30 July 2025, Volume 56 Issue 7
    

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    Focuses & Concerns
  • Mechanism of POSS-based foam stabilizers on compressive properties of rigid polyurethane
    CHEN Xiao, CHENG Baijie, GUANG Shanyi, XU Hongyao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7001-7007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to improve the mechanical properties of rigid polyurethane materials, a novel POSS-based hybrid foam stabilizer was prepared by using sulfhydryl POSS (SH-POSS) as an organic-inorganic nanobridge, and using an "alkene-mercaptan" click chemical reaction to combine hydrophobic groups single-ended vinyl dimethicone (VDMS), methyl 2-nonenoate (FEMA), hydrophilic group polyethylene glycol monoacrylate (APEG400) and allyl polyether (APEG750). The molecular structure of the target hybrid material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the effects of foam stabilizers with different chemical structures on the compressibility properties of the foam were evaluated by testing their surface tension, solubility and mechanical properties. The results showed that the molecular characteristics of the controllable structure of POSS matrix composites could reduce the surface tension to 25.31 mN/m, and the presence of polyether segments could effectively improve the compatibility between components, significantly improving the bubble stability. The nano-hybrid material can be effectively adsorbed inside the rigid polyurethane foam structure, enhance the bubble wall strength, endow the foam with more delicate and uniform cell distribution and excellent mechanical properties, and the compressive strength is increased to 205.29 kPa.
  • Preparation and stability study of CsPbBr3@MOF composites
    YANG Yuxuan, YANG Xiaohua, CHEN Jianzhuang, SHEN Jianhua, ZHANG Jianpeng, YANG Xiaoling
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7008-7014. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.002
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    Perovskite materials have been received widely widespread attention due to their controlled srystal structure, excellent photoelectric properties and excellent cost benefit. In order to solve the problem of poor stability of perovskite quantum dots due to environmental factors, the solid-phase template method was used to achieve the in-situ synthesis of perovskite quantum dots within the pores of metal-organic frameworks MOF-5(Zn), and CsPbBr3@MOF composites were successfully prepared with excellent stability. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of CsPbBr3 quantum dots which were filled in the MOF pores. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to investigate the chemical composition and surface structure of CsPbBr3@MOF. The optical properties of CsPbBr3@MOF were studied using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and transient fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, based on the variation of fluorescence spectral intensity, it was confirmed that the water, light, and thermal stability of the composite material CsPbBr3@MOF were significantly enhanced compared to that of CsPbBr3. This research provides a new idea and solution for improving the stability of perovskite quantum dots and expanding their applications.
  • Research on preparation and service performance of silver nanowire/polydopamine/cotton composite conductive fabric
    GE Qianru, JI Shulin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7015-7021. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.003
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    Polydopamine (PDA) was used to modify and pretreat pure cotton fabric (CF), and silver nanowires (AgNWs) were fixed on the fabric surface by a simple impregnation-drying method to successfully prepare AgNWs/PDA/CF composite conductive fabric. The surface morphology of the polydopamine modified fabric was analyzed, and the conductive properties and mechanical service performance of AgNWs/CF and AgNWs/PDA/CF were compared. The results show that the modifying pretreatment successfully formed a PDA coating layer on the fabric surface, which effectively improved the adsorption capacity of the fabric to AgNWs, and the square resistance of the composite conductive fabric was as low as 9 Ω/sq. Meanwhile, after 1 h of simulated washing in a household washing machine with a weakly acidic detergent, the resistance change rate of AgNWs/PDA/CF was about 150% (the resistance change rate of 6000% for AgNWs/CF under the same conditions). In addition, AgNWs/PDA/CF has excellent mechanical stability and can resist mechanical damages such as folding and peeling.
  • Preparation of Au-doped copper-based graphene electrodes and study of their interfacial properties with gallium metal
    JI Yue, LIANG Yasong, ZHANG Zhijia
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7022-7028. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.004
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    In this paper, we investigate the microscopic influence mechanisms of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on copper-based graphene (Cu-Gr) composite electrodes and their interfacial contact with gallium-based liquid metals. AuNPs-doped Cu-Gr three-dimensional conductive composite electrodes were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and impregnation reduction methods. Experimental methods such as SEM, XPS, XRD, and Raman were used to characterize the composition and microscopic morphology of the electrode materials. To investigate the microscopic mechanism of the doping effect of AuNPs, the density of states and the projected density of states at the Au-doped Cu-Gr electrode and the interface between Cu-Gr and gallium (Ga) metal were analyzed by using first-principles calculations. The results show that the resistance value of the composite electrodes before and after AuNPs doping decreased by 15.0%. The p-band center of C was reduced from -4.112 to -4.873 eV, which optimized the electronic activity of C and accelerated the electron transport between the interfaces. The Cu-Gr interfacial binding energy increased from 0.026 eV to 0.959 eV, which improved the stability performance of the composite electrode. The d orbitals of Au formed a p-d-p hybridized form with the p orbitals of C, and the p orbitals of Ga, which increased the bonding between the interfaces, and improved the load transfer efficiency between the interfaces.
  • Study on preparation and thermal insulation of polyimide aerogel
    WANG Bolin, WANG Ziqing, YU Wentao, PAN Haonan, SONG Jianjun, MIN Yonggang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7029-7034. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.005
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    Polyamic acid salt solutions were synthesized with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) with 4,4′-Oxydianiline (ODA) and triethylamine (TEA), respectively. Polyimide aerogels were then prepared by freeze-drying and thermal imidization. The influence of the difference between monomer and solid content on the properties of polyimide aerogels was explored. The results show that the comprehensive properties of BPDA aerogels are better than PMDA aerogels. The thermal conductivity of BP2 is as low as 0.04062 W/(m·K), and the temperature is gradually stabilized at 107.4 ℃ after held at 250 ℃ for 300 s, which has the best thermal insulation performance.
    • Review & Advance
  • Research progress on doping of aluminum nitride films with Group ⅢB elements
    ZHU Huanneng, WU Jin, WANG Qiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7035-7043. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.006
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    As one of the representatives of the third-generation semiconductor materials, aluminum nitride (AlN) has attracted extensive attention in multiple application fields. However, the piezoelectric properties of intrinsic AlN are insufficient to meet the requirements of piezoelectric devices in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), such as energy harvesters, surface acoustic wave resonators, and bulk acoustic wave resonators. This paper focuses on the effect and mechanism of scandium (Sc) doping in aluminum nitride to generate the piezoelectric enhancement material AlScN. Currently, the main methods for preparing AlScN piezoelectric thin films include magnetron sputtering (PVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In order to achieve excellent piezoelectric properties, AlScN thin films need to possess high piezoelectric performance, good c-axis oriented growth, and excellent crystallinity. Current research mainly concentrates on adjusting the Sc doping concentration, growth temperature, Ⅲ/V ratio, and substrate materials to enhance the overall performance of AlScN thin films. In contrast, yttrium (Y) and ytterbium (Yb) as doping elements show greater application potential. They can not only achieve higher doping concentrations (theoretically up to 0.75 and 0.77 respectively) but also have lower costs compared to Sc. This makes the application prospects of Y and Yb in future piezoelectric devices broader, providing a new research direction for improving the piezoelectric properties of AlN.
  • Recent progress on mechanical and magnetic properties of FeCoNi-based magnetic high-entropy alloys
    DONG Peilin, LI Jie, JIN Lichuan, LI Jinfeng, ZHONG Zhiyong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7044-7059. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.007
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    Metallic magnetic materials are extensively utilized in aerospace, the automotive industry, and electronic information technologies. With advancements in science and technology, the demand for enhanced mechanical properties in these materials has intensified. Magnetic metals exhibiting superior mechanical characteristics can significantly improve material reliability, reduce processing costs, and enhance economic benefits. Traditionally, metallic magnetic materials have been comprised of intermetallic or amorphous compounds, which often struggle to achieve a simultaneous balance between strength and plasticity. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer remarkable mechanical properties, with their solid solution nature providing greater flexibility in compositional selection and multiple strengthening mechanisms to optimize these properties. By employing the design principles of high-entropy alloys, one can select a high concentration of magnetic elements such as Fe, Co, and Ni as the foundational components, thereby enhancing the magnetic moment. The mechanical and magnetic properties of these alloys can be fine-tuned through microstructural adjustments, facilitating the development of novel magnetic alloys with desirable attributes. This review begins with a brief overview of several commonly employed strategies to enhance the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys. It subsequently discusses the research advancements concerning the magnetic functionalities of these alloys. Various approaches to design high-entropy soft magnetic alloys with commendable mechanical properties are also presented. Furthermore, the progress of FeCoNi-based magnetic high-entropy alloys as permanent magnets, magnetocaloric materials, and high-frequency magnetic materials is examined. The review concludes by addressing the existing challenges in the current research landscape of soft magnetic high-entropy alloys and projecting future development trends in this field.
  • Research progress of organic dual-fluorescence emission materials
    WANG Gang, ZHOU Yunsong, YANG Meiling, LIU Fengyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7060-7069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.008
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    Organic dual-fluorescence emitters are one of kinds of the materials with two independent emission bands, which have been intensively pursued for the widespread applications, including smart fluorescence sensing, super-resolution biological imaging, and ultrahigh-density optical data storage, etc. In this paper, the research of two types of dual-fluorescence systems, the emission origins of which are individually originated from two separate fluorophores and two correlated emitting states, were reviewed. The characteristics of the fabricated dual-fluorescence systems based on the different principles for various applications were systematically summarized. Moreover, the nature of their sensitivity to the external environmental changes was discussed in detailed. Eventually, the challenges in various application areas was proposed, which might benefit for inspiring the designs of the new unimolecular dual-fluorescence materials with excellent photochemical and photophysical properties.
  • Research progress of boron carbide sintering technology
    WEI Daimiao, ZHAO Guozhang, YAN Huifeng, FU Jifang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7070-7079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.009
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    Boron carbide is a ceramic material characterized by its high hardness, high modulus, high melt point and low density. It exhibits stable chemical properties, exceptional corrosion resistance, outstanding resistance to high-temperature oxidation, superior wear resistance, and good neutron absorption capabilities. These remarkable properties have led to boron carbide's widespread application in industries such as aerospace, chemical engineering, and nuclear industry. This article reviews the recent research progress in boron carbide sintering technology both domestically and internationally, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of various sintering techniques for boron carbide, including pressureless sintering, hot-press sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot-isostatic pressing, microwave sintering, and ultra-high pressure sintering. Furthermore, it discusses the influence of these sintering techniques on the final density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of sintered boron carbide. The objective is to provide valuable insights for the research and application of boron carbide materials.
  • A review on Ag3PO4 photocatalysts: synthesis, modification, and multifunctional applications
    YANG Liuqing, LU Dingze, ZENG Yimei, LIU Yucheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7080-7092. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.010
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    In the field of photocatalysis, silver phosphate (Ag3PO4), a prominent visible-light-driven semiconductor photocatalytic material, has garnered significant attention due to its suitable bandgap properties and excellent quantum efficiency, enabling it to efficiently degrade organic pollutants, produce hydrogen via water splitting, and exhibit strong antibacterial effects under visible light irradiation. Current core research directions for Ag3PO4-based photocatalysts focus on further enhancing light absorption capacity, optimizing charge carrier separation efficiency, and addressing the issue of photocorrosion. This review systematically analyzes the photocatalytic mechanism of Ag3PO4 based on its physicochemical properties, revealing the dynamic processes of photogenerated charge carriers and the principles of recombination suppression. By comparing various synthesis methods, including precipitation, colloid, hydrothermal, solid-phase grinding, and chemical oxidation methods, their impacts on the morphology and performance of Ag3PO4 are discussed. To tackle bottlenecks such as low charge carrier mobility and photocorrosion, multidimensional modification strategies are proposed, including morphology regulation, ion doping, defect engineering, and construction of semiconductor heterojunctions. The underlying mechanisms by which these strategies enhance the performance of Ag3PO4-based photocatalysts are also elucidated. Additionally, the review summarizes the application fields of Ag3PO4-based materials and prospects their potential in environmental governance, energy conversion, sterilization, and disinfection, providing critical references and guidance for future in-depth research and broad applications of this material.
    • Research & Development
  • Study on mechanical properties and salt corrosion resistance of surface functionalized graphene oxide modified geopolymer concrete
    LYU Dawei, CUI Yue
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7093-7102. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.011
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    Surface functionalized GO-NH2 was prepared by dehydration condensation reaction of ethylenediamine and graphene oxide (GO). Surface functionalization improved the hydrophilicity of GO and weakened the interlayer interactions of GO. Subsequently, GO-NH2 was incorporated into geopolymer concrete, and the effects of surface functionalization and GO-NH2 doping on the mechanical properties, microstructure, pore size distribution, and salt corrosion resistance of geopolymer concrete were studied. The results showed that the surface functionalized GO-NH2 water contact angle decreased from 90.1° to 64.9°, reducing the probability of aggregation between GO layers. Both surface functionalization of GO and increasing the doping amount of GO-NH2 could enhance the hydration degree of geopolymer concrete and increase the proportion of large-sized pores. With the increase of GO-NH2 doping, the compressive strength and flexural strength of geopolymer concrete showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The compressive strength and flexural strength of 0.09%GO-NH2 reached their maximum values at 28 d, which were 47.7 and 7.2 MPa, respectively. Its maximum load and maximum stress reached 214.3 N and 3.9 mm, respectively. The corrosion products in geopolymer concrete during wet-dry cycles in Na2SO4 solution were mainly ettringite AFt and gypsum. After 50 wet-dry cycles, the mass loss rate of 0.09%GO-NH2 was the lowest at only 2.61%, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 77.22%. It had the best mechanical properties and salt corrosion resistance.
  • Study on the frost resistance and damage model of rubber modified concrete under salt freezing environment
    LI Gaoyang, WEI Feng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7103-7112. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.012
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    In this paper, rubber particles were treated with silanization modification through silane coupling agent KH-570, and the modified rubber particles were mixed into concrete. The effects of KH-570 modification treatment on the hydrophilic properties and functional group structure of rubber particles were investigated. The effects of modified rubber particles on mechanical properties, micro-morphology, pore structure and frost resistance of concrete were studied. The damage model of concrete was established to evaluate the estimated service life of concrete. The results showed that KH-570 introduces a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of rubber particles, and the surface water contact angle of rubber particles decrease from 138° to 69.3°. The hydrophobicity is changed to hydrophilicity. The interface bonding strength between the modified rubber particles and the cement matrix is enhanced, and the number of pores and cracks is reduced. The total porosity of the concrete doped with 5wt% modified rubber particles is reduced to 9.722%, and the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete at 28 days of age reach the maximum values of 40.2 MPa and 6.2 MPa. At 150 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of the sample with the doping ratio are 1.42% and 76.6%, respectively, which have the best freeze-resistance performance. The estimated service life of the concrete is predicted to be 29.45 years by damage model.
  • Effects of DBU dedoping on the structures and thermoelectric properties of PEDOT: PSS films
    YANG Changan, XU Penghui, ZHANG Li
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7113-7118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.013
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    Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT: PSS) plays an important role in flexible thermoelectric films due to its commercialization, excellent water solubility, low thermal conductivity and high flexibility. However, the insulating PSS and highly oxidized conductive PEDOT in PEDOT: PSS lead to lower conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Here, insulating PSS is partially removed by secondary doping with dimethyl sulfoxide, which benefits to arrange conductive PEDOT molecular chains orderly and optimize the microstructure of PEDOT: PSS film. Meanwhile, the dedoping is carried out using the electron donor 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene (DBU), which realizes the regulation of oxidation level of PEDOT. Finally, the room temperature power factor of the PEDOT: PSS flexible thermoelectric film is up to 48.17 μW/(m·K2). In addition, the temperature-dependent thermoelectric transport behaviour of PEDOT: PSS film treated by DMSO and DBU can be well-matched with the Mott range jump model, indicating the carrier transport of obtained PEDOT: PSS film is dominated by the random motion of heat excitation. This study provides a new idea for the development of high-performance organic PEDOT: PSS thermoelectric materials.
  • Performance characterization and numerical simulation analysis of polyethylene glycol-based composite phase change materials
    ZHONG Jinbao, ZHANG Jian, FAN Haoxi, WANG Yongpeng, MENG Xiangyi, FENG Xianglong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7119-7125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.014
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    The article adopts the melt blending method to stably adsorb polyethylene glycol (PEG) within the network, which significantly addresses the issues of low thermal conductivity and leakage of the phase change material PEG, thereby producing a composite phase change material (CPCM) for battery thermal management. The study found that when the content of PEG is 85.29%, no leakage occurs, and at this point, the thermal conductivity is 1.488 W/(m·K), which is seven times that of pure PEG. The phase change heat absorption of CPCM starts at 40.2 ℃ and ends at 60.7 ℃, with a heat absorption enthalpy value reaching 160.9 J/g, while the phase change heat release starts at 35.8 ℃ and ends at 23.5 ℃, with a heat release enthalpy value reaching 140 J/g. Furthermore, after undergoing 200 cycles of melting/crystallization, CPCM still maintains high thermal stability and excellent thermal reliability, showing strong competitiveness in thermal energy storage applications. This paper also conducted a numerical simulation analysis of its CPCM, and the results indicate that, under the same conditions, compared to pure PEG phase change materials, CPCM has a faster thermal response speed and higher heat storage capacity. Breakthroughs have been made in practicality, offering broad application prospects.
  • Synthesis of MXene/polypyrrole composite and its capacitance properties research
    PANG Xinyu, CHEN Jian, QIAO Xuan, QIU Jianhui, ZANG Limin, YANG Chao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7126-7134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.015
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    In order to address the issue of layer stacking in MXene electrode material, a chemical polymerization method was employed to facilitate the growth of highly conductive polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface and between layers of MXene. The incorporation of PPy significantly enhances the layer spacing of MXene and provides abundant active sites for charge transfer, thereby optimizing the electrochemical performance of the electrode. Moreover, PPy also introduces additional redox sites to enhance capacitance in the electrode. For flexible electrode fabrication, a composite material comprising MXene/PPy and activated carbon (AC) ink was screen printed onto a paper substrate to successfully fabricate interdigitated asymmetric micro-supercapacitors (AMSCs). The morphology, structure, and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrate that AMSC exhibits an area specific capacitance as high as 40.66 mF/cm2 at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2. Furthermore, it achieves remarkable energy density and corresponding power density values up to 0.011 mWh/cm2 and 0.35 mW/cm2, respectively. The modified approach proposed in this study optimizes the electrode architecture while effectively enhancing its electrochemical performance.
  • Effect of C6H13NH3Br on the growth and luminescent properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films
    HE Xiaolong, LIU Jun, YANG Yanchun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7135-7139. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.016
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    Excellent CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films are an important guarantee for high-performance light-emitting diodes, and its rapid crystallization affects the compactness of the film and limits the performance of the light-emitting diodes. In this work, C6H13NH3Br addition was used as the capping ligand of the crystal surface to control the growth of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite crystals and improve the compactness of the films. By studying that the introduction of C6H13NH3Br has on the crystal growth, and improvement of the film morphology and the luminescent properties of CH3NH3PbBr3 thin film, these results show CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite thin films present the best surface morphology and luminescent properties, with 15% of C6H13NH3Br doping and the optimal sintering conditions of 70 ℃ and 4 min.
  • Study on the microstructure and properties of in-situ synthesized (TiC+Al3Ti) reinforced aluminum matrix composites
    ZHUANG Weibin, CAO Qing, QIN Longjian, SUN Chuanmiao, JIN Zhonggui, LIU Jingfu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7140-7145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.017
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    1wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt% (TiC+Al3Ti)/6061 aluminum based composites were prepared by using in-situ synthesis method, and the effect of the content of biphasic reinforcement on the microstructure and properties of the composites was studied. In composite materials, TiC particles are distributed at grain boundaries with an average size of 88 nm. The Al3Ti phase is short rod-shaped and distributed within the grains, with an average length of 35 μm. The grain size of composite materials gradually decreases with the increase of (TiC+Al3Ti) content. When the (TiC+Al3Ti) content is 5wt%, the grain refinement effect is most significant, and the average grain size of the composite material is 43.02 μm. As the content of (TiC+Al3Ti) increases, the Brinell hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and maximum compressive load of the composite material gradually increase. The mechanical properties of the 5wt% (TiC+Al3Ti)/6061 composite material are the highest, with values of 104.57 HB, 322.19 MPa, 186.27 MPa, and 457.13 MPa, respectively.
  • Preparation and antibacterial properties of polyaspartic-acid-based hydrogel loaded with silver nanoparticles
    JI Yingying, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Hongyu, HE Pan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7146-7152. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.018
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    High molecular weight polysuccinimide was synthesized by polycondensation reaction of L-aspartic acid. Followed by ammonolysis by gamma aminobutyric acid and ethanolamine and reaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), the water soluble polyaspartic acid materials with hydroxyl and activated -COOH were obtained. Meanwhile, hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI)-stabilized silver nanoclusters (PEI-AgNCs) were fabricated in the presence of sodium borohydride by chemical reduction method. When these two materials are mixed in aqueous solution, the amide crosslinked hydrogels can be formed within 30 s. The morphology, sustained release of silver ions, biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the hydrogels were characterized by SEM, ICP, MTT assay and spread plate method, separately. The experimental results indicated that polyaspartic-acid-based hydrogel formed with PEI-AgNCs exhibited better biocompatibility towards L 929 cells and stronger antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus compared with the hydrogel formed with PEI.
  • Preparation and performance of Ni-doped manganese dioxide as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries
    LI Juan, FENG Yunfei, MA Luqi, NIE Qiaochutong, ZHAO Lianzhou, ZHANG Yinuo, PENG Wenjing, WU Xuanru, SHEN Haotian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7153-7162. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.019
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    Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered highly promising for large-scale energy storage devices due to their high safety, low cost, and environmentally friendly nature. Manganese dioxide serves as a positive electrode material owing to its low cost, high voltage, and high energy density. However, it also faces challenges such as poor conductivity, slow zinc ion diffusion rate, and susceptibility to phase transitions and structural collapse during cycling. The manganese dioxide was modified by pre-inserting different proportions of Ni2+ with hydrothermal method. The structure, composition and morphology of the samples were investigated by XRD, EDS and SEM, and a series of electrochemical performance tests such as CV, EIS, GCD, C-Rate, and GITT were conducted on the assembled battery. The results showed that the introduction of Ni2+ not only improved the conductivity of MnO2, but also reduced the strong electrostatic repulsion between Zn2+ and MnO2, improved ion insertion and transport kinetics, and enabled aqueous zinc ion batteries to achieve excellent capacity, cycling performance, and rate performance. When the current density was 0.1 A/g, the initial discharge specific capacity of NMO-0.3 was as high as 259.6 mAh/g, almost twice the highest specific capacity of undoped MnO2. After 200 cycles of charge and discharge, the capacity remained at 119.9 mAh/g, while the capacity of undoped MnO2 was only 28.9 mAh/g after 200 cycles. After rate testing, NMO-0.3 returned to the charging and discharging conditions of 0.1 A/g, the rate of battery capacity recovery was as high as 83.8%, showing excellent recovery performance. The kinetics analysis illustrated that the capacity of MO and NMO-0.3 was mainly controlled by the diffusion process, and the ion diffusion coefficient of NMO-0.3 was significantly higher than that of MO. This work provides a certain reference for improving the performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries.
    • Process & Technology
  • Self-healing waterborne polyurethane based on dynamic phenol-carbamate bonds
    WANG Yunting, WANG Yuan, ZHANG Pingbo, YU Zaixi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7163-7169. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.020
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    A series of self-healing waterborne polyurethanes with different GA contents were prepared by using water as a solvent, IPDI, PTMG and renewable plant polyphenol gallic acid (GA) as raw materials. The self-healing property of GA-WPU mainly depends on the synergistic effect of dynamic phenol-carbamate bond and hydrogen bond. The structure and properties of GA modified self-healing waterborne polyurethane were analyzed by using FT-IR spectrometer, Zeta potential and nano particle size analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer, optical contact angle tester and film tensile strength tester. The results showed that GA was successfully introduced into the polyurethane molecular chain, and with the increase of GA content, the average emulsion particle size, hydrophobicity and tensile strength of GA-WPU increased, while the elongation at break decreased. The average emulsion particle size of GA-WPU-4 was 77.74 nm, the maximum tensile stress was 35.99 MPa, and the contact Angle was 91.4°. When the GA content was appropriate, the self-healing efficiency of GA-WPU increased with the increase of GA content. After healing at 60 ℃ for 24 h, the self-healing efficiency of GA-WPU-3 was 94.42%.
  • Preparation of silicon carbon composite as anode electrode materials by magnesium thermal reduction
    SUN Chaoqun, An Yuliang, XIE Chi, KONG Hanwen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7170-7174. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.021
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    The composite of silicon and carbon was prepared by blending graphite particles and porous silicon producted by magnesium thermal reduction of the white carbon black. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared materials were characterized by XRD, BET and SEM, and the results demonstrated that the silicon material was loose, porous, and evenly distributed. These structures can effectively alleviate the volume expansion effect of silicon particles. The results of electrochemical property show that the cycling stability and reversible charge and discharge capacity of the composite has been improved, with a first discharge specific capacity of 529 mAh/g. After 30 cycles, the reversible efficiency is 99.47%, indicating that the composite of porous silicon and graphite improves the conductivity of the materials and enhances electrochemical performance.
  • Liquid metal thermal conductivity structure based on variable magnetic field
    YANG Hui, SHI Taisen, LI Dachao, LI Jianhua, ZHAO Ruofan, MA Shuzhen
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7175-7180. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.022
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    Efficient heat dissipation efficiency and device thermal protection are essential features of high-power integrated circuits (ICs). While coating ICs with high thermal conductivity materials is expected to alleviate the problem of heat concentration, ensuring thermal protection of devices around high-temperature chips remains a challenge. Inspired by the one-way nutrient transport of plant root microstructure, a high thermal conductivity network was constructed using magnetic liquid metal droplets (MLMD) to adaptively control the heat transfer path. This approach aims to improve thermal management efficiency by addressing the challenges of thermal concentration, disordered heat dissipation, and difficult thermal protection of high-power ICs. In this study, the structure of the heat conduction network is planned by controlling the magnetic field distribution to ensure the rapid and orderly heat dissipation of the ICs and the thermal protection performance of the network. The heat conduction network generated by magnetron not only improves the thermal management efficiency of ICs, but also shows broad application prospects in aerospace, electronics and other related industries.
  • Study on preparation and durability of graphene oxide recycled concrete
    WANG Xuan, WANG Shujuan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7181-7188. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.023
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    The functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) was carried out by using p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and the effects of PPD treatment on the structure and thermal stability of GO were systematically studied. The GO functionalized with PPD was incorporated into recycled concrete and the effects of PPD-GO doping amount on the microstructure, phase structure, mechanical properties, and carbonation resistance of concrete were investigated. The results showed that the functionalization treatment successfully grafted PPD onto the surface of GO and the two were covalently bonded to obtain PPD-GO. After PPD functionalization treatment, the thermal stability of GO's carbon skeleton was improved, and the residual mass increased from 43.1% to 50.3%. Adding an appropriate amount of PPD-GO to recycled concrete can accelerate the hydration reaction of the concrete, increase its density, and reduce the number of harmful and multiple harmful pores. With the increase of PPD-GO content, the compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete first increased and then decreased. The compressive strength and flexural strength of PPD-GO-0.06% sample reached their maximum values, which were 47.6 and 9.0 MPa, respectively. At 35 d, the lowest carbonization depth of PPD-GO-0.06% was only 11.1 mm, indicating excellent durability performance.
  • Effect of polypropylene fiber on mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled mortar
    QIN Yuan, HU Shoubin, ZHOU Heng, ZHAO Jingwei, DUAN Minghan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7189-7199. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.024
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    In order to explore the practicability of fiber incorporation into recycled mortar, after crushing, shaping and screening the construction waste aggregate, the coarse sand of class III recycled fine aggregate (RFA) was screened, and standard specimens of cement mortar with different volumes of RFA content (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%) were designed. The mortar specimens containing 0.9 kg/m3 and mortar specimens without PPF were designed under each group of dosages. The mineral composition of RFA and mortar and mechanical properties of mortar specimens under different RFA dosages were determined, and the thermogravimetric analysis and microscopic morphology observation of mortar specimens under different RFA dosages were carried out. The results show that the mineral composition of RFA is more discrete than that of NFA. With the increase of RFA content, the compressive strength of the mortar specimens without PPF first increases and then decreases, and the flexural strength and splitting tensile strength show a decreasing trend. The compressive strength of the PPF-containing mortar specimens decreases sequentially, and the flexural and splitting tensile strengths reaches the optimal at the RFA substitution rate of 10%. Both RFA and PPF can reduce the brittleness index of the mortar and improve the toughness of the mortar. The degree of hydration and carbonization of recycled mortar is directly proportional to the RFA content. The SEM results show that the bridging and tensile action between PPF and the matrix can effectively improve the mechanical strength of the recycled mortar.
  • Construction and supercapacitor performance of Ni0.85Se@MnxCo2-xSe2/CC free-standing electrode
    XUE Leilei, LIU Shuyuan, ZHENG Zhichao, TIAN Zhen, GUO Li
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7200-7208. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.025
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    Under the “dual-carbon” target, the development of energy storage technology has received extensive attention. Supercapacitors hold an important position in the energy storage field due to numerous advantages. Transition metal selenides have become a focus as supercapacitor electrode materials because of their high specific capacitance. In this paper, a composite material was obtained by coating Ni0.85Se nanoparticles on the surface of MnxCo2-xSe2/CC (carbon cloth) through a two-step hydrothermal method, which increased the active sites of the composite. Moreover, the addition of Ni0.85Se significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of the MnxCo2-xSe2/CC material. The specific capacitance of the Ni0.85Se@MnxCo2-xSe2/CC electrode material reached 1 083 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. When the current density was increased by 20 times, the capacitance retention rate was 84%, which was better than that of MnxCo2-xSe2/CC. After 8 000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacity retention rate reached 81.3%, confirming that the Ni0.85Se@MnxCo2-xSe2/CC composite had good rate performance and cycling stability. It shows great potential in the application of supercapacitor electrode materials and provides a direction for the development of high-performance supercapacitors.
  • Effect of Al doping on the lithium extraction performance of H1.6Mn1.6O4 lithium ion sieves
    CAI Xiuxian, ZHOU Bingbing, LIU Xiao, LI Fenghua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7209-7216. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.026
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    Spinel-type manganese-based lithium ion sieves (LMOs) can achieve efficient and selective extraction of lithium from seawater and brine, but their cyclic process of lithium removal is prone to dissolution loss of Mn2+, which restricts their practical application. In this paper, Al-doped spinel-type Li1.6Mn1.6O4 (LMO) precursors were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and Al-doped spinel-type lithium ion sieves H1.6Mn1.6O4 (HMO) were obtained by acid washing. The results showed that the maximum lithium adsorption capacity was 27.8 mg/g (CLi+=250 mg/L) at 5% doping, which was 35.95% higher compared with 20.6 mg/g undoped. The Li+desorption rate was increased from 87.44% undoped to 97.60%, which was 11.62% higher. The manganese dissolution loss rate was reduced from 4.12% undoped to 3.36%, 18.45% lower. It is concluded that Al doping can improve the adsorption capacity of HMO for lithium, and the doping effectively improves its structural stability under the condition of maintaining a higher adsorption capacity. The Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models can well fit the adsorption process of Al-doped HMO for Li+.
  • Properties of B-doped ZnO films deposited by LPCVD
    XU Yajun, MA Haoran, WU Jun, SHEN Honglie
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7217-7222. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.027
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    In this article, the effect of growth conditions and annealing conditions on the film properties of boron-doped ZnO films deposited by LPCVD is investigated. We investigate the effect of forming gas, N2 and air annealing on film mobility and bulk carrier concertration, respectively. The passivation properties of the ALD-deposited Al2O3/ZnO:B stacks are closely related to the Al2O3 thickness, the interfacial oxide state and the annealing conditions. With optimal annealing, the iVoc of the stacked layers could be obtained 687 mV at the Al2O3 thickness of only approximately 2 nm. We find that the contact resistivity of ZnO:B with ITO/Ag is as low as 2.9 mΩ·cm2 by measuring the contact resistivity of different measured structures.
  • Study on the microstructure and properties of CoCrFeNiMox high entropy alloy coatings by laser cladding
    TIAN Zhigang, LI Xinmei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7223-7229. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.028
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    In order to investigate the effect of refractory element Mo content on the properties of CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy coatings, CoCrFeNiMox (x=0.2, 0.5, 0.8) high entropy alloy coatings were prepared using laser cladding technology. The results indicate that the phase structure of the coating consists of face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) phases. When the Mo content is less than 0.8, the coating phase is mainly composed of FCC phase. When the Mo content is greater than 0.8, the coating phase is composed of FCC and BCC phases. The microstructure of the coating is mainly composed of equiaxed crystals and partially columnar crystals. At the same time, as the content of added Mo element increases, the hardness of the coating increases. When the content of added Mo element is 0.8, the hardness of the coating reaches its highest point, with a maximum hardness of 343.68HV0.2. As the Mo content increases, the weight loss of the coating before and after wear decreases, and the friction coefficient decreases.
  • Study on the friction characteristics of DLC coating on copper alloy surface
    JI Leilei, YU Lan, TANG Hua, YU Shuangshuang, LI Duosheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(7): 7230-7236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.07.029
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    Cr/Cr+WC/WC-DLC/DLC multiphase coatings were designed and prepared on copper alloys by using magnetron enhanced PVD/CVD composite deposition method. By adjusting the thickness of the intermediate gradient layer WC-DLC, it is aimed to improve the mechanical properties of copper tin alloys. The microstructure structure of DLC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The mechanical properties of DLC coatings were studied using nanoindentation tester, nanoscratch tester, and reciprocating dry friction tester respectively. The results show that as the thickness of the intermediate gradient layer increases, the nanoindentation hardness of the DLC coating first decreases from 12.9 GPa to 11.4 GPa and then increases to 14.6 GPa. The bonding strength between copper alloy and DLC coating reaches HF-1 level. This gradient interlayer design significantly improves the adhesion and hardness between copper tin alloy and DLC coating. The steady state friction coefficients are 0.089 (Si3N4) and 0.193 (GCr15). Compared to copper alloy, DLC coatings exhibit excellent tribological properties.
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