Using solid waste concrete with primary strength of C30 as recycled coarse aggregate, 50% iron tail sand was used to replace natural river sand, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selected as nano-reinforced materials to prepare carbon nanotube modified iron tail sand reclaimed aggregate concrete. Through mechanical properties, water absorption, SEM (electron scanning microscope) and other characterization tests, the effects of carbon nanotube content and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate on concrete properties were investigated. The test results show that CNTs were incorporated directly into the concrete mixing process,resulting in concrete with compressive,flexural,and splitting tensile strengths that exhibited a parabolic trend,initially increasing and then decreasing as they cure over time. When the amount of CNTs added 01%,the flexural strength and compressive strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reach the relatively highest values. The splitting tensile strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reache the highest value when 0.15% of CNTs added. The SEM test showed that appropriate CNTs could change the micro-interface structure of concrete, accelerate the early hydration process, and reduce the slump degree of concrete mixture. CNTs, as the nucleation site of cement hydration reaction, increased the reaction rate of cement in the hydration process. Combined with mesh filling and bridging, the toughness of the concrete was significantly improved, while the pore distribution optimized to form a higher density matrix.When using carbon nanotubes to enhance recycled coarse aggregates,the content of carbon nanotubes should not exceed 0.20% (mass fraction). Excessive CNTs content would cause the matrix to reunite, forming loose weak areas, which in the deterioration of the performance of the concrete.The prediction formula of compressive strength of solid waste concrete was established, and the feasibility of the formula was verified, which provided different methods for the numerical simulation of carbon nanotube modified solid waste concrete.

Nano-ceramic coating is a kind of ceramic coating obtained by different nano-toughening methods and preparation processes. The introduction of nano-structure can improve the brittleness of ceramic coating to a certain extent. The common toughening methods and toughening mechanism of nanostructured ceramic coatings are introduced, including whisker toughening, nanowire toughening, carbon nanotube toughening, nanoparticle toughening, nano-multilayer film toughening, nano-superlattice toughening and bionic structure toughening. The main preparation processes of nanostructured toughening ceramic coatings in recent years are briefly described. The main methods are sol-gel method, vapor deposition method, thermal spraying technology (such as plasma spraying, supersonic spraying) and magnetron sputtering. Finally, the problems and challenges in the preparation of different nano-toughened ceramic coatings are summarized, and the research direction and application prospect of nano-toughened ceramic coatings are prospected.

The utilization of magnetic nanofluids as the base carrier fluid of magnetorheological fluids represents an effective approach to enhance the magnetorheological effect. However, achieving highly stable nano-composite magnetorheological fluids remains a significant challenge, encompassing both the synthesis of magnetic nanofluids and the prevention of composite particle agglomeration. In this study, Fe₃O₄ silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluids were prepared using silane coupling agent KH550 as a dispersant, followed by a novel process of co-coating dispersants to obtain nano-composite magnetorheological fluids. The surface morphology, physical phase composition and magnetic properties were characterized and analyzed using XRD, FI-IR, TEM, FE-SEM and VSM. The sedimentation stability and redispersibility of the novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluids were investigated. The results show that surface modification of micron-sized particles significantly enhances the stability and redispersibility of the nano-composite magnetorheological fluids, with optimal sedimentation stability and redispersibility observed at nanoparticle volume fraction of 8%. Furthermore, the novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluids demonstrate superior temperature resistance, remaining stable within the temperature range form -40 ℃ to 120 ℃over extended durations. Rheological properties of novel nano-composite magnetorheological fluid were also investigated demonstrating higher off-state viscosity and magnetorheological effect in comparison to conventional magnetorheological fluids. Moreover, both static and dynamic yield stresses increase with nanoparticle concentration and magnetic field strength.

Ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials, with ultra-high ionic Seebeck coefficients, have captured considerable attention in recent years. Diverging from conventional electronic thermoelectric materials, iTE materials leverage ions as charge carriers, with ion-conducting gels emerging as promising contenders due to their exceptional iTE properties and flexible stretchability. This paper reviews the current state of research on gel-based iTE materials. The factors affecting the thermoelectric properties of gel-based iTE materials have been analysed in depth by examining the two main working mechanisms of iTE, i.e. thermodiffusion effect and thermogalvanic effect. We elucidate strategies for enhancing the performance of gel-based iTE materials. The applications of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials are meticulously outlined, alongside a discussion on the challenges hindering the further advancement of these materials. By spotlighting the latest innovations in the realm of ionic thermoelectric materials, we aspire for this review to serve as a pivotal reference for the future progression of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials.

Diamond/aluminum composites have the advantages of high thermal conductivity and low density, making them ideal cooling materials for aerospace electronic devices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the factors influencing the thermal conductivity of diamond/aluminum composites, as well as their reliability. In view of the above problems, spark plasma sintering method was utilized to prepare diamond/aluminum composites with a thermal conductivity of 462 W/(m·K). It considered the effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and diamond particle size combination. Additionally, the heat spreader reliability of this diamond/aluminum composite in high and low temperature and vibration environment was studied. The results demonstrated that the diamond/aluminum composite effectively reduced the heat source temperature by 13 ℃ compared to aluminum alloy when subjected to a heat flux of 70 W/cm². Furthermore, diamond/aluminum composites can maintain stable physical properties and structural reliability in the high and low temperature and vibration environment, effectively exerting their heat dissipation capacity. Overall, diamond/aluminum composites can be presented as a reliable solution for heat dissipation in aerospace electronic devices.

Phase change concrete (PCC) is a new type of building material that absorbs or releases a large amount of heat over the phase change temperature range, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection. In this paper, the basic principle of phase change concrete and its development and application are summarized. Secondly, the research status of material properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties of PCM is analyzed, and the existing problems and challenges in the current research are pointed out. Finally, the experimental research and engineering application of PCM are summarized, and the intelligent development suggestions based on PCM composites are put forward.

In recent years, high entropy oxides, which are composed of five or more metallic elements in equimolar or near-equimolar highly dispersed and disordered structures, have received extensive attention. The high entropy oxides including rock salt, spinel, perovskite and fluorite, have good application prospects in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, absorption and heat insulation. In this paper, the recent advances in the preparation method of high entropy oxides including solid phase reaction, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, solution combustion synthesis and laser method are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in detail. On this basis, various modification strategies of high entropy oxides are summarized. The problems in the synthesis of high entropy oxides are presented, and the future development trend of high entropy oxides is prospected.

Because of its excellent biochemical and mechanical properties, hydrogels are widely used in the fields of drought resistance, fresh-keeping, moisture regulation, etc., and also have outstanding advantages in the field of wound dressings. Because of its good hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and three-dimensional porous structure similar to extracellular matrix, the research of hydrogel dressings has attracted much attention, and has gradually become functional and even intelligent. However, there is still lack of systematic elaboration on functional hydrogel dressings. This paper introduces different types of functional hydrogel dressings, puts forward the challenges faced by hydrogel dressings in the process of research and application, and looks forward to the development prospects of functional hydrogel dressings in the future.

The functional utilization of iron ore tailings (IOT) converted into high value-added products is receiving increasing attention and expectation. Herein, mesoporous zinc silicate composites, including zincsilite composite and hemimorphite composite with flower-like morphology assembled by layered nanosheets, as well as willemite composite with ellipsoidal morphology assembled by short rods, were synthesized from iron ore tailings by introducing zinc ions via hydrothermal reaction process. Mesoporous zinc silicate composite hemimorphite has a typical narrow pore structure formed by the aggregation of sheet-like particles, with a pore width of about 3.385 nm and a specific surface area of 96.15 m²/g. The composite shows efficient adsorption capacity for the dye methylene blue(MB), with a removal rate of nearly 100% within 10 min, and has potential application prospects in the field of dye waste water treatment.

UV-curable coatings are environmentally friendly coatings with the advantages of rapid curing and film formation. Herein, we reported an UV-curable polyurethane oligomer based on soft segment of polycarbonate diol and carbon-carbon double bond as end group. The photocurable flexible polyurethane was prepared by combining the oligomer with several active acrylate monomers, and the properties of the coatings after curing with different formulations were studied. The results showed that addition of an additional 15wt% polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate to a coating containing 55wt% polyurethane prepolymer resulted in a film with good flexibility and adhesion, and good performance. After the aging test, it could still maintain good adhesion force with the polycarbonate substrate.

Cu alloys have been widely used in construction, marine and power engineering fields due to their excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. However, the corrosion resistance requirements of Cu alloys in some high-tech fields are constantly improving, with the complexity of application scenarios and the diversification of influencing factors. Therefore, this paper analyzed the research status of corrosion resistance of Cu alloys at home and abroad; summarized the main methods for improving the corrosion resistance of Cu alloys, such as surface treatment, heat treatment and multi-element alloying; investigated the effects of these methods on the grain size, corrosion products, phase transformation, and crystal defects of Cu alloys, as well as the mechanisms of improving corrosion resistance; envisioned the future direction of corrosion resistance research on Cu alloys.

Heavy metal contamination of environmental waters poses a serious threat to the ecological balance and human health. Therefore, the development of composite materials with highly efficient heavy metals adsorption capabilities is of crucial significance. In this study, the iron-manganese oxides modified biochar (FM-BCs) composite materials were prepared by the use of bone powder and Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ in different molar ratios (4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶4) as raw materials. The results show that iron-manganese modification alters the material's pore ∶structure and introduces Fe-O and Mn-O characteristic functional groups on the surface of the biochar. The molar ratio of KMnO₄ to Fe(NO₃)₃ in the composition of the prepared raw materials significantly influences the adsorption capacity of the FM-BCs composite material for heavy metal ions. In particular, the composite material prepared under the condition that the molar ratio of Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ is 1∶4 (F₁M₄-BC )has the best adsorption capacity for heavy metals. Through the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms, it was found that FM-BCs predominantly undergo single layer adsorption and chemical adsorption processes for Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions in aqueous solutions. Specifically, the Langmuir model fitting for F₁M₄-BC demonstrated maximum adsorption capacities of 192.73 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 427.00 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ). This research results provide a fundamental scientific basis and technical support for the development of efficient remedial materials for the removal of heavy metals from water.

As an emerging surface coating modification technology, laser cladding plays a vital role in the preparation of surface strengthening coatings and material modification. Cladding powder material is one of the key factors determining the performance of cladding layer, and has become the focus of laser cladding technology research. This paper first introduces the core principle of laser cladding technology, then elaborates the characteristics and research progress of cladding materials such as metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder, and finally looks forward to the future development direction of laser cladding powder materials.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials show great potential in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique pore structure and easily regulatable chemical properties. As a photocatalytic material, zeolite imidazole skeleton material (ZIF-8) faces the serious problem of light absorption. In view of the difficulties existing in the application of ZIF-8 at the present stage, the functional modification method is used to improve the band gap of ZIF-8, so as to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8. ZIF-8 modified with 2,2′-bipyridine (2-BP) exhibits the strongest photocatalytic activity, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency is about 910.14 μmol/g/h, which is 7.3 times than that of unmodified ZIF-8.

In order to study the frost resistance and strength regulation of desert sand concrete (DSC) subjected to sulphate freeze-thaw cycle, the freeze-thaw cycle test of DSC was carried out with three kinds of sulphate solutions (3%, 5% and 7% Na₂SO₄) as freezing and thawing medium. The apparent characteristics, mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, corrosion resistance coefficient and ultrasonic velocity loss rate of DSC after exposure to sulphate freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed. A prediction model for the strength of desert sand concrete after sulphate freeze-thawing was established on the basis of GM (1, 1) model. Experimental results showed that with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate and ultrasonic velocity loss rate increased, but the corrosion coefficient and relative dynamic modulus decreased. When desert sand replacement rate (DSRR) increased from 0 to 40%, concrete showed better frost resistance. When the DSRR was above 60%, the incorporation of excess desert sand had adversely effect on the frost resistance. Excessive larger mass fraction of sulphate solution exacerbated the failure process of DSC and reduced significantly the predicted service life of DSC. The average relative errors of the predicated results from GM (1, 1) model were less than 2% with high prediction accuracy. Research results provided references for the assessment of the predicted service life of concrete structure under the action of sulphate freeze-thawing in Northwest China.

In order to solve the problem that the water vapor barrier performance of the existing flexible polymer composite membrane is low, and it is difficult to optimize the water vapor transmission, mechanical strength and optical transmission at the same time, a new magnesium oxide heterocyclic olefin copolymer composite membrane (MgO/COC) was developed in this paper. The effects of MgO content on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, hydrophobic properties and water vapor barrier properties of the composite membrane were explored. The results show that MgO has good dispersion in COC composite film. When 1 wt% MgO was doped with COC, the contact angle reached the highest of 106.8°, indicating good hydrophobic properties of the MgO/COC composite film. The water vapor barrier performance of the composite membrane is 63.1% higher than that of the pure COC membrane, and the minimum water vapor transmission rate reaches 0.21 g/(m²·d), which is the lowest water vapor transmission rate of the doped polymer composite membrane publicly reported at present. The excellent water vapor barrier performance is attributed to the reaction between MgO and water vapor to form magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide has excellent water vapor barrier performance. The double mechanism water vapor barrier property of the composite film provides a new idea for the water vapor barrier design of food packaging and pharmaceutical packaging.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) mesh-based polysulfone (PSF)-zirconia (ZrO₂) composite separator, as a new type of high-performance alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production separator, has the advantages of good mechanical properties, low area resistance and high chemical stability. The composite separator was prepared by preheating compression molding and phase inversion precipitation techniques. The effects of the content of PSF, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the casting solution on the performance of the separator were investigated. The performance of composite separator (Named PPZS) and commercial Zirfon UTP 500 separator were analyzed and compared. The results show that the PPZS composite separator has a tensile strength of 36.36 MPa, an area resistance of 0.21 Ω·cm², and a bubble point pressure of 0.268 MPa, which exhibit excellent comprehensive performance in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

With the development of science and technology, the use of portable electronic equipment is becoming more and more extensive, and it is inevitable to produce a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in its surrounding environment, and it is urgent to develop electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and optimize their performance, which can not only protect the human body from electromagnetic wave interference, but also reduce the secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves, which has important research significance in civil and military affairs. The two-dimensional nanomaterial Mxene has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and good chemical activity, and has great application prospects in the field of electromagnetic protection. Carbon-based materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, etc., are widely used for electromagnetic interference protection because of their good thermal/electrical properties. In this paper, the research progress of Mxene/carbon matrix composites in the field of wave absorption is reviewed, and the loss mechanism of Mxene/carbon matrix composites absorbers is introduced in detail, and its structure is analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of Mxene/carbon-based composite absorber is prospected in terms of preparation, structure and multi-function.

Nano-mesoporous iron oxides have considerable application value in adsorption, separation, catalysis and other fields, with the characteristics of abundant pore structure, high specific surface area and ordered pore size distribution. Nevertheless, diverse synthesis methods can result in nano-mesoporous iron oxides with different morphologies and even different crystal phases. The product channels can be controlled to achieve a purposeful "pore making" by using different preparation methods and adjusting experimental parameters, and further applied to various fields according to its properties. In this paper, the preparation and application of nano-mesoporous iron oxide were reviewed, and the research direction in this field was put forward.

Taking Sb₂Te₃ as the research object, Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ powder was prepared by hydrothermal method by doping Bi element, and Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film was prepared by high vacuum thermal evaporation coating method on a glass slide substrate. The lattice structure, microstructure and elemental composition of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, etc. The influence of Bi proportion on the thermoelectric properties of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films was tested using the electrical performance testing system ZEM-3. The results showed that Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ had a diamond shaped structure, with irregular morphology of particles and layers. After doping with Bi³⁺, it would replace the position of Sb³⁺. The conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film showed a trend of first decreasing and then slightly increasing with the increase of temperature. With the increased of Bi doping amount, the conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film first increased and then decreased, and the Seebeck coefficient continued to increase. At 300 K, the highest conductivity of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ film was 3 015 S/cm. The total thermal conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first decreased and then increased with the increase of temperature, and continuously decreased with the increase of Bi doping amount. The highest thermal conductivity of Sb₂Te₃ at 300 K was 1.61 W/(m·K)., the power factor of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first increased and then decreased. The power factor of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ thin film reached its maximum value of 16.2 μW/(cm·K²) at 300 K, indicated that Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ composite thermoelectric material can generate a larger thermoelectric voltage and achieve higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency under a given temperature difference.

In order to achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction in new energy sources, the service life of PMFs has become a key issue. In fusion reactor, the deuterium tritium fusion reaction will release high-energy neutrons, which will transmutation tungsten into rhenium. The reaction can inhibit the growth of bubbles, reduce the irradiation hardening and embrittlement, so the W-Re alloy has good resistance to plasma irradiation. In this paper, the mechanism of damage behavior of W and W-Re alloys under ion irradiation is described in detail, and the research progress in recent years is reviewed and prospected, which provides a reference for the later research of W-Re alloys in ion irradiation.

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles were prepared by two different methods based on the sol-gel method, and the methyl orange degradation experiments showed that the catalytic degradation performance of TiO₂ particles prepared by the two-step ethanol method was better than that of TiO₂ prepared by the one-step method, and the surface morphology of the TiO₂ was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface morphology of TiO₂ particles prepared by one-step method was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the characterization of chalcogenide photovoltaic device performance shows that the TiO₂ particles prepared by the one-step method mainly show anatase phase, and its application in chalcogenide solar cells under the environment of air, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cell reaches 12.7%, while the TiO₂ particles prepared by the two-step method appear anatase and rutile two kinds of diffraction peaks, and the mixed-crystalline form makes the PCE of chalcogenide cells decreased to 9.4%, so it can be concluded that TiO₂ prepared by one-step method can improve the performance of calcite solar cells when used as an electron transport layer.

Environmental pollution is an important problem that needs to be solved in the process of industrial production. We synthesized g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst by biological template method, which showed better photocatalytic performance than pure TiO₂ water solution in the process of degrading MO wastewater. The Yeast as soft biological template provided the materials with a porous structure and a large specific surface area, which increased the reactive sites in the aqueous solution and respectively, the g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction structure acted as an electron transfer channel. light conditions, by the influence of internal electric field and Coulomb force, relatively useless electron-hole pairs got recombination and supreme redox ability electron-hole pairs are retained, respectively the retained electron-hole pairs provied the materials with the strongest redox capacity. XPS analysis verified that the direction of electron transfer was from g-C₃N₄ to TiO₂ The radical trapping experiment revealed that ·OH and O^-₂ molecules appeared around the composites, which were the main active ingredient in the photocatalytic degradation process. Therefore, the g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ composites prepared by the biotemplate and calcination method are promising photocatalysts for degrading organic dye wastewater.

Graphene oxide is grafted to the surface of carbon fiber with chemical grafting method of “grafting to” by bonding of chemical bonds, and graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber cross-scale reinforcement (CF-GO) is prepared after. The effect of grafted graphene oxide on the electromagnetic properties of carbon fiber is studied by measuring the monofilm conductivity and electromagnetic parameters of carbon fiber and CF-GO. The results show that compared with carbon fiber, the monofilament conductivity of CF-GO decreases, but the complex dielectric constant real part, imaginary part and dielectric loss angle tangent of CF-GO increase. The grafted graphene oxide can enhance the dielectric loss capacity of carbon fiber, but has no effect on the magnetic loss capacity of carbon fiber. In the range of 0-18 GHz, the impedance matching rate and attenuation constant of CF-GO are larger than that of carbon fiber on the whole, and its wave absorbing property is better. Carbon fiber shows better wave absorbing property in high frequency.

The expansion and contraction of material caused by the change of ambient temperature is a common problem for precision instruments, optical components, aerospace equipment, etc. Due to the low coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 2.0 ppm/℃ at Curie temperature of 230 ℃ or below, Invar alloys have extremely high dimensional stability, and this unique property makes Invar alloys have an excellent advantage in the field of high-precision and high-stability dimensional change. However, combined with the actual working conditions and specific application environments, Invar alloys need to have other functions, such as high strength, magnetism, damping, etc., under the condition of low expansion characteristics, in order to meet the diversified needs for material properties in different fields. In order to promote the in-depth study of Invar alloys, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the research progress of Invalid alloys, focusing on the six aspects of the strengthening pathways of Invar alloys, namely, precipitation strengthening, deformation strengthening, magnetism, damping, electrodeposition, and additive manufacturing, and puts forward some opinions on the direction of its development in the hope of providing a certain reference value for the future optimization of Invar alloy properties.

Permanent magnetic materials play an important role in modern industry and technology. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in predicting and optimizing the preparation and application of permanent magnetic materials using machine learning methods. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of machine learning in research on permanent magnetic materials, introduces the learning process of machine learning and commonly used machine learning algorithms, and summarizes the research progress of machine learning technology in microstructure optimization and characterization analysis, magnetic properties prediction and component optimization, exploring new materials.This paper raises the issues faced by machine learning in the field of permanent magnet materials, including high data dimension, limited sample size, large noise interference, and more missing values. In future research, new algorithms and optimization strategies should be deeply studied and explored, the scale of the dataset should be expanded, and intelligent experimental techniques should be combined to accelerate the research and development and improvement of permanent magnet materials.

Due to the increasing energy pollution and the significant consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels, it is urgent to explore new green and clean energy carriers. Two dimensional layered double hydroxides exhibit excellent electrochemical catalytic activity in water splitting, but their poor conductivity and low specific surface area hinder further performance improvement. This work successfully constructed cobalt iron layered double hydroxides (CoFe-LDHs) with unique morphology by hydrothermal method, and investigated the electrocatalytic performance of catalysts for water splitting in 1 mol/L KOH. An electrolyzer with CoFe-LDHs-1∶1 as both cathode and anode shows a low voltage of 1.62 V to afford the current density of 10 mA/cm². Moreover, it is no obvious degradation was detected in the water splitting stability test.

Aiming at the problem of low specific capacitance of activated carbon, utilizing the large specific surface area and abundant pore structure of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a synergistic bilayer mechanism with pseudocapacitive properties of MOFs-derived porous carbon hybrid composites with activated carbon was investigated in this paper. N-doped porous carbon composites were prepared by designing different Zn/Co ratios and carbonization temperatures. ZCPC@AC-800 was tested in a three-electrode system and showed a specific capacitance of 327.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g, which was higher than that of the MOF-derived porous carbon composites generated from monometallic atoms, due to the fact that the bimetallic MOFs in the nanocomposites could provide a more diverse range of active sites during pyrolysis. In addition, symmetric supercapacitors (ZCPC@AC-800∥ZCPC@AC-800) assembled in a 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte with a potential window of 0-1.5 V have an energy density of 21 Wh/kg at a power density of 375 W/kg. After cycling test, its initial specific capacitance remained 80% after 5 000 times of charging and discharging at 5 A/g.

Water-soluble photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl) pyridinium methosulfate acetal (SbQ-PVA) solution was coated onto silver nanowire (AgNW) films to form SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films by a simple solution process. The optical-electrical properties and morphology of AgNW films with different surface densities before and after coating with SbQ-PVA were analyzed, and the mechanical as well as environmental stability of the AgNW films were compared with that of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films. The results show that the SbQ-PVA coating does not affect the electrical conductivity of the silver nanowire network and also enhances the optical properties, resulting in a high transmittance of about 90% for composite films with sheet resistance as low as about 20 Ω/sq. Meanwhile, the mechanical stability of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films is significantly enhanced, with the resistance value changing by only 1% in 5 000 bending cycle tests, and it can withstand the scratching of 3B pencil. The SbQ-PVA also brings excellent environmental stability to the composite films, which can maintain the resistance and morphology stability for 4 months in atmospheric environment, and it can also be well resisted to the corrosion of acid, alkali, and salt solutions. In addition, the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films are able to remain stable in deionized water ultrasonication, and this feature can be utilized with a photomask for one-step patterning of silver nanowire films. SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films with high photovoltaic performance and stability offer new possibilities to realize high-quality flexible transparent electrodes in a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient way.

In order to improve the road performance of asphalt pavement, polyurethane/nano-ZnO composite modified asphalt was prepared by polyurethane, nano-ZnO and matrix asphalt. Taking penetration, softening point, ductility and 135 ℃ viscosity as evaluation indexes, the influence of modifier on asphalt performance was studied, and the storage stability was evaluated by softening point difference. Three kinds of composite modified asphalt AC-13C mixture were prepared for rutting test, trabecular bending test and immersion Marshall test to study the performance of modified asphalt mixture. The results show that the incorporation of polyurethane and nano-ZnO can significantly improve the high and low temperature performance of the matrix asphalt, and the storage stability meets the requirements of the specification. The composite modified asphalt mixture can meet the road performance of asphalt pavement. The modified asphalt mixture with 5% polyurethane and 3% nano-ZnO content has the best effect on improving high temperature performance and water stability. Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture, the dynamic stability is increased by 2.32 times, the residual stability is increased by 9.0%, and the maximum flexural tensile strain (-10 ℃) is increased by 8.3%. Considering the improvement effect of road performance, it is recommended to use 5% polyurethane compound 3% nano-ZnO as the best content of composite modified asphalt and its mixture.

This review provided a concise overview of the state of copper-titanium alloys, with a focus on the preparation techniques based on vacuum melting and powder metallurgy. The phase transformation process and strengthening mechanisms during solution aging of copper-titanium alloys were discussed in detail. The principles of strengthening through rolling processes were also introduced. The relationship between aging processes, deformation strengthening techniques, and their impact on performance was summarized. Additionally, the influence of third elements on the properties of copper-titanium alloys was described, including the mechanisms by which certain elements affected performance. The paper concluded with an introduction to the latest advancements in optimizing the properties of copper-titanium alloys.

Owing to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents and the process of natural selection of microorganisms, antibiotic resistance has become a serious problem that challenges the health of human beings. Integrating two different bactericidal agents into one matrix is a feasible approach to enhance antibacterial efficiency. This study synthesized an efficient antibacterial nanocomposite material by conjugating polydopamine-modified silver nanoparticles (PDA@Ag) with amoxicillin (AMOX). The structure of PDA@Ag-AMOX (PAA) was characterized using TEM, UV-Vis, and FT-IR. Compared to PDA@Ag, PAA showed an increased inhibition rate of 33.3% against Escherichia coli, 31.3% against Bacillus subtilis, and 28.6% against Salmonella. It was speculated that the antimicrobial mechanism involved the reaction of Ag⁺ derived from PAA with functional groups of vital enzymes and proteins and the inhibitory effect of AMOX on the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and carboxypeptidase activity of binding proteins. PAA has both good coordinated antibacterial activity and high biocompatibility, which lays the foundation for the future combination and the exploration of more collaborative treatment plans among antibacterial agents.

With the widespread use of integrated and miniaturized high-performance equipment, the strong vibration and noise produced by these equipment in the process of operation have brought a series of environmental and health problems to human beings. It is an effective way to solve the problem of vibration and noise by using damping materials to transform part of the kinetic energy generated by vibration into heat energy or other forms of energy dissipation. Silicone rubber material has excellent viscoelasticity, and its main chain Si-O bond energy is large. These characteristics give it stable and reliable mechanical properties in a wide temperature range (-50-200 ℃). Hence Silicone rubber material often used as vibration and noise reduction materials in aerospace, medical equipment, automotive light industry, electronics and electrical appliances and other fields. However, the high damping temperature domain of silicone rubber is usually around its glass transition temperature (T_g, -120--70 ℃). The damping performance is relatively poor at room temperature and high temperature, and the effective damping temperature domain is narrow, which is difficult to apply to the actual work requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to modify silicone rubber to enhance and improve its damping performance and broaden its effective damping temperature domain.

Hydrogen energy has become a strategic energy source for the primary development of major countries in the world, and the main methods of hydrogen production are hydrogen production from fossil energy, hydrogen production from industrial by-products and hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, among which hydrogen production from water electrolysis by proton exchange membrane (PEM) has a sizable future prospect for the development of hydrogen energy due to the advantages of zero-carbon emission and high purity of hydrogen production. Acidic oxygen precipitation reaction (OER) as the anode reaction of PEM, is one of the main reasons limiting the development of PEM due to its complex four-electron transfer process. To date, various electrocatalysts for acidic OER have been extensively studied, but iridium-based materials are still the most advanced acidic OER electrocatalysts due to their superior oxygen precipitation catalytic performance and effective improvement of water electrolysis efficiency. Therefore, the development of high-performance and low-cost iridium-based catalysts has become an important technology to promote the development of PEM. This paper reviews the classical adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and summarizes the development and optimization strategies of different iridium-based catalysts. Finally, an outlook on the future development direction of iridium-based catalysts in acidic OER is provided.

In order to solve the performance defects of rigid polyurethane foaming process, such as collapsed bubbles and large holes, the present work was carried out to prepare new POSS-based hybrid siloxane foam stabilizers in one step by a green and simple "thiol-alkene" click reaction. The balance between hydrophobic groups TFEMA (trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and CHE (cyclohexene) and hydrophilic APEG (poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate) groups was adjusted to explore the new foam stabilizers with optimal properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful preparation of the composites. SEM characterization and tests on emulsion time, fluidity and compression strength showed that the POSS nanomaterials, which are easy to design and control in structure, can effectively promote the effective mutual solubility of the components, reduce the surface energy, and the terminal hydroxyl group can be chemically connected to the PU skeleton structure effectively, so that the nano-inorganic POSS cores can significantly strengthen the bubble wall during the process of pore formation and effectively inhibit the formation of macropores. During the process of foam pore formation, the inorganic POSS nanocore significantly enhances the foam wall strength and effectively inhibits the formation of large pores. This multifunctional synergy between the inorganic nanocore and low-surface-energy molecule design results in a more uniform distribution of foam pores and excellent mechanical properties of the prepared polyurethane foam. The study provides new inspiration and theoretical basis for the molecular design and development of multifunctional foam stabilizers.

In this study, white oil-melamine resin microcapsules were prepared through in-situ polymerization method with white oil as the core material and melamine resin as the wall material. The properties were characterized using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Using melamine resin microcapsule as a modifier, a melamine microcapsule/epoxy resin composite was prepared by the bulk casting method. The effects of the microcapsule addition amount and wear rate on the tribological properties of epoxy resin composites were studied, and their mechanical properties and wear surface morphology were analyzed. The experimental results show that the addition of melamine resin microcapsules can significantly improve the friction and wear properties of epoxy resin composites. When the amount of melamine resin microcapsules added is 3% and the rotational speed is 0.2 m/s, the epoxy resin composite material has the lowest friction coefficient, reaching 0.057. When the speed of 0.1 m/s, it has the minimum wear rate of 0.454×10^-7 cm³/Nm, with the decrease of 76.5%.

The phase structure of Sm₂Fe₁₇N_X(SmFeN)/LaMA(LaMgAlO) composite wave-absorbing coating samples with different mass ratios (2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2) plasma sprayed at 35 kW as well as the values of electromagnetic parameters (ε′, ε″, μ′, μ″) and electromagnetic reflectance RL of the samples within the electromagnetic wave frequency band of 0-18 GHz were observed and analyzed, and the its electromagnetic loss mechanism was investigated. The results show that the SmFeN content has a large influence on the phase composition and wave-absorbing properties of the sprayed samples. The sprayed samples include Fe, Fe₈N, Fe₁₆N₂, Al₂O₃, AlN, Fe₁₂Sm, La₃MgAlO₇ and LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ phases. The SmFeN increases the relative content of the Fe, Fe₈N and Fe₁₆N₂ phases, decreases the relative content of the Fe₁₂Sm, La₃MgAlO₇ and LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ phases, and has no effect on the AlN phase. The amorphous phase appears at high temperatures, and the relative intensity of the amorphous phase increases as the temperature rises, resulting in poor wave-absorbing properties of the samples at high temperatures. The relative content of LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ decreases the ε′, ε″ of the samples, optimizing the impedance matching of the sprayed samples. The relative content of AlN increases the valley of ε′ and the peak of ε″ to the high frequency. The mass ratio of the sprayed sample with the best performance is SmFeN∶LaMA=1∶2, the reflectivity reaches -40.31 dB at 4.24 GHz, 4.83 mm, and the bandwidth and thickness range of the effective absorption (RL<-10 dB) are 3.61-6.94 GHz, 2.93-5 mm and 8.4-12.2 GHz, 1.98-3.45 mm, respectively. The lowest reflectance of the 1∶1 ratio sprayed samples at 40 ℃, 400 ℃, and 700 ℃ are -5.46 dB, -3.62 dB, and -0.37 dB in the 8~18 GHz bands respectively. The room temperature test values of the bowtie beams show that the RL values resulted from electromagnetic parameters are agreeable with the test values.

The composites were prepared by solution blending method using PVB as substrate and carbon nanotubes and boron nitride as fillers. Artificial ultraviolet irradiation experiments were carried out based on three influencing factors: wavelength range, irradiation time and irradiation intensity. The thermal diffusivity of the composites at different wavelengths, irradiation times and irradiation intensities was measured by transient electrocalorimetric technique. The results show that the boron nitride/carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl butyral) composites are more sensitive to the light rays at a wavelength of 340 nm, and with the increase of irradiation time or intensity, the internal structure of the material will be fractured and degraded, resulting in a continuous decrease in its thermal diffusivity.

NiTi based memory alloys have a narrow super-elastic temperature range (<100 ℃), which limits their application range. In this paper, nanocrystalline (NC) Ni₅₁Ti₄₉V₁ (at.%) alloy wire was prepared by Ni-V co-doped NiTi through vacuum induction melting, forging, large deformation wire drawing and low temperature annealing. The microstructure of the sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the superelasticity of the sample was characterized by universal tensile testing machine. The results showed that Ni₅₁Ti₄₉V₁ alloy consists of nanocrystalline with an average grain size of 13 nm. Tensile tests at different temperatures showed that the alloy exhibited excellent superelasticity in a wide temperature range from -40 ℃ to 100 ℃, and the superelastic temperature range was wider than that of NC NiTi alloy (25-100 ℃). In addition, the temperature dependence of the critical stress of the B2→B19′ transformation (dσ/dT) decreased from 5.6 MPa/℃ to 1.8 MPa/℃ with decreasing temperature.

Ti-Mn based AB₂ Laves phase alloy has the advantages of acceptable hydrogen storage capacity (about 2wt%) at room temperature, good hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics, good cycling performance, easy activation and low cost. The results show that TiMn₂ has the best hydrogen storage performance for homogeneous single phase. However, there are also some problems, such as weak cycle stability, large slope of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation platform, and serious hysteresis of hydrogen absorption and desorption. From many research and practical application requirements, element substitution is still the main method to improve the hydrogen storage properties of alloys. Among them, the addition of V can increase the position of hydrogen gap and effectively reduce the platform pressure without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, based on the phase structure of Ti-V-Mn-based hydrogen storage alloy, this paper describes the changes of C14 Laves phase and body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and the correlation between them, and systematically summarizes the effects of element addition or substitution, preparation process and heat treatment process on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti-V-Mn based alloy.