30 June 2022, Volume 53 Issue 6
    

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    Focuses & Concerns (The Project of Chongqing Press Fund in 2021)
  • Effect of high temperature on RPC performance of standard curing iron tailings
    TIAN Yaogang, HUANG Xianlong, LU Xin, YAN Baobao, QIN Chao, MAO Aijun, LU Tao, ZHAO Jun
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6001-6005. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.001
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    Under standard curing condition, iron tailings of 0%, 30%, 60% and 100% were used to replace quartz sand to prepare reactive powder concrete (RPC). In order to explore the influence of high temperature on its performance, the strength, damping, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests of iron tailings RPC at 200 ℃, 400 ℃, 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ were carried out. The effects of temperature and iron tailings content on apparent characteristics, mass loss, compressive strength, flexural strength, damping property and microstructure of RPC were analyzed. The results show that temperature rising causes the increase of mass loss rate, the decrease of compressive strength and flexural strength, the adding of damping ratio, the attenuation of CH peak strength and the increase of porosity and number of microcracks in iron tailings RPC. Meanwhile, mortar matrix changes from complete to loose. With the increase of iron tailings' replacement rate, apparent cracks, mass loss and damping ratio increase, while compressive strength and flexural strength decrease.
  • Studying of hydrogen compressibility of BCC type V-Ti-M (M=V, Ti, Cr or Zr) alloys
    GAO Yunhe, LI Ke, LIU Huang, ZHOU Chengshang
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6006-6013. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.002
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    Metal hydride hydrogen compression technology has the advantages of good safety, no moving parts, and the ability to use low-grade waste heat. However, this technology has high requirements for the hydrogen sorption plateau pressure, plateau slope, hysteresis of hydrogen storage alloys. In this paper, the influence of the addition of alloying elements on the hydrogen compression properties of BCC structure vanadium-based alloys is studied. The V75Ti20M5 (M=V, Ti, Cr or Zr) hydrogen compression alloys were prepared by the arc melting method, using volume adsorption method to determinate the PCT curve and kinetic properties, and the plateau slope, hysteresis effect, hydrogen compression ratio and hydrogen reaction rate of the alloy PCT curve were obtained by calculation to compare the hydrogen compression properties of alloys. The results show that the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of V75Ti20Cr5 alloy is 1.05 wt%. Compared with V75Ti25 alloy, the hydrogen compression rate is significantly improved, and V75Ti20Zr5 significantly reduces the reversible hydrogen storage, hydrogen compression ratio and hydrogen compression rate of the alloy.
  • Effect of aluminum content on structure and hydrophilicity of MAO coating of titanium aluminum binary alloy
    WANG Cong, WANG Weiqiang, DONG Xufeng, QI Min
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6014-6018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.003
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    Micro arc oxidation of metals and alloys (MAO) involves the interaction between electrolyte and alloy surface at high plasma temperature. In this process, the formation of porous layer on alloy surface is not only closely related to electrolyte composition, but also plays an important role in coating structure and electrical properties. In this paper, MAO of binary Ti Al alloys with different Al content is carried out by adding 0.15 M KOH and 0.1 M Na2B4O7 electrolyte The effect of alloy composition on coating structure in micro arc oxidation process was investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D laser confocal microscope analyzed the morphology and oxide accumulation thickness of the coating, and contact angle tester measured the hydrophilic properties of MAO coating. The results showed that with the increase of matrix Al content, the MAO process was more intense, which would promote the uniform formation of the coating, increase the hole size, oxide accumulation and voltage value. The coatings show good hydrophilicity, and the increase of Al content makes the coating more uniform, resulting in better hydrophilicity.
  • The preparation and mechanical properties of ultra high performance magnesium phosphate cement concrete
    JIA Xingwen, LIAN Lei, TIAN Hao, HOU Tiejun, XIAO Li, TANG Maohua, CHANG Cheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6019-6024. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.004
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    Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) with the fast setting and hardening speed and the high early strength can be used as a cementitious material to prepare the ultra-high performance magnesium phosphate cement concrete (UHPMPCC) with high early strength characteristics without curing measures. In this paper, the effects of steel fiber content and aspect ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of UHPMPCC were studied, and the reinforcement mechanism and influence law of steel fiber in UHPMPCC were analyzed. The results show that 25 mm steel fiber is conducive to improve the early compressive strength, while 13 mm steel fiber is more conducive to improve the long-term mechanical properties of UHPMPCC. When the content of 13 mm steel fiber is 2.5% vol, the 6 h compressive strength and flexural strength of UHPMPCC exceed 60 MPa and 25 MPa, and the 28 d compressive strength and flexural strength exceed 120 MPa and 38 MPa. The surface etching of steel fiber occur due to the MPC slurry is acidic at the early stage. Then, struvite is embedded in the surface etching to enhance the interfacial bonding between MPC matrix and steel fiber, which is helpful to improve the flexural strength of UHPMPCC.
  • Study on the effect of coal gasification slag on the rheological properties of asphalt mastic
    WANG Shuhui, LIU Fang, ZHANG Xiao, GAO Yang, KONG Qingzhong, LIU Xiaodong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6025-6034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.005
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    In order to alleviate environmental problems caused by the accumulation of coal gasification slag, the mineral powder in the asphalt mastic was partially or completely replaced by coal gasification slag, and the influence of coal gasification slag on the rheological properties of asphalt mastic was explored. Based on the X-ray diffractiometry and scanning electron microscope, mineral composition and morphological characteristics of coal gasification slag and mineral powder were compared and analyzed. Based on three physical indices and viscosity tests, the penetration, softening point, ductility and viscosity of asphalt mastic with different coal gasification slag replacement ratio were studied. Temperature scanning test and multiple stress creep recovery test were conducted to evaluate rheological properties of asphalt mastic using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The changes of complex modulus, phase angle, rutting factor, nonrecoverable creep compliance, and percent recovery with the increase of coal gasification slag replacement ratio were analyzed. The results show that the mineral composition of coal gasification slag is more stable than mineral powder. Coal gasification slag has relatively small particle size and large specific surface area, and its irregular particle shape is easier to form firm interface with asphalt. With the increase of coal gasification slag replacement ratio, the high-temperature performance, shear deformation resistance and elasticity of asphalt mastic significantly improved, the temperature sensitivity decreased, and its low-temperature performance slightly decreased. With the increase of temperature, the improvement of coal gasification slag on the high temperature performance of asphalt mastic weakened, and its influence on the viscoelastic composition ratio of asphalt mastic became small. Further research found that coal gasification slag had better elastic recovery effect on asphalt mastic under low stress. And slag had better permanent deformation resistance on asphalt mastic under high stress. The research results can provide reference for the application of coal gasification slag as filler to asphalt pavements.
    • Review & Advanc
  • Research progress of YSZ coating prepared by electrophoretic deposition
    YUAN Binxia, CHEN Tiezhong, ZHU Rui, WANG Daolei, CAO Lan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6035-6039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.006
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    Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has the advantages of high deposition efficiency and low cost. Firstly, the differences between electrophoretic deposition method and electroplating method are introduced in this paper. Then, the development status of YSZ ceramic coating based on EPD technology is reviewed. The research progresses of YSZ coating preparation technology of EPD technology in solid fuel cell, thermal barrier coating and bioceramics are introduced. Finally, the development trend of YSZ coating prepared by EPD is prospected, which is of practical significance to improve the properties of YSZ coating.
  • Researchstatus of thickening agents in stable forming mechanism of aluminum foam cells
    MA Haoyuan, ZHANG Junshan, AN Yukun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6040-6048. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.007
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    As a new type of material with an integrated structure and function, aluminum foam has been widely concerned for its excellent properties of shock absorption, damping, sound absorption and noise reduction. The effects of different types of thickening agents such as alloying element, particle phase, fiber phase, lamellar phase and decomposition product on melt viscosity and bubble stability of aluminum base alloy are presented. In this paper, various phases and viscosity-enhancing mechanism of aluminum foam with diverse types of thickening agents are analyzed, and the research status of aluminum foam at home and abroad is reviewed. The uniform dispersion of the thickening agents requires a long time of stirring, which is easy to make the aluminum melt over-oxidized and produce more oxides in the melt, thus increasing the brittleness of the aluminum foam composite and causing the decline of the material's performance of carrying and absorbing energy. Finally, in view of the above problems, the non-viscosity preparation technology and semi-solid preparation technology, two kinds of development prospects of aluminum foam preparation technology are offered. The advantages of the two preparation technology and the development prospect of aluminum foam are reasonably forecasted.
  • Researchprogress of novel metal organic frameworks/cellulose aerogel hybrids
    ZHANG Chaoling, ZHU Gang, SUN Hao, DENG Shuduan, KANG Kunyong, LI Hui, ZHANG Zijian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6049-6059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.008
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    Cellulose aerogel (CA) can be used as ideal substrate for hybrid nanocomposite owing to their unique three-dimensional layered network structure, abundant porosity and large specific surface area. However, cellulose aerogel materials are prone to structural crumple during the solvent exchange and drying processes due to plenty of hydrophilic hydroxyl on the molecular chains, which reduces their mechanical properties and limits their broad applications. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials are an emerging class of inorganic-organic hybrid porous, which have attracted great interest because of their unique advantages, such as structural diversity, homogeneous and controllable pore size. In recent years, researchers have utilized the intrinsic structure and functional properties of cellulose aerogel as a new carrier to incorporating MOF reinforced phase into the porous network of CA, which fabricates novel functional hybrid nanocomposite. Until now, related basic research is gradually expanding and showing greater potential for application. Herein, this review focuses on discussing the preparation strategies, composition optimization, structural design of novel MOF/CA hybrids, and their applications such as flame retardant performance, separation/adsorption, electromagnetic shielding, etc. Future prospects in synthesis techniques and applications are provided to address opportunities and challenges in this field.
  • Research progress of lignin applied in the field of adsorption materials
    REN Jianpeng, LI Penghui, JIANG Zhengwei, WU Wenjuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6060-6066. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.009
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    As a kind of abundant, cheap and renewable biomass resource, lignin is widely present in plant fiber raw materials. Lignin is a three-dimensional networked aromatic polymer formed by connecting phenylpropane units through ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds. The structure is rich in functional groups such as alcoholic hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, carboxyl and methoxy groups. Through modification or compounding with other materials, it is a kind of functional polymer with great potential, which can be used in oil fields, coal, building materials, agriculture, medicine and other industries, especially the application in the field of adsorption materials has gradually become one of the ways of lignin high value utilization. This paper introduces the preparation of adsorption materials using lignin as raw materials, including porous carbon, hydrogel, aerogel and lignin-based composite materials, and reviews the application research of lignin adsorption materials in the treatment of dyes, heavy metal ions, gases, etc. The future research work of lignin adsorption materials is proposed.
  • Research progress on modification of SiO2 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
    CAO Hu, WANG Shuai, WU Qinyu, SONG, Guangsheng, MA Yangzhou
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6067-6077. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.010
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    SiO2 is considered to be a promising green lithium-ion anode material due to its high theoretical specific capacity (1965 mAh/g), good cycle stability, high abundance and low cost. In fact, when SiO2 is used as the negative electrode material of a lithium battery, because of the large bond energy between Si-O, it is inert to Li+ and does not exhibit good electrochemical performance. However, by surface modification or construction of 3D nanostructures, it exhibits activity against lithium. In order to further understand this anode material, this article reviews the lithiation reaction mechanism of SiO2 as a lithium-ion anode material, and discusses its electrochemical performance from the aspects of size, structure, composite with metal oxides and surface modification. Finally, the challenges and prospects of SiO2 as a negative electrode material are proposed.
    • Research & Development
  • Fabrication and investigation the capacitance performance of polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composites
    ZHOU Sijie, ZHOU Wenchang, ZHANG Xiaoling, YAN Ruiwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6078-6084. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.011
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    The polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composites are prepared by in-situ electrochemical polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The morphology of the prepared composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the PANI/MWCNTs composites have a fibrous structure. The electrochemical properties of the composites are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP). The specific capacitance of materials is investigated by modulating pipe diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotube and thickness of polyaniline. It is found that the specific capacitance of polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composite could reach 147.6 F/g with 50 nm pipe diameter of carbon nanotubes and 5 cycles for the deposition of polyaniline when the current density is 0.5 mA/cm2. These studies would provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the preparation of polyaniline/carbon nanotubes supercapacitor materials.
  • Study on electrodeposition of Ni-Fe-Sm catalytic electrode for hydrogen evolution in choline chloride-urea system
    ZHAO Jing, CHEN Biqing, JING Xinxin, ZHAI Jiaxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6085-6094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.012
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    The Ni-Fe-Sm/Cu rare earth alloy electrode was prepared by potentiostatic electrodeposition in choline chloride-urea system and its hydrogen evolution (HER) performance was investigated. The effects of deposition conditions on the hydrogen precipitation performance of rare earth alloy electrodes and their surface morphology were investigated by LSV, CV and SEM. The results show that the hydrogen evolution performance of the alloy electrode was improved by the addition of rare earth element Sm. The optimal preparation conditions were deposited at a deposition potential of -1.22 V for 20 min. At a current density of 10 mA/cm2, the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the Ni-Fe-Sm/Cu alloy was only 115 mV and the Tafel slope was the smallest. The hydrogen evolution reaction was controlled by the Volmer-Heyrovsky reaction. The Ni-Fe-Sm/Cu alloy had the highest electric double layer capacitance and the largest electrocatalytic active surface area. The Ni-Fe-Sm/Cu alloy electrode showed a higher charge transfer rate by the AC impedance method (EIS). In addition, the Ni-Fe-Sm/Cu rare-earth alloy electrode showed good stability in alkaline media. 1 000 sweeps of cyclic voltammetry were conducted and no obvious change was observed.
  • Preparation and thermal properties of in-situ grown graphene reinforced copper matrix materials
    ZHANG Liqi, LI Hongwei, QIAO Yuxi, QIAN Zonghao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6095-6099. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.013
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    In this paper, graphene from inexpensive sucrose is prepared by in-situ growth directly on the Cu flakes, and Cu matrix materials (Cu-MMs) with various in-situ graphene content is fabricated by hot-press sintering. The effect of sucrose content on the phase composition, microstructure and thermal properties of bulk Cu-MMs is studied by XRD, SEM, thermal conductivity (TC) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). Results obtained indicate that after the heat treatment at 800 ℃ for 15 min under the H2/Ar gas flow, the in-situ growth of graphene on the surface of Cu flakes occurs. The graphene exhibits good attachment to Cu matrix and homogenous dispersion, which is beneficial for thermal properties of Cu-MMs. With 0.73vol% grapheme, the TC of Cu-MMs reaches 339 W/(m·K), which is higher by 19.3% than that of Cu, and meanwhile CTE is far lower than that of Cu from 50 ℃ to 300 ℃.
  • Preparation and properties of nano-TiO2 modified cement-based concrete composites
    SHI Jie, SHEN Ziyang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6100-6105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.014
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    Using nano-TiO2 as filler, by adjusting the doping ratio of nano-TiO2 (0, 2 wt%, 4 wt% and 6 wt%), nano-TiO2 modified cement-based concrete composites with different content were prepared. The mechanical properties, micro morphology and durability of concrete composites were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of nano-TiO2 doping content, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete composites first increased and then decreased, and the porosity and wear amount first decreased and then slightly increased. When the doping content of nano-TiO2 was 4 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength reached the maximum at 28 d, which were 42.57 and 5.62 MPa respectively, the minimum porosity was 9.57%, the minimum wear amount was 1.81 kg/m2, and the maximum wear reduction rate was 42.54%. The test of salt freezing resistance showed that after 7 freeze-thaw cycles, with the increase of nano-TiO2 doping content, the mass loss rate continues to decreasing and the salt freezing resistance was significantly improved. SEM analysis showed that the morphology of ettringite changed from needle like to oblate shape after adding appropriate amount of nano TiO2, which promoted the formation of gelatin and enhanced the compactness of the whole structure, thus improving the mechanical properties of the concrete composite. Comprehensive analysis shows that the optimal doping ratio of nano-TiO2 was 4 wt%.
  • Study on the efficiency of Mn/Mo catalyst in ozone microelectrolysis of wastewater
    XIN Linting, NAIERGEZAI Yakefu, YUN Yanbin, LIU Na, HAN Mengxia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6106-6111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.015
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    The dyeing wastewater has high chromaticity, complex composition and poor biodegradability. In view of these characteristics, adding manganese or molybdenum oxide into the iron-carbon filler as catalyst can improve the efficiency of ozone micro electrolysis treatment of dyeing wastewater. The treatment effect of waste water was compared to find out the best amount of manganese or molybdenum catalyst. The filler and wastewater were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) to explore the catalytic role of catalysts in ozone-microelectrolysis treatment of dyeing wastewater. The experimental results show that the best proportion of manganese in packing is n(Fe)∶n(Mn)=12∶1, and the best proportion of molybdenum is n(Fe)∶n(Mo)= 40∶1. Their COD removal rates are 91.16% and 83.99%, respectively, and the biodegradability of the wastewater treated by iron-carbon-manganese fillers is up to 0.66. Combined with the physical and chemical characterization of experimental materials, comprehensive analysis shows that the catalytic effect of manganese and molybdenum catalyst is obvious, and manganese catalyst is better than molybdenum catalyst.
  • Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 photocatalyst Co-doped with indium and X(X=B,Ce)
    ZHANG Penghui, LI Yanchun, LIU Dong, PAN Kaitao, HU Huaisheng, HU Haobin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6112-6118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.016
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    The titania photocatalyst Co-doped with indium and X (X=boron, cerium) is prepared by the sol-gel method under ultrasonic irradiation. Here boric acid, indium nitrate and cerium nitrate are used as precursors of boron, indium and cerium, respectively. The photocatalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Photocatalytic performances of all prepared samples are evaluated by analyzing the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under sunlight irradiation. The results reveal that all the samples are anatase TiO2 crystalline phase, and Co-doping can significantly improve the surface state properties of TiO2 and enhance generation of reactive oxygen species. After the Co-doping with indium and boron, the band gap narrows due to the mixed valence band formed by the B2p of interstitial B ions hybridized with O2p and part of indium ion substitutes Ti into the TiO2 lattice forming the Ti-O-In structure. The red-shift of the absorption threshold indicates that the indium and cerium Co-doped TiO2 has a narrow bandwidth, which may be derived from the inter-function of the photo-activity TiO2 surface with the heterojunction formed by TiO2 and Ce oxides networks via chemical bonds and the synergistic effect of the two dopants on the electronic structure of TiO2. The degradation rate of RhB by B, In-TiO2 and In,Ce-TiO2 catalysts reaches up 99% under sunlight irradiation with an apparent rate constant of 0.7907 and 0.8525/min, respectively.
  • Preparation of all-solid Z-type WO3/Ag/Ag3PO4 and its photodegradation property of RhB
    SUN Xiuling, JIA Chunmin, JIA Shanshan, FU Yunlong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6119-6129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.017
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    Photocatalyst has a wide range of applications in environmental purification, solar energy conversion and water decomposition. Among them, all-solid Z-type photocatalytic system have attracted much attention because of their stable structure and high catalytic performance. Tungsten trioxide is a stable semiconductor with low toxicity and the hole carrier in valence band has strong oxidation capacity, but it is week in response to visible light and catalytic activity. Silver phosphate is highly responsive to visible light, but is prone to photocorrosion. Ag3PO4 and tungsten trioxide match in band gap, so the composite catalyst catalytic can be improved in activity and stability by combining the two semiconductors to construct the all-solid Z-type catalytic system. In this study, tungsten oxide with core-shell structure (WO3/WO3-X) was firstly synthesized by hydrothermal method with tungsten oxide pentahydrate ammonium salt as raw material and oxalic acid as inducer. And then, the all-solid Z-type catalyst WO3/Ag/Ag3PO4 (Abbr eViated AW) was prepared by in-situ deposition method and composite with Ag3PO4. By the characterization methods of XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis and so on, it was proved that Ag+ and oxygen vacancy on WO3/ WO3-X surface undergo in-situ redox reaction, so that part of Ag+ is reduced to Ag by oxygen vacancy defect, and closely adhered to the surface of tungsten oxide. Through the experiment of degrading rhodamine B(RhB) by AW under visible light condition, the each component content in AW is optimized. The result is that the best catalytic performance was obtained when the content of silver phosphate was 83%. And RhB could be completely degraded in 4 min. Finally, combining with the study of photocatalysis mechanism, the Z-type catalysis mechanism is proposed.
  • Angle dependence of ferromagnetic resonance in NiFe-YIG granular films
    HAN Ying, ZHENG Bohan, ZHONG Zhiiyong
    Jorunal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6130-6136. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.018
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    In this thesis, the measurement results of ferromagnetic resonance of nickel iron alloy yttrium iron garnet (NiFe-YIG) granular thin films are given in order to study the mechanism of linewidth broadening in the films. The 50 nm thickness of NiFe-YIG granular thin films was prepared by RF magnetron sputtering on silicon subtrate. The out of plane angle ferromagnetic resonance was mainly measured. The linewidth was separated by combining the theories of Gilbert damping, two-magnon scattering (short-range defect excitation) and mosaic effect (long-range defect excitation). It can be found that data of linewidth and field angle are consistent with the theory. When the YIG content is low, the linewidth is mainly composed of Gilbert damping and two-magnon damping linewidth. With the increase of YIG content, the linewidth broadening effect caused by two-magnon scattering and mosaic effect increases, and the relevant basic parameters and defect information are obtained.
  • Fabrication, interface structure and properties of porous aluminum filter material with dual-corrugated structure
    SHI Jinhong, GUO Jianxin, HUANG Bei, ZUO Xiaoqing, ZHOU Yun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6137-6144. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.019
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    In order to control the emission of fine solid particles in the industrial flue gas at normal high temperature (200-250 ℃), a porous aluminum filter material with dual-corrugated structure was prepared by powder plasticizing warm pressing and pseudo-semi-solid hot pressing. The interface structure and properties (mechanics, filtration and normal high temperature oxidation resistance) were studied. The results show that the dual-corrugated structure is composed of the filter layer and support layer with a porosity of 50%-55%, a pore size of 20-25 μm, 40-45 μm(A) and 1-10 μm, 19-48 μm(B), respectively. The air permeability and filtration efficiency of the porous aluminum filter materials with dual-corrugated structure are (1.14-1.23) m3/(h·kPa·m2), 86%, and (0.95-1.13) m3/(h·kPa·m2), 90% respectively, when the pressure difference is 1.0-1.5 kPa. There is no obvious boundary between the layers, which are seamlessly connected. Compared with the glue bonded double-layer porous aluminum plate, the yield strength is increased by 31.58%. The oxidation rate at 250 ℃ is 0.00735 mg/(cm2·h). After 64 h of oxidation, the oxide film stopped growing, and the generated Al2O3 during the oxidation process increases the pore wall thickness and pore size reduce from 20-25 μm to 8-14 μm, which is beneficial to further improve the filtration efficiency and filtration accuracy. Through the above research, the dual-corrugated structure porous aluminum filter material with seamless connection between layers, high strength, filtering performance equivalent to that of sinter-plate filter, and superior oxidation resistance at normal high temperature is obtained.
  • Removal of phosphate from high organism concentration solution by
    YU Yefan, XU Ling, NI Zhongbing, SHI Dongjian, CHEN Mingqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6145-6150. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.020
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    In order to improve the adsorption capacity of biochar, a N-doped biochar was designed. It was produced in the pyrolysis process by adding carbamide into bamboo powder. Then, the complex composed of NBC-Fe3O4 was obtained by loading Fe3O4 on the surface of biochar by in situ deposition. SEM and XPS were used to characterize the surface of NBC-Fe3O4. The adsorption capacity of NBC-Fe3O4 was tested by using an aqueous solution containing KH2PO4 as a model pollute. The results showed that the highest removal efficiency could be nearly 100% when pH is at 7. The maximum adsorption capacity in theory is 20.3 mg/g. The adsorption isotherms fit Langmuir equation model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model perfectly. Moreover, the Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) in the complex can further form Fenton oxidation process in the existence of H2O2. It makes NBC-Fe3O4 oxidize humic acid and adsorb PO3-4 at the same time. The obtained Fe3O4- N-doped biochar can be a novel adsorbent for removal of the phosphate in high organism concentration solution.
  • Preparation of In2O3 microtubules with abundant oxygen vacancies at room temperature and their chlorine gas sensing properties
    MA Jiangwei, LI Yimin, ZHU Yawu, YONG Hui, CUI Yan, SUN Zhigang, HU Jifan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6151-6158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.021
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    Because of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the disinfectants have become a daily necessity. The chlorine gas is an important industrial raw material for disinfectants. And the demand of chlorine gas is increasing. As is known to all, chlorine gas is a toxic gas and harmful to health. However, the gas sensors based on common metal oxide semiconductor are not sensitive to low concentrations of chlorine gas. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the gas sensing materials based on metal oxide semiconductor that are high sensitivity to trace leakage of chlorine gas. In this work, In2O3 microtubules were synthesized by bio-template method with degreasing cotton. In2O3 microtubules was simply treated with NaBH4 reduction and In2O3 microtubules with abundant oxygen vacancies were successfully prepared at room temperature. The effects of the method on the crystal structure, morphology and oxygen vacancies were investigated by means of XRD, SEM, XPS and EPR. The results showed that this method could effectively enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancies in In2O3 materials without the destruction on crystal structure and morphology. In the gas sensing tests, the gas response of In2O3 microtubules with NaBH4 treatment was about 13 times higher than In2O3 microtubules to the same low concentration of chlorine gas. In another word, the In2O3 microtubules were more sensitive to low concentration of chlorine gas after NaBH4 treatment. According to the analysis of gas sensing mechanism, chlorine gas molecule was not only directly adsorbed on the material surface but also oxygen vacancies of material surface. Thus it can be seen that the oxygen vacancies on material surface played an important role in chlorine gas-sensing performance. Because there are more oxygen vacancies in the In2O3 microtubules treated by NaBH4 than the untreated, the In2O3 microtubules with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibited excellent sensitivity to low concentration chlorine gas.
  • Preparation and response behavior of reversible thermochromic polyurethane cement composites
    JIA Zhen, JIA Dongzhe, BAO Wenhui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6159-6163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.022
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    In order to meet the needs of green building development, this paper combined polyurethane cement (PUC), which is a fast-strengthening material with light weight and excellent performance, with thermochromic material. The thermochromic PUC was prepared by sol-gel method using acrylic resin as carrier. Firstly, the thermochromic properties of the composites were characterized. The results show that the concentration of thermochromic materials has a significant effect on the thermochromic properties of the composites, and the color difference value ΔE* reaches the maximum when the concentration of thermochromic materials is 4% (41.5). In addition, the accelerated aging and wear tests show that, the modified PUC composite has good UV resistance and mechanical stability, which is a new kind of energy saving and environmental protection material for urban green buildings.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation of fibrous electrodes and supercapacitors from Ti3C2Tx combined with CNT with surface holes
    GUO Zijiao, LU Zan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6164-6170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.023
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    The purpose of suppressing self-stacking between 2D materials was achieved by using the structural characteristics of Ti3C2Tx and carbon nanotube (CNT). A mesoporous structure was priorily constructed on the surface of Ti3C2Tx, and composite fibers were synergistically prepared with CNT by wet spinning, which further increased the ion transport channels in the fiber electrode. The results show that the p-Ti3C2Tx /CNT fiber electrode exhibited the highest volumetric capacitance of 167.9 F/cm3 at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. The specific capacitance of the assembled symmetric fiber supercapacitor was 107.6 F/cm3 at a current density of 0.2 A/cm3. The specific capacitance retention rate reached at 88.3% after 10000 charge-discharge cycles and showed a good electrochemical performance under different bending angles.
  • The effect of P addition on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties of Fe-Si-Nb-Cu-B ribbons based on magnetic interaction
    ZHU Qianke, GUO Lu, CHEN Zhe, ZHU Ziteng, ZHANG Kewei, JIANG Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6171-6176. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.024
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    By alloying metalloid element, the amorphous forming ability and soft magnetic properties could be improved for the Fe based amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys. In this paper, Fe73.5Si13.5Nb3Cu1B9-xPx (x=0, 3 at%, 6 at%, 9 at%) ribbons were fabricated using the melt spinning technique, and the effect of substitution of B by P on the microstructure and soft magnetic properties have been studied based on the magnetic interaction between elements. It is found that, P addition improves the onset temperature of the primary crystallization and thus the glass forming ability, but reduces the onset temperature of the secondary crystallization and thus its thermal stability. The 3 at% P addition is beneficial for the precipitation of α-Fe and the grain size refinement. After annealed at 525 ℃, the optimal soft magnetic properties are obtained in x=3 at% alloy, meanwhile, the grain size is 9 nm, the coercivity is 0.21 A/m and the effective permeability is higher than that of x=0 alloy. However, P addition decreases the magnetic moment of Fe in the residual amorphous phase and thus the saturation magnetization.
  • The influence of the calcination ambiences on the properties of sol-gel synthesized MgAl2O4 powders
    CHEN Shijun, LI Jianshan, HUANG Qijun, KANG Bo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6177-6181. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.025
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    The influence of the calcination ambiences (air and O2) on the property of MgAl2O4 powders was investigated, transparent spinel ceramic was fabricated through vacuum hot pressing method. The properties of the calcinated powder were characterized by using XRD, BET, SEM and TMA measurements. The results show that the sintering ambience has a significant effects on the agglomeration rate and sinterability of the powder. Powder calcinated at O2 ambience possess a smaller particle size and good dispersity with higher sinterability. Using 1 100 ℃ calcinated powder at O2 ambience as starting powder, transparent spinel ceramic was fabricated through hot pressing method at 1 500 ℃ (ILT=36%~47% at visible light rang).
  • Effect of lignin modified phenolic resin adhesive on water-resistant sandpaper
    QIAN Liying, LIU Wentao, HE Beihai, LI Junrong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6182-6190. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.026
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    The use of oily organic solvents in the production of water-resistant sandpaper causes the environmental problems. Meanwhile, phenolic resin adhesive will result in the shortcomings such as the brittleness of sandpaper. In order to solve these problems, the lignin modified phenolic resin was synthesized by adding toughening agents of polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The lignin modified phenolic resin adhesive was prepared after ethanol dilution for water-resistant sandpaper. The water absorption, the mechanical properties and the grinding properties of modified resin roll-coated paper base were investigated. The results showed that the modified phenolic resin adhesive with solvent lignin and 1.0 wt% PEG 600 is good for low water absorption. The water absorption of the paper base was 0.035 g/(m2·s) with 130 min of the reaction time, 160 ℃ of the curing temperature and 10 min of the curing time. It was 20.45% lower than that of the paper base when the reaction time was 60 min. The wet tensile strength of paper base was 10.28 kN/m, and the z-direction tensile strength was 1 002.7 kPa when the reaction time was 150 min. They were 22.23% and 31.17% higher than those of 60 min, respectively. Paper base showed the lowest water absorption, the highest wet tensile strength and the moderate z-direction tensile strength, when 1.0 wt% PEG 600 was added and the solid content of modified resin was 25%. Water absorption, wet tensile strength and z-direction tensile strength were 0.036 g/(m2·s), 10.56 kN/m and 886.4 kPa, respectively. The phenolic resins were modified by adding 0.8 wt% and 1.0 wt% PEG 600 as toughening agents. The solid content of the modified resin after dilution was kept between 25% and 30%. The sandpaper was made from the paper base treated with the modified resin, and the standard aluminum bar was ground with the sandpaper. The sandpaper showed no tearing or peeling after grinding for 30 min which meets the qualification requirements.
  • Matensitic transformation and shape memory behaviors of Ti-Ni-Cu-Cr alloy with narrow temperature hysteresis
    HE Zhirong, WANG Fang, DU Yuqing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6191-6199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.027
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    In order to develop a Ti-Ni base shape memory alloy with narrow temperature hysteresis and stable properties, Ti-45Ni-5Cu-0.3Cr (atomic fraction) shape memory alloy wires were designed and manufactured. The matensitic transformation and shape memory behaviors of annealed and aged Ti-45Ni-5Cu-0.3Cr alloy were studied and the effect of the deformation temperature on the shape memory behaviors of the alloy was investigatied by differential scanning calorimeter and microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine. It shows that the one-step reversible matensitic transformation of A→M/M→A (A-parent phase B2, CsCl; M-matensite B19′, monoclinic) occurs in the Ti-45Ni-5Cu-0.3Cr alloy annealed at 350-700 ℃ for 0.5 h and aged at 300-600 ℃ for 1-50 h upon cooling/heating. The martensitic transformation temperature is stable, and changes in the range of 14-21 ℃. The temperature hysteresis is narrow, and changes in the range of 17-21 ℃. At the room temperature, both annealed and aged Ti-45Ni-5Cu-0.3Cr alloys exhibit shape memory effect and the shape memory behavior is stable. With the increase of deformation temperature, the stress-strain plateau stress increases, the residual strain decreases, the alloy characteristics change from shape memory effect to superelasticity, and the transition temperature is between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ in Ti-45Ni-5Cu-0.3Cr alloy.
  • Preparation of thermal conductive insulating composites by magnetic field induced orientation of nano Fe3O4 modified flake alumina
    XU Qingchong, QIN Yishen, CHEN Zhenxing, HU Jiaxin, LIAO Yanling, LIU Yongfeng, LI Long, WEI Shiyang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6200-6204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.028
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    Induced orientation of nano Fe3O4 modified flake alumina particles in epoxy resin (E20) were investigated under the NdFeB permanent magnetic field and the effects of magnetic field strength, induction time, mass ratio of Fe3O4 to alumina and filler filling rate on the thermal conductivity of the composites were studied together with the insulation strength, thermal stability of composites and the peel strength of its copper clad laminate. The thermal conductivity of the Al2O3@Fe3O4/E20 composites can be improved with the increase of magnetic field strength. When the induction time of magnetic field is more than 60 min, the thermal conductivity of the composites is almost constant. The thermal conductivity of the composites can be improved through increasing the mass ratio of Fe3O4 to alumina. However, considering the insulation of the composites, the Fe3O4 coating amount should be controlled. Under the conditions of magnetic field intensity 120 mT, induction time 60 min, mass ratio of Fe3O4 to alumina 1/30 and filling rate of flaky Al2O3@Fe3O4 composite particles 70 wt%, the thermal conductivity of flaky Al2O3@Fe3O4 composites is 1.45 W/(m·K), which is 34.26% higher than that of the flaky alumina particles filled composites. The temperature corresponding to 5% mass loss of the composite is 366 ℃ and the peel strength of copper clad laminate is greater than 1.74 N/mm.
  • Effects of different deposition methods on microstructure and friction properties of Ni-W/SiC composite coatings
    YANG Zhongguo, FU Xinyue, YI Shujuan, WANG Shi, LI Qiang, GUO Shengjie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6205-6211. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.029
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    Aiming to improve the surface properties of Ni-W/SiC composite coatings, the Ni-W/SiC composite coatings were prepared on 304 stainless steel by electrodeposition technology. The effects of pulse electrodeposition, jet electrodeposition and ultrasonic-jet electrodeposition on the microstructure and properties of the coatings were compared and analyzed. The surface morphology, surface roughness and element composition of the coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The phase composition and the grain size of coatings were researched by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness and friction properties of the coating were studied by microhardness tester and friction and wear tester. The results show that the porosity, roughness, grain size, wear and friction coefficient of Ni-W/SiC composite coatings decrease in turn, while the flatness and microhardness of the coatings increase in turn according to the order of pulse, jet and ultrasonic jet electrodeposition. The microhardness of Ni-W/SiC composite coatings prepared by ultrasonic-jet electrodeposition is 626.3 HV and the weight loss is 1.1 g. Compared with pulse and jet electrodeposited Ni-W/SiC composite coatings, the depth of wear mark of ultrasonic-jet electrodeposited Ni-W/SiC composite coating is shallower and the wear mark track is wider, which shows the excellent wear resistance.
  • Preparation and sodium storage performances of PPy-coated biomass-derived carbon/MoS2 composites
    ZHAO Lijun, XIE Dong, HUANG Han, ZENG Ying, OUYANG Dongkun, WEI Yujun, CHENG Faliang, MAI Yongjin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6212-6218. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.030
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    To solve the problems of fast capacity decay and poor rate performance of MoS2 as anode material of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), herein, a simple one-step hydrothermal method was used to grow MoS2 in situ on the petals biomass carbon (PC) skeleton of kapok, and a layer of polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on the material surface to prepare PC/MoS2@PPy composite. A series of characterization tests, such as SEM, XRD and Raman, were used to analyze the morphology, structure and composition, and the electrochemical performances of the material as the anode material of SIBs were tested by assembling the half-cells. The results show that the MoS2 nanosheets with extended layer-spacing of 0.98 nm are uniformly loaded on the layered-network skeleton of PC, together with the PPy coating layer forming the PC/MoS2@PPy composite. This layered sandwiched structure provides a large number of reactive sites for electrochemical sodium storage and effectively alleviates the volume variation of MoS2 in the long cycling process. The three-dimensional conductive network composed of biomass carbon skeleton and PPy also effectively improves the electrical conductivity of the electrodes and accelerates the reaction kinetics of the electrode material. Therefore, the initial discharge capacity of the electrode is up to 652.9 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, the specific capacity still remains at 394 mAh/g after 100 cycles and the capacity retention rate is maintained at 91%.
  • Preparation and properties of nano-SiO2/phenolic resin composites
    FENG Man
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6219-6223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.031
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    Nano-SiO2/phenolic resin composites with different doping amounts (0, 2wt%, 4wt%, 6wt%) were prepared. The effects of nano-SiO2 doping on the spectral properties, mechanical properties, micro morphology, thermal stability and waterproof properties of the composites were studied by FT-IR, mechanical properties test, SEM, TGA and water absorption test. The results showed that all nano-SiO2/phenolic resin composites had typical phenolic resin structure. After adding nano-SiO2, the mechanical properties of the composites were improved. When the doping amount of Nano-SiO2 was 4wt%, the tensile strength and fracture elongation of the composites reached the maximum, which were 24.7 MPa and 15.68% respectively. After adding nano-SiO2, the matrix of the composite began to show dendritic fine cracks from no cracks. With the increase of Nano-SiO2 doping, the cracks gradually increased. The thermal stability of the composites was improved by adding nano-SiO2. When the doping amount of nano-SiO2 was 6 wt%, the highest decomposition temperature was 671.5 ℃. After adding nano-SiO2, the waterproof performance of the composite was improved. When the doping amount of nano-SiO2 was 4wt%, the minimum water absorption of the composite for 24 h was 0.87%. Overall, the optimum doping amount of nano-SiO2 was 4 wt%.
  • Preparation and properties of rubber powder/SBS composite modified asphalt binder
    SUO Lijun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6224-6229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.032
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    The 70# road petroleum asphalt was selected as the base asphalt,and 3wt% SBS and rubber powder with different doping contents (5wt%,10wt%,15wt% and 20wt%) were added into the base asphalt as modifiers to prepare rubber powder/SBS composite modified asphalt binder.Through penetration,softening point,ductility and viscosity,the effect of rubber powder doping content on the properties of composite modified asphalt was studied,and the optimum doping content was determined.Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence images of the samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to analyze the modification mechanism of the samples.The anti-aging properties of the samples were investigated by indoor thermal oxidation aging test.The results showed that when the content of rubber powder was15wt%,the penetration of composite modified asphalt was low,and the softening point,ductility and viscosity reached the maximum,which were 64.8 ℃,18.1 cm and 751 Pa·s respectively.The particles of composite modified asphalt were fine,SBS and rubber powder disperse well,and there was no obvious crosslinking.FT-IR analysis showed that the absorbance of composite modified asphalt decreased with the increased of rubber powder doping,the position of characteristic peak didn't change,composite modified asphalt didn't produce new substances,and the modification process belonged to physical modification.The aging test showed that the effect of rubber powder/SBS composite modified asphalt was better than that of SBS modified asphalt.With the increased of the amount of rubber powder,the anti-aging properties of the composite modified asphalt increased first and then decreased.When the amount of rubber powder was 15wt%, the anti-aging property was the best.
  • Li+ doping enhances the electrochemical performance of high sodium P2-Na0.85Mn2/3Ni1/3O2 cathode materials
    CAO Bo, Wang Hui, LYU Xin, WANG Juan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2022, 53(6): 6230-6236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2022.06.033
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    P2-type layered oxide cathode materials are prone to Na+/vacancy ordering and P2 to O2/OP4 phase transitions during charge/discharge, resulting in multiple charge/discharge plateaus. Low-sodium P2-type layered oxides tend to cause structural instability of the material during deep desodiation, which limits the reversible capacity. These defects cause poor rate and rapid capacity decay of P2-type layered oxide cathode materials. In order to suppress Na+/vacancy ordering and phase transition, P2-type Na0.85Mn0.6Ni0.3Li01O2(NMNL-0.1) layered oxide cathode materials without multiple voltage plateaus and phase transition were prepared by solvent heat method combined with lithium doping. The capacity retention of the NMNL-0.1 cathode material was 83% after 200 cycles at 2 C current density, while the capacity retention of the undoped lithium P2-type Na0.85Mn2/3Ni1/3O2 (NMN) sample was 30%. The discharge specific capacity of NMNL-0.1 cathode material is 62.5 mAh/g at 20 C current density. The results of cyclic voltammetric curves (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show that the charge/discharge curves of the lithium-doped NMNL-0.1 cathode material are smooth and the Na+ diffusion rate is increased, which improves the rate performance and cyclic stability of the layered oxide cathode material.
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