High-nickel ternary cathode materials have received extensive attention from researchers due to their advantages, including high energy density, high voltage plateau, and non-memory effect. However, limited by its deficiencies such as poor cycling stability, cations disordering, and poor thermal stability, there remains necessity for extensive and comprehensive research on high-nickel ternary cathodes. This paper focuses on the deficiencies of high nickel ternary cathode materials, and summarized recent advances in modification approaches, encompassing ions doping, surface coating, concentration gradient, co-modification, electrolyte modification and structure regulation in recent years, while also discussing and providing prospects for future research directions.

Nano-ceramic coating is a kind of ceramic coating obtained by different nano-toughening methods and preparation processes. The introduction of nano-structure can improve the brittleness of ceramic coating to a certain extent. The common toughening methods and toughening mechanism of nanostructured ceramic coatings are introduced, including whisker toughening, nanowire toughening, carbon nanotube toughening, nanoparticle toughening, nano-multilayer film toughening, nano-superlattice toughening and bionic structure toughening. The main preparation processes of nanostructured toughening ceramic coatings in recent years are briefly described. The main methods are sol-gel method, vapor deposition method, thermal spraying technology (such as plasma spraying, supersonic spraying) and magnetron sputtering. Finally, the problems and challenges in the preparation of different nano-toughened ceramic coatings are summarized, and the research direction and application prospect of nano-toughened ceramic coatings are prospected.

In recent years, photocatalytic technology(PEC) has attracted much attention due to its integration of the advantages of electrochemistry and photocatalytic technology. This technology not only shows excellent catalytic performance, but also solves the problem that the traditional powder photocatalyst is difficult to separate and recycle. The substrate material of photoelectrode is the core of PEC technology, which significantly affects the efficiency of electron transfer, the recombination rate of photogenerated carrier and the stability of photoelectrode. Although PEC technology has made many achievements, the research progress of photoelectrode substrate materials has not been fully reported. In view of this, this paper aims to systematically classify the substrate materials of photoelectrode, including metals, conductive glass, carbon-based materials and other emerging materials, and review the recent research progress on these materials. The preparation method, performance and mechanism of photoelectrode are discussed in detail in order to provide readers with a comprehensive and in-depth understanding. At the same time, we also put forward some suggestions on the future research direction of optical electrode substrate materials, hoping to provide useful reference for the further development of this field.

Diamond/aluminum composites have the advantages of high thermal conductivity and low density, making them ideal cooling materials for aerospace electronic devices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the factors influencing the thermal conductivity of diamond/aluminum composites, as well as their reliability. In view of the above problems, spark plasma sintering method was utilized to prepare diamond/aluminum composites with a thermal conductivity of 462 W/(m·K). It considered the effects of sintering temperature, holding time, and diamond particle size combination. Additionally, the heat spreader reliability of this diamond/aluminum composite in high and low temperature and vibration environment was studied. The results demonstrated that the diamond/aluminum composite effectively reduced the heat source temperature by 13 ℃ compared to aluminum alloy when subjected to a heat flux of 70 W/cm². Furthermore, diamond/aluminum composites can maintain stable physical properties and structural reliability in the high and low temperature and vibration environment, effectively exerting their heat dissipation capacity. Overall, diamond/aluminum composites can be presented as a reliable solution for heat dissipation in aerospace electronic devices.

In this article, the surface modification methods of hollow glass microspheres and their applications in coatings were briefly introduced. The latest research progress in thermal insulation coatings, fireproof coatings, wave-absorbing coatings and anticorrosive coatings was summarized, and the future direction of the application of hollow glass microspheres in coatings was prospected.

Phase change concrete (PCC) is a new type of building material that absorbs or releases a large amount of heat over the phase change temperature range, demonstrating excellent performance in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection. In this paper, the basic principle of phase change concrete and its development and application are summarized. Secondly, the research status of material properties, mechanical properties and thermal properties of PCM is analyzed, and the existing problems and challenges in the current research are pointed out. Finally, the experimental research and engineering application of PCM are summarized, and the intelligent development suggestions based on PCM composites are put forward.

The functional utilization of iron ore tailings (IOT) converted into high value-added products is receiving increasing attention and expectation. Herein, mesoporous zinc silicate composites, including zincsilite composite and hemimorphite composite with flower-like morphology assembled by layered nanosheets, as well as willemite composite with ellipsoidal morphology assembled by short rods, were synthesized from iron ore tailings by introducing zinc ions via hydrothermal reaction process. Mesoporous zinc silicate composite hemimorphite has a typical narrow pore structure formed by the aggregation of sheet-like particles, with a pore width of about 3.385 nm and a specific surface area of 96.15 m²/g. The composite shows efficient adsorption capacity for the dye methylene blue(MB), with a removal rate of nearly 100% within 10 min, and has potential application prospects in the field of dye waste water treatment.

The mechanical properties of ETFE foils after aging in natural environment are the basis for long-term performance evaluation of ETFE structures. In this paper, the aging ETFE foils were selected to carry out the micro-morphology experiments and macro-mechanical tests. The standard values of mechanical parameters were analyzed based on statistical methods. The micro results show that the rough surface morphology and dense cross-section wrinkles existed and that the grain size increased by 7.8%. The breaking strength, yield stress and elastic modulus of aging ETFE foils decreased significantly. The standard values of the yield stress and elastic modulus were 11.73 MPa and 703.2 MPa, which reduced by 14.9% and 13.5%. In general, these results are critical for accurately evaluating long-term performance of ETFE structures.

Because of its excellent biochemical and mechanical properties, hydrogels are widely used in the fields of drought resistance, fresh-keeping, moisture regulation, etc., and also have outstanding advantages in the field of wound dressings. Because of its good hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and three-dimensional porous structure similar to extracellular matrix, the research of hydrogel dressings has attracted much attention, and has gradually become functional and even intelligent. However, there is still lack of systematic elaboration on functional hydrogel dressings. This paper introduces different types of functional hydrogel dressings, puts forward the challenges faced by hydrogel dressings in the process of research and application, and looks forward to the development prospects of functional hydrogel dressings in the future.

In recent years, high entropy oxides, which are composed of five or more metallic elements in equimolar or near-equimolar highly dispersed and disordered structures, have received extensive attention. The high entropy oxides including rock salt, spinel, perovskite and fluorite, have good application prospects in the fields of energy storage, catalysis, absorption and heat insulation. In this paper, the recent advances in the preparation method of high entropy oxides including solid phase reaction, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel, solution combustion synthesis and laser method are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared in detail. On this basis, various modification strategies of high entropy oxides are summarized. The problems in the synthesis of high entropy oxides are presented, and the future development trend of high entropy oxides is prospected.

Ionic thermoelectric (iTE) materials, with ultra-high ionic Seebeck coefficients, have captured considerable attention in recent years. Diverging from conventional electronic thermoelectric materials, iTE materials leverage ions as charge carriers, with ion-conducting gels emerging as promising contenders due to their exceptional iTE properties and flexible stretchability. This paper reviews the current state of research on gel-based iTE materials. The factors affecting the thermoelectric properties of gel-based iTE materials have been analysed in depth by examining the two main working mechanisms of iTE, i.e. thermodiffusion effect and thermogalvanic effect. We elucidate strategies for enhancing the performance of gel-based iTE materials. The applications of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials are meticulously outlined, alongside a discussion on the challenges hindering the further advancement of these materials. By spotlighting the latest innovations in the realm of ionic thermoelectric materials, we aspire for this review to serve as a pivotal reference for the future progression of gel-based ionic thermoelectric materials.

Silicon based lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) single crystal heterogeneous integrated thin films were prepared using chemical mechanical polishing. The film states at different stages of the film preparation process were studied. The surface morphology and elemental content changes of single crystal LiNbO₃ were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Large area periodic polarization of LiNbO₃ thin films was achieved using high-pressure polarization device. The results indicate that combined with the grinding progresses, the surface roughness of the sample gradually decreases. After completing the final polishing process, the root mean square roughness of the sample surface basically reaches the initial sample level, and the polishing process may lead to the loss of Li, but it can be repaired through subsequent processes. The impurity elements introduced during the grinding process will gradually be removed as the process progresses, ultimately obtaining high-quality silicon based LiNbO₃ single crystal films, and using a high-pressure polarization device to polarize LiNbO₃ thin film, a period strip domain reversal was obtained. This study is of great significance for the manufacturing of high-performance sensor components based on LiNbO₃.

With the increasing depletion of non-renewable resources such as coal, bio-based alternative materials have gained widespread attention. Lignin has a wide range of sources and huge reserves, but only about 5% of it has been resourcefully utilized globally. Therefore, in this study, a series of porous lignin-based nitrogen-sulfur doped activated carbon was prepared by a one-step method with sodium lignosulfonate as the raw material, FeCl₃ as the activator, and urea as the nitrogen source, and explored the potential for supercapacitor and CO₂ adsorption applications. It was found that in the three-electrode system with 6 mol/L KOH as the electrolyte, AC-1-NS has a high specific capacitance of up to 275 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The abundant pore structure and heteroatoms in AC determine its excellent electrochemical performance, and the nitrogen-doped introduction of N-5, N-6, and N-Q, and the sulfur-doped introduction of -SOx- lead to the gap in specific capacitance of different ACs the specific surface area of AC-2-NS was as high as 1 510 m²/g, the microporosity was 75.8%, and the CO₂ adsorption reached 2.86 mmol/g. The pore structure and heteroatom doping together determine its properties.

Industrial production and daily life are inseparable from steel tools and equipment, but with the extension of the use of time, carbon steel equipment will inevitably occur corrosion, which will reduce the mechanical and physical properties of carbon steel, shorten the service life, waste economy at the same time may cause fire, explosion and other catastrophic accidents, so the corrosion of carbon steel is very important. So electrochemical method, organic coating method, corrosion inhibitor method and other common methods are designed to solve such problems. Among them, the organic coating method is the most convenient and the best effect, and among all kinds of coatings, the superhydrophobic coating has attracted the attention of researchers because of its unique surface structure and excellent anti-corrosion performance. However, the coating prepared by the existing method usually requires a large number of organic solvents, which is not only a complicated process, but also causes serious environmental pollution, and the later maintenance work is very complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a self-adhesive and self-cleaning coating which is not limited by time, space and thermal spraying equipment for the protection of carbon steel equipment. In this study, a preparation method was introduced. The anti-corrosion coating with self-adhesion, self-adsorption and long-term superhydrophobic properties was prepared by scraping coating through secondary hydrothermal method, and relevant tests were carried out on it. The results show that the modified composite coating has a maximum hydrophobic Angle of 151.52° and an impedance modulus of 10¹¹ Ω·cm², showing excellent self-cleaning and anti-corrosion properties.

Polystyrene particles (EPS) were used as the doping material, which were hydrophilic modified by different surfactants. On this basis, polystyrene particles were added to foam concrete, and the effects of hydrophilic modified polystyrene particles on the mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance of concrete were studied. The results showed that unmodified polystyrene belongs to hydrophobic materials with a contact angle of 112°. After modification with triethanolamine, the contact angle decreased to 31°, indicating excellent hydrophilicity. Foam concrete had porous characteristics, and the pore size distribution was 20-230 μm. The setting time decreased with the increase of polystyrene particle doping, the fluidity first increased and then decreased, the solidification time of EPS-0.9% was 90 minutes, and the highest fluidity was 17.9 mm. With the increase of EPS particles, the compressive strength of foam concrete continued decreasing, the flexural strength first decreased and then slightly increased, the thermal conductivity and dry density first decreased and then increased, and the carbonation resistance continued decreasing. At 28 d of age, the compressive strength of the EPS-1.2% sample reached the minimum value of 5.2 MPa, and the carbonization depth reached the maximum value of 2.13 mm. The flexural strength of the EPS-0.6% sample reached a maximum value of 0.57 MPa. The dry density and thermal conductivity of the EPS-0.9% sample reached the lowest values, which were 357 kg/m³ and 0.069 W/(m·K), respectively, indicating the best insulation performance.

(Fe_1-xNi_x)₈₃Si₁B₁₆ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) amorphous alloy ribbons were prepared and annealed using single copper roll dump strip method. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), DC/AC magnetisation properties automatic test analyser (BH), Vickers hardness tester, and Instron Mechanical Tester were used to analyze and study the effects of different Fe/Ni ratios on the amorphous formation ability, soft magnetic properties and mechanical properties of FeNiSiB alloy ribbons. properties and mechanical properties of FeNiSiB alloy ribbons. The results show that the FeNiSiB alloy ribbons have a tendency to crystallise and precipitate α-Fe phases with the replacement of Fe by Ni. The first crystallisation temperature T_x1 decreases, and the mechanical properties are improved, with the Vickers hardness and tensile strength as high as 770.0 and 2452 MPa, respectively. It is found that the soft magnetic properties of the materials are improved by an appropriate Fe/Ni ratio, with samples being annealed at the same time as those with (Fe_0.8Ni_0.2)₈₃Si₁B₁₆ sample has a saturated magnetic induction B_s of 1.62 T after annealing treatment, a coercivity H_c of only 0.5 A/m, and an initial permeability μi of 33 000.

As a green ecological concrete, recycled concrete is widely used in ecological water conservancy projects. In order to improve its mechanical properties and durability, this paper pretreated the recycled aggregate to dry, semi-saturated and saturated states by internal curing method, replaced ordinary concrete with 50% and 100% substitution rates, respectively, and set up ordinary concrete in dry state as a control group, analyzed the influence of water content on the macro and mesoscopic properties of recycled concrete under different substitution rates, and analyzed the correlation of various parameters, and interpreted the mechanism of internal curing from the mesoscale by establishing a water absorption and desorption model of recycled aggregate. The results show that under the same substitution rate, the recycled concrete group with 50% moisture content has the better compressive strength after curing for 90 days. The porosity of R50P and R100P decreased by 14.2% and 10.3% respectively after 90 days of curing compared with that at 7 days, indicating that the recycled aggregate with 50% moisture content could improve the porosity and interface transition zone structure to a certain extent. The internal curing mechanism of aggregate water absorption and desorption is the main reason for the continuous growth of the strength of recycled concrete in the later stage.

In this work, planar-heterojunction organic phototransistors (OPT) have been constructed from solution process, by combining a semiconducting diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer PDVT-10 and a novel carbon nanomaterial- carbon quantum dots (CQDs). The PDVT-10/CQDs planar heterojunction films, possessing the optical properties of both PDVT-10 and CQDs, reveal strong optical absorption in a wide spectral region from ultra-violet to near infra-red. Compared with pristine PDVT-10 phototransistors, such planar-heterojunction OPTs exhibit a remarkably higher performance on broad-spectrum photo-detection, with a photoresponsivity of 2.6×10⁴ A/W, a specific detectivity of 2.4×10¹³ Jones, and maximum light sensitivity higher than 10⁴ under the 450-nm laser irradiation, as well as with a responsivity of 4.4×10⁴ A/W and a specific detectivity of 1.2×10¹³ Jones under the 808-nm laser irradiation. Based on the study of the photo-response mechanism for these devices, the performance improvement of the PDVT-10/CQDs based OPTs should be attributed to the favorable energy level alignment at the PDVT-10/CQDs interfaces, which enhances interfacial exciton dissociation and charge separation, meanwhile effectively suppresses the hole-electron recombination in the light-absorption layer. Furthermore, the formation of efficient carrier conduction pathway is benefited from high hole-mobility of PDVT-10 for the OPT performance enhancement. Our work offers a valuable avenue for the development of high performance light detectors.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) materials show great potential in the field of photocatalysis due to their unique pore structure and easily regulatable chemical properties. As a photocatalytic material, zeolite imidazole skeleton material (ZIF-8) faces the serious problem of light absorption. In view of the difficulties existing in the application of ZIF-8 at the present stage, the functional modification method is used to improve the band gap of ZIF-8, so as to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZIF-8. ZIF-8 modified with 2,2′-bipyridine (2-BP) exhibits the strongest photocatalytic activity, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency is about 910.14 μmol/g/h, which is 7.3 times than that of unmodified ZIF-8.

In order to study the effect of temperature on the recovery stress and mechanical properties of iron-based shape memory alloys (Fe-SMA), experiments on the temperature-related mechanical properties of Fe-SMA and their influence laws were carried out. Firstly, the effects of different activation temperatures on the recovery stress of Fe-SMA rods were investigated by pre-stretching and activation experiments, and an empirical ontological model of recovery stress-temperature of Fe-SMA was established on the basis of experimental studies. Secondly, secondary heating experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of different activation temperatures, additional loads, and exposure temperatures on the recovery stress of Fe-SMA rods. Finally, the mechanical properties of Fe-SMA rods after high temperature were investigated by monotonic tensile experiments. The results show that the established model of Fe-SMA recovery stress-temperature can effectively simulate the relationship between recovery stress and temperature of Fe-SMA. During the secondary heating process, when the activation temperature is lower than 200 ℃, Fe-SMA has a high stress retention ratio, and the stress loss of Fe-SMA rods increases with the elevated of the additional load and the exposure temperature. After experiencing high temperature, the residual shape memory effect induces higher stresses in Fe-SMA rods compared to the initial stresses. The modulus of elasticity and ultimate strength exhibit relative stability, whereas the yield strength experiences a slight increase with rising exposure temperatures. This investigation serves as a reference for informing the fire-resistant design and utilization of Fe-SMA members in academic discourse.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a dispersant and combined with ultrasonic technology to disperse multi walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). A water-based dispersion of MWCNTs was prepared, and it was used as a doping phase to prepare fly ash concrete. The influence of multi walled carbon nanotube content on the mechanical and durability properties of fly ash concrete was studied through TEM, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, mechanical performance testing and rapid freeze-thaw experiments. The results indicated that PVP combined with ultrasonic technology could effectively disperse MWCNTs, and the addition of MWCNTs to fly ash concrete could accelerate the cement hydration reaction and increase the generation of hydration products such as C-S-H and Ca(OH)₂. Moderate doping of MWCNTs could refine the internal pore structure of cement, reduce the number of cracks and large-sized pores, and transform the failure mode of fly ash concrete from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. The peak load and deformation of the MWCNTs-0.3% specimen reached their maximum values, which were 41.6 kN and 2.92 mm, respectively. The compressive strength and flexural strength reached their maximum values, which were 60.5 and 11.2 MPa, respectively. After 100 rapid freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate of the MWCNTs-0.3% sample was the lowest value of 0.271%, and the maximum relative dynamic elastic modulus was 84.34%, indicating a significant improvement in frost resistance.

Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalysts doped with different contents of La were prepared by the co-precipitation method and experimentally investigated with respect to the synthesis of methanol by CO₂ hydrogenation. The advantages of La for Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalysts were investigated by XRD, N₂ physisorption, N₂O chemisorption, XPS, H₂-TPR, and CO₂-TPD, and the effects of different contents of La were investigated. The effects of the incorporation of different dopant amounts (0%-10%) of La on the average particle size, aggregation state, and the interaction of the elements of Cu were discussed in detail. The experiments showed that the specific surface area and dispersion of the Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalysts were significantly increased by the doped La, and the number of basic sites was significantly increased compared with that of the unmodified catalysts with an obvious advantage of methanol selectivity. The doping of La promoted the Cu-ZnO interactions and enhanced the catalytic performance. The appropriate La content is favorable to the catalytic performance of the Cu/ZnO/ZrO₂ catalysts, and the highest spatial and temporal yield of CH₃OH reached 0.35(g_(MeOH)/g_(cat)·h) at 240 ℃ and 3 MPa with 5% La content.

Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite oxide has a set of distinct physicochemical characteristics that make it a highly promising anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, it is hard to use most RP perovskites directly in anodes because they lack reduction resistance, catalytic activity or stability. This review summarizes the internal mechanism of structure adjustability and properties richness of RP oxide based on the brief introduction of its characteristics, and then systematically introduces recent advances in RP oxide as an anode for SOFCs based on the dimension of microstructure, ion substitution sites and preparation process characteristics. Then reviews and discusses the ingenious phase transformation method used in preparing materials and in situ precipitation to improve catalytic activity, and extensively analyzes the design concept of the RP materials and the existing problems. Finally, this review indicates that the substitution with heterovalent ion, the combination of theory and practice, the full use of oxygen non-stoichiometric ratio and hydroxylation ability of RP oxide are important strategies to develop new RP anodes with higher reduction resistance, catalytic activity and stability.

In order to study the frost resistance and strength regulation of desert sand concrete (DSC) subjected to sulphate freeze-thaw cycle, the freeze-thaw cycle test of DSC was carried out with three kinds of sulphate solutions (3%, 5% and 7% Na₂SO₄) as freezing and thawing medium. The apparent characteristics, mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, corrosion resistance coefficient and ultrasonic velocity loss rate of DSC after exposure to sulphate freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed. A prediction model for the strength of desert sand concrete after sulphate freeze-thawing was established on the basis of GM (1, 1) model. Experimental results showed that with increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss rate and ultrasonic velocity loss rate increased, but the corrosion coefficient and relative dynamic modulus decreased. When desert sand replacement rate (DSRR) increased from 0 to 40%, concrete showed better frost resistance. When the DSRR was above 60%, the incorporation of excess desert sand had adversely effect on the frost resistance. Excessive larger mass fraction of sulphate solution exacerbated the failure process of DSC and reduced significantly the predicted service life of DSC. The average relative errors of the predicated results from GM (1, 1) model were less than 2% with high prediction accuracy. Research results provided references for the assessment of the predicted service life of concrete structure under the action of sulphate freeze-thawing in Northwest China.

UV-curable coatings are environmentally friendly coatings with the advantages of rapid curing and film formation. Herein, we reported an UV-curable polyurethane oligomer based on soft segment of polycarbonate diol and carbon-carbon double bond as end group. The photocurable flexible polyurethane was prepared by combining the oligomer with several active acrylate monomers, and the properties of the coatings after curing with different formulations were studied. The results showed that addition of an additional 15wt% polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate to a coating containing 55wt% polyurethane prepolymer resulted in a film with good flexibility and adhesion, and good performance. After the aging test, it could still maintain good adhesion force with the polycarbonate substrate.

Using acetate as the precursor, different proportions of Cu/Zn catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the performance of CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol was evaluated without H₂ pretreatment. The effects of different Cu/Zn ratios on the crystalline phase structure, surface properties and valence state of the catalyst were investigated by XRD, TG-DSC, H₂-TPR, CO₂ temperature-programmed desorption and XPS, and its active sites were studied. The results show that the activity of the Cu/Zn catalyst prepared with acetate as the precursor is evaluated without pretreatment, and the H₂ in the reaction gas (H₂∶CO₂=3∶1) will reduce the Cu²⁺ of the Cu/Zn catalyst to Cu⁰ to form a new Cu⁰-ZnO interface, which makes the Cu/Zn45 achieve a spatiotemporal yield of 7.97 mmol/(g^·h) at 3 MPa and 240 ℃.

Diatom-based material with excellent thermal stability, is an outstanding carrier for phase change materials (PCMs), and is widely used in fields such as solar energy, construction, and energy conservation. This article introduces diatomite-based and diatom frustules-based phase change energy storage materials. It reviews the research progress in modified diatomite phase change materials, thermally conductive diatomite composite phase change materials, photothermal conversion diatomite composite phase change materials, and diatom frustules-modified phase change materials. Diatom-based phase change energy storage technology holds promise as an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for energy storage, contributing to the development of renewable energy.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) mesh-based polysulfone (PSF)-zirconia (ZrO₂) composite separator, as a new type of high-performance alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production separator, has the advantages of good mechanical properties, low area resistance and high chemical stability. The composite separator was prepared by preheating compression molding and phase inversion precipitation techniques. The effects of the content of PSF, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the casting solution on the performance of the separator were investigated. The performance of composite separator (Named PPZS) and commercial Zirfon UTP 500 separator were analyzed and compared. The results show that the PPZS composite separator has a tensile strength of 36.36 MPa, an area resistance of 0.21 Ω·cm², and a bubble point pressure of 0.268 MPa, which exhibit excellent comprehensive performance in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

Nano-mesoporous iron oxides have considerable application value in adsorption, separation, catalysis and other fields, with the characteristics of abundant pore structure, high specific surface area and ordered pore size distribution. Nevertheless, diverse synthesis methods can result in nano-mesoporous iron oxides with different morphologies and even different crystal phases. The product channels can be controlled to achieve a purposeful "pore making" by using different preparation methods and adjusting experimental parameters, and further applied to various fields according to its properties. In this paper, the preparation and application of nano-mesoporous iron oxide were reviewed, and the research direction in this field was put forward.

Graphene oxide is grafted to the surface of carbon fiber with chemical grafting method of “grafting to” by bonding of chemical bonds, and graphene oxide grafted carbon fiber cross-scale reinforcement (CF-GO) is prepared after. The effect of grafted graphene oxide on the electromagnetic properties of carbon fiber is studied by measuring the monofilm conductivity and electromagnetic parameters of carbon fiber and CF-GO. The results show that compared with carbon fiber, the monofilament conductivity of CF-GO decreases, but the complex dielectric constant real part, imaginary part and dielectric loss angle tangent of CF-GO increase. The grafted graphene oxide can enhance the dielectric loss capacity of carbon fiber, but has no effect on the magnetic loss capacity of carbon fiber. In the range of 0-18 GHz, the impedance matching rate and attenuation constant of CF-GO are larger than that of carbon fiber on the whole, and its wave absorbing property is better. Carbon fiber shows better wave absorbing property in high frequency.

Cu alloys have been widely used in construction, marine and power engineering fields due to their excellent corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity. However, the corrosion resistance requirements of Cu alloys in some high-tech fields are constantly improving, with the complexity of application scenarios and the diversification of influencing factors. Therefore, this paper analyzed the research status of corrosion resistance of Cu alloys at home and abroad; summarized the main methods for improving the corrosion resistance of Cu alloys, such as surface treatment, heat treatment and multi-element alloying; investigated the effects of these methods on the grain size, corrosion products, phase transformation, and crystal defects of Cu alloys, as well as the mechanisms of improving corrosion resistance; envisioned the future direction of corrosion resistance research on Cu alloys.

Aiming at the problem of low specific capacitance of activated carbon, utilizing the large specific surface area and abundant pore structure of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a synergistic bilayer mechanism with pseudocapacitive properties of MOFs-derived porous carbon hybrid composites with activated carbon was investigated in this paper. N-doped porous carbon composites were prepared by designing different Zn/Co ratios and carbonization temperatures. ZCPC@AC-800 was tested in a three-electrode system and showed a specific capacitance of 327.5 F/g at 0.5 A/g, which was higher than that of the MOF-derived porous carbon composites generated from monometallic atoms, due to the fact that the bimetallic MOFs in the nanocomposites could provide a more diverse range of active sites during pyrolysis. In addition, symmetric supercapacitors (ZCPC@AC-800∥ZCPC@AC-800) assembled in a 3 mol/L KOH electrolyte with a potential window of 0-1.5 V have an energy density of 21 Wh/kg at a power density of 375 W/kg. After cycling test, its initial specific capacitance remained 80% after 5 000 times of charging and discharging at 5 A/g.

In order to solve the problem that the water vapor barrier performance of the existing flexible polymer composite membrane is low, and it is difficult to optimize the water vapor transmission, mechanical strength and optical transmission at the same time, a new magnesium oxide heterocyclic olefin copolymer composite membrane (MgO/COC) was developed in this paper. The effects of MgO content on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, hydrophobic properties and water vapor barrier properties of the composite membrane were explored. The results show that MgO has good dispersion in COC composite film. When 1 wt% MgO was doped with COC, the contact angle reached the highest of 106.8°, indicating good hydrophobic properties of the MgO/COC composite film. The water vapor barrier performance of the composite membrane is 63.1% higher than that of the pure COC membrane, and the minimum water vapor transmission rate reaches 0.21 g/(m²·d), which is the lowest water vapor transmission rate of the doped polymer composite membrane publicly reported at present. The excellent water vapor barrier performance is attributed to the reaction between MgO and water vapor to form magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide has excellent water vapor barrier performance. The double mechanism water vapor barrier property of the composite film provides a new idea for the water vapor barrier design of food packaging and pharmaceutical packaging.

In order to achieve controlled thermonuclear fusion reaction in new energy sources, the service life of PMFs has become a key issue. In fusion reactor, the deuterium tritium fusion reaction will release high-energy neutrons, which will transmutation tungsten into rhenium. The reaction can inhibit the growth of bubbles, reduce the irradiation hardening and embrittlement, so the W-Re alloy has good resistance to plasma irradiation. In this paper, the mechanism of damage behavior of W and W-Re alloys under ion irradiation is described in detail, and the research progress in recent years is reviewed and prospected, which provides a reference for the later research of W-Re alloys in ion irradiation.

In order to improve the road performance of asphalt pavement, polyurethane/nano-ZnO composite modified asphalt was prepared by polyurethane, nano-ZnO and matrix asphalt. Taking penetration, softening point, ductility and 135 ℃ viscosity as evaluation indexes, the influence of modifier on asphalt performance was studied, and the storage stability was evaluated by softening point difference. Three kinds of composite modified asphalt AC-13C mixture were prepared for rutting test, trabecular bending test and immersion Marshall test to study the performance of modified asphalt mixture. The results show that the incorporation of polyurethane and nano-ZnO can significantly improve the high and low temperature performance of the matrix asphalt, and the storage stability meets the requirements of the specification. The composite modified asphalt mixture can meet the road performance of asphalt pavement. The modified asphalt mixture with 5% polyurethane and 3% nano-ZnO content has the best effect on improving high temperature performance and water stability. Compared with the matrix asphalt mixture, the dynamic stability is increased by 2.32 times, the residual stability is increased by 9.0%, and the maximum flexural tensile strain (-10 ℃) is increased by 8.3%. Considering the improvement effect of road performance, it is recommended to use 5% polyurethane compound 3% nano-ZnO as the best content of composite modified asphalt and its mixture.

With the development of science and technology, the use of portable electronic equipment is becoming more and more extensive, and it is inevitable to produce a large amount of electromagnetic radiation in its surrounding environment, and it is urgent to develop electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and optimize their performance, which can not only protect the human body from electromagnetic wave interference, but also reduce the secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves, which has important research significance in civil and military affairs. The two-dimensional nanomaterial Mxene has the characteristics of low density, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity and good chemical activity, and has great application prospects in the field of electromagnetic protection. Carbon-based materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, etc., are widely used for electromagnetic interference protection because of their good thermal/electrical properties. In this paper, the research progress of Mxene/carbon matrix composites in the field of wave absorption is reviewed, and the loss mechanism of Mxene/carbon matrix composites absorbers is introduced in detail, and its structure is analyzed. Finally, the future development direction of Mxene/carbon-based composite absorber is prospected in terms of preparation, structure and multi-function.

Taking Sb₂Te₃ as the research object, Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ powder was prepared by hydrothermal method by doping Bi element, and Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film was prepared by high vacuum thermal evaporation coating method on a glass slide substrate. The lattice structure, microstructure and elemental composition of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films were studied using XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, etc. The influence of Bi proportion on the thermoelectric properties of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin films was tested using the electrical performance testing system ZEM-3. The results showed that Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ had a diamond shaped structure, with irregular morphology of particles and layers. After doping with Bi³⁺, it would replace the position of Sb³⁺. The conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film showed a trend of first decreasing and then slightly increasing with the increase of temperature. With the increased of Bi doping amount, the conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ film first increased and then decreased, and the Seebeck coefficient continued to increase. At 300 K, the highest conductivity of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ film was 3 015 S/cm. The total thermal conductivity of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first decreased and then increased with the increase of temperature, and continuously decreased with the increase of Bi doping amount. The highest thermal conductivity of Sb₂Te₃ at 300 K was 1.61 W/(m·K)., the power factor of Bi_xSb_2-xTe₃ thin film first increased and then decreased. The power factor of Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ thin film reached its maximum value of 16.2 μW/(cm·K²) at 300 K, indicated that Bi_0.4Sb_1.6Te₃ composite thermoelectric material can generate a larger thermoelectric voltage and achieve higher thermoelectric conversion efficiency under a given temperature difference.

Pure WO₃ and Ti doped WO₃/TiO₂ nanocrystals were synthesized by a self-designed flame spray combustion system, and the thin films were prepared by spin-coating method. The impact of Ti doping amount and annealing temperature on the electrochromic properties of the films were investigated by various characterization methods. The results show that Ti doping provides more active sites and increases the ion migration rate and conductivity. The maximum optical modulation of WTi-6 film at 633 nm is 67.11%, and the coloring efficiency is 1.7 times that of pure WO₃ film. Meanwhile, the annealing treatment at 400 ℃ enhances the adhesion between the WTi-6 films and the conductive substrate, and the electrochemical properties of the films and the reversibility of Li⁺ insertion/extraction on the films are improved. Correspondingly, the annealed WTi-6 films obtained a higher optical modulation range (76.05%), a faster response, and a shorter coloring time from the unannealed 5.7 s and 10.4 s to 5.5 s and 8.2 s, and the coloring efficiency is increased to 82.20 cm²/C. Therefore, Ti doping modification and annealing process refinement through flame spray combustion improves the electrochromic performance of WO₃ thin films and expands the preparation process of WO₃ nanocrystals, which has good application prospects. Therefore, Ti doping modification and annealing process refinement through flame spray combustion improves the electrochromic performance of WO₃ thin films and expands the preparation process of WO₃ nanocrystals, which has good application prospects.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) hold great promise for various applications due to the low redox potential of zinc and high energy density. The host cathode for storing Zn²⁺ determines the discharge performance and cycling stability of the battery. Herein, three one-dimensional nanowire structured polymers were prepared using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as a ligand with three carboxyl groups, and three nitrogen-doped carbon nanowires loaded with different particle size MnO materials (MnO/NC-x) were obtained after calcination treatment. Among them, the MnO particles in MnO/NC-0.5 prepared with a Mn²⁺∶NTA ratio of 0.5 had the smallest size and were uniformly dispersed on the nanowire surface. This material exhibited excellent kinetic properties such as ion diffusion and conductivity as the cathode for AZIBs. It delivered a rate capability of 158 mAh/g at a high current density of 2 A/g and still maintained a capacity retention of 96% after 1000 cycles at 1 A/g, demonstrating excellent cycling stability.

Water-soluble photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl) pyridinium methosulfate acetal (SbQ-PVA) solution was coated onto silver nanowire (AgNW) films to form SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films by a simple solution process. The optical-electrical properties and morphology of AgNW films with different surface densities before and after coating with SbQ-PVA were analyzed, and the mechanical as well as environmental stability of the AgNW films were compared with that of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films. The results show that the SbQ-PVA coating does not affect the electrical conductivity of the silver nanowire network and also enhances the optical properties, resulting in a high transmittance of about 90% for composite films with sheet resistance as low as about 20 Ω/sq. Meanwhile, the mechanical stability of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films is significantly enhanced, with the resistance value changing by only 1% in 5 000 bending cycle tests, and it can withstand the scratching of 3B pencil. The SbQ-PVA also brings excellent environmental stability to the composite films, which can maintain the resistance and morphology stability for 4 months in atmospheric environment, and it can also be well resisted to the corrosion of acid, alkali, and salt solutions. In addition, the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films are able to remain stable in deionized water ultrasonication, and this feature can be utilized with a photomask for one-step patterning of silver nanowire films. SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films with high photovoltaic performance and stability offer new possibilities to realize high-quality flexible transparent electrodes in a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient way.