With the continuous use of fossil fuels, the emission of CO₂ increases significantly, which seriously affects nowadays' ecology. In order to reduce the emission of CO₂, it's urgent to use clean energy to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen energy has advantages of high heat value and zero CO₂ emission, making it a good substitute of fossil fuels. However, its small density and low boiling point make it difficult to storage, which limits its large-scale application. At present, hydrogen energy is stored in high-pressure tanks, which have disadvantages of low hydrogen capacity, high cost of transportation and hydrogen embrittlement. The key point of large-scale commercial application of hydrogen is developing new kind of hydrogen storage materials and technologies. Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) as a kind of hollow, small size and pressure-resistant material, have advantages of good stability, high hydrogen capacity, low cost and no hydrogen embrittlement, which make them have great potential in hydrogen storage. This paper reviews the development of hydrogen storage in HGMs, introduces the mechanism and influencing factors of hydrogen storage in HGMs and further introduces the research of hydrogen release rate and response time.

Novel aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film has excellent optical properties and low cost, and is expected to replace the mature indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film. This paper mainly describes the structure and optoelectronic properties of AZO thin films, and focuses on the preparation processes and application fields of the thin films. Finally, the future industrialization of AZO thin films is projected.

The rapid hemostasis and healing of wounds is of great significance for the treatment of accidental bleeding. As a kind of extremely hydrophilic multi-dimensional network structure gel, hydrogel has great application advantages in hemostatic materials due to its excellent rheology, adhesion and injectability, especially in irregular wounds and deeper wounds. It has an irreplaceable hemostatic effect of other shape materials. Hydrogels such as natural polysaccharide polymers, proteins and synthetic macromolecular polymers have attracted extensive attention due to their high water absorption, biocompatibility, adhesion of blood cell, or activation of coagulation factors in the field of hemostatic materials, and have made great progress in research. In this paper, the preparation of various hydrogel hemostatic materials and the latest application research achievements in recent years are comprehensively reviewed, and the development prospects of hydrogel hemostatic materials are prospected.

Cellulose has the characteristics of renewable, degradable, environmental, pollution-free, etc. Using celluloses as raw materials, the prepared cellulose-based membrane material shows excellent properties of separation, adsorption, conduction, magnetic and stimulus-response, and is widely used in separation, conduction, packaging, adsorption, and other research fields. In this paper, the application of cellulosic materials in the fields of separation film, conductive film, packaging film, and adsorption film was reviewed, and its future development trend was prospected.

Diabetes, a metabolic disease, can lead to vascular dysfunction and severe wound infection owing to the hyperglycemia in patients, which causes the wounds of diabetic patients prone to pathogenic bacterial infection, leading to the wound difficult to heal. To solve this problem, in this study, a NIR laser/glucose dual-responsive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film (PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx) was constructed based on Ag₂S/liquid metal compound and glucose oxidase (GOx) for efficiently eliminating pathogenic bacteria and relieve wound infection. The characterization results of XRD, SEM, EDS and BCA protein detection and analysis proved the successful preparation of Ag₂S@LM compound and PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx thin films. The PL spectrum results indicated that compared with the Ag₂S, the photoexcited electron-hole pairs separation efficiency of the Ag₂S@LM compound is significantly improved. The photothermal experimental results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx can effectively generated heat under NIR irradiation. Subsequently, photodynamic/chemodynamic results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under NIR irradiation and glucose environments by NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed, which have the potential to cause oxidative stress to bacteria. Antibacterial experiments showed that the PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx film can effectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), proving that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx thin film possesses NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed synergistic bactericidal ability. This research not only provides a new method and experimental support for the treatment of wound infection in diabetic patients, but also provides a new idea for designing the novel thin film materials.

Traditional industrial ammonia production mainly comes from the Haber-Bosch method operated under high temperature and pressure, which requires high energy consumption and brings about large pollution. With electric energy as energy source and water as proton/electron source, nitrogen could be reduced to ammonia via the synergistic effect of voltage and catalyst. The electrocatalysis ammonia technology has gradually developed into one of the effective ways in ammonia synthesis. The key to the electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis technology is the design of catalysts and optimization of reaction systems. The reasonably design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts is considered as important approach to optimize the production kinetics and Faradaic efficiency. Here, the paper describes the primary classifications and research progress of electrocatalysts, which mainly include noble metal, transition metal, single-atom and non-precious metals. Then, the development of ammonia synthesis technology and reaction mechanism during the electrocatalytic ammonia production are elaborated. Moreover, the strategies for improving the activity in electrocatalytic ammonia production are reviewed, including surface morphology optimization, crystal defect engineering, composite material composition, phase interface, addition of additives, etc. Finally, the issues and challenges as well as development trends in the future are prospected.

Photocatalytic technology is an effective way to solve the two major problems of environmental problems and energy crisis. The development of efficient photocatalysts has become a research hotspot in this field. As new type of carbon nanomaterial, Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have garnered much attention in the field of photocatalysis because of their unique up-conversion luminescence and excellent photogenerated electron transfer properties. In this paper, the mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and the properties of carbon quantum dots was introduced, the research progress of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water by carbon quantum dots was reviewed with emphasis, followed by an outlook on their future and potential development.

Flexible electronic devices are widely used in radio-frequency communication antennas, sensor detection, medical health, microelectronics, and other fields. On account of the low density, extremely high flexibility, and deformability of polymers, they can satisfy the requirement of flexible electronic devices for customization and versatility. Besides, the further development was restricted to the low conductivity and poor mechanical properties of flexible polymers, based on the above challenges, there has been an increased research focus on the representative of modern technology such as electroless plating, laser molding, and vacuum deposition, which provided the significant solutions for surface patterning, miniaturization, and customization for flexible electronic device. This review summarizes the research progress of surface metallization processes of flexible polymers in recent years, and the fundamental principles and the rules of these techniques are discussed along with the process parameters and indicated the strengths and weaknesses, followed by an exploration of the latest progress and future prospects in the field.

KIT-6 is a typical three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silica, which has a wide range of applications in the fields of catalysis and adsorption. By doping the framework Al to endow the KIT-6 material with acid sites, the adsorption performance of the Al-KIT-6 material for basic dye molecules can be significantly improved. However, it is difficult to controllably synthesize Al-KIT-6 with inorganic silicon and aluminum sources. In this study, a series of Al-KIT-6 materials were directly synthesized by a pH-controlled hydrothermal method with fly ash-based sodium silicate, which can induce Al atoms doping into the KIT-6 silicon framework. The texture properties of Al-KIT-6 were characterized by N₂-physical adsorption, XRD, TEM, Al NMR, XPS and NH₃-TPD. The results showed that the synthesized Al-KIT-6 material had an ordered mesoporous structure. Al was mainly doped into the framework of KIT-6 material, thereby significantly increasing the acid content and acid strength. The adsorption experiments of the synthesized Al-KIT-6 materials on basic methylene blue molecules showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-KIT-6 materials increased with the increase of Al incorporation. The adsorption kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the adsorption isotherm model fitting results showed that the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption model.

Mechanochromic polymers (MCPs), which can change color or fluorescence in response to mechanical stimuli, show applications in stress sensing and damage visualization. However, MCPs usually display only one color or fluorescence change under an external mechanical stimulus, which limits their use in multimodal analysis of stress and destruction sensing. Therefore, MCPs that exhibit multiple color changes at different intensities or under various types of external mechanical forces have become a research focus. In this paper, the research status of multicolor mechanochromic polymers, including the design strategy and mechanism, is introduced and discussed.

M-type barium ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉, BaM) is an excellent hexagonal permanent magnet material with high saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy and remanence ratio. It not only plays an important role in promoting the development and manufacture of self-biased circulators, but also makes the miniaturization process of microwave antennas and the development of new band radar easier to achieve in the future. In addition, M-type barium ferrite is also a typical double-dielectric magnetic material with good electromagnetic loss and resonance absorption characteristics. It can be used to fabricate absorbing materials with excellent performance, which can be used for harmful electromagnetic wave shielding in life and stealth technology of military aircraft. Therefore, the development and utilization of M-type barium ferrite materials have far-reaching influence on the future people's livelihood and military technology. In this paper, the common preparation methods of M-type barium ferrite in recent years are discussed and reviewed, especially the preparation of M-type barium ferrite single crystal materials. In addition, the crystal structure of M-type barium ferrite and its application as magnetic element in microwave devices are also introduced.

Stable dielectric constant and low dielectric loss are important parameters to evaluate the dielectric quality of materials. In this study, three rare earth elements Y, La and Sm were doped into the analysis of pure barium titanate by labring-annealing process, and the dielectric properties of barium titanate doped in different proportions were evaluated, and good results were obtained. Three groups of samples with doping ratio of 2 mol%, 4 mol%, 6 mol%, 8 mol% and 10 mol% were prepared and characterized, and dielectric loss measurement and dielectric constant calculation were carried out. The results show that pure grade barium titanate doped with these three rare earth elements has better crystallization and does not inhibit the growth of grain. In the three groups of samples, the B-site was mainly doped to form oxygen vacancy compensation, which inhibited the electron concentration and effectively reduced the dielectric loss, and the stability was better in the full frequency range, less than 0.05. Compared with pure barium titanate ceramics, the dielectric constant decreased from 1500-1600, and the minimum dielectric constant of La doped titanate was 100-400. This research can provide reference for barium titanate in the production and application of actual components.

The high speed development of industries such as new energy power, medical instruments, underground exploration, and high power pulses are demanding more and more dielectric capacitors. Polymer-based film capacitors are attracting attention for their high power density, high breakdown field strength, high reliability, low loss, and small size. However, the low energy density due to the low dielectric constant of the polymer itself has limited its application in high-end fields. And polymer is an effective way to enhance the energy density by compounding with other organic or inorganic materials in different ways. This paper introduces the current research status of polymer-based film capacitors compounded with inorganic materials, analyzes the advantages and shortcomings of different compounding methods, and discusses the future development prospects of polymer-based film capacitors.

The surface modification of carbonyl iron powders (CIPs) was carried out by using zirconium butoxide (TBOZ) solution. Zirconium dioxide coated carbonyl iron powders (ZrO₂@CIPs) composites with different zirconium content were synthesized by adjusting the amount of TBOZ. The static magnetic properties and insulating properties of CIPs and ZrO₂@CIPs composites have been investigated, and it has been shown that ZrO₂ can effectively suppress the deterioration of the static magnetic property of CIPs when the temperature is increased to 200 ℃. Meantime, the resistivity of ZrO₂@CIPs composites has been greatly improved. Comparing the magnetic loss capacity of CIPs and ZrO₂@CIPs composites, it can be found that the magnetic loss capacity and DC bias properties of ZrO₂@CIPs composites are improved with increasing the amount of TBOZ. When the amount of TBOZ is 15.57 mL, the μ″ of ZrO₂@CIPs composites is only 0.05, quality factor is 116.7, and the rated current is 17.10 A. In addition, compared with CIPs (-0.91 V), the corrosion potential of ZrO₂@CIPs composites is increased to -0.33 V, demonstrating the enhanced corrosion resistance. In general, the results of this work can be served as a reference for the modification of conventional CIPs in the inductance domain.

3D printing technology has been significantly developed in the construction field, and in order to address the concrete 3D printing industry to achieve sustainable development, this paper analyzes the causes of deterioration by conducting freezing resistance studies on 3D printed specimens and cast specimens with 0%, 50%, and 100% recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) substitution, combined with electron microscopy scans of the transition zone at the interface of 3D printed recycled coarse aggregate concrete (3DPRAC). The results showed that the incorporation of RCA in the first 200 freeze-thaw cycles did not significantly reduce the mass and dynamic modulus of 3D printed concrete; after 600 freeze-thaw cycles the 3D printed recycled concrete with 100% RCA incorporation performed better than that with 50% RCA incorporation in the freeze-thaw cycles. Based on the construction characteristics of 3D printed recycled concrete stacked layer by layer, a 3DPRAC pore area concentration distribution model was proposed to reveal the 3DPRAC freeze-thaw damage deterioration mechanism. The established freeze-thaw damage model can better reflect the change pattern of 3DPRAC freeze-resistance performance.

In this paper, iron and tungsten co-doped lithium nickelate cathode materials (LiNi_0.97Fe_0.02W_0.01O₂) were synthesized by the sol-gel method, and the effect of double cation doping on the electrochemical performance of lithium nickelate cathode materials was studied. The results show that the co-doping of iron and tungsten can significantly reduce the Li/Ni cation mixing, inhibiting the phase transition from H2 to H3, improving cycle stability and reducing the voltage platform decay. At a current density of 200 mA/g, the capacity retention of the LiNi_0.97Fe_0.02W_0.01O₂ material after 100 cycles is 88.1%, while that of the LiNiO₂ material is only 62.9%. In addition, the LiNi_0.97Fe_0.02W_0.01O₂ material also has more excellent rate performance (the discharge specific capacity is 126.3 mAh/g at a current density of 4000 mA/g). Therefore, the double cation doping is beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the cobalt-free high nickel layered oxide cathode material.

Highland barley straw ash (HBSA) prepared by calcination and grinding under certain conditions is an active admixture of biomass silicon source, which will affect the mechanical properties of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC). In order to study the influence of HBSA added into MOC on its mechanical properties, MOC mortar specimens with different HBSA content were tested for flexural and compressive strength under dry and saturated conditions respectively. Strength loss rate and softening coefficient were used to characterize the degree of mechanical property damage of MOC in saturated conditions. The pore structure of MOC mortar specimens was tested and characterized by low field nuclear magnetic resonance technology and gas adsorption method. The results show that MOC with 5% HBSA has the highest flexural and compressive strength in dry and saturated conditions, while MOC with 10% HBSA has the lowest strength loss rate and the highest softening coefficient in saturated conditions. When the content of HBSA is 10%, the proportion of harmful pores and multi harmful pores in the pore structure of MOC is significantly reduced, and the most probable pore diameter is reduced, which optimizes the pore structure of MOC and enhances the mechanical properties in saturated conditions.

Oily wastewater is generated inevitably in the production processes of iron and steel products. It poses a threat to the environment and consequently to human health if not handled properly. In this study, a hydrophobic and oleophilic KH550-TiO₂@PDMS@PU modified sponge was prepared by a simple one-step impregnation method. TiO₂ nanoparticles, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were the main starting chemicals. Due to the low surface energy of PDMS and the rough structure caused by the KH550-modified TiO₂ particles, the sponge was converted to a hydrophobic material and the water contact angle was (147.25±1.44)°. The modified sponge could maintain stable hydrophobicity and durability under complicated conditions such as gluing, extrusion, acid and alkali, and ultrasonication. It could absorb oil up to 20-25 times its own weight by means of the adsorption-extrusion cycle. The excellent oil/water separation performance suggests that the KH550-TiO₂@PDMS@PU sponge with advantages of being non-toxic, easy to prepare, stable and hydrophobic has a broad application prospect in the steel industry.

Porous carbon materials were prepared using waste biomass wood chips as carbon source and ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) as catalyst precursor, via direct carbonization method, and the dye methylene blue (MB) adsorption performance with various carbonization temperatures and catalyst contents were investigated. XRD, SEM and BET were used to investigate the structure of as-prepared porous carbon materials. The results showed that the specific surface area of as-prepared porous carbon changed from 171.4 m²/g to 435.2 m²/g with the average pore diameter was between 2.197 nm to 10.63 nm. When the carbonization temperature is 800 ℃ and the catalyst dosage is 3 wt%, the sample prepared showed a good adsorption performance. The adsorption capacities of as-prepared porous carbon for methylene blue (MB) was 321.7 mg/g and the adsorption isotherms fit the Langmuir model and the adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

With the increasing application of nanocellulose materials, it is found that some nanocellulose composites can improve its overall performance and have low cost and wide sources. Nanocellulose materials such as subnanometer cellulose crystal (CNC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose (NFC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and other materials are prepared by different methods. With the help of mechanical stretching, spinning, electric field, magnetic field and other methods, it is used to prepare directional alignment with high orientation and high performance. Nanocellulose materials with high strength and stiffness are used in textile industry, medical industry, optical devices and other fields. In this paper, these methods and materials are briefly discussed and the application characteristics of materials and methods are summarized.

With the emergence and development of the new generation of smart portable, flexible wearable electronic devices and smart fabrics, people's requirements for the performance of functional fibers are getting higher. As a new two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene), due to its excellent conductivity, high mechanical strength and large specific surface area, it is often used as a functional component to construct macro-composites, showing great application potential in the fields of intelligent sensing, electromagnetic shielding and thermal energy conversion. In this paper, the preparation methods of MXene and its functional fibers are reviewed, and the applications of MXene-based functional fibers were expounded. Finally, the key scientific problems and challenges of MXene functional fibers were summarized, and its future development and prospects were prospected.

Developing high-efficiency catalysts to inhibit the competitive reaction of chlorine evolution and corrosion is essential for electrolytic seawater. In this paper, a high performance and corrosion resistant NiFe-LDH@MnO₂/NF catalyst for seawater electrolysis was prepared rapidly on a nickel foam by two steps (laser scanning method and immersion replacement method). The NiFe-LDH of catalyst improves the activity of catalytic reaction, and the MnO₂ layer prevents the catalyst from being eroded by chlorine. The synergism effect of two aspects makes the catalyst exhibit excellent oxygen evolution performance in alkaline brine medium. The overpotential of the NiFe-LDH@MnO₂/NF catalyst is only 270 mV at the current density of 10 mA/cm², and 360 mV at the high current density of 100 mA/cm², along with stable oxygen evolution reaction for 100 h at the current density of 10 mA/cm². This provides theoretical guidance for the preparation of industrial electrolytic seawater catalyst to produce hydrogen.

Biochar is a neutral carbon-rich material obtained from pyrolysis of biomass. It is not only an environmentally friendly improved means of adsorption and degradation, but also provides a feasible idea for carbon capture and storage. This review focuses on several commonly used modification methods of biochar, summarizes its catalytic applications and action mechanisms in the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants, multiphase catalysis, photocatalysis and microbial fuel cell electrodes, puts forward the challenges and practical difficulties of biochar and its modified materials in catalysis, and looks forward to the future research direction.

This article briefs the basic characteristics, relative merits, and limitations of inorganic nanoscintillators that based on scintillation mechanism and associative physical phenomena. The structure features of different physical forms of nanoscintillator, as particle, film, ceramic and glass, and the applications of nanotechnology in scintillator are discussed. The critical factors affecting scintillation process under nanoscale are analyzed, and the related behaviors and mechanisms are explained from structure effect, surface effect and confined effect. The development of inorganic nanoscintillator in ionizing radiation detection is reviewed, and the application prospect is forecasted.

The traditional liquid electrolyte produce dendrites at the negative pole cycle, which cause short circuit of the battery. In addition, there areflammab, explos leak. Solid electrolyte can well solve the above safety problems, and have good stability, that replacement of liquid electrolyte. solid state electrolyte needs to satisfy the requirements, such as high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical window, excellent chemical compatibility, simple preparation process, low cost and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to further develop high performance solid electrolyte and electrode/electrolyte interface modification materials to optimize and improve the electrochemical performance of solid state batteries. Metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks compounds are newly developed porous materials with periodic structure, which have been widely used in the battery field. This paper reviews the applications and research progress of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks compounds in solid state lithium ion batteries. At last, how to improve the electrochemical performance of metal organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks solid electrolytes give.

Electronic devices will generate electromagnetic waves when they work, and electromagnetic waves will cause electromagnetic pollution while their intensity exceeds a certain range, which can be harmful to people's health and some precision instruments. In order to eliminate electromagnetic pollution, the research of microwave absorption materials has become more and more important. In recent years, MXene, a member of two-dimensional nanomaterial family, have shown great potential in microwave absorption with their excellent layered structure, rich functional groups and excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, this paper focuses on the preparation of MXene and the microwave absorption mechanism, and introduces the construction method of 3D MXene composites and its recent progress in the microwave absorption direction.

In the context of promoting the“carbon-neutral”strategy, the development of functional materials for energy-saving in communication base stations is of great importance. Given the unique advantages of phase change materials (PCM) in heat-storage, this paper lists the types of PCM and their advantages and disadvantages, and gives a comprehensive overview of the progress of PCM heat-storage for three different application scenarios in energy-saving of communication base stations. From the perspective of facilitating popularization of PCM heat-storage for energy-saving in base stations, the representative research achievements in improving thermal conductivity, packaging technology, and thermal cycle stability of PCM are introduced. This paper will provide a reference for future research directions in the fields of energy-saving for communication base station and PCM heat-storage.

By enhancing the electron mobility of materials, the conductivity of materials can be improved, the process of redox reaction in the catalytic process can be accelerated, and the catalytic activity can be greatly improved. Therefore, the preparation of high electron mobility catalytic materials has become a research hotspot. Although lots of studies have recognized the importance of enhancing the electron mobility of catalytic materials for catalytic performance, the current research is still insufficient, especially the lack of unified understanding of the internal mechanism of how the electron mobility of solid catalysts affects the catalytic performance of materials. It is urgent to reveal the structure-activity relationship between electron mobility and catalytic materials to realize the controllable preparation of catalytic materials. Herein, we have systematically summarized the different preparation methods, chemical and physical mechanisms, characteristic analysis, and challenges of high electron transfer catalytic materials and looks forward to the future development direction. Additionally, the influences and limitations of the element characteristics, electrical conductivity, and spatial characteristics of the materials on the preparation of high electron migration catalytic materials are highlighted.

Polyimide is widely used in new building materials, microelectronics, aerospace and other fields because of its excellent mechanical properties, good chemical resistance and low water absorption. Graphite oxide was prepared by the improved Hummer chemical method, and then graphite-polyimide composite adhesive and graphite-polyimide composite film with different mass fractions (0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) were prepared by solution blending method. The composite system was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, mechanical property test and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the basic structure of polyimide wasn’t affected by the addition of graphite. After the addition of appropriate amount of graphite, the graphite and polyimide were uniformly combined, and the section roughness and stability of the composite adhesive were increased. With the increase of graphite doping, the shear strength of the composite adhesive increased first and then decreased. When the amount of graphite doping was 3 wt%, the shear strength of the composite adhesive reached the maximum value of 11.67 MPa. The thermal stability and dielectric properties of polyimide could be effectively improved by adding appropriate amount of graphite. With the appropriate amount of graphite doping, the residual amount and dielectric constant of the composite film at 800 ℃ increased, and the dielectric loss decreased. When the doping amount of graphite was 3 wt%, the residual amount of the composite film at 800 ℃ reached the maximum value of 57.74%, the minimum dielectric loss was 0.016, and the corresponding dielectric constant was 12.7. Comprehensive analysis showed that the optimum doping amount of graphite was 3 wt%.

The aggregation-caused quenching caused by traditional organic materials in solid state or concentrated state limits the development of organic optical functional materials. In recent years, materials with aggregation-induced luminescence properties have been emerging, which have bright application prospects because of their biodegradability, good biocompatibility and adjustable molecular structure. In this review, representative examples are selected according to different stimulus responses, and the results of photoluminescent materials, mechanoluminescent materials, and electroluminescent materials are highlighted. The basic luminescence mechanism is introduced to better understand the process of stimulus response and provide guidance for designing ideal stimuli-responsive materials.

Concrete is the most widely used building material in civil infrastructure in the world, but because its hydrophilic and porous surface structure promotes the penetration of water and the erosion of corrosive ions, the concrete is damaged by freezing and melt, expansion and denudation, which leads the safety and durability of concrete structure to seriously reducing. Superhydrophobic surfaces have good water resistance and can be applied to concrete, coating or overall superhydrophobic concrete has received considerable attention in the last decade, and also has a good application value in the field of anticorrosion and ice prevention. In this context, this paper first briefly summarizes the basic wettability model for concrete concrete cases. Secondly, we review the existing advanced strategies for constructing superhydrophobic concrete, mainly divided into surface hydrophobic modification and overall hydrophobic modification, and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of two different strategies. When the concrete is in the extreme environment such as cold and marine environment, it is particularly important to improve the anti-corrosion and ice prevention performance of the concrete, so the influence of the water modification is discussed in this paper. In addition, the theoretical basis of superhydrophobic modification technology for concrete corrosion and ice is briefly described. Finally, the challenges in the current fabrication and application of superhydrophobic concrete and the potential solutions to these problems are indicated.

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of low cost, easy preparation, high chemical and thermal stability, and suitable band gap. However, g-C₃N₄ prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method has the disadvantages of small surface area, easy aggregation and low photocatalytic activity. In this paper, carbon nitride nanosheets were prepared by a simple thermal oxidation method and tested through photoelectrochemical measurements. The effect of external bias on the direction of photocurrent was investigated by photochemical tests, and the reaction mechanism of electrode interface under photoelectric induction was discussed. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM/HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis DRS. The effect of thermal oxidation on the structure and photoelectrochemical performance of carbon nitride in air atmosphere was systematically studied. The BET results showed that the specific surface area of the carbon nitride nanosheets (160.6 m²/g) was one order of magnitude higher than that of the bulk g-C₃N₄ (12.5 m²/g). In addition, the photocurrent density of g-C₃N₄ with two-dimensional nanosheet structure is twice as high as that of the bulk g-C₃N₄ under UV-vis light, and a lower OER potential was obtained.

Soft magnetic composite materials have important applications in many fields. With the development of technology, the performance requirements of soft magnetic composite materials are constantly improving. In order to meet the application requirements of high frequency and high power working conditions, it is necessary to develop soft magnetic composites with low loss and high permeability. SiO₂, as an insulating coating medium, has high resistivity and thermal stability, and can be coated on magnetic particles by a variety of methods, so it has been widely used in the field of developing new soft magnetic composites. This paper summarizes the application of sol-gel method, chemical liquid deposition method, reverse microemulsion method, chemical vapor deposition method, double-layer coating method and modified resin coating method in SiO₂ insulation coating of iron-based soft magnetic composites. The characteristics of various insulating coating method are summarized and classified according to their characteristics. Some problems faced by SiO₂ insulating coating at present are pointed out, and the development prospect of insulating coating methods is prospected.

Nanocellulose is widely used as water treatment materials because of their high surface area and aspect ratio, environmental biodegradability and renewability. Chlorella grows fast and its cell wall is rich in cellulose without lignin. High quality cellulose can be obtained by simple purification. In the present work, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared from chlorella waste by homogenization, with average diameter and length of 4.1±2.3 nm and 375±35.3 nm. The physicochemical properties of the prepared CNFS were determined by various techniques, and its adsorption performance was evaluated using methylene blue trihydrate (MB) and congo red (CR) as the model dyes. Results reported in this study indicate that the adsorption of MB and CR on the CNFS follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and the pseudo-second-order. Besides, the effects of pH and dye concentrate on adsorption were also investigated. Further analysis reveals that the process of MB and CR adsorption follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum capacity of cationic MB dye adsorption on the CNF is 161.25 mg/g, and anionic CR dye adsorption is 181.36 mg/g. The pH has a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of CNFS, which have maximum adsorption capacity the maximum adsorption capacity. But for CR, the lower the pH, the stronger the adsorption capacity is, in the pH range of 5 to 10.

Using silver nanowires prepared by polyol method as conductive filler and kapok micro-fibrillated cellulose as carrier, the composite paper was prepared by vacuum filtration. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, four-probe tester and vector network analyzer, and the effects of silver nanowire content on their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness were investigated. The results showed that the silver nanowires as one kind of one-dimensional silver elemental nanomaterial, were uniformly distributed in the composite paper and formed an excellent conductive network. When 2.5wt% of silver nanowires were added to the pure cellulose paper, the electrical resistance of the paper dropped from 470.57 MΩ·cm to 1.26 mΩ·cm. When the concentration of silver nanowires was increased from 2.5wt% to 10wt%, the conductivity of the paper increased from 793.65 S/cm to 3039.51 S/cm, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness increased from 38.1 dB to 61.5 dB.

Manganese dioxide (MnO₂) is widely used in aqueous zinc-manganese batteries due to its high abundance and low cost. Flow batteries can realize the decoupling of energy component and power component, thus they have been paid more attention in the field of long-term large-scale energy storage. In this study, semi-solid electrodes were designed with MnO₂ as the active substance, and a high volumetric specific capacity flow battery was designed. Firstly, semi-solid electrodes were prepared using Xanthan gum as suspension matrix and Ketjen Black as conductive agent, and the optimal ratio of MnO₂ semi-solid electrodes was determined by characterizing the electrochemical properties and rheological properties of the electrodes. The critical concentration for conductivity percolation of Ketjen Black is 9 g/L, and the semi-solid electrodes prepared with this concentration show good rate performance and cycling stability. The volumetric specific capacity of the semi-solid electrodes can reach 32.5 Ah/L with 300 g/L MnO₂. Semi-solid electrodes exhibit non-Newtonian rheology with a yield stress of approximately 2 Pa which can maintain the mechanical stability of the suspensions while the pumping energy loss is low. The volumetric specific capacity of zinc-manganese flow battery with semi-solid electrodes can reach 22.3 Ah/L, showing promising prospects for development.

Prefabricated foam mixing method was used to prepare foam concrete with different content of graphene oxide (GO) (0, 0.02 wt%, 0.04 wt% and 0.06 wt%). The influence of GO content on the performance of foam concrete was studied by XRD, SEM, mechanical property analysis, TGA and thermal conductivity analysis. The results showed that the proper amount of GO doping accelerated the hydration reaction and improved the roundness and sealing of the pores in the concrete, but didn’t produce new hydration products. When the content of GO was 0.04 wt%, the pore distribution of foam concrete was the most uniform, and the diameter distribution range was 500~700 μm. The mechanical properties, thermal stability and thermal insulation properties of foam concrete were improved by adding appropriate amount of GO. With the increase of GO content, the compressive strength of foam concrete first increased and then decreased, the mass loss first decreased and then increased, and the thermal conductivity first decreased and then increased. When the content of GO was 0.04 wt%, the maximum compressive strength of foam concrete was 2.98 MPa, the minimum mass loss at 500 and 1 000 ℃ was 15.8% and 20.8% respectively, and the minimum thermal conductivity was 0.105 W/(m·K). Comprehensive analysis shows that the optimum doping amount of GO is 0.04 wt%.

Sugar alcohols as a type of intermediate temperature phase change materials(PCMs) have been attracted considerable attention in thermal storage for their good comprehensive performances comparing that with inorganic and other organic materials base on their higher fusion enthalpy. However, there are few industrial applications of sugar alcohols as PCMs at present. The main reasons except their ubiquitous defects, such as severe supercooling, relative low thermal conductivity, the thermal endurance of the fusion enthalpy is a key fundamental factor in their practical application, which is little attention paid to that by most of previous studies. In this article,the research progress in focusing on thermal endurance of the enthalpy for sugar alcohols, such as the causes of degradation, related mechanism, experimental measures for improvement, kinetics-predictive model and melting point regulation for lifetime expectancy were reviewed in recent years. It provides ideas and methods for reevaluating the feasibility of sugar alcohols as PCMs, and also provides a research direction for their practical application.

Dense mesh stent is the first choice for the treatment of giant aneurysms. However, due to the dense mesh and abnormal hemodynamic conditions after implantation, the risk of thromboembolism increases. Surface grafting of phosphorylcholine (PC) can improve the anticoagulant performance of implanted stents, but the preparation process of traditional biomolecular coupling method is complex. In this study, amino-rich coating (PDA/PAa) was constructed by grafting polyallylamine (PAa) on the surface of dopamine (PDA) coating through Schiff base reaction and Michael addition under alkaline condition. 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was covalently fixed on the surface of the amino-rich coating by Michael addition reaction. The PDA/PAa/MPC coating was successfully fabricated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results of platelet adhesion test and whole blood test showed that the PDA/PAa/MPC coating had good anticoagulant activity. Cell experiments showed that the PDA/PAa/MPC coating had good cytocompatibility and could inhibit the adhesion and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (A7r5).