30 August 2025, Volume 56 Issue 8
    

  • Select all
    |
    Focuses & Concerns
  • Magnetically driven hexapod microrobot and its applications in particle micromanipulation
    WANG Fuyan, MOU Fangzhi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8001-8007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This paper presents the development of a magnetically-driven hexapod microrobot for particle micromanipulation. The microrobot can be easily prepared using the solvothermal method. The structure and motion properties of the hexapod microrobot were analyzed using SEM, Helmholtz-coil magnetic-field system, and numerical simulations, and the performance of the microrobots in particle micromanipulation was also investigated. The results indicate that the hexapod microrobot has a size of approximately 5 μm. The addition of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K30 during the microrobot synthesis can control its size and secondary dendrites. The hexapod microrobot exhibits excellent magnetic-response performance, allowing it to be driven by a magnetic field with a low field strength. This ensures its synchronized response with the control device within the frequency parameter range of the alternating magnetic field of 90 Hz and below. Additionally, it demonstrates motion adaptability and high efficiency in highly viscous solutions. The hexapod microrobot achieves controlled capturing, transportation, and unloading of a 7 μm polystyrene microsphere by utilizing its vortex and wake effects on the microsphere when the strength and steady state of the surrounding flow field are controlled by the microrobot via rotation-frequency adjustments. This microrobot provides a precise tool for manipulating particles at the micron scale.
  • Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid hydrogen leakage behavior in epoxy resin systems
    CHEN Hongzhi, GAO Chang, XU Hao, WU Zhanjun
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8008-8012. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.002
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This study investigated the diffusion, adsorption, and permeation characteristics of hydrogen molecules in an epoxy resin system, exploring the influence of different degrees of crosslink, and tensile fractures on the permeation behavior of hydrogen molecules. Utilizing the Dreiding force field, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods were employed to study the hydrogen permeation behavior of DGEBA epoxy resin. By simulating the adsorption and diffusion motion of hydrogen molecules in epoxy resin matrices with different degrees of crosslink under operating conditions of -252.87 ℃ and 1 MPa, the leakage situation was inferred based on the relevant simulation data. The research results indicate that as the degree of crosslink of the epoxy resin increases, the leakage coefficient of hydrogen shows a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing, closely related to the microstructure formed during the crosslinking process of epoxy resins with different degrees of crosslink. Additionally, the variation law of the hydrogen leakage coefficient in the epoxy resin matrix during tensile fracture was discussed, revealing the connection between macroscopic leakage phenomena at different tensile stages and microstructural damage. This study is meaningful for the development of epoxy resins related to liquid hydrogen storage.
  • Optimization of the preparation and thermal properties of composites based on the Box Behnken response surface method
    XUE Zhiqi, WANG Hanqing, ZHAO Jinping, WU Songlin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8013-8020. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.003
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Zeolite (CA) is renowned for its large specific surface area, porosity, and superior adsorption capabilities. Utilized as an adsorbent carrier for paraffin (PA), it significantly mitigates paraffin leakage. In this study, paraffin was employed as the phase change material, zeolite as the adsorption carrier, and expanded graphite (EG) was used to enhance thermal conductivity. The composite phase change material was synthesized via a vacuum adsorption process. Single-factor experiments were conducted to ascertain the key influencing factors and their levels, which included adsorption temperature, vacuum level, and the mass fraction of paraffin. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to quantify the effects of these factors, ranking them in order of significance: vacuum level, paraffin mass fraction, and adsorption temperature. The experimental conditions were optimized based on these insights. The structural and thermal properties of the composite material were assessed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC analysis indicated a phase change temperature of 32.04 ℃ and a latent heat of 63.87 J/g for the composite material, rendering it suitable for indoor temperature regulation and as a building energy storage material. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of chemical reactions among the constituent materials. Additionally, the composite material demonstrated good thermal and chemical stability after 200 cycles of heating and cooling.
  • Performance study of copolymer modified poly (ethylene succinate) for solid-state electrolytes
    WANG Siyang, DAI Xinke, ZHANG Xinwen, WU Tianyu, YE Haimu
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8021-8027. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.004
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Polyester exhibits excellent lithium-ion transport capabilities and a wide electrochemical stability window, making it a promising matrix material for solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPE). This study designs a biodegradable poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) SPE with outstanding electrochemical stability by copolymerizing dimethyl oxalate monomers, which reduces the crystallinity of the polyester and increases the polarity of the molecular chains. The prepared polyester SPE (PESOx5 SPE) features a broad electrochemical stability window of 5.1 V (vs. Li+/Li), an ionic conductivity of 2.94×10-4 S/cm (90 ℃) and a lithium-ion transference number of 0.83. Additionally, this electrolyte exhibits good interfacial stability with lithium anode, maintaining stable lithium deposition/stripping behavior for over 350 h at elevated temperatures. The assembled Li||LiFePO4 cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 132.8 mA·h/g at 90 ℃ and 0.1 C, with a capacity retention of over 70% after 100 cycles.
  • Electromagnetic microwave properties of CoFeMnSi monolayers
    CAO Mengqi, YOU Caiyin, TIAN Na
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8028-8032. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.005
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The effects of annealing temperature (300 ℃≤TA≤425 ℃) on the magnetic properties and microstructure of CoFeMnSi (CFMS) films prepared by magnetron sputtering were studied. The results showed that annealing at 400 ℃ for 30 min could significantly improve the magnetic properties of CFMS films. The saturation magnetization increased from 636.11 emu/cm3 to 906.05 emu/cm3, the coercivity decreased from 7 283.40 A/m to 6 513.67 A/m, and the damping factor decreased sharply from 0.0339 to 0.0069, which could be attributed to the fact that the crystallization and surface roughness of CFMS in the films were improved by the annealing treatment. The optimized CFMS films had potential application value in high speed, low power consumption and large capacity electromagnetic microwave devices.
    • Review & Advance
  • Advances in thiophene-based conducting polymers for energy storage and photovoltaic conversion
    LI Jiujuan, XIE Kaibin, WANG Shouxu, HONG Yan, ZHOU Guoyun, WANG Chong, WEN Zesheng, XU Yongqiang, PU Ze
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8033-8044. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.006
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress of polythiophene and its deriva tives in electrochemistry, focusing on their synthesis methods, electrochemical properties, and multifield applications. Polythiophene has been widely used in energy storage, optoelectronic devices, and biosensing due to its excellent electrochemical properties, environmental stability, and versatility. In this paper, the advantages and shortcomings of chemical polymerization and electrochemical polymerization are first analyzed in detail, with a special focus on the research progress of the latest polymerization mechanism zwitterionic polymerization, and its role in improving the material properties. Then, polythiophene's electrical conductivity and carrier mobility are discussed in depth and their performance in specific applications such as supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, and lithium-ion batteries are analyzed. Finally, this paper looks at the potential of polythiophene in achieving efficient energy storage and energy conversion through the analysis of structure modulation and functionalization of polythiophene materials and nanostructure design.
  • Preparation and application of materials with micro-structured surface gradient
    XING Shiyi, LIN Ping, WANG Wenjie, SUN Wei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8045-8052. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.007
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The characteristics of materials with micro-structured surface gradient are continuous or approximately continuous variations of microscopic physical structure along a specific direction on the surface. The fabrication procedure of the micro-structured gradient could be flexibly designed, dictating the structural composition, size range, and magnitude of the change in structural parameters. Different settings of the application could be suited by the dynamic tunning of the micro-structured surface gradient. Materials with micro-structured surface gradient have shown significant application potential in the fields of droplet manipulation, biomedicine, and trace detection. In this review, the common preparation methods of micro-structured gradient materials, including lithography, transfer reprinting, chemical etching, and particle deposition, are summarized. The research progress of the applications of micro-structured gradient materials in the field of droplet manipulation and biomedicine is described. Finally, the present challenges in research on micro-structured gradient materials are summarized, and insights into potential future directions are highlighted.
  • Application of self-assembled polypeptide nanomaterials in biomedical field
    JIANG Zhihui, GAO Min, GAO Peng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8053-8061. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.008
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In recent years, more and more researchers have paid attention to self-assembled polypeptide nanomaterials. These materials provide interesting functional platforms for many applications, such as tumor therapy, tissue engineering, and biomimetic catalysis. The main advantages of designing organic nanomaterials using self-assembled peptides include chemical diversity, biocompatibility, enzyme stability, etc. In this paper, the research progress of polypeptide nanomaterials is reviewed and the mechanism of their formation and their application in the field of biomedicine are emphasized.
  • Progress in the application of biomass char in zinc-air batteries
    LU Yan, SHANG Shoulong, QU Yufan, LU Nan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8062-8069. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.009
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This study focuses on the preparation methods of biomass-derived carbon, particularly the effects of carbonization and activation processes on the material's pore structure, specific surface area, and active sites, which consequently influence its catalytic activity. The impact of varying carbonization temperatures and activation agents on these properties was examined. Furthermore, strategies for compositing biomass-derived carbon with metallic and non-metallic materials were analyzed. These composites demonstrated enhanced overall performance due to the synergistic combination of their individual components. For example, combining biomass-derived carbon with metal oxides improved oxygen reduction reaction activity, while nitrogen doping enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity. While biomass-derived carbon catalysts show promise in zinc-air battery applications, challenges remain. Future research should focus on optimizing the preparation processes of biomass-derived carbon to tailor its pore structure and surface chemistry. A deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism is also needed. Additionally, developing novel and high-performance composite materials is crucial for realizing the commercial application of biomass-derived carbon in zinc-air batteries.
  • Preparation methods and applications of g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts
    LIU Zhiping, YU Yuan, ZHANG Dewen, WU Rongqian, LYU Yi, LIU Xiaofei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8070-8079. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.010
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Semiconductor photocatalysis is a technology that utilizes solar energy to excite catalysts, generating photogenerated carriers with redox capabilities. It has been widely applied across various fields. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a non-polluting semiconductor, has garnered attention in the field of photocatalysis. However, its further development is limited by a high rate of photogenerated carrier recombination and low utilization of visible light. Constructing g-C3N4-based S- scheme heterojunctions is an effective strategy to address the issue of intrinsic charge carrier recombination, enabling effective spatial separation of charge carriers, reducing recombination rates, and enhancing photocatalytic performance. This article first introduces the mechanism of S-scheme heterojunctions, then focuses on the characteristics of preparation methods for g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions and their applications in different areas. Finally, it proposes the prospects and challenges faced by g-C3N4-based S-scheme heterojunctions in the field of photocatalysis.
    • Research & Development
  • Preparation of intrinsic black polyimide and the effect of its structure on the properties
    GUO Hao, YUAN Huibo, DU Qiyuan, GE HUA, ZHANG Jinyuan, TAN Wanyi, MIN Yonggang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8080-8086. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.011
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Black polyimide (BPI) exhibits excellent properties such as good light-blocking, antistatic, conductive, and thermal conductive capabilities, which are widely used in the fields of optics, electronics, aerospace and so on. Up to date, BPIs are obtained by adding black inorganic or organic fillers, such as carbon black, graphite, metal oxides and so on. The incorporation of black fillers will, to some extent, influence the performance of BPI. For instance, the addition of inorganic fillers would result in weakened mechanical performance of BPI, while the addition of organic fillers would lead to poor thermal stability. Hence, herein, intrinsic black polyimide is synthesized via copolymerization with rigid structure diamine and the electron-donating diamine. The introduction of the diamine with large π-conjugated planar structures can indeed enhance the planarity, conjugation, and π-π stacking interaction of BPI, thereby effectively enhancing the color of the polyimide film. However, although enhancing the electron-donating property leads to denser chain packing, the incorporation of the electron-donating diamine causes a blue shift in the transmittance spectrum and an increase in transparency, which might be related to the stacking mode. Increasing the π-conjugated planar structure and enhancing the intermolecular charge transfer complex (CTC) effect is beneficial for obtaining BPI.
  • Preparation of bilayer composite Si-PEDOT-Co3O4 photoanode and its photoelectrocatalytic water splitting properties
    YANG Xiaoyu, HE Xuan, ZHAO Lei, CHEN Hui, FANG Wei, DU Xing, LI Weixin, WANG Daheng
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8087-8095. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.012
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Silicon photoelectrodes suffer from the problems of easy charge complexation and slow reaction kinetics when decomposing water in neutral solution. Based on this, in this paper, a bilayer composite Si-PEDOT-Co3O4 photoanode with a highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) layer and a vertical array layer of Co3O4 nanosheets with high catalytic activity was constructed on the surface of n-Si by a facile two-step electrodeposition method. The matched energy band structures of PEDOT and Si in the photoanode form a built-in electric field at the interface, which promotes the effective extraction of photogenerated holes. On the other hand, the high conductivity of PEDOT is used to rapidly migrate the photogenerate holes to the vertical array layer of Co3O4 nanosheets on the surface, which promotes surface water oxidation through the large number of exposed reactive sites in Co3O4, and makes it photoelectrocatalytic in neutral solution. The oxygen precipitation rate is enhanced to 23.4 μmol/(cm2·h), which is about three times of that of the original n-type silicon electrode, which provides a research basis for the simple preparation and large-scale application of high-efficiency silicon-based photoanodes.
  • A study of the dielectric properties and positron annihilation of polyimide-based composite films
    LI Weibin, ZHANG Yang, WANG Xiaoxue, LI Tao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8096-8101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.013
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Polyimide-based microporous composite films with an ultra-low dielectric constant were prepared by the addition of a small quantity of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) to fluorinated poly(amic-acid) (PAA). The impact of POSS doping on the free volume of the composite film was studied through the use of positron annihilation technology. The incorporation of hollow POSS into FPI can effectively enhance the free volume size and relative volume fraction of the composite film, thereby optimizing its low dielectric properties. However, this process may also result in a reduction in dielectric breakdown strength. The film with 3wt% POSS exhibits an ultra-low dielectric constant (k = 1.77 (104 Hz)). Upon reaching a doping concentration of 5wt%, POSS agglomerates within the composite film, resulting in a rebound of its dielectric constant. The experimental results may prove to be a valuable source of information for future improvements in the dielectric properties of polyimide-based films.
  • Preparation and corrosion resistance of superhydrophobic hydroxyapatite composite coating
    YANG Zhiru, ZHOU Hai, HOU Wentao, YANG Zi, JIN Chao, HE Hao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8102-8111. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.014
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Due to the high reactivity of magnesium, magnesium and its alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion in humid environments. To enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, this paper adopts a simple and economical hydrothermal synthesis and spraying method to fabricate a superhydrophobic HA/PDMS@SiO2 composite coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy, with a water contact angle of 157.6°. The superhydrophobic coating demonstrates excellent hydrophobicity and self-cleaning properties, effectively resisting contamination from various pollutants. Moreover, the coating exhibits good stability, maintaining high hydrophobicity even after undergoing abrasion and durability tests. Electrochemical testing results show that the superhydrophobic sample displays excellent corrosion resistance in a 3.5% NaCl solution. The corrosion current density (icorr) of the superhydrophobic coating is reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the magnesium substrate, while the low-frequency impedance is increased by four orders of magnitude. The corrosion inhibition efficiency reaches 99.53%. Therefore, the prepared superhydrophobic coating offers significant advantages in protecting magnesium alloys in various environments.
  • Preparation and properties of functionalized MOF-808 modified SPEEK matrix proton exchange membrane
    ZHU Ying, ZHOU Qian, MU Yuting, WANG Guiwen, ZHANG Xiaocan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8112-8121. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.015
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    MOF-808-SBDC and MOF-808-His were synthesized by grafting 2-sulfoterephthalic acid monosodium salt and L-histidine onto metal nodes of MOF-808, and then incorporated into SPEEK matrix as fillers to prepare a series of composite membranes S/808-SBDC-X and S/808-His-X (X indicates the content of fillers in the SPEEK matrix). The composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and the oxidation stability and mechanical stability of the composite membrane were tested. The results show that MOF-808-SBDC and MOF-808-His have good compatibility with SPEEK matrix. The addition of filler can effectively improve the oxidation stability and mechanical stability of the composite membrane, and make it have good thermal stability. It was found that the composite membrane S/808-SBDC-1.5 showed the best proton conductivity (166.14 mS/cm) at 70 ℃ and 100%RH, which increased by 64% compared with the original SPEEK.
  • Preparation and controllable latent heat release of composite polyols/hydrogel form-stable spatiotemporal phase change materials
    TU Longlong, TAN Ye, CHEN Yuyang, ZUO Xue, YU Linping, LI Chuanchang, ZENG Julan
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8122-8128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.016
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Form-stable spatiotemporal phase change materials (FSPCMs) based on supercooled PCMs can achieve long-term latent heat storage at room temperature and controllable heat release, and can thus solve the problems of heat loss during the storage of the melted PCMs at high temperature, uncontrollable latent heat release of supercooled PCMs and possible leakage of melted PCMs. Here in, erythritol (ET)-xylitol (XY) binary system was screened and a eutectic PCM, ET-76XY, with good long- term room temperature latent heat storage property was obtained. The ET-76XY was then enclosed in a hydrogel skeleton to obtain FSPCMs with good long-term room temperature latent heat storage performance and controllable latent heat release property. Investigations revealed that the crystallization property of ET endowed ET-76XY with good controllable crystallization performance, while the supercooling stability of XY endowed ET-76XY with good long-term latent heat storage property at room temperature. The inhibition effect of the hydrogel skeleton on the movement freedom of sugar alcohol molecules stably kept the sugar alcohols at supercooled state, and thus further enhanced the room temperature latent heat storage stability of the FSPCMs. The prepared FSPCM80 exhibited a high melting latent heat of 143.5 J/g and could be stored at room temperature for a long time. When the FSPCM80 was mechanical stimulated, the hydrogel skeleton would be distorted and the sugar alcohol molecules would be directional rearranged and crystalized, and thus the stored latent heat, which could attain 84.7 J/g, could be released. In addition, the heat release duration was long while the temperature rising was moderate. Moreover, FSPCM80 also exhibited wonderful photothermal conversion property, making it particularly suitable for outdoor warming and thermal management.
  • Preparation andcharacterizations of piperazine-based low-temperature curable polyimide
    ZHANG Jinyuan, YUAN Huibo, GUO Hao, TAN Wanyi, MIN Yonggang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8129-8137. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.017
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In the field of advanced electronic technology, polyimide (PI) is required to exhibit outstanding heat resistance and dimensional stability under low-temperature curing conditions to satisfy the matching of thermal expansion coefficients among different materials. Herein, a diamine 4-(4-(4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)aniline (PP-bis-NH2) containing a six-membered piperazine ring and flexible ether bonds is synthesized. It is copolymerized with 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), and thermal imidization is conducted at 350 ℃ and 250 ℃, respectively. The influences on the imidization degree and comprehensive performance of PIs are studied. Furthermore, it is found that high dimensional stability is easier to achieve at low curing temperature, due to the temperature dependence of polymer chain movement. The work presented here has validated the effectiveness of the PP-bis-NH2 diamine in facilitating low-temperature imidization, which may provide a new strategy for promoting the application of low-temperature curing polyimide in the microelectronic field.
  • Hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of sulfonated chitosan-modified bacterial cellulose vascular patches mediated by polydopamine
    FU Ling, LI Meng, ZHANG Yichuan, WANG Jie, YANG Zhiwei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8138-8145. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.018
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Currently, bacterial cellulose (BC), which highly mimics the fibrous structure of natural extracellular matrix, exhibits immense potential in the construction of vascular grafts. Excellent hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility are crucial for the application of vascular grafts, and functional modification emerges as a pivotal strategy to improve the hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of vascular grafts. In this research, polydopamine (PDA) with strong adhesion and high reactivity formed by the self-polymerization of dopamine was employed as the mediation layer. Sulfated chitosan (SCS), renowned for its remarkable anticoagulant activity and cytocompatibility, was successfully modified onto the nanofibers of BC vascular patches via Schiff base and Michael-type addition reactions between PDA and SCS, thus obtaining PDA-SCS/BC vascular patches. The results demonstrate that PDA-SCS/BC vascular patches effectively retain the inherent three-dimensional nanofiber network of BC vascular patch. Notably, as compared to BC vascular patch, PDA-SCS/BC vascular patches not only significantly reduce platelet adhesion and enhance anticoagulant activity, but also promote the proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. PDA-mediated SCS modification introduces a simple and effective strategy to improve the hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of BC vascular grafts.
  • Preparation and properties of biphenyl dynamic polyurethane electronic adhesive
    SUN Fei, HE Jiahuan, SHANG Baoya, CHEN Mingqing, SHI Dongjian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8146-8151. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.019
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The diol chain extender DABF with dynamic reversible DA bond was synthesized by a one-step Diels-Alder (DA) reaction using biological furfuryl alcohol (FA) and N,N′-(4,4′-diphenylmethane)bismaleimide (BMI) as raw materials. DABF was first reacted with polycaprolactone diol (PCL) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to obtain the initial prepolymer solution. Then the prepolymer chains were expanded with 4,4′-p-hydroxybiphenyl (DHB), and cross-linked with triethanolamine (TEA). Finally a thermosetting biphenyl dynamic polyurethane (LCDRPU) was prepared. The structure of LCDRPU was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and then the thermodynamic properties, adhesion and thermal conductivity were characterized by universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analyzer, etc. The results show that the properties of LCDRPU can be regulated by changing the molar ratio of reversible unit and biphenyl unit. When the molar ratio of DABF and DHB is 1∶1, LCDRPU-1/1 exhibits the best properties. The toughness is up to 153.39 MJ/m3, the lap shear strength is 2.82 MPa, and the secondary bonding can be achieved. The thermal conductivity is 0.2704 W/mK, which is 90% higher than that of LCDRPU-1/0 without biphenyl structure.
  • Effect of different Ca/Si ratios on the structure and magnetic properties of M-type strontium ferrite
    ZHANG Yunchuan, WANG Qin, MA Yilong, LUO Xianfu, LUO Lin, SUN Jianchun, ZHANG Changjian
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8152-8158. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.020
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    M-type strontium ferrites were prepared using the solid-state reaction method combined with high-energy ball milling. The effects of the additives CaCO3/SiO2 on the structure, morphology, and properties of the magnets were studied in detail. The results show that using 4 mm diameter steel balls for milling can produce uniformly sized and well-distributed powder particles. With a fixed total amount of 1wt% for both CaCO3 and SiO2, when the CaCO3/SiO2 ratio increased to 2, the magnetic material exhibited a higher magnetic energy product, achieving optimal overall magnetic performance: Br=415.2 mT, Hcj=339.6 kA/m, and (BH)max=32.7 kJ/m3. The grain size of the magnetic material continuously increased, and at higher ratios, there was an accumulation of Ca and Si elements. Experimental results indicate that selecting an appropriate steel ball diameter and the CaCO3/SiO2 additive ratio can promote the densification of strontium ferrite magnets, thereby improving their magnetic properties.
  • Tunning the Optical Properties of Monolayer tungsten disulfide via vacancy defects: a computational study
    YIN Kaihui, ZHU Hongqing, WU Zebang, LUO Lei, TAN Yi, GU Yonghong, YUE Yuanxia, YANG Ying, FENG Qing, JIA Weiyao
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8159-8163. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.021
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This study investigates the impact of vacancy defects on the optical properties of monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) through first-principles simulations employing the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method within density-functional theory. We calculate the work function, electron density, band structure, density of states, and optical properties for monolayer WS2 with a single sulfur atom vacancy (Vs), two sulfur atom vacancies (Vs2),and a single tungsten atom vacancy (Vw). Our findings reveal that the introduction of these defects decreases both the work function and band gap of monolayer WS2, resulting in a redistribution of surface charges and a diminished capacity for electron binding. Furthermore, the band gap transitions from direct to indirect for all types of defects. In the visible light spectrum, these defects improve the optical properties of monolayer WS2 to varying extents, with Vs2 having the most pronounced effect. Specifically, compared to pristine monolayer WS2, the peak values of the imaginary part of the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, and reflectivity for Vs2 increase by 1.82, 1.47, and 1.48 times, respectively. This study demonstrates that the introduction of defects can enhance the optical performance of monolayer WS2 in the visible light range, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for its application in sensing technologies.
    • Process & Technology
  • Preparation and ORR performance of nitrogen doped carbon supported hollow cubic iron catalyst
    HUANG Meijia, WU Haiyi, HU Maocong, YAO Zhenhua
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8164-8170. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.022
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    As the prospective catalyst for oxygen reduction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), Fe/N-C catalyst has been widely studied because of its high ORR activity and low cost. In this paper, Fe/N-C catalyst was synthesized by using gelatin which is a biomass material as precursor. Using in-situ doping method, gelatin was mixed with Fe(NO3)3·9H2O and heated, freeze drying to remove water and pyrolysising at three different temperatures to obtain the catalyst. TEM indicated that the catalyst showed a typical hollow stereo-structure. Among them, the catalyst pyrolysis at 900 ℃ achieved a current density of -3.87 mA/cm2 and a reaction path of 4 electrons, which showed more significant stability and better ORR activity than the catalysts pyrolysis at the other two temperatures, and had better methanol resistance and stability. This study provides a new idea for preparing Fe/N-C catalyst.
  • In-situ growth of AlN-graphite tube composites and its application as thermal conductive fillers
    DENG Yuqiang, ZOU huijuan, ZHANG Weibin, WU qihuang, LIU jiecong, CHENG Yanling, ZUO fei, NIE guanglin, LIN Huatai
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8171-8178. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.023
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Polymer-based thermal conductive materials have low thermal conductivity and composite fillers with multi-dimensional structures can form effective thermal conduction pathways within the polymer. This article effectively utilizes the residual carbon from the synthesis process of aluminum nitride (AlN). By the effect of the catalyst, a one-step synthesis process was used to obtain a multidimensional structure of AlN-graphite tube composite material in situ. AlN graphite tube/paraffin composite phase change material was prepared by vacuum impregnating paraffin. The results showed that with the increase in calcination temperature, the crystallinity of the product and the degree of graphitization of carbon increased significantly. Well-crystallized AlN and highly ordered graphite tube composite were obtained in-situ at temperatures higher than 1 000 ℃, with a BET-specific surface area of 161.17 cm2/g and mesoporous pores. As the content of filler increased, the thermal conductivity of the AlN-graphite tube/paraffin composite phase change material increased, and the heat transfer efficiency also improved. The rich pores played a significant role in anti-leakage. The thermal conductivity was 0.745 W/(m·K) when the filling amount reached 60wt%, which was twice as high as that of pure paraffin and had good shape stability. The AlN graphite tube multidimensional composite material synthesized in this article could enhance the thermal conductivity and shape stability of composite phase change materials and had potential application prospects in thermal management.
  • Preparation and performance of SiO2/PTFE flat-sheet composite membrane for membrane distillation
    WANG Ping, CHEN Ziwei, HE Jiacheng, CHEN Yin
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8179-8185. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.024
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A SiO2/PTFE flat-sheet composite membrane was fabricated by depositing SiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) flat-sheet microporous membrane. The effects of nanoparticle colloidal suspension concentration and particle size were investigated. Distillation performance was experimentally investigated with pristine and deposited membranes. The results demonstrated that under the influence of pressure gradient through the membrane, SiO2 nanoparticles were embed and adhere to the membrane surface. When the water vapor pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane was 17 kPa, the direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) performance of deposited membrane was enhanced by up to 31.58% compared to the pristine one. Long-term water flux experiments (up to 10 hours) showed that the deposited membrane exhibited excellent stability. Furthermore, it was found that the SiO2/PTFE flat-sheet composite membrane maintained its high vapor flux characteristics during desalination using a 3.5wt% NaCl solution as a simulated seawater feed.
  • Preparation and properties ofpolyacrylonitrile fiber-SiO2 aerogel composites
    JIN Yanping, QIAO Hongxia, MA Yongjiong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8186-8192. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.025
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Polyacrylonitrile fiber-SiO2 aerogel composites were prepared by in-situ polymerization combined with supercritical drying method. The effects of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber doping amount on the microstructure, phase structure, spectral properties and thermal insulation properties of SiO2 aerogel composites were studied. The results showed that the aerogel composite was amorphous, with sponge like porous network, and polyacrylonitrile fiber was tightly wrapped by SiO2 aerogel. When pyrolysis test was carried out at 800 ℃, the Si-O-Si characteristic peak still existed in the composite, and the framework structure of aerogel kept good, which had excellent pyrolysis resistance. With the increase of fiber doping, the specific surface area, pore volume, compressive strength, and maximum deformation of the composite material first increased and then decreased, while the pore size and thermal conductivity first decreased and then increased. The specific surface area, pore volume, compressive strength and maximum deformation of PAN-5% sample reached their maximum values, which were 30.85 m2/g, 0.1132 cm3/g, 1.051 MPa and 5.05 mm, respectively. The aperture and thermal conductivity reached their lowest values, which were 14.05 nm and 0.0196 W/(m·K), respectively. It can be seen that the PAN-5% sample has excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties.
  • Preparation and durability study of graphene reinforced Al matrix composites for sports equipment
    XU Jike, LI Xiang
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8193-8198. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.026
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Graphene reinforced Al matrix composites were prepared using vacuum hot pressing technology with graphene of different mass fractions (0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%) as the reinforcing phase. The phase structure, microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of Al-20Si-0.3Mg, Al-20Si-0.3Mg-0.3GNPs, Al-20Si-0.3Mg-0.6GNPs and Al-20Si-0.3Mg-0.9GNPs samples were thoroughly studied. The results showed that the doping of graphene didn't generate new products in the Al matrix composites, and the crystal structure didn't change. The appropriate doping of graphene refined the size of primary silicon, reduced the number of needle shaped eutectic silicon, and made the overall distribution more uniform. The moderate doping of graphene significantly improved the mechanical and wear resistance of the composites. With the increase of graphene doping, the Vickers hardness, tensile strength, fracture elongation and elastic modulus of the composites first increased and then decreased, and the friction coefficient first decreased and then increased. When the doping amount of graphene was 0.6wt%, the Vickers hardness, tensile strength, fracture elongation and elastic modulus of the Al-20Si-0.3Mg-0.6GNPs sample reached their maximum values, and the friction coefficient reached its minimum value, which were 126.4 HV, 262.4 MPa, 6.25%, 135.8 GPa and 0.09, respectively. It had excellent mechanical properties and wear resistance. According to comprehensive analysis, the optimal doping amount of graphene was 0.6wt%.
  • Rheological properties of warm mix high viscosity asphalt mastic
    MA Feng, MA Xingyuan, Li Chuan, DONG Wenhao, FU Zhen, YANG Yufeng, HOU Yingjie, HUANG Ruizhe
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8199-8204. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.027
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    To investigate the effect of surfactant based warm mix agents on the rheological properties of high viscosity asphalt mastic, a surfactant based warm mix agent LKW was selected to prepare warm mixed high viscosity asphalt mastic. The rheological properties were evaluated using temperature scanning tests, frequency scanning tests, multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests, and low temperature shear relaxation tests. The test results show that as the LKW content increases, the rutting factor of the warm mixed high viscosity asphalt mastic first increases and then decreases. At the 0.3% content, it is already lower than the original sample level, indicating that excessive LKW has an adverse effect on its high temperature performance. The MSCR test further indicates that the main reason for the decrease in high temperature performance of the high viscosity asphalt mastic is that LKW reduces the mastic's ability to resist deformation and recover deformation under high temperature conditions. LKW reduces the residual stress percentage of the high viscosity asphalt mastic, improving its low temperature relaxation performance, thereby enhancing its low temperature crack resistance.
  • Preparation of graphene-copper matrix composites by extrusion method and study on their physicochemical and electrical properties
    YU Xianwang, JIANG Xiongying, HUANG Guanglin, CHEN Huaqiang, WANG Jiying, XU Zhoufeng, TAO Yingqi, YUAN Yang, PAN Junyi
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8205-8211. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.028
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this study, graphene-coated copper powder prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was used as the raw material, and graphene-copper matrix composites were fabricated via a cold isostatic pressing-sintering-extrusion process. The results show that after extrusion, the microstructure exhibits a fibrous oriented arrangement, with grains elongated along the axial direction and reduced radial grain size. The properties of the composite material are significantly improved compared to those before extrusion. The density and electrical conductivity reach 8.90 g/cm3 and 58 MS/m, respectively, comparable to pure copper. The hardness and tensile strength reach 82.7 HB and 372 MPa. The fracture mode transitions from particle interface fracture to a mixed mode of interface fracture and dimple fracture. The friction coefficient decreases from 0.45 for pure copper to 0.43, and the wear amount is only 72% of that of pure copper. When used as contact materials in high-voltage direct-current contactors, the electrical life of the graphene-copper composite contacts exceeds 24 780 times under full-capacity breaking conditions (400 V, 200 A), nearly doubling that of pure copper contacts. This improvement is attributed to the inhibition of material sputtering under arc discharge due to the addition of graphene. This study demonstrates that graphene-copper matrix composites can significantly enhance the performance of high-voltage direct-current contactors, providing a key basis for their engineering applications.
  • Study on rheological and mechanical properties of waterborne epoxy resin modified cement grout
    ZHANG Jiafan, YU Zeyang, QIN Xiangrui, ZHANG Huimei
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8212-8218. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.029
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    To perfect the flaws of traditional cement-based grouting materials, such as low strength, poor stability, and high energy consumption, waterborne epoxy resin(WER) modified cement-based grouting material was prepared. The influence of water-cement ratio and WER content on the rheological and physico-mechanical properties of cement grout were investigated through indoor tests to determine the optimal content of WER. The results of the study showed that the reduction effect of WER on grout bleeding rate was more significant at a high water-cement ratio and high content. The fluidity of modified grout first increased and then decreased with the increase of WER content, reaching a maximum of 352 mm. Its rheological profile conformed to the modified Bingham model. The uniaxial compressive strength of the grout-solidified stone body tended first to increase and then decrease. The uniaxial compressive strength was maximum at water-cement ratios of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 and WER content of 5%, which were 23.9 MPa, 18.9 MPa and 15.1 MPa, respectively, representing an increase of 79.6%, 104.6% and 148.1% over the control group. WER was beneficial in improving the stiffness and toughness of cement-based materials. This grouting material shows excellent rheological and physical-mechanical properties when WER content is within 5%, and has a broad application prospect.
  • Study on mechanical and carbonization properties of perphosphorus gypsum solid waste concrete
    GAO Dandan, MENG Ruijun, QIN Chunli, LIU Xuerui, ZHANG Hong
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8219-8227. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.030
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A series of perphosphorus gypsum solid waste concrete were prepared by adjusting the proportion of perphosphorus gypsum (PPG), and using PPG, slag, fly ash and cement clinker as cementitious materials. The influence of the doping amount of perphosphorus gypsum on the mechanical properties, phase structure, hydration reaction rate and carbonation resistance of solid waste concrete was studied. The results showed that the phosphorus leaching amount of perphosphorus gypsum solid waste concrete meets the national discharge standards for water pollution. With the increase of the proportion of perphosphorus gypsum, the hydration process of concrete in the early stage became milder, reducing the self shrinkage caused by rapid hydration reaction, accelerating the secondary hydration process, and increasing the accumulated heat release. The self shrinkage rate of the PPG-46% sample reached its minimum value of 1856 μ m/m at 168 h, and the relative humidity reached its maximum value of 87.8% at 7 d. With the increase of the proportion of perphosphorus gypsum doping, the compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete first increased and then slightly decreased at a curing age of 28 d. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the PPG-46% sample reached their maximum values, which were 66.62 and 6.08 MPa, respectively. When carbonized for 35 d, the carbonization area of the PPG-46% sample exceeded 50%, and the lowest carbonization depth was 9.8 mm, indicating the best carbonization resistance.
  • Preparation and performance study of capric acid-docosane composite phase change fluid applied in solar PV/T system
    CHEN Hongbing, LI Qinghao, WANG Congcong, YU Fengjiao, GAO Xuening, HU Huizhen, ZHANG Yibing
    Journal of Functional Materials. 2025, 56(8): 8228-8236. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-9731.2025.08.031
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In view of the problems of narrow phase change interval and low thermal conductivity of phase change fluids used in solar PV/T systems, in this work, a series of binary composite phase change fluids are prepared by using capric acid (CA) and docosane (DE), and their thermophysical properties, stability, fluidity and microscopic morphology are analyzed to explore the best preparation protocol. The results show that the optimal mass ratio of CA to DE is 5∶5, the fluid phase change temperature interval is 21.2-42.7 ℃, and the latent heat is 34.75 J/g. Using Tween 80 and Span 80/ethylene glycol as the compound emulsifier and co-emulsifier, with an HLB value of 12 and adding 8% by mass of the compound emulsifier can effectively solve the instability problem of binary composite phase change fluids. When the mass fraction of CA-DE is 20%, the stability, fluidity and thermophysical properties of the composite phase change fluid are comprehensively optimized. This study helps to promote the application of phase change fluids in the field of solar PV/T systems and provides an experimental basis for the research and development of composite phase change fluids with wide phase change intervals and high thermal conductivity.
Author Center
Review Center
Journal Online
Copyright © Journal of Functional Materials
Tel: 023－68264739　 　
E-mail: gnclbjb@126.com　
Total visitors:
Visitors of today:
Now online:
渝公网安备50010902000552号　渝ICP备2022001025号-1