30 November 2025, Volume 56 Issue 11
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Evaluation of aging performance of asphalt mixtures based on viscoelastic theory
    FU Zhen, GUO Qian, DAI Jiasheng, HE Jiahao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11001-11009. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.001
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    Thermal oxidative aging of asphalt pavement is an important factor affecting its service life. To investigate the degradation of road performance of different asphalt mixtures after aging, this paper conducted short-term and long-term aging tests on 70# and 90# asphalt mixtures, respectively. The relationship between the viscoelasticity and temperature frequency of asphalt mixtures after thermal oxidative aging was analyzed through dynamic modulus tests, indirect tensile creep tests, and crack propagation tests, and their response to deformation and anti-cracking performance under different temperature conditions were evaluated. The results showed that with the deepening of aging degree, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture in the high-frequency range increased by an average of 15%, and the phase angle at medium and low temperatures decreased by an average of about 20%. Its anti-rutting ability was significantly weakened. After long-term aging, the rutting factor of 70# asphalt mixture increased by about 60%, while that of 90# asphalt mixture increased by about 57%, indicating that the high-temperature stability of 90# asphalt mixture was poor and its ability to resist deformation at low temperatures was stronger. Research can provide a basis for preventing thermal oxidative aging of asphalt pavement and improving pavement durability.
  • Study on preparation and carbonization resistance of metakaolin modified high strength concrete
    LI Wenguang, AN Mingzhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11010-11018. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.002
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    In this paper, metakaolin modified high-strength concrete was prepared with different mass fraction (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) substituted by metakaolin cementing material. The concrete was characterized by XRD, SEM, mechanical properties test, pore size analysis and carbonization test, and the effect of metakaolin substitution rate on various properties of concrete was systematically studied. The results showed that the increase of metakaolin substitution rate promotes the consumption of Ca(OH)2, accelerates the formation of cement hydration products such as ettringite and C-S-H gel, and improves the density of concrete and the strength of interfacial transition zone. With the increase of metakaolin substitution rate, the porosity and total pore area of concrete gradually decrease. The porosity of concrete with 9% substitution rate reaches the lowest value of 13.31%, the total pore area is 10.651 m2/g, and the average pore size is 17.3 nm. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the substituted concrete at 28 d of age reach the maximum value of 44.5 and 6.3 MPa respectively. At 28 d of carbonization, the carbonation depth of the concrete with 9% metakaolin substitution rate is the lowest value of 10.9 mm, and the carbonation depth is reduced by 28.76% compared with the unreplaced concrete sample, and the carbonation resistance is the best.
  • Study on the optimization of thermal performance of decanoic acid-docosane/nanoparticle composite phase change fluids
    CHEN Hongbing, LI Qinghao, WANG Congcong, GAO Xuening, HU Huizhen, ZHANG Yibing, DING Pengchao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11019-11027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.003
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    In order to address the issues such as low thermal conductivity and large subcooling degree of traditional phase change fluids in the solar PV/T system and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the system, this work is based on the research of the composite phase change fluid of capric acid and docosane. Copper (Cu), titanium dioxide (TiO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles are selected, and the control variable method is used to explore the effects of the ultrasonic method, the type of nanoparticles, and the ultrasonic time on the performance of the fluid, such as its stability, fluidity, and thermophysical properties. The results show that when the ultrasonic treatment is carried out in two stages and the ultrasonic time is 40 min, the dispersion effect of the nanoparticles is good. After adding 0.1 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles, the composite nanophase change fluid can maintain good stability, and its thermal conductivity is effectively improved. The average thermal conductivity is increased by 2.23%, and it has a significant effect on reducing the subcooling degree of the fluid. The subcooling degrees in the two phase change intervals are reduced by 3.8 ℃ and 2.1 ℃ respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the preparation of composite nanophase change fluids used in solar PV/T systems, and is of great significance for improving the performance of the system.
  • Boron doped goethite mediated singlet oxygen production for tetracycline degradation
    YU Huali, FU Jinlin, ZHANG Yulu, WANG Lianfeng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11028-11034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.004
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    In this study, boron doped goethite (α-FeOOH@Bx, x represented Fe/B molar ratio, x=1, 10 and 100) was prepared via chemical precipitation method, and was used to activate persulfate (PMS) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC). Compared with α-FeOOH, α-FeOOH@B1, and α-FeOOH@B100, α-FeOOH@B10 possessed higher catalytic activity which could decompose 96.3% of TC within 1.5 h. After four cycles of the degradation experiments, TC degradation rate was still close to 80%, indicating the high reusability of α-FeOOH@B10. Quenching experiments demonstrated that the main reactive oxygen species produced in the α-FeOOH@B10/PMS system was 1O2, whose concentration was estimated as about 1.05 × 10-12 M. The main active iron species of α-FeOOH@B10 during PMS activation was identified as adsorbed Fe, which could effectively activate PMS, accelerate the generation of reactive oxygen species and realize the rapid degradation of TC. This study provides technical support and theoretical basis for the preparation of iron-based Fenton catalysts, and further elucidates the catalytic mechanism of heteroatom-doped metal oxides in the advanced oxidation processes.
  • Terahertzemission in NiO/Ni heterostructures
    CHEN Cheng, WANG Ping, YANG Yuhe, ZHANG Delin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11035-11039. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.005
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    Terahertz pulses possess advantages such as ultra-broad spectra, solid-state stability, and tunable polarization. The study of the anomalous Nernst effect is crucial for elucidating the interactions among thermal spin, charge, and thermal energy. In this work, three heterostructures—NiO/Ni, Ti/NiO/Ni, and W/NiO/Ni—with varying NiO thicknesses were fabricated on double-polished Al2O3 substrates via magnetron sputtering to systematically investigate the regulation mechanism of the anomalous Nernst effect. In the NiO/Ni structure, the terahertz radiation signal generated by femtosecond laser irradiation initially increases and then saturates with increasing NiO layer thickness. This trend is attributed to the significant thermal insulation properties of NiO, which induces temperature gradient variations in the Ni layer, leading to an initial enhancement and subsequent stabilization of the anomalous Nernst effect. Upon introducing non-magnetic Ti and W layers, the terahertz radiation signal generated by femtosecond laser irradiation from the substrate side weakens. This reduction may result from changes in the thermal conductivity of Ti/NiO and W/NiO and the absorption of femtosecond laser energy by the Ti and W layers, both of which reduce the temperature gradient in the Ni layer and consequently diminish the terahertz radiation signal. By investigating the influence of temperature gradients in Ni on terahertz radiation signals, this study provides theoretical and experimental insights into the exploration of the anomalous Nernst effect and thermoelectric effects for spintronic applications.
    • Review & Advance
  • Advances in the preparation, modulation and application of hafnium oxide ferroelectric thin films
    ZHANG Xinyang, YAO Weijie, WANG Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11040-11047. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.006
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    This paper presents a comprehensive review of the progress in the preparation, performance regulation and application of hafnium oxide (HfO2) ferroelectric thin films, which have shown broad application prospects in the field of electronic devices due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The article introduces a variety of preparation methods in detail, and analyzes the characteristics and applicable scenarios of each method. The influence mechanisms of doping elements, film thickness, preparation process, and oxygen vacancies on the ferroelectric properties of HfO2 thin films are further discussed, and the strategies to optimize the properties by regulating these factors are elaborated. Finally, the wide range of applications of HfO2 thin films in the fields of microelectronics, optics, energy and biology are summarized, demonstrating their potentials in non-volatile memory, transparent ferroelectric materials, high-performance sensors and biomedical devices.
  • Research progress of modified PTFE in industrial waste heat recovery
    BAO Xiangjun, LIU Jialiu, LU Shuyou, ZHANG Lu, LIU Endong, CHENG Qianwang, DING Chun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11048-11055. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.007
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    With the growing severity of the energy crisis and environmental issues, industrial waste heat recovery technology has emerged as a crucial approach to conserving energy and reducing carbon emissions. Modified polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) demonstrates significant potential in industrial waste heat recovery, particularly in challenging scenarios, due to its exceptional chemical and thermal stability. This paper reviews recent research on modified PTFE, evaluating advancements in modification techniques (including surface modification, filler modification, and blending modification), performance enhancement mechanisms, and practical applications in waste heat recovery systems. The findings reveal that modifications to PTFE can effectively enhance its acid resistance, abrasion resistance, and non-stick properties, thereby improving waste heat recovery efficiency. Modified PTFE exhibits promising application prospects in industrial waste heat recovery systems, particularly for heat transfer media characterized by high humidity, dust, and corrosive conditions.
  • Research progress on magnetic properties regulation mechanism and process of AlNiCo materials
    HU Tianyu, YU Xiaoqiang, LAN Haifeng, LI Chunji, ZHAO Jiangtao, REHMAN Sajjad Ur, LIU Lei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11056-11065. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.008
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    At present, AlNiCo material has been widely studied as a permanent magnet material with excellent temperature stability, but the coercivity and maximum magnetic energy product of AlNiCo are far lower than the theoretical value. The coercivity of AlNiCo prepared by directional solidification casting process is 143.31 kA/m, and the maximum magnetic energy product is greater than 79.62 kA/m3. In this paper, the mechanism of amplitude modulation decomposition, coercivity and temperature stability controls of AlNiCo permanent magnets are described. Then the recent research progress, including composition regulation, composite materials, SPS, additive manufacturing methods are introduced. The sintered magnet with applied stress obtained an oriented structure. The maximum coercivity of 161.62 kA/m and remanence of 0.9 T can be achieved by the additive manufacturing process. The further improvement of magnetic performance indicators such as coercivity will greatly improve the accuracy of inertial instruments and promote the development of national defense science and technology fields such as aviation and navigation.
  • Research progress on degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by activated percarbonate and peroxymonocarbonate
    QI Yabing, ZOU Haoxuan, DANG Fangfang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11066-11086. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.009
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    The degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by activated percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate has attracted much attention owing to its low cost, high security, strong oxidation ability and wide pH range. Herein, the activation mechanism of percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate were deeply expounded. Then, the research progress on degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by activated percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate were reviewed systematically. After that, the degradation effectiveness of organic pollutants with various advanced oxidation processes were discussed. Besides, the influencing factors on degradation of organic pollutants by activated percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate were analyzed. Finally, the trends of degradation of organic pollutants by activated percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate were prospected. In future, in the field of degradation of organic pollutants, various activation technologies of percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate will be mutual penetration and continuous coupling. For example, percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate will be activated by combination of carbonaceous materials with metals, metallic oxides, or metal sulfides. The degradation technologies and reactors will be also perfectly integrated. The link of theoretical research and industrial application will be continuously strengthening. The degradation of organic pollutants by activated percarbonate/peroxymonocarbonate will be probably applied in the field of industrial scale treatment of organic pollutants after building comprehensive industrial chain.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation of γ-Fe2O3/MSQ based composite magnetic aerogels via ambient pressure drying
    NIU Lukun, HE Guangming, FENG Yuxiang, HE Xiaoyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11087-11094. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.010
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    In this work, the γ-Fe2O3/MSQ based composite magnetic aerogels with double network structure were successfully prepared under ambient pressure drying after impregnation and aging treatment with the network pores of methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) based aerogels as reaction cells. The microstructure and properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, thermal analyzer, gas adsorption analyzer and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results showed that the composite magnetic aerogels still maintained good porous properties, with a porosity of 93.5%, BET specific surface area of 366 m2/g and BJH pore volume of 0.356 cm3/g. The introduction of γ-Fe2O3 improved the thermal stability of the composite aerogels, and the total weight loss rate decreased to 12.7%, showing a superparamagnetism with a saturation magnetization of 7.72 Am2/kg. The double network helps to improve the magnetic and porous properties of composite magnetic aerogels, which is due to the confinement of MSQ network.
  • Synergisticoptimization of electrical transport properties in SnO2-composite TiO2-x ceramic thermoelectric materials
    CUI Huayi, TANG Zixuan, AN Shengli, DONG Zhongping
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11095-11098. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.011
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    SnO2-composited TiO2-x ceramic thermoelectric materials were prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The electrical transport properties were synergistically optimized by adjusting the SnO2 composite ratio. The phase composition, microstructure, and thermoelectric performance of the composite ceramics were characterized using XRD, SEM, and thermoelectric measurement systems. Results demonstrated that SnO2 compositing effectively reduced carrier concentration while enhancing carrier mobility. The decreased carrier concentration led to a significant improvement in Seebeck coefficient, whereas the increased carrier mobility partially compensated for the resistivity rise caused by carrier reduction. This synergistic optimization remarkably enhanced the power factor of SnO2-composited TiO2-x materials. At 15% SnO2 composite content, the power factor reached 494 μW/(m·K2) at 873 K, representing a 63% enhancement compared with the uncompounded sample.
  • Preparation and properties of biodegradablePLA-PBS blend
    WANG Yifu, WANG Jianzhu, ZHANG Zhenggui
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11099-11107. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.012
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    A biodegradable PLA-PBS blends was prepared by melt blending with polylactic acid (PLA) as the main phase and polybutylene succinate (PBS) as the reinforcing phase. The influence of PBS proportion on the microstructure, thermal stability, mechanical properties and degradation performance of PLA-PBS blends was studied. The results showed that the PLA-PBS phases prepared by melt blending didn't form eutectic, but existed in a blended form. As the proportion of PBS increased, the contact angle of the blend decreased, the surface hydrophilicity significantly improved, and the PBS dispersed phase was distributed in the form of spherical droplets. The equilibrium torque of PLA-PBS blend showed a non-linear decreasing trend with the increase of PBS proportion, and the equilibrium torque of 15%PBS sample reached the minimum value of 18.7 N·m, and the formation of dual continuous phases of PLA and PBS made the phase interface reach the optimal state. The 15%PBS sample exhibited the optimal combination of mechanical properties, with a fracture strain increased to 339.5% and a significant increase in fracture strength to 24.4 MPa, which were 31.5% and 79.4% higher than pure PLA, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was 24.9 MPa, and the maximum elongation at break was 330.8%. Its peak impact strength was 7.1 kJ/m2, and its bending strength was 87.6 MPa. After adding an appropriate amount of PBS, the degradation rate of PLA-PBS blends was significantly improved. The degradation rate of 15%PBS sample reached 5.3% after 5 weeks of degradation in deionized water, demonstrating excellent environmental friendliness.
  • Nanoporous Cu/CoO heterostructure for electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
    LIU Yirong, XU Wence, ZHU Shengli
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11108-11113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.013
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    Ammonia is a crucial industrial raw material and a potential carbon-free energy carrier. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) is an emerging ammonia synthesis process with notable advantages such as strong compatibility with renewable energy and mild reaction conditions. Additionally, nitrate ions are common pollutants widely present in industrial and agricultural wastewater. NO3RR not only produces high-value ammonia but also purifies wastewater, achieving the "kill two birds with one stone" effect. In this study, nanoporous Cu is prepared through melt-spinning and chemical dealloying methods, and CoO nanoparticles are subsequently constructed on its surface via electrodeposition to fabricate a nanoporous Cu/CoO heterostructure electrocatalyst. Due to its unique bicontinuous nanoporous structure and the synergistic effect between Cu and CoO, the Cu/CoO heterostructure electrocatalyst achieves an ammonia yield rate of 1.64 mmol/(h·cm2) with a Faradaic efficiency of 99.59% at -0.5 V vs. RHE under alkaline conditions, along with excellent catalytic stability.
  • Exchange bias effect in single-phase ferrimagnetic inverse spinel nickel-cobalt oxide
    FU Yile, WANG Ting, KONG Jing, WANG Ping, ZHANG Delin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11114-11120. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.014
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    In recent years, epitaxially grown nickel cobalt oxide (NiCo2O4, NCO) films have attracted widespread research interest due to their exceptional magnetoelectric properties, featuring elevated Curie temperatures, high spin polarization, and exceptional redox sensitivity. These versatile physical properties hold promise for applications in spintronic devices, infrared optoelectronics, and electrochemical sensing. This study elucidates the anomalous Hall effect of exchange bias modulation in inverse-spinel-structured ferromagnetic nickel-cobalt oxide films. We demonstrate that interfacial exchange coupling between antiferromagnetic (AFM) domains and adjacent ferromagnetic (FM) layers in NCO films induces significant exchange bias (EB) effect. The production of EB is dependent on the magnetic ordering of NiCo2O4 (ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic behavior) and the formation of unidirectional anisotropy at the interface. Low temperature magnetic field cooling process enable alignment of the AFM layer magnetic moments alignment, which reorients FM layer magnetization and generates hysteresis loop deviation. This co-existence of AFM and FM means that even single-layer NCO films exhibit exchange bias, which suggests intrinsic phase separation rather than traditional FM/AFM heterojunction. This study clarifies inverse-spinel oxide magnetic transport physics, establishes a design paradigm for intrinsic single-phase exchange bias systems, and enables spintronic devices with tunable anisotropy and superior thermal stability.
  • Regulation of magnetic properties and spin-orbit torque switching in Pt/[Co/Tb]2 heterostructure films through hydrogen ion migration
    LI Shaoxiong, WANG Zhicheng, GUO Qi, GAO Xinyu, AN Minnan, HOU Weixiao, HU Jifan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11121-11129. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.015
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    A series of Pt/[Co/Tb]2 heterostructured films with perpendicular anisotropy and varying thicknesses were fabricated using magnetron sputtering. When the thicknesses of the Co and Tb layers were altered, the saturation magnetization and coercivity of the films exhibited oscillatory changes. Correspondingly, the behavior of the magnetic domains also changed with the oscillations in coercivity. When the coercivity was high, the magnetic domains tended to flip in large, gradual areas at pinning sites under an applied magnetic field. Conversely, when the coercivity was low, the magnetic domains nucleated and flipped simultaneously in multiple small areas. By driving hydrogen ions (H+) from a solid-state electrolyte into the Pt/[Co/Tb]2 sample via gate voltage, the coercivity of the heterostructure film was reduced, and the critical current density for spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetic switching was simultaneously lowered. The migration of hydrogen ions enabled reversible and non-volatile control of both the coercivity and SOT in the Pt/[Co/Tb]2 heterostructure. Second harmonic measurements indicated that the injection of hydrogen ions enhanced the effective fields of damping-like torque and field-like torque, as well as the SOT efficiency. The damping-like torque efficiency reached 0.85, significantly higher than that of the original Pt/[Co/Tb]2 sample (approximately 0.45).
  • Preparation of ZnO/ZSM-11 composites and their photocatalytic performance and mechanism
    WU Haiyi, ZHANG Zhou, YAO Zhenhua, HU Maocong, PENG Mao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11130-11135. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.016
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    Photocatalysis is a promising method for the treatment of hazardous dyes. In this study, a variety of ZnO/ZSM-11(ZZ) composites were prepared by wet chemical and solid dispersion methods, respectively. Methyl orange (MO), rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) were selected as substrates for photocatalytic degradation. Negative effects of MO and RhB degradation were observed on ZZ compared to pristine ZnO, whereas promoted kinetics of MB was collected on ZZ composite catalyst. Characterization results using XRD and SEM showed that both ZnO and ZSM-11 retained their original backbone and local structure. The light absorption capacity and specific surface area of the ZZ composites were not consistent with the trend of the reaction performance, further ruling out both as key factors in the catalytic degradation. Instead, the difference between the adsorption energies of ZnO and ZSM-11 for dyes predicted in DFT theoretical calculations played a key role. This study provides insight into the mechanism of selective photocatalytic degradation of dyes and contributes to the rational design of simple and efficient composite photocatalysts.
  • Effect of co-doping of Ni and Nb elements on the GMI properties of amorphous microwires
    LYU Minghao, LI Shuangyou, CHEN Fenghua, LIU Hongxia, ZONG Shuotong, ZHANG Yan, SUN Zhigang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11136-11143. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.017
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    This article successfully prepared a new type of continuous and uniform (Co0.7Fe0.05Si0.15B0.1)95Nb5-x-Nix (x=0, 1, 3, 5) amorphous microwire using modified melt drawing technology. Systematic investigations were conducted on the synergistic effects of ferromagnetic Ni and transition metal Nb co-doping on magnetic properties through DC current annealing in the range of 10-30 mA. The research results indicate that the co-doping of Ni and Nb reduces the coercivity Hc from 3 184 A/m when undoped to 362 A/m when x=3. Further current annealing can significantly enhance the soft magnetic properties of microwires. The Hc of x=3 sample is 4.6 Oe before annealing, but decreases to 159.2 A/m after annealing with a current of 30 mA. At the same time, the saturation magnetization significantly increases from 60 A·m2/kg to 73.5 A·m2/kg. This article also delves into the specific effects of external factors such as excitation frequency, excitation voltage, external magnetic field, and annealing current on the GMI effect of microwires. After annealing with a current of 30 mA, the maximum GMI effect of sample x=3 reaches 505% under an excitation voltage of 10 MHz-0.2Vpp, indicating its potential as a high-performance GMI sensor.
  • Fabrication and electrochemical properties of hierarchical nanoporous carbon materials
    LI Yang, ZHOU Qingya, YE Changhuai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11144-11152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.018
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    Hierarchically nanoporous carbon materials offer significant advantages in optimizing the ion transport pathways and charge storage capabilities of electrode materials, thanks to their high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure, and three-dimensional interconnected conductive network. As such, they stand out as one of the ideal candidates for supercapacitor electrode materials. In this study, the thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) was used as the precursor. SEBS fibers were first prepared through wet spinning, followed by high-temperature annealing, concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation, and potassium carbonate activation and carbonization processes. This series of treatments led to the successful synthesis of a carbon material with a hierarchically porous structure, featuring micropores, ordered mesopores, and macropores. Electrochemical performance tests revealed that when the mass ratio of sulfonated SEBS to potassium carbonate was 1:3, the carbonized SEBS porous material achieved an impressively high specific surface area of 1844.5 m2/g and exhibited optimal electrochemical performance. At a current density of 4 A/g, its specific capacitance soared to 430.8 F/g, marking a substantial improvement compared to the 84 F/g before activation. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled with the hierarchically porous carbon still maintained a specific capacitance of 146.8 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, showing an energy density of 5.09 Wh/kg and a power density of 250 W/kg. Moreover, after 600 cycles at a constant current density of 2 A/g, the supercapacitor demonstrated a capacitance retention rate close to 100%.
  • Preparation of highly hydrothermal-resistant polyurethane coatings and investigation of their moisture-heat resistance properties
    JIAO Gangwei, XU Huiwen, WEI Huacheng, JING Xianhe, HUA Chao, SUN Youyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11153-11158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.019
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    Conventional anti-corrosion coatings typically consist of a zinc-rich epoxy primer and a polyurethane topcoat. As the first protective layer, the performance of the polyurethane topcoat directly determines the overall quality of the anti-corrosion system. However, existing coatings exhibit short service lives in humid-heat environments, primarily due to the degradation of polyurethane topcoats under such conditions. To address this, this study developed a novel high hydrothermal-resistant polyurethane topcoat using NL387-6-70 polyester resin, PVR-102 polyester resin, TiO2 nanoparticles, and a curing agent. The relationship between component ratios and hydrothermal resistance was investigated by characterizing adhesion, bonding strength, and FTIR spectra before and after high-pressure humid-heat accelerated aging. Results demonstrated that the optimal formulation (NL387-6-70/PVR-102 resin ratio of 3:1 and coating/curing agent mass ratio of 15:1) achieved superior performance: average peel forces of 137 N and 66 N before and after pressure cooker testing (PCT), and grade 0 in cross-cut adhesion tests. This work not only provides a novel high hydrothermal-resistant topcoat but also offers insights for designing durable coatings in complex environments.
  • Preparation of transparent antistatic pressure-sensitive adhesive film based on Al-doped SnO2 nanowires
    LI Xiaodong, ZHANG Yufan, LIU Zuoxin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11159-11165. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.020
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    The transparent antistatic pressure-sensitive adhesive film possesses both transparent characteristics and antistatic function, demonstrating remarkable application value in multiple fields. However, this film has issues such as the difficulty in balancing transparency and antistatic performance, complex production processes, high costs, and the presence of some polluting components. Research shows that SnO2 nanowires have the advantages of a high aspect ratio and low cost, which are good carriers of conductive particles. In this paper, Al-doped SnO2 nanowires with a high aspect ratio were prepared by the coprecipitation method, and silver was coated on them by the chemical deposition method. The Al-Ag@SnO2 film was prepared on a PET substrate through a coating process. The results show that under the condition of 3wt% Al doping concentration, the particle size ratio (150) is the largest, and the resistivity (0.46 mΩ·cm) is the smallest after silver plating. The film forms a network-like conductive pathway. When the addition amount of the conductive filler is 2.5wt%, the surface resistance is the smallest (3.35×105 Ω/sq), and the visible light transmittance can reach 75%.
  • Study of the electronic structure and optical properties of Ni2V2O7
    WEN Yun, CAI Zongying, CAO Weigang, WANG Xinping, MO Yunhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11166-11171. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.021
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    In this paper, the crystal structure, electronic density of states and optical properties of Ni2V2O7 are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). By optimising the crystal ensemble structure, the calculations show that Ni2V2O7 exists with a direct band gap of 1.492 eV, where the valence band top is mainly composed of O2p and V3d orbital hybridisation, while the conduction band bottom originates from the 3d orbitals of Ni and 3d orbitals of V as well as a small contribution from O2p orbitals. Calculations of the optical properties show that the material has a low absorption coefficient and refractive index in the visible region and a significant light absorption in the UV region, which reaches a maximum at 61.7 nm (corresponding to an energy of about 20.3 eV). In the reflection spectrogram, the static value reaches 0.678, which shows the semiconductor properties and the response of Ni2V2O7 to light in different wavelength bands. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of Ni2V2O7 in the fields of photocatalysis, photodetectors and new energy devices, as well as a computational model reference for the design optimisation of transition metal vanadate systems.
    • Process & Technology
  • Study on integrated toughening and thermal insulation of epoxy resin
    PENG Bowen, LI Xiao, GONG Chengkai, ZHONG Quan, CHU Longsheng, CHEN Xiaolang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11172-11177. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.022
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    Aiming at the inherent brittleness of epoxy resin and the defects of limited thermal insulation performance, a series of toughened composite matrices were prepared by using polyurethane prepolymers (PUs) as toughening agent and epoxy resin (EP) as matrix. The composite matrix with 10wt% PUs addition was selected as the optimal ratio through structural characterization and mechanical property testing, which improved the flexural strength by 23.3% and impact strength by 149% while retaining 92% of the tensile strength. Different methods were used to introduce silica aerogel into PUs/EP for the preparation of toughened and heat-insulating integrated composites, among which the dry introduction of hydrophobic aerogel was optimal for the heat-insulating performance of the whole system, which could be improved by 35% with 7wt% introduction.
  • Investigation of anisotropic magnetoresistance in two-dimensional Weyl semimetal WTe2
    LI Shuo, WANG Ping, ZHANG Delin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11178-11182. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.023
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    As a typical type-II Weyl semimetal, WTe2 exhibits distinctive transport behaviors, including non-saturating magnetoresistance, high-temperature phase transitions, high-pressure superconductivity, linear and anisotropic magnetoresistance. Owing to the remarkable quantum properties and promising application prospects, WTe2 has emerged as a significant subject in condensed matter physics. In this study, we employed a four-terminal method to investigate the dependence of magnetoresistance on temperature, the magnitude and direction magnetic field in the WTe2. WTe2 exhibits a remarkable positive magnetoresistance effect, showing a parabolic increase with strengthening magnetic field. This phenomenon is attributed to the strong spin-orbit coupling in WTe2. Furthermore, WTe2 exhibits pronounced anisotropic magnetoresistance, originating from its Fermi surface structure comprising two pairs of electron and hole pockets with varying radii and carrier concentrations along different crystallographic directions. This structural anisotropy leads to orientation-dependent effects on carrier transport under magnetic fields. Additionally, the magnetoresistance of WTe2 shows dependence of temperature, we attribute this phenomenon to thermally induced modifications of carrier scattering mechanisms and Fermi surface geometry. The investigation of magnetoresistance in WTe2 elucidates the underlying physical mechanisms of its unique topological electronic structure and magnetoresistance effects, establishing fundamental principles for the design of next-generation spintronic devices.
  • Study of the effect of Zr doping on carrier mobility of ITO targets
    ZHAO Tianhao, WEN Lang, LONG Shenfeng, ZHU Guisheng, XU Huarui, HUANG Shicheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11183-11188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.024
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    With the development of high-performance display devices, higher requirements for the mobility of ITO targets have been put forward. In this paper, a high carrier mobility and high relative density ITO target with a carrier mobility of 62.8 cm2/Vs, a densification of 99.38%, and a resistivity of 1.778×10-4 Ω·cm was prepared by using 1% Zr ion doping at a sintering temperature of 1 500 ℃ and a holding time of 4 h. It was found that the Zr doping process introduces defects that could cause some electrons to be released as free carriers. It was found that the Zr doping process introduced defects that allow some of the electrons to be released as free carriers, which in turn increases the carrier concentration and reduces the resistivity. In terms of electrical performance, Zr doping effectively reduces the resistivity of the target, and effectively reduces the sintering temperature and sintering time of the target, greatly reducing energy consumption.
  • Study on the influence of CO2 gas concentration on the performance of mine foam filling materials
    SUN Yinghua, SUN Huiting, GUAN Xuemao, ZHANG Haibo
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11189-11198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.025
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    The coal mines have vast goaf areas and is coupled with substantial CO2 emissions, which pose significant ecological and environmental challenges. This study was proposed an innovative approach that integrated foam concrete (FC) with CO2 to develop a novel CO2 in-situ sequestering foam backfill material (CFC). This study was systematically investigated the influence of varying CO2 concentrations on the slurry properties, mechanical performance, and microstructural evolution of CFC specimens. The results demonstrated that at 60% CO2 concentration, the CFC specimens achieved optimal dry density and compressive strength, with the 3 d strength showing a 26.1% increase compared with the control group. Microstructural analysis revealed that CO2 incorporation induced CaCO3 crystallization, leading to pore wall thickening and densified skeletal structure. Furthermore, quantitative thermal analysis based on the mass loss peak area of CaCO3 indicated that the CFC specimens at 60% CO2 concentration achieved a CO2 sequestration capacity of 239 g CO2/m3. Moreover, elevated CO2 concentrations was adversely affected foam liquid films, inducing CO2 escape and consequently diminishing carbon sequestration efficiency. This study provides critical insights for large-scale implementation of CO2 mineralization filling technology, while contributing to green coal utilization strategies.
  • Research on the magnetic property enhancement of 1J85 alloy by heat treatment process
    WU Min
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11199-11202. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.026
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    A systematic study was conducted on the effects of heat treatment temperature and protective atmosphere on the microstructural evolution and magnetic properties of 1J85 alloy. Analyses using XRD, SEM, TEM, and magnetic property measurements reveal that appropriate heat treatment effectively promotes grain growth, relieves residual stress from the rolling process, and reduces grain boundary impurities and crystal defects, thereby significantly improving the material's magnetic performance. Specifically, permeability and magnetization are increased markedly, while coercivity and hysteresis loss are substantially reduced. As the heat treatment temperature increases, microstructural homogenization and recrystallization are further enhanced, leading to more pronounced performance improvements. Comparative evaluation of different atmospheres shows that hydrogen, due to its strong reducing capability, more effectively removes impurities and oxides, resulting in cleaner grain boundaries and a more favorable crystal structure. Consequently, samples treated in hydrogen exhibit superior magnetic properties compared to those treated under vacuum at the same temperature. When heat-treated in hydrogen at 1050 ℃, the 1J85 alloy develops uniform and large grains of 150–350μm with straight and well-defined grain boundaries, exhibiting excellent comprehensive soft magnetic characteristics. These results demonstrate that high-temperature hydrogen heat treatment is an effective process for enhancing the magnetic performance of 1J85 alloy.
  • Multi-field coupling simulations and corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo cladding layer on gray cast iron surface
    XIE Jixiang, ZHU Xiaoyi, SUN Zheng, CHEN Jie, LI Hui, YE Yong, WANG Yong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11203-11215. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.027
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    The limited corrosion resistance of gray cast iron significantly restrict its application scope. In this paper, Fe-Cr-Mo coating with good corrosion resistance was successfully prepared on the surface of gray cast iron by laser cladding technology. Numerical simulation was employed to reveal the evolution of temperature and stress fields during the cladding process. The optimal process parameters, laser power of 1 500 W, scanning speed of 5 mm/s, and powder feed rate of 18 g/min, were obtained based on orthogonal experiments. The results indicated that the microhardness of cladded layers reached 620.3 HV, which is 2.8 times higher compared to HT250 gray cast iron. In addition, the microstructure characterization revealed the metallurgical bonding between the cladding layer and the substrate was good, and the Cr element of the cladding layer was enriched. Moreover, the self-corrosion current density of the Fe-Cr-Mo cladding layer decreased from 114.2 to 3.98 μA/cm2, and the corrosion resistance was significantly improved. Finally, corrosion mechanisms for Fe-Cr-Mo cladding layers were systematically investigated. This work provided valuable guidance to develop surface modification technologies for gray cast iron.
  • Investigation on the magnetic properties of Ti-doped nickel-zinc ferrite prepared by solid-state reaction method
    ZHAO Xuan, LI Jie, ZHANG Yingde, ZHOU Weina, PI Siwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11216-11223. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.028
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    The Ti-doped nickel zinc ferrite Ni0.6Zn0.4TixFe2-xO4(x=0.00, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15) was synthesized using the solid-state reaction method at 1 150 ℃. The microstructure and chemical composition of the ferrites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. XRD data were refined using the GSAS software, confirming the formation of the ferrite spinel phase. Magnetic properties and permeability were evaluated using a vibrating sample magnetometer and a precision impedance analyzer. The results indicated that the material with Ti doping at x=0.09 exhibited the best performance, maintaining a high saturation magnetization Ms=73.69 Am2/kg and a low coercivity Hc=1.75×103 A/m, enhancing loss control capabilities.
  • Effect of additive ratio on the properties of carbon fiber paper prepared by hot-melt method for gas diffusion layer
    ZHAGN Yixia, LU Xuefeng, ZHANG Mengfei, LI Rong, LIU Cheng, HE Yue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11224-11230. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.029
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    As the core material of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), carbon fiber paper has the functions of both electrical conductivity and water transmission. Instead of the impregnation method, hot-melt method was used to laminate phenolic resin hot-melt adhesive film with carbon fiber base paper, and carbon fiber paper was obtained after hot-press curing, carbonization and graphitization to investigate the effect of additives in the hot-melt adhesive film on the microstructure and properties of carbon fiber paper. The results show that, relative to other samples, when the solid mass ratio of phenolic resin to polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) is 96:4, the carbon fiber paper has the best compression performance, electrical conductivity, and better hydrophobicity. At this time, the compressive stress of the carbon fiber paper under 20% of the compression deformation is 0.471 MPa, its sheet resistance is 5.48 mΩ·cm2 under 1 MPa pressure, and the contact angle is 118.005°.
  • The effect of TbH2+Al grain boundary diffusion on the permanent magnetic properties of high-cerium Nd-Ce-Fe-B sintered magnets
    LIU Xichen, WANG Shuai, FENG Kai, HAN Ting, YONG Hui, HU Jifan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(11): 11231-11236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.11.030
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    This study investigates the grain boundary diffusion of TbH2+Al in sintered cerium magnets with the composition (PrNd)17.96Ce13.54FebalM0.9B0.92(M=Al,Cu,Ti,Zr,Nb,Ga). It was found that the grain boundary diffusion of Tb100-xAlx (x=20、40) enhances the coercivity of the magnets, while slightly reducing the remanence and magnetic energy product. The analysis of Tb80Al20 diffusion at 920 ℃ for varying durations revealed that the permanent magnetic properties of the diffusion-optimized magnets reached their peak performance after 5 hours of diffusion. Microstructural analysis at different depths indicated that Tb replaces PrNdCe, forming a shell layer with high anisotropy. In the Tb80Al20 diffusion magnets, Tb was observed to diffuse deeply, even reaching the central region of the magnet. The minor addition of Al as a low-melting-point element enhances the fluidity and lubricity of the diffusion source, further promoting the deep diffusion of Tb, which contributes positively to the improvement of the magnet's coercivity. Furthermore, the diffusion of TbAl reduces the temperature coefficients of both coercivity and remanence, enhancing the thermal stability of the magnet's permanent magnetic properties.
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