Using solid waste concrete with primary strength of C30 as recycled coarse aggregate, 50% iron tail sand was used to replace natural river sand, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selected as nano-reinforced materials to prepare carbon nanotube modified iron tail sand reclaimed aggregate concrete. Through mechanical properties, water absorption, SEM (electron scanning microscope) and other characterization tests, the effects of carbon nanotube content and recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate on concrete properties were investigated. The test results show that CNTs were incorporated directly into the concrete mixing process,resulting in concrete with compressive,flexural,and splitting tensile strengths that exhibited a parabolic trend,initially increasing and then decreasing as they cure over time. When the amount of CNTs added 01%,the flexural strength and compressive strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reach the relatively highest values. The splitting tensile strength of recycled concrete containing iron tailings reache the highest value when 0.15% of CNTs added. The SEM test showed that appropriate CNTs could change the micro-interface structure of concrete, accelerate the early hydration process, and reduce the slump degree of concrete mixture. CNTs, as the nucleation site of cement hydration reaction, increased the reaction rate of cement in the hydration process. Combined with mesh filling and bridging, the toughness of the concrete was significantly improved, while the pore distribution optimized to form a higher density matrix.When using carbon nanotubes to enhance recycled coarse aggregates,the content of carbon nanotubes should not exceed 0.20% (mass fraction). Excessive CNTs content would cause the matrix to reunite, forming loose weak areas, which in the deterioration of the performance of the concrete.The prediction formula of compressive strength of solid waste concrete was established, and the feasibility of the formula was verified, which provided different methods for the numerical simulation of carbon nanotube modified solid waste concrete.

Ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials, with ultra-high ionic Seebeck coefficients, have captured considerable attention in recent years. Diverging from conventional electronic thermoelectric materials, iTE materials leverage ions as charge carriers, with ion-conducting gels emerging as promising contenders due to their exceptional iTE properties and flexible stretchability. This paper reviews the current state of research on gel-based iTE materials. The factors affecting the thermoelectric properties of gel-based iTE materials have been analysed in depth by examining the two main working mechanisms of iTE, i.e. thermodiffusion effect and thermogalvanic effect. We elucidate strategies for enhancing the performance of gel-based iTE materials. The applications of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials are meticulously outlined, alongside a discussion on the challenges hindering the further advancement of these materials. By spotlighting the latest innovations in the realm of ionic thermoelectric materials, we aspire for this review to serve as a pivotal reference for the future progression of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials.

Because of its excellent biochemical and mechanical properties, hydrogels are widely used in the fields of drought resistance, fresh-keeping, moisture regulation, etc., and also have outstanding advantages in the field of wound dressings. Because of its good hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and three-dimensional porous structure similar to extracellular matrix, the research of hydrogel dressings has attracted much attention, and has gradually become functional and even intelligent. However, there is still lack of systematic elaboration on functional hydrogel dressings. This paper introduces different types of functional hydrogel dressings, puts forward the challenges faced by hydrogel dressings in the process of research and application, and looks forward to the development prospects of functional hydrogel dressings in the future.

In recent years, high entropy oxides, which are composed of five or more metallic elements in equimolar or near-equimolar highly dispersed and disordered structures, have received extensive attention. The high entropy oxides including rock salt, spinel, perovskite and fluorite, have good application prospects in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, absorption and heat insulation. In this paper, the recent advances in the preparation method of high entropy oxides including solid phase reaction, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, solution combustion synthesis and laser method are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in detail. On this basis, various modification strategies of high entropy oxides are summarized. The problems in the synthesis of high entropy oxides are presented, and the future development trend of high entropy oxides is prospected.

Heavy metal contamination of environmental waters poses a serious threat to the ecological balance and human health. Therefore, the development of composite materials with highly efficient heavy metals adsorption capabilities is of crucial significance. In this study, the iron-manganese oxides modified biochar (FM-BCs) composite materials were prepared by the use of bone powder and Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ in different molar ratios (4∶1, 2∶1, 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶4) as raw materials. The results show that iron-manganese modification alters the material's pore ∶structure and introduces Fe-O and Mn-O characteristic functional groups on the surface of the biochar. The molar ratio of KMnO₄ to Fe(NO₃)₃ in the composition of the prepared raw materials significantly influences the adsorption capacity of the FM-BCs composite material for heavy metal ions. In particular, the composite material prepared under the condition that the molar ratio of Fe(NO₃)₃ and KMnO₄ is 1∶4 (F₁M₄-BC )has the best adsorption capacity for heavy metals. Through the study of adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms, it was found that FM-BCs predominantly undergo single layer adsorption and chemical adsorption processes for Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions in aqueous solutions. Specifically, the Langmuir model fitting for F₁M₄-BC demonstrated maximum adsorption capacities of 192.73 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ) and 427.00 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ). This research results provide a fundamental scientific basis and technical support for the development of efficient remedial materials for the removal of heavy metals from water.

UV-curable coatings are environmentally friendly coatings with the advantages of rapid curing and film formation. Herein, we reported an UV-curable polyurethane oligomer based on soft segment of polycarbonate diol and carbon-carbon double bond as end group. The photocurable flexible polyurethane was prepared by combining the oligomer with several active acrylate monomers, and the properties of the coatings after curing with different formulations were studied. The results showed that addition of an additional 15wt% polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate to a coating containing 55wt% polyurethane prepolymer resulted in a film with good flexibility and adhesion, and good performance. After the aging test, it could still maintain good adhesion force with the polycarbonate substrate.

Environmental pollution is an important problem that needs to be solved in the process of industrial production. We synthesized g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst by biological template method, which showed better photocatalytic performance than pure TiO₂ water solution in the process of degrading MO wastewater. The Yeast as soft biological template provided the materials with a porous structure and a large specific surface area, which increased the reactive sites in the aqueous solution and respectively, the g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ heterojunction structure acted as an electron transfer channel. light conditions, by the influence of internal electric field and Coulomb force, relatively useless electron-hole pairs got recombination and supreme redox ability electron-hole pairs are retained, respectively the retained electron-hole pairs provied the materials with the strongest redox capacity. XPS analysis verified that the direction of electron transfer was from g-C₃N₄ to TiO₂ The radical trapping experiment revealed that ·OH and O^-₂ molecules appeared around the composites, which were the main active ingredient in the photocatalytic degradation process. Therefore, the g-C₃N₄/TiO₂ composites prepared by the biotemplate and calcination method are promising photocatalysts for degrading organic dye wastewater.

As an emerging surface coating modification technology, laser cladding plays a vital role in the preparation of surface strengthening coatings and material modification. Cladding powder material is one of the key factors determining the performance of cladding layer, and has become the focus of laser cladding technology research. This paper first introduces the core principle of laser cladding technology, then elaborates the characteristics and research progress of cladding materials such as metal powder, ceramic powder and composite powder, and finally looks forward to the future development direction of laser cladding powder materials.

Cu alloys have been widely used in construction, marine and power engineering fields due to their excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. However, the corrosion resistance requirements of Cu alloys in some high-tech fields are constantly improving, with the complexity of application scenarios and the diversification of influencing factors. Therefore, this paper analyzed the research status of corrosion resistance of Cu alloys at home and abroad; summarized the main methods for improving the corrosion resistance of Cu alloys, such as surface treatment, heat treatment and multi-element alloying; investigated the effects of these methods on the grain size, corrosion products, phase transformation, and crystal defects of Cu alloys, as well as the mechanisms of improving corrosion resistance; envisioned the future direction of corrosion resistance research on Cu alloys.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials show great potential in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique pore structure and easily regulatable chemical properties. As a photocatalytic material, zeolite imidazole skeleton material (ZIF-8) faces the serious problem of light absorption. In view of the difficulties existing in the application of ZIF-8 at the present stage, the functional modification method is used to improve the band gap of ZIF-8, so as to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8. ZIF-8 modified with 2,2′-bipyridine (2-BP) exhibits the strongest photocatalytic activity, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency is about 910.14 μmol/g/h, which is 7.3 times than that of unmodified ZIF-8.

The expansion and contraction of material caused by the change of ambient temperature is a common problem for precision instruments, optical components, aerospace equipment, etc. Due to the low coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 2.0 ppm/℃ at Curie temperature of 230 ℃ or below, Invar alloys have extremely high dimensional stability, and this unique property makes Invar alloys have an excellent advantage in the field of high-precision and high-stability dimensional change. However, combined with the actual working conditions and specific application environments, Invar alloys need to have other functions, such as high strength, magnetism, damping, etc., under the condition of low expansion characteristics, in order to meet the diversified needs for material properties in different fields. In order to promote the in-depth study of Invar alloys, this paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the research progress of Invalid alloys, focusing on the six aspects of the strengthening pathways of Invar alloys, namely, precipitation strengthening, deformation strengthening, magnetism, damping, electrodeposition, and additive manufacturing, and puts forward some opinions on the direction of its development in the hope of providing a certain reference value for the future optimization of Invar alloy properties.

Taking Sb₂Te₃ as the research object, Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ powder was prepared by hydrothermal method by doping Bi element, and Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film was prepared by high vacuum thermal evaporation coating method on a glass slide substrate. The lattice structure, microstructure and elemental composition of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, etc. The influence of Bi proportion on the thermoelectric properties of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films was tested using the electrical performance testing system ZEM-3. The results showed that Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ had a diamond shaped structure, with irregular morphology of particles and layers. After doping with Bi³⁺, it would replace the position of Sb³⁺. The conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film showed a trend of first decreasing and then slightly increasing with the increase of temperature. With the increased of Bi doping amount, the conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film first increased and then decreased, and the Seebeck coefficient continued to increase. At 300 K, the highest conductivity of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ film was 3 015 S/cm. The total thermal conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first decreased and then increased with the increase of temperature, and continuously decreased with the increase of Bi doping amount. The highest thermal conductivity of Sb₂Te₃ at 300 K was 1.61 W/(m·K)., the power factor of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first increased and then decreased. The power factor of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ thin film reached its maximum value of 16.2 μW/(cm·K²) at 300 K, indicated that Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ composite thermoelectric material can generate a larger thermoelectric voltage and achieve higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency under a given temperature difference.

Permanent magnetic materials play an important role in modern industry and technology. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in predicting and optimizing the preparation and application of permanent magnetic materials using machine learning methods. This paper comprehensively reviews the application of machine learning in research on permanent magnetic materials, introduces the learning process of machine learning and commonly used machine learning algorithms, and summarizes the research progress of machine learning technology in microstructure optimization and characterization analysis, magnetic properties prediction and component optimization, exploring new materials.This paper raises the issues faced by machine learning in the field of permanent magnet materials, including high data dimension, limited sample size, large noise interference, and more missing values. In future research, new algorithms and optimization strategies should be deeply studied and explored, the scale of the dataset should be expanded, and intelligent experimental techniques should be combined to accelerate the research and development and improvement of permanent magnet materials.

In order to study the frost resistance and strength regulation of desert sand concrete (DSC) subjected to sulphate freeze-thaw cycle, the freeze-thaw cycle test of DSC was carried out with three kinds of sulphate solutions (3%, 5% and 7% Na₂SO₄) as freezing and thawing medium. The apparent characteristics, mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, corrosion resistance coefficient and ultrasonic velocity loss rate of DSC after exposure to sulphate freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed. A prediction model for the strength of desert sand concrete after sulphate freeze-thawing was established on the basis of GM (1, 1) model. Experimental results showed that with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate and ultrasonic velocity loss rate increased, but the corrosion coefficient and relative dynamic modulus decreased. When desert sand replacement rate (DSRR) increased from 0 to 40%, concrete showed better frost resistance. When the DSRR was above 60%, the incorporation of excess desert sand had adversely effect on the frost resistance. Excessive larger mass fraction of sulphate solution exacerbated the failure process of DSC and reduced significantly the predicted service life of DSC. The average relative errors of the predicated results from GM (1, 1) model were less than 2% with high prediction accuracy. Research results provided references for the assessment of the predicted service life of concrete structure under the action of sulphate freeze-thawing in Northwest China.

With the widespread use of integrated and miniaturized high-performance equipment, the strong vibration and noise produced by these equipment in the process of operation have brought a series of environmental and health problems to human beings. It is an effective way to solve the problem of vibration and noise by using damping materials to transform part of the kinetic energy generated by vibration into heat energy or other forms of energy dissipation. Silicone rubber material has excellent viscoelasticity, and its main chain Si-O bond energy is large. These characteristics give it stable and reliable mechanical properties in a wide temperature range (-50-200 ℃). Hence Silicone rubber material often used as vibration and noise reduction materials in aerospace, medical equipment, automotive light industry, electronics and electrical appliances and other fields. However, the high damping temperature domain of silicone rubber is usually around its glass transition temperature (T_g, -120--70 ℃). The damping performance is relatively poor at room temperature and high temperature, and the effective damping temperature domain is narrow, which is difficult to apply to the actual work requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to modify silicone rubber to enhance and improve its damping performance and broaden its effective damping temperature domain.

This review provided a concise overview of the state of copper-titanium alloys, with a focus on the preparation techniques based on vacuum melting and powder metallurgy. The phase transformation process and strengthening mechanisms during solution aging of copper-titanium alloys were discussed in detail. The principles of strengthening through rolling processes were also introduced. The relationship between aging processes, deformation strengthening techniques, and their impact on performance was summarized. Additionally, the influence of third elements on the properties of copper-titanium alloys was described, including the mechanisms by which certain elements affected performance. The paper concluded with an introduction to the latest advancements in optimizing the properties of copper-titanium alloys.

With the development of science and technology, the use of portable electronic equipment is becoming more and more extensive, and it is inevitable to produce a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in its surrounding environment, and it is urgent to develop electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and optimize their performance, which can not only protect the human body from electromagnetic wave interference, but also reduce the secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves, which has important research significance in civil and military affairs. The two-dimensional nanomaterial Mxene has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and good chemical activity, and has great application prospects in the field of electromagnetic protection. Carbon-based materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, etc., are widely used for electromagnetic interference protection because of their good thermal/electrical properties. In this paper, the research progress of Mxene/carbon matrix composites in the field of wave absorption is reviewed, and the loss mechanism of Mxene/carbon matrix composites absorbers is introduced in detail, and its structure is analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of Mxene/carbon-based composite absorber is prospected in terms of preparation, structure and multi-function.

Ti-Mn based AB₂ Laves phase alloy has the advantages of acceptable hydrogen storage capacity (about 2wt%) at room temperature, good hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics, good cycling performance, easy activation and low cost. The results show that TiMn₂ has the best hydrogen storage performance for homogeneous single phase. However, there are also some problems, such as weak cycle stability, large slope of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation platform, and serious hysteresis of hydrogen absorption and desorption. From many research and practical application requirements, element substitution is still the main method to improve the hydrogen storage properties of alloys. Among them, the addition of V can increase the position of hydrogen gap and effectively reduce the platform pressure without reducing the hydrogen storage capacity. Therefore, based on the phase structure of Ti-V-Mn-based hydrogen storage alloy, this paper describes the changes of C14 Laves phase and body-centered cubic (BCC) phase and the correlation between them, and systematically summarizes the effects of element addition or substitution, preparation process and heat treatment process on the hydrogen storage properties of Ti-V-Mn based alloy.

With the development of technology, the application of a large number of electronic devices has led to a sudden increase in electromagnetic radiation risks, posing a threat to information security, military security, and ecological security. Building absorbing materials can effectively reduce electromagnetic radiation hazards and are of great significance for the sustainable development of ecological civilization. This article takes cement-based absorbing materials as an example to summarize the current development status and research shortcomings of cement-based absorbing materials from the perspectives of the loss mechanism of electromagnetic waves by absorbing agents (resistance type, dielectric type, magnetic loss type) and the structure of cement matrix (layered, periodic, porous). It also looks forward to the future development direction of such materials, providing reference for the development of ideal absorbers.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework materials (ZIFs) have demonstrated considerable promise in the field of CO₂ adsorption and separation as a highly porous class of materials characterized by their high specific surface area, porosity and stable pore structure. In order to improve the CO₂ adsorption capabilities of ZIFs, a dual approach involving pre-synthetic and post-synthetic functionalization was implemented. A one-pot synthesis method at ambient temperature was utilized to produce hollow bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework materials (Co/Zn-ZIF). Following this, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) was employed as a post-synthetic functionalization modifier through impregnation to synthesize TEPA@Co/Zn-ZIF, which was utilized for CO₂ adsorption and circular experimentation. Comparative analysis of TEPA@Co/Zn-ZIF with ZIF-8 and Co/Zn-ZIF was carried out using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and other analytical techniques. The results of the adsorption experiments indicated that the modified material displayed a significantly increased CO₂ adsorption capacity of 2.53 mmol/g, representing a 60% improvement over ZIF-8 and a 33% improvement over Co/Zn-ZIF. This enhancement can be attributed to the improved electrostatic interaction between the active metal centers and CO₂ following metal doping, as well as the chemisorption resulting from the acid-base reaction of -NH₂ with CO₂. Additionally, TEPA@Co/Zn-ZIF maintained a satisfactory adsorption effect of 1.99 mmol/g even after undergoing five cycles.

Hydrogen energy has become a strategic energy source for the primary development of major countries in the world, and the main methods of hydrogen production are hydrogen production from fossil energy, hydrogen production from industrial by-products and hydrogen production from electrolyzed water, among which hydrogen production from water electrolysis by proton exchange membrane (PEM) has a sizable future prospect for the development of hydrogen energy due to the advantages of zero-carbon emission and high purity of hydrogen production. Acidic oxygen precipitation reaction (OER) as the anode reaction of PEM, is one of the main reasons limiting the development of PEM due to its complex four-electron transfer process. To date, various electrocatalysts for acidic OER have been extensively studied, but iridium-based materials are still the most advanced acidic OER electrocatalysts due to their superior oxygen precipitation catalytic performance and effective improvement of water electrolysis efficiency. Therefore, the development of high-performance and low-cost iridium-based catalysts has become an important technology to promote the development of PEM. This paper reviews the classical adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and summarizes the development and optimization strategies of different iridium-based catalysts. Finally, an outlook on the future development direction of iridium-based catalysts in acidic OER is provided.

Aluminum-tungsten composites, as high-performance lightweight structural materials with good overall mechanics and excellent gamma-ray shielding properties, have received wide attention and applications in the nuclear industry, aerospace field, etc. This paper describes the preparation pathway of high-performance aluminum-tungsten composites, interfacial reaction, mechanical properties of influencing factors, shielding properties as well as aluminum-tungsten composites in the aerospace, electronic communications, nuclear field, etc., analyzes the shortcomings of aluminum-tungsten composites, and provides references for the preparation of high-performance aluminum-tungsten products.

The effect of reverse average current density on the structure and properties of bidirectional pulse electrodeposited nickel coating was studied, and the process parameters were optimized to improve the performance of the coating. The coating was prepared by bidirectional pulse electroplating process. The JSM-7500F scanning electron microscope, XRD-6100 X-ray diffractometer, ML-100 abrasive wear tester and CHI660E electrochemical workstation were used to study the effect of reverse average current density on the surface morphology, phase structure, plating speed and hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of nickel coating. In the appropriate range, with the increase of the reverse average current density, the cleanliness of the micro surface of the nickel plating layer increases first and then decreases, and the deposition rate of the nickel plating layer shows a decreasing trend. The surface hardness of the nickel coating increases first and then decreases, and the wear weight loss ratio of the nickel coating decreases first and then increases. With the increase of reverse average current density, the preferred growth orientation of nickel crystal is optimized, and the grain refinement of nickel plating layer is promoted. When the reverse average current density is -1.4 A/dm², the microhardness reaches a maximum of 525.8 Hv_0.1, and the wear weight loss ratio is a minimum of 9.208%. When the reverse average current density is -1.4 A/dm², the self-corrosion current density of the coating in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is reduced by an order of magnitude (5.732×10^-6 A/cm²), with the highest self-corrosion potential (-0.173 V), and the largest charge transfer resistance, showing the best corrosion resistance. When the double pulse electrodeposition technology is used to prepare the coating layer on the surface of the metal matrix material, the surface hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance can be effectively improved by properly increasing the reverse average current density.

NiTi based memory alloys have a narrow super-elastic temperature range (<100 ℃), which limits their application range. In this paper, nanocrystalline (NC) Ni₅₁Ti₄₉V₁ (at.%) alloy wire was prepared by Ni-V co-doped NiTi through vacuum induction melting, forging, large deformation wire drawing and low temperature annealing. The microstructure of the sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the superelasticity of the sample was characterized by universal tensile testing machine. The results showed that Ni₅₁Ti₄₉V₁ alloy consists of nanocrystalline with an average grain size of 13 nm. Tensile tests at different temperatures showed that the alloy exhibited excellent superelasticity in a wide temperature range from -40 ℃ to 100 ℃, and the superelastic temperature range was wider than that of NC NiTi alloy (25-100 ℃). In addition, the temperature dependence of the critical stress of the B2→B19′ transformation (dσ/dT) decreased from 5.6 MPa/℃ to 1.8 MPa/℃ with decreasing temperature.

Mesoporous micron-SiO₂ have a wide range of applications in industrial fields such as adsorption, electronics and cosmetics due to their good monodisperse, large specific surface areas and light diffuse reflection, while the preparation of SiO₂ microspheres larger than 20 μm remains great challenges. Monodispersed SiO₂ microspheres with an average size of 41.8 μm were successfully prepared by Pickering emulsion method with SiO₂ as emulsifier synthesized by optimizing the water-ethanol ratio of Stöber method followed by hydrophobic modification. SEM images showed that micron-SiO₂ have cracks on the surface and are filled with a large number of porous nano-SiO₂ spheres inside. Nitrogen absorption-desorption isotherms demonstrated their mesoporous structures and the surface area of broken microspheres increased to 369.47 m²/g after calcination at 550 ℃. Mesoporous SiO₂ exhibited selective adsorption of different types of dyes before and after calcination. Compared with Ni/Fe metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), mesoporous SiO₂ (after calcination) composite with Ni/Fe-MOFs as modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of dopamine displayed good anti-interference ability and electrochemical properties with the oxidation peak current increased by 561.3%, the sensitivity increased by 51.0%, and the detection limit of 0.08 μmol/L increased remarkably by 1172.9%.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) has been regarded as an emerging artificial nitrogen fixation process, due to the mild reaction conditions and strong adaptability to renewable energy. However, the applied potential of the ENRR is close to that of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), resulting in a decrease in the selectivity of the nitrogen reduction reaction. In this paper, the hydrophobic modification of the nanoporous FeNbMoP electrocatalyst was carried out by coating n-octadecyl mercaptan, which inhibits the HER, increases the contact between nitrogen molecules and the active site on the catalyst, thereby the ammonia yield and Faraday efficiency is improved. The ammonia yield of the modified ENRR catalyst is 15.45 μg/(h·cm²) with the Faraday efficiency of 6.28%, which shows a significant improvement in performance compared with the unmodified FeNbMoP catalyst. This method may provide a new insight for the rational design of nitrogen reduction catalysts.

With the high-density integration and lightweight of electronic components, polyimide-based graphite film has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent thermal conductivity. In this study, 4,4,-diaminodiphenyl ether and trimthalic acid dianhydride were used as monomers for copolymerization, and calcium phosphate was used as a chemical imidification reagent. The effect of chemical imitization reagent addition on the properties of polyimide (PI) film was studied. The results show that the microscopic morphology of the PI film prepared by chemical imidization method is smoother, denser and orderly, with higher graphitization degree, larger grain size and smaller lattice defects. When the calcium phosphate addition is 0.1%, the tensile strength of PI film reaches 98.42 MPa and the thermal conductivity of graphite film can reach 1 623.9 W·m^-1·K^-1. In the process of simulating heat dissipation testing, the surface temperature of graphite film can be rapidly cooled from 60 ℃ to 24 ℃ in just 60 seconds, which has great potential for application in modern integrated advanced electronic components and high-end electronic products and other thermal management fields.

Liquid-like functionalized coatings are highly flexible dynamic polymer molecular brushes covalently grafted on a solid substrate. Due to its extremely low glass transition temperature, usually below -100 ℃, it can rotate and move freely in air, exhibiting highly dynamic properties of fluids, showing low adhesion and easy sliding properties to various surface tension liquids, and exhibiting extremely low contact angle hysteresis. We introduced the preparation method of liquid-like dynamic molecular chains, the antifouling mechanism of liquid-like functionalized coatings and their antifouling applications in different fields, as well as their future prospects.

The plastic deformation of NiTi-based alloys primarily involves the competition between stress-induced martensitic transformation and dislocation plasticity. To widen the superelastic temperature range and reduce residual strain, it is often imperative to increase the critical stress for dislocation slip to surpass the critical stress for transformation. Grain refinement is a conventional method to inhibit dislocation slip. However, it also constrains transformation, leading to a simultaneous increase in both critical stresses. Currently, the relative sensitivity of grain size dependence on the critical stresses of transformation and dislocation slip remains unclear. In this paper, Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ (at%) alloy wires with different grain sizes were fabricated by melting, forging, wire drawing and crystallization annealing. The superelastic and plastic deformation behaviors of the Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ alloy were characterized using variable-temperature tensile tests. The results show that the critical stresses of transformation and dislocation slip of the Ni₅₁Ti₄₇Nb₂ alloy both exhibit Hall-Petch type grain size dependence, meaning that the critical stress is proportional to the square root of the grain size. As the grain size decreases, the critical stress for dislocation slip increases much faster than that for transformation, thus ensuring that grain refinement is an effective method to enhance superelasticity.

With the continuous increase of power demand, the system operation of high-voltage power grid and ultra-high-voltage power grid needs to be guaranteed, and the breaking life of high-voltage circuit breaker has become an important factor in the safe operation of high-voltage and higher voltage network lines. In the process of electric contact breaking off at high voltage, due to the breakdown discharge and arcing ablation, the surface of electric contact will produce material transfer, which will lead to the failure of electric contact after many times of accumulation, thus resulting in potential safety hazard. It is very important to improve the ablative resistance of electrical contacts, but the evaluation of ablative performance still depends on expensive type test. In this paper, the preparation and properties of graphene/CuW alloy and the physical process of breaking high-voltage electrical contact are investigated. Then, a high-voltage ablation simulation model of electrical contacts was established by using the modified CuW contact material doped with graphene. It was found that the distribution of graphene in CuW was uniform, and the density and mechanical properties of CuW were improved, so that the electrical contact had better mechanical and electrical properties. The temperature distribution of electric contact under arc erosion is obtained by theoretical simulation and simulation model calculation of high voltage ablation process of electric contact. By comparing the temperature distribution of the electric contact under arc erosion between the graphite modified CuW and the traditional CuW, it is found that the graphite modified CuW has stronger resistance to electric erosion. In this paper, the strengthening mechanism of graphene in CuW alloy is explained, and the theoretical and simulation guidance for further research and development of graphene-doped CuW contact is provided.

In this paper, stearic acid phase change emulsions were developed for heat storage and transport. Non-ionic surfactant Brijs was mixed with three types of surfactants including cationic surfactant CTAB, anionic surfactant SDS and SDBS, and non-ionic surfactant Tween 40 and Tween 60. The stearate acid phase change nanoemulsions were prepared by phase inversion emulsification method. After preparation parameters optimization, stable nanoemulsions with an average droplet size of less than 100 nm and dispersed phase content up to 30wt% were successfully prepared. The nanoemulsion showed good mobility and good stability under long storage conditions and 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

Four different lengths (3, 6, 9, and 12 mm) of chopped basalt fibers were added to concrete, and the doping amount of the fibers was fixed. The influence of the length of chopped basalt fibers on the mechanical properties, microstructure, pore structure, and frost resistance of concrete was studied. The results indicated that chopped fibers had a relatively small inhibitory effect on the fluidity of concrete, and fibers with a length exceeding 6 mm were prone to aggregate and form fiber bundles in concrete, thereby reducing the fluidity of concrete and weakening the toughening effect of fibers on concrete. The compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete specimens doped with 6 mm fibers reached their maximum values, 46.8 and 8.8 MPa, respectively, exhibiting greater ductility and toughness. When the number of rapid freeze-thaw cycles reached 100, the quality loss rate of concrete doped with 6 mm fibers was the lowest, only 0.29%, and the relative dynamic elastic modulus was as high as 86.94%. Through CT scanning analysis, it was found that the minimum porosity of concrete doped with 6 mm fibers was only 0.62%, and the minimum average pore volume was 0.332 mm³. Overall, it can be concluded that basalt fibers with a length of 6 mm have the greatest effect on improving the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete.

Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is formed by condensation of n-butyral and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which is an important polymer material in industry. It has the characteristics of water resistance, heat resistance, good film formation and high transparency, and can be widely used in many fields such as automotive glass interlayer, adhesive, photovoltaic cell film, protective film and so on. With the continuous improvement of production and living needs, people's research on the modification of functional PVB resin has never stopped. This paper summarizes the research on the functional modification of PVB resin from six different application aspects, including anti-ultraviolet, thermal conductivity, waterproof and oil resistance, anti-fouling and antibacterial, anti-corrosion and self-healing. The latest research progress of functionally-modified PVB resin in recent years is reviewed. Finally, the existing problems in this field are pointed out, and the future research direction of this material is prospected, which should continue to develop in the direction of economy, multi-function and environmental protection.

The rapid developments of new energy vehicles and smart grids have driven the innovation of battery energy storage technology. Tin dioxide is considered as a potential alternative to traditional graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity and abundant reserves. However, the commercial application of tin dioxide is limited by its low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), short cycle life and poor electrical conductivity. In this paper, we focus on the performance drawbacks of tin dioxide for electrochemical lithium storage, and introduce the modification strategies of tin dioxide anode materials and their research progress. Furthermore, we prospect the application of tin dioxide in the field of lithium-ion batteries.

The density of the indium tin oxide (ITO) target depends on the sintering activity of the indium tin hydroxide powder, which is influenced by its structure and composition. However, the influence of the calcination temperature on the structure and properties of the ITO target is still unknown. In this work, the role of temperature on the structure of indium tin hydroxide powder and the sinter densification of ITO powder during the calcination of indium tin hydroxide powder was exposed. The XRD analysis showed that as the calcination temperature and/or time increased, the crystal size of the ITO powder increased. The ITO precursor powder calcined at 750 ℃ for 2 hours had a large specific surface area and high surface metal content, resulting in the prepared ITO target having a relatively high specific gravity, lower resistivity and a compact cross-sectional structure with few internal parts pores. The relationship between the calcination temperature of the precursor powder and the structural properties of the ITO target illustrated that the calcination temperature directly affected the cubic crystal formation of indium tin hydroxide powder. The structure of the produced ITO powder (specific surface area, composition of surface elements, particle size, etc.) was then changed. Finally, this result influence the density of the formed embryo and determineld the sintering density and electrical conductivity of the ITO target.

The increasing amount of nuclear wastewater poses a potential threat to human health and the ecosystem, and the effective removal of nuclides in nuclear wastewater has become an important task. In recent years, the research of graphene oxide (GO) and its composites in the field of radioactive wastewater treatment has become a hot spot. In this paper, the research progress of GO, nitrogen functionalized GO, phosphorus functionalized GO, GO/metal oxide composites, GO/MOFs composites and GO/CNTs composites in the removal of typical radionuclides such as uranium, strontium and cesium from radioactive wastewater in recent years was reviewed and the future research work was also prospected.

The electrode and separator biomimetic materials for lithium-ion batteries demonstrate the great potential for enhancing battery electrochemical performance due to their unique structures and outstanding capabilities. Despite the theoretical and technological exploration stage of biomimetic materials, this work reviews the progress and research trends in the application of biomimetic materials in the anode, cathode, and separator of lithium-ion batteries. The biomimetic materials possess distinctive properties, such as porosity, micro/nano-scale features, cross-linked networks, and self-assembly characteristics. These structural features not only provide additional storage space for lithium ions and enhance their migration rate but also effectively prevent the aggregation of nanometer-sized particles, thus mitigating the volume expansion of electrode during charge and discharge processes. Future research trends encompass the design of refined synthetic processes, the application of micro-nano manufacturing technologies, the development of active components in biomimetic materials, and the improvement of commercial utilization rates. The efforts in these areas are expected to propel the advancement of biomimetic materials for lithium-ion batteries, which in turn opens up new avenue for the battery technology.

LiCoO₂ has excellent volumetric energy density as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its structural stability is poor under high voltage conditions, which leads to the performance degradation of LiCoO₂. Rare earth element doping is an effective means to improve the performance of LiCoO₂, but the doping modification mechanism needs to be further clarified at the atomic and electronic scale levels. In this paper, the mechanism of the effect of Ce doping on the electronic structure and Li⁺ migration properties of LiCoO₂ is investigated using a first-principle calculation method. The results show that Ce doping significantly enlarges the cell volume, reduces the charge density within the cell, decreases the strength of interactions, and makes the cell more stable. LiCoO₂ changes from semiconductor properties to metallic properties after Ce doping, which increases the carrier density and improves the electrical conductivity of the material. After Ce doping, the migration barrier of Li⁺ is reduced by 93.12% compared to pure. This is mainly due to the increased thickness of the Li layer caused by Ce doping, which makes it easier for lithium ion migration to occur, thus enhancing the power density and cycle life of the battery.

In recent years, p-type transparent conducting non-oxide materials have attracted extensive attention from many researchers. In this paper,based on the first principles of density functional theory, the geometric structure of hexagonal non-oxide CaCuCh (Ch=N, P, As, Sb, Bi) are optimized, and its electronic structure and optical properties are calculated and analyzed. The calculated results show that CaCuP, CaCuAs and CaCuSb belong to indirect bandgap semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.155, 0.247 and 0.065 eV, respectively, while the energy bands of CaCuN and CaCuBi pass through the Fermi surface and exhibit metallic properties. The analysis of state density shows that the conduction band is mainly composed of Ca-4s and Ch-p states, and the valence band near the Fermi plane is mainly composed of Cu-3d states, and Ch-p states are hybrid. Finally, the optical properties of hexagon CaCuCh in the direction of (100) and (001) with the change of photon energy are obtained, including complex dielectric function, complex refractive index, reflection spectrum, absorption spectrum, loss function and photoconductivity spectrum. The results show that hexagonal CaCuCh has optical anisotropy in (100) and (001) directions, which provides a theoretical basis for the application of hexagonal CaCuCh.

The semiconductor single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) bound by the conjugated polymers (CPs) can act as channels in thin-film transistors (TFTs) with high charge mobility and good photoelectric response property, which shows huge utilization potential in artificial intelligence. Two CPs of 10Th-oCz-2,7-PM15 and 10Th-oCz-3,6-PM15 based on dibenzophenazine derivatives with different chain configuration were constructed by changing joining site between dibenzophenazine derivatives and carbazole. Among them, the 10Th-oCz-2,7-PM15 shows better effect of binding to s-SWCNT, owing to its planar conjugated configuration. Moreover, the TFT based on s-SWCNT bound by 10Th-oCz-2,7-PM15 presents better performance, for example, higher charge mobility of 10.58 cm²/V·s and bigger on/off ratio of 10⁶. In conclusion, the configuration of CPs can influence the performance of TFT based on s-SWCNT bound by CPs eventually.