Using solid waste concrete with primary strength of C30 as recycled coarse aggregate, 50% iron tail sand was used to replace natural river sand, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selected as nano-reinforced materials to prepare carbon nanotube modified iron tail sand reclaimed aggregate concrete. Through mechanical properties, water absorption, SEM (electron scanning microscope) and other characterization tests, the effects of carbon nanotube content and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate on concrete properties were investigated. The test results show that CNTs were incorporated directly into the concrete mixing process,resulting in concrete with compressive,flexural,and splitting tensile strengths that exhibited a parabolic trend,initially increasing and then decreasing as they cure over time. When the amount of CNTs added 01%,the flexural strength and compressive strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reach the relatively highest values. The splitting tensile strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reache the highest value when 0.15% of CNTs added. The SEM test showed that appropriate CNTs could change the micro-interface structure of concrete, accelerate the early hydration process, and reduce the slump degree of concrete mixture. CNTs, as the nucleation site of cement hydration reaction, increased the reaction rate of cement in the hydration process. Combined with mesh filling and bridging, the toughness of the concrete was significantly improved, while the pore distribution optimized to form a higher density matrix.When using carbon nanotubes to enhance recycled coarse aggregates,the content of carbon nanotubes should not exceed 0.20% (mass fraction). Excessive CNTs content would cause the matrix to reunite, forming loose weak areas, which in the deterioration of the performance of the concrete.The prediction formula of compressive strength of solid waste concrete was established, and the feasibility of the formula was verified, which provided different methods for the numerical simulation of carbon nanotube modified solid waste concrete.

Ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials, with ultra-high ionic Seebeck coefficients, have captured considerable attention in recent years. Diverging from conventional electronic thermoelectric materials, iTE materials leverage ions as charge carriers, with ion-conducting gels emerging as promising contenders due to their exceptional iTE properties and flexible stretchability. This paper reviews the current state of research on gel-based iTE materials. The factors affecting the thermoelectric properties of gel-based iTE materials have been analysed in depth by examining the two main working mechanisms of iTE, i.e. thermodiffusion effect and thermogalvanic effect. We elucidate strategies for enhancing the performance of gel-based iTE materials. The applications of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials are meticulously outlined, alongside a discussion on the challenges hindering the further advancement of these materials. By spotlighting the latest innovations in the realm of ionic thermoelectric materials, we aspire for this review to serve as a pivotal reference for the future progression of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials.

Because of its excellent biochemical and mechanical properties, hydrogels are widely used in the fields of drought resistance, fresh-keeping, moisture regulation, etc., and also have outstanding advantages in the field of wound dressings. Because of its good hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and three-dimensional porous structure similar to extracellular matrix, the research of hydrogel dressings has attracted much attention, and has gradually become functional and even intelligent. However, there is still lack of systematic elaboration on functional hydrogel dressings. This paper introduces different types of functional hydrogel dressings, puts forward the challenges faced by hydrogel dressings in the process of research and application, and looks forward to the development prospects of functional hydrogel dressings in the future.

In recent years, high entropy oxides, which are composed of five or more metallic elements in equimolar or near-equimolar highly dispersed and disordered structures, have received extensive attention. The high entropy oxides including rock salt, spinel, perovskite and fluorite, have good application prospects in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, absorption and heat insulation. In this paper, the recent advances in the preparation method of high entropy oxides including solid phase reaction, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, solution combustion synthesis and laser method are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in detail. On this basis, various modification strategies of high entropy oxides are summarized. The problems in the synthesis of high entropy oxides are presented, and the future development trend of high entropy oxides is prospected.

As an emerging surface coating modification technology, laser cladding plays a vital role in the preparation of surface strengthening coatings and material modification. Cladding powder material is one of the key factors determining the performance of cladding layer, and has become the focus of laser cladding technology research. This paper first introduces the core principle of laser cladding technology, then elaborates the characteristics and research progress of cladding materials such as metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder, and finally looks forward to the future development direction of laser cladding powder materials.

Heavy metal contamination of environmental waters poses a serious threat to the ecological balance and human health. Therefore, the development of composite materials with highly efficient heavy metals adsorption capabilities is of crucial significance. In this study, the iron-manganese oxides modified biochar (FM-BCs) composite materials were prepared by the use of bone powder and Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ in different molar ratios (4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶4) as raw materials. The results show that iron-manganese modification alters the material's pore ∶structure and introduces Fe-O and Mn-O characteristic functional groups on the surface of the biochar. The molar ratio of KMnO₄ to Fe(NO₃)₃ in the composition of the prepared raw materials significantly influences the adsorption capacity of the FM-BCs composite material for heavy metal ions. In particular, the composite material prepared under the condition that the molar ratio of Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ is 1∶4 (F₁M₄-BC )has the best adsorption capacity for heavy metals. Through the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms, it was found that FM-BCs predominantly undergo single layer adsorption and chemical adsorption processes for Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions in aqueous solutions. Specifically, the Langmuir model fitting for F₁M₄-BC demonstrated maximum adsorption capacities of 192.73 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 427.00 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ). This research results provide a fundamental scientific basis and technical support for the development of efficient remedial materials for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Permanent magnetic materials play an important role in modern industry and technology. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in predicting and optimizing the preparation and application of permanent magnetic materials using machine learning methods. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of machine learning in research on permanent magnetic materials, introduces the learning process of machine learning and commonly used machine learning algorithms, and summarizes the research progress of machine learning technology in microstructure optimization and characterization analysis, magnetic properties prediction and component optimization, exploring new materials.This paper raises the issues faced by machine learning in the field of permanent magnet materials, including high data dimension, limited sample size, large noise interference, and more missing values. In future research, new algorithms and optimization strategies should be deeply studied and explored, the scale of the dataset should be expanded, and intelligent experimental techniques should be combined to accelerate the research and development and improvement of permanent magnet materials.

Cu alloys have been widely used in construction, marine and power engineering fields due to their excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. However, the corrosion resistance requirements of Cu alloys in some high-tech fields are constantly improving, with the complexity of application scenarios and the diversification of influencing factors. Therefore, this paper analyzed the research status of corrosion resistance of Cu alloys at home and abroad; summarized the main methods for improving the corrosion resistance of Cu alloys, such as surface treatment, heat treatment and multi-element alloying; investigated the effects of these methods on the grain size, corrosion products, phase transformation, and crystal defects of Cu alloys, as well as the mechanisms of improving corrosion resistance; envisioned the future direction of corrosion resistance research on Cu alloys.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials show great potential in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique pore structure and easily regulatable chemical properties. As a photocatalytic material, zeolite imidazole skeleton material (ZIF-8) faces the serious problem of light absorption. In view of the difficulties existing in the application of ZIF-8 at the present stage, the functional modification method is used to improve the band gap of ZIF-8, so as to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8. ZIF-8 modified with 2,2′-bipyridine (2-BP) exhibits the strongest photocatalytic activity, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency is about 910.14 μmol/g/h, which is 7.3 times than that of unmodified ZIF-8.

As a natural high molecular polysaccharide, chitosan exhibits excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and various physiological functions such as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it an ideal carrier for drug transmembrane delivery. Smart-responsive nanogels have attracted extensive attention in drug delivery due to their remarkable environmentally responsive controlled-release properties, dimensional stability, and high drug-loading capacity. This article introduces the preparation methods and controlled-release mechanisms of smart-responsive chitosan-based nanogels, comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in smart-responsive chitosan-based nanogels, and reviews their current applications in fields such as medicine, agriculture, and food. Additionally, it addresses the limitations of smart-responsive chitosan-based nanogels in drug delivery systems (such as poor controllability, insufficient responsiveness, and unavoidable sustained release) and provides an outlook on their future development directions.

Ti-Mn based AB₂ Laves phase alloy has the advantages of acceptable hydrogen storage capacity (about 2wt%) at room temperature, good hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics, good cycling performance, easy activation and low cost. The results show that TiMn₂ has the best hydrogen storage performance for homogeneous single phase. However, there are also some problems, such as weak cycle stability, large slope of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation platform, and serious hysteresis of hydrogen absorption and desorption. From many research and practical application requirements, element substitution is still the main method to improve the hydrogen storage properties of alloys. Among them, the addition of V can increase the position of hydrogen gap and effectively reduce the platform pressure without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, based on the phase structure of Ti-V-Mn-based hydrogen storage alloy, this paper describes the changes of C14 Laves phase and body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and the correlation between them, and systematically summarizes the effects of element addition or substitution, preparation process and heat treatment process on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti-V-Mn based alloy.

Mesoporous micron-SiO₂ have a wide range of applications in industrial fields such as adsorption, electronics and cosmetics due to their good monodisperse, large specific surface areas and light diffuse reflection, while the preparation of SiO₂ microspheres larger than 20 μm remains great challenges. Monodispersed SiO₂ microspheres with an average size of 41.8 μm were successfully prepared by Pickering emulsion method with SiO₂ as emulsifier synthesized by optimizing the water-ethanol ratio of Stöber method followed by hydrophobic modification. SEM images showed that micron-SiO₂ have cracks on the surface and are filled with a large number of porous nano-SiO₂ spheres inside. Nitrogen absorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated their mesoporous structures and the surface area of broken microspheres increased to 369.47 m²/g after calcination at 550 ℃. Mesoporous SiO₂ exhibited selective adsorption of different types of dyes before and after calcination. Compared with Ni/Fe metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), mesoporous SiO₂ (after calcination) composite with Ni/Fe-MOFs as modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of dopamine displayed good anti-interference ability and electrochemical properties with the oxidation peak current increased by 561.3%, the sensitivity increased by 51.0%, and the detection limit of 0.08 μmol/L increased remarkably by 1172.9%.

Aluminum-tungsten composites, as high-performance lightweight structural materials with good overall mechanics and excellent gamma-ray shielding properties, have received wide attention and applications in the nuclear industry, aerospace field, etc. This paper describes the preparation pathway of high-performance aluminum-tungsten composites, interfacial reaction, mechanical properties of influencing factors, shielding properties as well as aluminum-tungsten composites in the aerospace, electronic communications, nuclear field, etc., analyzes the shortcomings of aluminum-tungsten composites, and provides references for the preparation of high-performance aluminum-tungsten products.

With the widespread use of integrated and miniaturized high-performance equipment, the strong vibration and noise produced by these equipment in the process of operation have brought a series of environmental and health problems to human beings. It is an effective way to solve the problem of vibration and noise by using damping materials to transform part of the kinetic energy generated by vibration into heat energy or other forms of energy dissipation. Silicone rubber material has excellent viscoelasticity, and its main chain Si-O bond energy is large. These characteristics give it stable and reliable mechanical properties in a wide temperature range (-50-200 ℃). Hence Silicone rubber material often used as vibration and noise reduction materials in aerospace, medical equipment, automotive light industry, electronics and electrical appliances and other fields. However, the high damping temperature domain of silicone rubber is usually around its glass transition temperature (T_g, -120--70 ℃). The damping performance is relatively poor at room temperature and high temperature, and the effective damping temperature domain is narrow, which is difficult to apply to the actual work requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to modify silicone rubber to enhance and improve its damping performance and broaden its effective damping temperature domain.

With the development of technology, the application of a large number of electronic devices has led to a sudden increase in electromagnetic radiation risks, posing a threat to information security, military security, and ecological security. Building absorbing materials can effectively reduce electromagnetic radiation hazards and are of great significance for the sustainable development of ecological civilization. This article takes cement-based absorbing materials as an example to summarize the current development status and research shortcomings of cement-based absorbing materials from the perspectives of the loss mechanism of electromagnetic waves by absorbing agents (resistance type, dielectric type, magnetic loss type) and the structure of cement matrix (layered, periodic, porous). It also looks forward to the future development direction of such materials, providing reference for the development of ideal absorbers.

This review provided a concise overview of the state of copper-titanium alloys, with a focus on the preparation techniques based on vacuum melting and powder metallurgy. The phase transformation process and strengthening mechanisms during solution aging of copper-titanium alloys were discussed in detail. The principles of strengthening through rolling processes were also introduced. The relationship between aging processes, deformation strengthening techniques, and their impact on performance was summarized. Additionally, the influence of third elements on the properties of copper-titanium alloys was described, including the mechanisms by which certain elements affected performance. The paper concluded with an introduction to the latest advancements in optimizing the properties of copper-titanium alloys.

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is formed by condensation of n-butyral and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is an important polymer material in industry. It has the characteristics of water resistance, heat resistance, good film formation and high transparency, and can be widely used in many fields such as automotive glass interlayer, adhesive, photovoltaic cell film, protective film and so on. With the continuous improvement of production and living needs, people's research on the modification of functional PVB resin has never stopped. This paper summarizes the research on the functional modification of PVB resin from six different application aspects, including anti-ultraviolet, thermal conductivity, waterproof and oil resistance, anti-fouling and antibacterial, anti-corrosion and self-healing. The latest research progress of functionally-modified PVB resin in recent years is reviewed. Finally, the existing problems in this field are pointed out, and the future research direction of this material is prospected, which should continue to develop in the direction of economy, multi-function and environmental protection.

The effect of reverse average current density on the structure and properties of bidirectional pulse electrodeposited nickel coating was studied, and the process parameters were optimized to improve the performance of the coating. The coating was prepared by bidirectional pulse electroplating process. The JSM-7500F scanning electron microscope, XRD-6100 X-ray diffractometer, ML-100 abrasive wear tester and CHI660E electrochemical workstation were used to study the effect of reverse average current density on the surface morphology, phase structure, plating speed and hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of nickel coating. In the appropriate range, with the increase of the reverse average current density, the cleanliness of the micro surface of the nickel plating layer increases first and then decreases, and the deposition rate of the nickel plating layer shows a decreasing trend. The surface hardness of the nickel coating increases first and then decreases, and the wear weight loss ratio of the nickel coating decreases first and then increases. With the increase of reverse average current density, the preferred growth orientation of nickel crystal is optimized, and the grain refinement of nickel plating layer is promoted. When the reverse average current density is -1.4 A/dm², the microhardness reaches a maximum of 525.8 Hv_0.1, and the wear weight loss ratio is a minimum of 9.208%. When the reverse average current density is -1.4 A/dm², the self-corrosion current density of the coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is reduced by an order of magnitude (5.732×10^-6 A/cm²), with the highest self-corrosion potential (-0.173 V), and the largest charge transfer resistance, showing the best corrosion resistance. When the double pulse electrodeposition technology is used to prepare the coating layer on the surface of the metal matrix material, the surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance can be effectively improved by properly increasing the reverse average current density.

Hydrogen energy has become a strategic energy source for the primary development of major countries in the world, and the main methods of hydrogen production are hydrogen production from fossil energy, hydrogen production from industrial by-products and hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, among which hydrogen production from water electrolysis by proton exchange membrane (PEM) has a sizable future prospect for the development of hydrogen energy due to the advantages of zero-carbon emission and high purity of hydrogen production. Acidic oxygen precipitation reaction (OER) as the anode reaction of PEM, is one of the main reasons limiting the development of PEM due to its complex four-electron transfer process. To date, various electrocatalysts for acidic OER have been extensively studied, but iridium-based materials are still the most advanced acidic OER electrocatalysts due to their superior oxygen precipitation catalytic performance and effective improvement of water electrolysis efficiency. Therefore, the development of high-performance and low-cost iridium-based catalysts has become an important technology to promote the development of PEM. This paper reviews the classical adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and summarizes the development and optimization strategies of different iridium-based catalysts. Finally, an outlook on the future development direction of iridium-based catalysts in acidic OER is provided.

With the high-density integration and lightweight of electronic components, polyimide-based graphite film has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent thermal conductivity. In this study, 4,4,-diaminodiphenyl ether and trimthalic acid dianhydride were used as monomers for copolymerization, and calcium phosphate was used as a chemical imidification reagent. The effect of chemical imitization reagent addition on the properties of polyimide (PI) film was studied. The results show that the microscopic morphology of the PI film prepared by chemical imidization method is smoother, denser and orderly, with higher graphitization degree, larger grain size and smaller lattice defects. When the calcium phosphate addition is 0.1%, the tensile strength of PI film reaches 98.42 MPa and the thermal conductivity of graphite film can reach 1 623.9 W·m^-1·K^-1. In the process of simulating heat dissipation testing, the surface temperature of graphite film can be rapidly cooled from 60 ℃ to 24 ℃ in just 60 seconds, which has great potential for application in modern integrated advanced electronic components and high-end electronic products and other thermal management fields.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) has been regarded as an emerging artificial nitrogen fixation process, due to the mild reaction conditions and strong adaptability to renewable energy. However, the applied potential of the ENRR is close to that of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in a decrease in the selectivity of the nitrogen reduction reaction. In this paper, the hydrophobic modification of the nanoporous FeNbMoP electrocatalyst was carried out by coating n-octadecyl mercaptan, which inhibits the HER, increases the contact between nitrogen molecules and the active site on the catalyst, thereby the ammonia yield and Faraday efficiency is improved. The ammonia yield of the modified ENRR catalyst is 15.45 μg/(h·cm²) with the Faraday efficiency of 6.28%, which shows a significant improvement in performance compared with the unmodified FeNbMoP catalyst. This method may provide a new insight for the rational design of nitrogen reduction catalysts.

The density of the indium tin oxide (ITO) target depends on the sintering activity of the indium tin hydroxide powder, which is influenced by its structure and composition. However, the influence of the calcination temperature on the structure and properties of the ITO target is still unknown. In this work, the role of temperature on the structure of indium tin hydroxide powder and the sinter densification of ITO powder during the calcination of indium tin hydroxide powder was exposed. The XRD analysis showed that as the calcination temperature and/or time increased, the crystal size of the ITO powder increased. The ITO precursor powder calcined at 750 ℃ for 2 hours had a large specific surface area and high surface metal content, resulting in the prepared ITO target having a relatively high specific gravity, lower resistivity and a compact cross-sectional structure with few internal parts pores. The relationship between the calcination temperature of the precursor powder and the structural properties of the ITO target illustrated that the calcination temperature directly affected the cubic crystal formation of indium tin hydroxide powder. The structure of the produced ITO powder (specific surface area, composition of surface elements, particle size, etc.) was then changed. Finally, this result influence the density of the formed embryo and determineld the sintering density and electrical conductivity of the ITO target.

Four different lengths (3, 6, 9, and 12 mm) of chopped basalt fibers were added to concrete, and the doping amount of the fibers was fixed. The influence of the length of chopped basalt fibers on the mechanical properties, microstructure, pore structure, and frost resistance of concrete was studied. The results indicated that chopped fibers had a relatively small inhibitory effect on the fluidity of concrete, and fibers with a length exceeding 6 mm were prone to aggregate and form fiber bundles in concrete, thereby reducing the fluidity of concrete and weakening the toughening effect of fibers on concrete. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete specimens doped with 6 mm fibers reached their maximum values, 46.8 and 8.8 MPa, respectively, exhibiting greater ductility and toughness. When the number of rapid freeze-thaw cycles reached 100, the quality loss rate of concrete doped with 6 mm fibers was the lowest, only 0.29%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus was as high as 86.94%. Through CT scanning analysis, it was found that the minimum porosity of concrete doped with 6 mm fibers was only 0.62%, and the minimum average pore volume was 0.332 mm³. Overall, it can be concluded that basalt fibers with a length of 6 mm have the greatest effect on improving the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete.

Metallic magnetic materials are extensively utilized in aerospace, the automotive industry, and electronic information technologies. With advancements in science and technology, the demand for enhanced mechanical properties in these materials has intensified. Magnetic metals exhibiting superior mechanical characteristics can significantly improve material reliability, reduce processing costs, and enhance economic benefits. Traditionally, metallic magnetic materials have been comprised of intermetallic or amorphous compounds, which often struggle to achieve a simultaneous balance between strength and plasticity. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer remarkable mechanical properties, with their solid solution nature providing greater flexibility in compositional selection and multiple strengthening mechanisms to optimize these properties. By employing the design principles of high-entropy alloys, one can select a high concentration of magnetic elements such as Fe, Co, and Ni as the foundational components, thereby enhancing the magnetic moment. The mechanical and magnetic properties of these alloys can be fine-tuned through microstructural adjustments, facilitating the development of novel magnetic alloys with desirable attributes. This review begins with a brief overview of several commonly employed strategies to enhance the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloys. It subsequently discusses the research advancements concerning the magnetic functionalities of these alloys. Various approaches to design high-entropy soft magnetic alloys with commendable mechanical properties are also presented. Furthermore, the progress of FeCoNi-based magnetic high-entropy alloys as permanent magnets, magnetocaloric materials, and high-frequency magnetic materials is examined. The review concludes by addressing the existing challenges in the current research landscape of soft magnetic high-entropy alloys and projecting future development trends in this field.

Liquid-like functionalized coatings are highly flexible dynamic polymer molecular brushes covalently grafted on a solid substrate. Due to its extremely low glass transition temperature, usually below -100 ℃, it can rotate and move freely in air, exhibiting highly dynamic properties of fluids, showing low adhesion and easy sliding properties to various surface tension liquids, and exhibiting extremely low contact angle hysteresis. We introduced the preparation method of liquid-like dynamic molecular chains, the antifouling mechanism of liquid-like functionalized coatings and their antifouling applications in different fields, as well as their future prospects.

The plastic deformation of NiTi-based alloys primarily involves the competition between stress-induced martensitic transformation and dislocation plasticity. To widen the superelastic temperature range and reduce residual strain, it is often imperative to increase the critical stress for dislocation slip to surpass the critical stress for transformation. Grain refinement is a conventional method to inhibit dislocation slip. However, it also constrains transformation, leading to a simultaneous increase in both critical stresses. Currently, the relative sensitivity of grain size dependence on the critical stresses of transformation and dislocation slip remains unclear. In this paper, Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ (at%) alloy wires with different grain sizes were fabricated by melting, forging, wire drawing and crystallization annealing. The superelastic and plastic deformation behaviors of the Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ alloy were characterized using variable-temperature tensile tests. The results show that the critical stresses of transformation and dislocation slip of the Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ alloy both exhibit Hall-Petch type grain size dependence, meaning that the critical stress is proportional to the square root of the grain size. As the grain size decreases, the critical stress for dislocation slip increases much faster than that for transformation, thus ensuring that grain refinement is an effective method to enhance superelasticity.

In this paper, stearic acid phase change emulsions were developed for heat storage and transport. Non-ionic surfactant Brijs was mixed with three types of surfactants including cationic surfactant CTAB, anionic surfactant SDS and SDBS, and non-ionic surfactant Tween 40 and Tween 60. The stearate acid phase change nanoemulsions were prepared by phase inversion emulsification method. After preparation parameters optimization, stable nanoemulsions with an average droplet size of less than 100 nm and dispersed phase content up to 30wt% were successfully prepared. The nanoemulsion showed good mobility and good stability under long storage conditions and 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

NiCo₂O₄, an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors, characterized by high theoretical specific capacitance, low cost, and abundant resources. Using bagasse as a biomass template, nickel-cobalt-based precursors were grown on it by hydrothermal method and annealed to remove the template simultaneously to obtain 3-dimensional plate-like NiCo₂O₄ nanowires (P-NiCo₂O₄ NWs), which is a simple, efficient and cost-effective process. Owing to its structural benefits, the P-NiCo₂O₄ NWs electrode exhibits good electrochemical performance, achieving a high specific capacitance of 1 082 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g and maintaining 85.0% of its capacitance at 20 A/g, demonstrating robust rate capability. The hybrid supercapacitor constructed here achieves an energy density of 42.7 Wh/kg, a power density of 800.2 W/kg, and maintains 91.4% of its initial specific capacitance after 5 000 cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. These promising results indicate that the P-NiCo₂O₄ NWs electrodes, prepared using the biomass stencil method, are potentially applicable in a variety of high-performance energy storage devices.

As one of the representatives of the third-generation semiconductor materials, aluminum nitride (AlN) has attracted extensive attention in multiple application fields. However, the piezoelectric properties of intrinsic AlN are insufficient to meet the requirements of piezoelectric devices in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), such as energy harvesters, surface acoustic wave resonators, and bulk acoustic wave resonators. This paper focuses on the effect and mechanism of scandium (Sc) doping in aluminum nitride to generate the piezoelectric enhancement material AlScN. Currently, the main methods for preparing AlScN piezoelectric thin films include magnetron sputtering (PVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In order to achieve excellent piezoelectric properties, AlScN thin films need to possess high piezoelectric performance, good c-axis oriented growth, and excellent crystallinity. Current research mainly concentrates on adjusting the Sc doping concentration, growth temperature, Ⅲ/V ratio, and substrate materials to enhance the overall performance of AlScN thin films. In contrast, yttrium (Y) and ytterbium (Yb) as doping elements show greater application potential. They can not only achieve higher doping concentrations (theoretically up to 0.75 and 0.77 respectively) but also have lower costs compared to Sc. This makes the application prospects of Y and Yb in future piezoelectric devices broader, providing a new research direction for improving the piezoelectric properties of AlN.

LiCoO₂ has excellent volumetric energy density as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its structural stability is poor under high voltage conditions, which leads to the performance degradation of LiCoO₂. Rare earth element doping is an effective means to improve the performance of LiCoO₂, but the doping modification mechanism needs to be further clarified at the atomic and electronic scale levels. In this paper, the mechanism of the effect of Ce doping on the electronic structure and Li⁺ migration properties of LiCoO₂ is investigated using a first-principle calculation method. The results show that Ce doping significantly enlarges the cell volume, reduces the charge density within the cell, decreases the strength of interactions, and makes the cell more stable. LiCoO₂ changes from semiconductor properties to metallic properties after Ce doping, which increases the carrier density and improves the electrical conductivity of the material. After Ce doping, the migration barrier of Li⁺ is reduced by 93.12% compared to pure. This is mainly due to the increased thickness of the Li layer caused by Ce doping, which makes it easier for lithium ion migration to occur, thus enhancing the power density and cycle life of the battery.

P(AM-co-AMPSLi) composite conductive hydrogels were prepared by copolymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid lithium (AMPSLi) and AM. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were selected as the reinforcement phase to improve the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The structure, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and microstructure of the composite hydrogels were measured and studied. The results showed that the hydrogen bond between CNC and P(AM-co-AMPSLi) hydrogels could significantly improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of hydrogels. The electrical conductivity of 3%CNC/P(AM-co-5%AMPSLi) composite hydrogel (0.65 S/m) and the comprehensive mechanical properties were the best (the maximum load and tensile strength of 0.473 N and 30.37 kPa, respectively). The tensile strength was 420% higher than that of the copolymer hydrogel without CNC.

The electrode and separator biomimetic materials for lithium-ion batteries demonstrate the great potential for enhancing battery electrochemical performance due to their unique structures and outstanding capabilities. Despite the theoretical and technological exploration stage of biomimetic materials, this work reviews the progress and research trends in the application of biomimetic materials in the anode, cathode, and separator of lithium-ion batteries. The biomimetic materials possess distinctive properties, such as porosity, micro/nano-scale features, cross-linked networks, and self-assembly characteristics. These structural features not only provide additional storage space for lithium ions and enhance their migration rate but also effectively prevent the aggregation of nanometer-sized particles, thus mitigating the volume expansion of electrode during charge and discharge processes. Future research trends encompass the design of refined synthetic processes, the application of micro-nano manufacturing technologies, the development of active components in biomimetic materials, and the improvement of commercial utilization rates. The efforts in these areas are expected to propel the advancement of biomimetic materials for lithium-ion batteries, which in turn opens up new avenue for the battery technology.

Foams made from conventional materials have demonstrated high performance, stability, etc. in the global context of limited petrochemical resources and energy scarcity. These materials are not renewable, which will result in resource waste and add to the environmental load, and they have significant pollution and petrochemical resource origins. The fact that biomass fiber materials are renewable, eco-friendly, non-polluting, and green, which has made them quite popular. This study examines the development of research on fiber-based foams in the last several years, with an emphasis on the fiber pretreatment, foaming procedure, foaming formulations, and possible uses. It also anticipates the future, when cellulose-based foams will be promoted, produced in vast quantities, and designed with optimal efficiency.

Compared with crystalline silicon cells, organic photovoltaics (OPV) have been widely concerned for their advantages such as soft color, translucency and low-cost large-area manufacturing. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has become one of the key materials of OPVs electron transport layer due to its advantages in electron transport, environmental friendliness and low temperature solution processing. However, ZnO nanoparticles usually have a large number of surface defects which affect their carrier transport performance. Therefore, the electrical properties of ZnO need to be further improved. In this paper, the effect of boron doped ZnO as electron transport layer (B-ZnO) on the photoelectric properties of OPVs was studied by mixing boric acid and zinc oxide solution with different concentrations and adjusting and optimizing the mixing ratio. When the doping ratio is 8%, the maximum energy conversion efficiency of B-Zno-based OPVs under a standard sunlight has reached 8.76%, which is 8.2% higher than that of ZnO-based devices (8.10%). This is because boric acid doping makes the ZnO electron transport layer obtain better surface morphology and better electrical properties, reduce the interfacial defect state density and increase the built-in potential of the device, and thus improve the performance of the device. This study has provided a new idea and method for the convenient application of ZnO element doping in high efficiency OPVs.

Bi₂Te₃ alloy has high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity due to its narrow band gap and unique layered crystal structure, which has attracted much attention in low-temperature thermoelectric materials. However, the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric power generation or refrigeration devices made of Bi₂Te₃-based alloys is still low, so the improvement of the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit zT of Bi₂Te₃-based materials is the key. The thermal conductivity of Bi₂Te₃-based materials can be significantly reduced by phonon engineering, such as nano-modification, superlattice structure, nanocomposite, doping and introduction of dislocation arrays, and the zT value can be significantly improved by optimizing the thermal transport properties. However, the electrical transport performance has not been significantly optimized. Carrier engineering is one of the important means to synergistically optimize the electrical and thermal transport properties of Bi₂Te₃-based materials. This paper mainly reviews the major research progress in recent years to improve the electrical transport properties of Bi₂Te₃-based materials through carrier engineering, such as band engineering, carrier energy filtering effect, carrier mobility and concentration optimization. These carrier engineering strategies are important means to improve the performance of thermoelectric materials and provide new research ideas for the development of efficient thermoelectric materials.

The separator is a crucial component in lithium batteries. Commercially available polyolefin separators often suffer from poor electrolyte wettability and high-temperature shrinkage, which limits their suitability for the development of high-performance lithium batteries. In this study, a cellulose/polyacrylamide (d-CA/PAM) composite separator was prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in a cellulose acetate (CA) solution, followed by synchronous phase separation and deacetylation. The d-CA/PAM separator exhibits high porosity (77.9%), excellent electrolyte uptake (273.0%), outstanding thermal stability (no shrinkage at 200 ℃), and a high ionic conductivity (1.51 mS/cm). The lithium metal batteries assembled with the d-CA/PAM separator demonstrate superior performance compared to polyolefin separators, showing a higher initial capacity (150.1 mAh/g vs. 143.0 mAh/g) and better cycling stability (capacity retention after 100 cycles 94.3% vs. 92.0%).

Pb_0.9Sr_0.1(Zr_0.5Ti_0.5)_(1-x)Ce_xO₃ (x=0.05-0.20)(PSCZT) ceramics were successfully prepared by solid-phase sintering method. The effects of different sintering temperature and different Ce doping content on the structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PSCZT ceramics were studied. The results showed that when the sintering temperature was 1 100 ℃ and Ce doping content was 0.05, The compact perovskite ceramics with high residual polarization (11.66 μC/cm²) and small coercive field (17.95 kV/cm) were obtained, at this time, the permittivity of PSCZT ceramics increases from 518 to 912. The positron annihilation test results showed that the average positron annihilation lifetime of PZT and PSCZT ceramic samples with the Ce doping content of 0.10 and sintering temperature of 1 100 ℃ are 178.75 ps and 179.67 ps. The addition of Sr and Ce reduces the probability of positron capture in PZT samples, and the average positron annihilation lifetime increases. The B-site defect concentration of Sr and Ce co-doped PZT decreases, and the number of domain walls decreases accordingly, which makes the domain walls move more easily, thus improving the polarization strength and ferroelectric properties of PZT ceramics.

Conductive silver paste is mainly composed of silver powder, resin, solvent, and additives. According to the properties of the solvent, it can be divided into water-based and oil-based conductive silver paste. The former has high potential for application in the field of flexible electronic technology due to its green and environmentally friendly characteristics. This article uses the controlled variable method to compare experiments and finds that the solvent ratio and type not only improve the conductivity of silver paste, but also affect its drying rate and sintering temperature. Among them, glycerol can significantly improve the conductivity of silver paste, and ethanol can improve the natural drying rate of silver paste. The final determined ratio of conductive silver paste is silver powder:resin:solvent of 125:55:53, and the ratio of water-based solvent is ethanol:propylene glycol of 161:339. This silver paste has high conductivity (ρ=2.25×10^-5 Ω·cm), adhesion (5 B), excellent comprehensiveness, and green environmental protection characteristics, and can also achieve RFID applications.

Matrine/gelatin antibacterial microcapsules were prepared by emulsion crosslinking method using gelatin as wall material and matrine as core material. The effects of core wall ratio, stirring speed and types of crosslinking agents on the properties of microcapsules were investigated. The morphology and structure of the microcapsules were observed, and the drug loading rate, embedding rate, particle size distribution, antibacterial performance and release performance of the microcapsules were measured. The core-wall ratio was 1∶2, the stirring speed was 700rpm, and the drug loading rate and embedding rate of the microcapsules were 15.0% and 32.2% respectively. The bactericidal rate of 20mg/mL microcapsule for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus can reach 100%; The release rate of microcapsules in vitro was stable.

Cell therapy harnesses the properties of living cells for the treatment and prevention of diseases, while 3D cell spheroids enhance therapeutic efficacy and support precision medicine. However, cellular heterogeneity is one of the clinical therapeutic challenges that cell spheroids face. The objective of this research is to address this shortcoming by integrating injectable fibrous materials within the cell spheroids during culture process. Utilizing techniques such as electrospinning and the process of interfacial crystallization, the work employed high-speed homogenization technology to successfully produce injectable fractal nanofiber sheets, which were then co-cultured with various cell types using a microwell array method. By optimizing the co-culture conditions, we developed a novel composite cell spheroid with high throughput. Compared to the control group, the fractal nanofiber sheets not only enhanced cell viability but also significantly prevented the heterogeneity of cells within the spheroids. This study offers a fresh perspective on the application of fiber-based injectable biomaterials and underscores the potential of composite cell spheroids in advancing regenerative medicine and personalized treatment strategies.