO Shuo, XING Xuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7175-7181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.025
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    An iron-carbon composite material (Fe@C) was prepared using activated carbon and ferrous sulfate by immersion sintering method as electro-Fenton catalyst. The amount of Fe2+ released from Fe@C could match with H2O2 formed at cathode. This composite was characterized by SEM and XRD, respectively. Degradation efficiency of sulfamethazine (SMT) in electro-Fenton system with Boron-doped Diamond anode and carbon felt cathode using Fe@C as catalyst was investigated. Results showed that the degradation efficiency of SMT increased along with the dose of Fe@C rising in the range of 0.02-0.2 g. The active sites of SMT during reaction were identified based on DFT calculation results and the possible degradation pathway was proposed by LC-MS. The degradation mechanism included aniline oxidation, sulfonamide bond cleavage and pyrimidine epoxidation.
    • Process & Technology
  • Synthesis and electrochemical property of CoxN@C supercapacitor materials
    ZHANG Xulei, LI Hong, ZHANG Mingqing, DI Lanbo, ZHANG Xiuling
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7182-7188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.026
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    Cobalt nitrides have great potential in energy storage due to their excellent electrical conductivity and thermal stability. To prepare high-performance cobalt nitride supercapacitor materials, Co-MFF (cobalt formic acid framework material) obtained by liquid phase deposition method was adopted as Co precursor, and CoxN@C was prepared by pyrolysis of the Co-MFF in ammonia and argon mixing atmosphere. The effects of pyrolysis atmosphere and temperature on the structure and electrical properties of CoxN@C were studied. The results show that CoxN@C consists of CoN and Co4N in mixed phases and amorphous N-doped carbon, and the pore structure of CoxN@C can be changed by adjusting pyrolysis conditions. When the content of ammonia was 10% and the calcination temperature was 450 ℃, the specific capacity of CoxN@C was as high as 208.5 and 171.4 F/g at the current density of 1 and 10 A/g, respectively, which reveals good rate capability. Meanwhile, the specific capacitance remains 100% even after 1 000 cycles of charge and discharge, suggesting good cycle stability. These results obtained in this work provide a new way for preparing cobalt nitride supercapacitor electrode materials.
  • Fabrication and properties of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes/PA56 composites
    BAO Zongyao, YANG Jianzhong, LI Yonggui, ZU Wenju, LIU Yibing
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7189-7195. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.027
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    In order to explore the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of polyamide 56 (PA56), multi-walls carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was modified by oxygen-plasma, and then reacted with hexanediamine to obtain amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (AMWNTs). Furthermore, the AMWNTs/PA56 composites were prepared by melt-blending method. The changes of surface functional groups of carbon nanotubes were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. SEM, XRD, DSC, TG and semiconductor parameter test systems were used to analyze the microscopic morphology, crystalline structure, thermal and electrical properties of the composites, and using a torque rheometer and a filter performance tester to determine the rheological properties and spinnability of the composites. The results show that the amino groups are successfully grafted on the surface of MWNTs, and the dispersibility of AMWNTs is better. With the increase of the mass fraction of AMWNTs, the thermal properties and crystalline structure of the composites were changed, and the electrical conductivity of the composites was improved at the same time. When the mass fraction of AMWNTs is within 1.0%, it has little effect on the rheology of the composites, and the composites has good spinnability.
  • Synthesis and thermal properties of tetradecane phase change microcapsules
    CHANG Yanghui, SUN Zhigao
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7196-7202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.028
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    In order to solve the problems of poor stability and leakage of low-temperature phase change materials, low-temperature phase change microcapsules with tetradecane as the core material and urea-formaldehyde as the shell material are synthesized by in-situ polymerization. The influence of emulsifier, HLB value, prepolymer water volume and initial pH value on the preparation of microcapsules are investigated. SEM, FT-IR, DSC and Malvern laser particle size analyzer are used to test and analyze the morphology, chemical composition, thermodynamic properties and particle size of the microcapsules. The experimental results show that the microcapsules prepared with span80-tween80 compound emulsifier have smooth surface, spherical morphology and uniform particle size distribution. The phase change temperature of the microcapsules is 3.05 ℃. The latent heat of phase transition microcapsules reaches 60 J/g, and its average particle size is 8.4 μm. The core material and the wall material are only a simple physical fit, which has good heat storage performance and thermal stability.
  • Preparation and performance of inorganic salt/expanded graphite composite phase change material
    REN Wenjing, CHEN Zhenqian, XU Zhiguo, LI Wei, CHEN Xiangyan, ZHAO Yuanyuan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7203-7209. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.029
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    In order to improve the problems of single phase change material, such as easy leakage, low latent heat, and poor stability, the shape-setting composite phase change material is prepared by the melt blending method, where sodium acetate trihydrate is used as the main phase change material, disodium phosphate is used as a nucleating agent, sodium polyacrylate is used as a thickener, and expanded graphite is used as a thermal conductivity enhancer. The material properties are characterized and measured by step cooling curve method, DSC differential scanning method, SEM scanning electron microscope and thermal cycling experiment. The results show that expanded graphite can better adsorb the base material and act as a thermal bridge. When the content of expanded graphite gradually increases, the phase transition temperature of the composite phase change material decreases slightly, the degree of subcooling is effectively reduced, and the thermal conductivity is greatly increased. Improved, there is no significant change in heat storage performance. Comprehensive analysis shows that the best ratio of composite phase change material is 100%SAT+DSP4%+1%PAAS+8%EG. In this case, the phase change temperature of the material is 57.1 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 219.2 kJ/kg, which keeps good thermal stability.
  • Researchon preparation and flame retardancy of SiO2 aerogel modified loofah
    CHEN Weijia, SHU Zhongjun, DAI Jing, PAN Mengli, WANG Shangbin, OU Hongxiang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7210-7214. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.030
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    In order to reduce the fire risk of loofah (LF) and improve its flame retardant and smoke suppression performance, the SiO2 aerogel (SA) modified LF was prepared by sol-gel method with silica aerogel introduced into loofah fibers (LF@SA). The thermal stability, heat release, flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of LF@SA were characterized and analyzed by various methods. The results indicated that the introduction of SA into LF could promote the formation of dense carbon layer, and effectively reduce heat release of the material. Its flame retardant and smoke suppression performance and thermal stability were significantly improved. Simultaneously, LF@SA also had excellent flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. When the mass dilution ratio of sodium silicate was 1∶4, the limiting oxygen index reached 31.2%, and the light transmittance of smoke density increased to 98.07%. In addition, the total heat release decreased significantly, only 6.8 kJ/g, which was 49.3% lower than that before modification. SA modification effectively improved the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of LF, which is conducive to the further development and application of LF.
  • Preparation of superhydrophobic coatings based on cellulose nanofiber
    LI Keting, XU Lihui, PAN Hong, SHEN Yong, XU Wei, LIU Yangchun, LI Jun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7215-7221. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.031
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The work aims to prepare the superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance and good durability by a simple dip-coating.The superhydrophobic coatings were prepared based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and low surface energy polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) to achieve the surface functionalization of cotton fabrics. The effect of different contents of polydimethylsiloxane and CNF on hydrophobicity of coatings was studied by single factor experiments. And the superhydrophobic coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermal gravimetric analyze(TGA). The results showed that durable superhydrophobic coatings were successfully prepared by cellulose nanofibers and polydimethylsiloxane. The SEM results showed that CNF constructed the microrough structure required for the superhydrophobic coating as compared to the pure PDMS coating, and provided favorable conditions for the preparation of the superhydrophobic coatings. With 4wt% PDMS and 4wt% CNF, the superhydrophobic coating showed water contact angle of 159.2°, and the water sliding angle of 4.3°. The results showed that the water contact angle of superhydrophobic coating still kept 150.3° even after 40 cycles of sandpaper friction, and it still had superhydrophobic performance. It was indicated that the polydimethylsiloxane provided low surface energy for the coatings, and had good bonding performance which improved the coatings' durability. In conclusion, a durable superhydrophobic coating was successfully prepared on cotton fabric surfaces with CNF and PDMS, while achieving excellent self-cleaning, waterproof and pollution resistance performance and good durability.
  • Studyon the preparation and performance of ferrocene-triazole Schiff base
    ZHANG Teng, SHANG Yan, TIAN Shengji, SUN Changyan, YAN Hong, ZHANG Guiling
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7222-7226. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.032
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    Triazole compounds are widely used as an important part of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Ferrocene is a representative of transition metal complexes, and its specific structure enables it to have the dual properties of ligand and transition metal, and has very broad application prospects. First, 1,2,4-triazole compounds substituted with different groups were synthesized, and then condensed with ferrocene formaldehyde to generate new Schiff base compounds. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR, UV,1H NMR and other means, and the influence of different substituent groups on the electrical conductivity and antibacterial properties was studied. The results show that the conductivity of Schiff base compounds with different substituent groups is quite different, and the conductivity of Schiff base compounds can be adjusted by connecting different substituent groups. At the same time, the prepared compounds are both resistant to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. It has certain antibacterial properties. It is speculated that the antibacterial activity of the compound has a certain relationship with the substituent group.
  • Preparation of RGO-ZnO nanocomposite and its adsorption and degradation of methylene blue
    CAO Juan
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7227-7231. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.033
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    RGO-ZnO nanocomposites with different graphene (RGO) doping amounts (0, 3 mol%, 6 mol%, 9 mol% and 12 mol%) were prepared by solvothermal method. The crystal structure, micro morphology, spectral characteristics and photocatalytic properties of the composites were analyzed by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and photocatalytic degradation tests. The results showed that the doping of RGO improved the crystallinity of ZnO, but didn’t change the nanostructure of wurtzite ZnO. The luminescence intensity of pure ZnO was the highest, and the characteristic absorption peak intensity of Zn-O bond decreased after the incorporation of RGO. With the increase of RGO doping amount, the photoluminescence intensity of the composites first decreased and then increased. When the doping amount of RGO was 9 mol%, the photoluminescence intensity was the lowest. The photocatalytic test showed that at 120 min, 9 mol% RGO-ZnO nanocomposites had the highest degradation rate of methylene blue, 90.24%, and the photocatalytic performance was the best. The morphology analysis showed that spherical ZnO particles grew on lamellar RGO, and the morphology of the composite tended to change from spherical to rod, and RGO and ZnO were successfully compounded.
  • Preparation and properties of polyurethane grouting material modified by nano-SiO2
    JIA Xiaopan, LI Sha, MA Ruiyan, DU Huihui, YAO Yanna
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(7): 7232-7236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.07.034
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Polyurethane grouting materials modified by nano-SiO2 were prepared by in-situ polymerization with different contents of nano-SiO2 (0,2wt%,4wt% and 6wt%).The density,water content,gel time,mechanical properties and microstructure of the material were characterized by electronic densitometer,viscometer,electronic universal testing machine and SEM.The results showed that with the increased of nano SiO2 content,the density,viscosity,solid content,gel time and water content of the modified polyurethane grouting material showed a trend of gradual increased.When the content of nano SiO2 was 6wt%,the density,viscosity,gel time,solid content,water content and compressive strength of the samples reached the maximum value of 1.21 g/mol,1 769 mPa·s,140.8 s,78%,53.9 s and 0.115 MPa, respectively.With the increased of Nano-SiO2 content,the water swelling rate and foaming rate of the modified polyurethane grouting material showed a decreasing trend.When the content of Nano-SiO2 was 6wt%,the water swelling rate and foaming rate of the sample reached the minimum,which were 811.2% and 150.5% respectively. SEM analysis showed that the size distribution of polyurethane grouting material without nano-SiO2 was uneven,and there were obvious gaps,the size of the modified polyurethane grouting material became smaller and the distribution was more uniform after adding appropriate amount of Nano-SiO2,however,when more nano-SiO2 was added, the agglomeration and size increased in the local area.In general,the comprehensive properties of polyurethane grouting materials were improved by adding nano-SiO2,and the optimal doping ratio of Nano-SiO2 was 6wt%.
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