The separator is a crucial component in lithium batteries. Commercially available polyolefin separators often suffer from poor electrolyte wettability and high-temperature shrinkage, which limits their suitability for the development of high-performance lithium batteries. In this study, a cellulose/polyacrylamide (d-CA/PAM) composite separator was prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in a cellulose acetate (CA) solution, followed by synchronous phase separation and deacetylation. The d-CA/PAM separator exhibits high porosity (77.9%), excellent electrolyte uptake (273.0%), outstanding thermal stability (no shrinkage at 200 ℃), and a high ionic conductivity (1.51 mS/cm). The lithium metal batteries assembled with the d-CA/PAM separator demonstrate superior performance compared to polyolefin separators, showing a higher initial capacity (150.1 mAh/g vs. 143.0 mAh/g) and better cycling stability (capacity retention after 100 cycles 94.3% vs. 92.0%).

Inorganic acids doped polyaniline films deposited on metal surface by electrochemical method can effectively enhance the corrosion resistance of metal. The types of doped inorganic acid and different electrochemical preparation methods significantly affect the structure and corrosion resistance of polyaniline films. Nitric acid, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid doped polyaniline were synthesized by cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic method on the surface of 304 stainless steel or ITO conductive glass using the three-electrode system of electrochemical workstation, respectively. The structures of the polyaniline were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It can be concluded that the doped polyaniline film obtained by cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution has the best corrosion resistance through the analysis of kinetic potential polarization curves and impedance spectra in the sulfuric acid solution, and the polyaniline doped with a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid at a molar ratio of 4∶1 also possesses excellent metal corrosion protection properties, which are attributed to the morphology and structure of polyaniline films doped with different inorganic acids.

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene flexible film is composed of metallic carbon/nitride stacked with two-dimensional layered structure, exhibiting excellent photothermal conversion performance. However, due to the intermolecular interaction between the MXene layers, the presence of water molecules is easy to reduce the binding force, thus affecting the stability of the flexible film. To solve the stability problem of MXene flexible film, the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets with a certain thickness and surface rich in hydroxyl and other functional groups were obtained by using lithium fluoride and concentrated hydrochloric acid etching, combined with ultrasonic peeling, and a certain concentration of nanocellulose (CNC). Subsequently, the surface of the film was chemically modified with perfluorodecyl trimethoxysilane modifier, and the hydrophobic flexible film material with cellulose as the skeleton was obtained. The microstructure and surface functional groups of the composite film were systematically characterized, and then the mechanical properties were tested to determine the optimization of infiltration, photothermal and mechanical properties of the film by adding cellulose and hydrophobic modification. The results show that the maximum heating rate of the prepared composite film is 115 ℃/min, the contact Angle with water is 129.8°, the maximum tensile lifting rate can reach 157.95%, showing good photothermal, hydrophobic and mechanical properties.

ZnO, Ag/ZnO and Ag/Al₂O₃/ZnO composite films are prepared on p-type Si by combining magnetron sputtering technique and plasma etching, and annealed in high vacuum environment. The surface morphologies, crystal structures and photoluminescence spectra are characterized. The experimental results show that Ag nanoparticles with regular sizes are formed after vacuum annealing at 250 ℃ and plasma etching. At the same time, after the introduction of Ag and Al₂O₃, the full width at half maximum of the ZnO (002) diffraction peak increases and the crystal quality decreases. The luminescent center of Ag/ZnO thin films in the visible region is shifted to 645 nm, and the intensity ratio of visible to ultraviolet light is increased to 17.34. Meanwhile, the Al₂O₃ interlayer has a modulating effect on the fluorescence emission of ZnO. When the Al₂O₃ sputtering time is 5 min, Ag/Al₂O₃/ZnO composite films exhibit the strongest emission band at 685 nm, with a visible to ultraviolet intensity ratio of up to 78.29, and the peak position is red shifted towards the long wavelength direction by 40 nm. As the thickness of the interlayer is further increased, the visible emission intensity is actually decreased, and the corresponding fluorescence enhancement mechanism is discussed.

The Cu-doped Ti-Si intermetallic porous membrane materials were successfully prepared by pressure in-situ reaction sintering. The Ti-Si porous membrane materials prepared at different sintering temperature and Cu doping amounts were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and electronic universal testing machine. The experimental results showed that the main phase of the membrane was Ti₅Si₃, accompanied by a small amount of TiCu and Ti-O compound secondary phase formation. The surface particle size of the Ti-Si porous membrane was 0.5-2 μm, and the thickness of the membrane layer was 6-10 μm. With the increase of Cu powder doping amounts or sintering temperature, the maximum bubble pore size and the relative permeability coefficient decreased. The maximum bubble pore size is between 24-29 μm, and the relative permeability coefficient ranged from 33 to 97 m³/(m²·h·kPa). Cu doping can promote the in-situ reaction of Ti-Si system. It accelerated the formation of Ti₅Si₃ porous membrane and increased the bonding strength between the membrane layer and the substrate. When the Cu doping amount was 5wt% with the sintering temperature of 900 ℃, the membrane/substrate bonding strength of the prepared sample reached up to 19.18 MPa.

The ferrimagnetic material NiCo₂O₄ possesses excellent room-temperature perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, with highly adjustable charge, spin, orbital, lattice, and defect effects, making it crucial for applications in spintronics devices. In this work, the NiCo₂O₄ films were prepared on MgAl₂O₄(001) substrates by using magnetron sputtering, which has a smooth surface and high-quality epitaxial structure. Both 12 nm and 16 nm NiCo₂O₄ films exhibit excellent perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In the 16 nm NiCo₂O₄ film, unconventional electrical transport characteristics were observed. From 200 K, the curves of anomalous Hall effect show a multi-step magnetization switching with increasing temperature. This variation is attributed to the mutual superposition of multiple magnetic phases in the NiCo₂O₄. The outstanding magneto-electric properties of NiCo₂O₄, along with its high adjustability, provide an experimental basis for designing spintronic devices.

The presence of radioactive I^- or excessive I^- in water will greatly harm the natural environment and affect human health. In this experiment, polystyrene sulfonate sodium (PSS) nanofiltration membranes were prepared by in-situ UV grafting of styrene sulfonate sodium on polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane for the removal of I^- from aqueous solution. The performances of the membrane were regulated by changing the monomer concentration, the amount of monomer solution, the irradiation time and the irradiation distance. When 40 mL 0.5mol /L sodium styrene sulfonate (SS) solution was added onto the surface of the substrate membrane and irradiated by 300 w UV light at 4 cm for 15 min, the removal rate for 100 mg/L I^- of the prepared NF-4 cm membrane reached 92.6% at 0.6 Mpa, and the flux was 47.7 L /m² h. Further increasing the distance to 10 cm, the flux of the prepared NF-10 cm membrane increased significantly, reached 112.9 L/m² h because of the larger pore size and the thinner separation layer. Due to the higher effective negative surface charge, the removal rate only decreased to 82.9%. For NF-4 cm membrane,it should be noted that the I- removing rate remained stable more than 90% and the flux increased by increasing the operation pressure. The anti-interference ability to Cl^- of NF-4 cm membrane is strong which indicated that the membrane had well application potential in the treatment of I^--containing wastewater.

Water-soluble photocrosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol), N-methyl-4(4'-formylstyryl) pyridinium methosulfate acetal (SbQ-PVA) solution was coated onto silver nanowire (AgNW) films to form SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films by a simple solution process. The optical-electrical properties and morphology of AgNW films with different surface densities before and after coating with SbQ-PVA were analyzed, and the mechanical as well as environmental stability of the AgNW films were compared with that of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films. The results show that the SbQ-PVA coating does not affect the electrical conductivity of the silver nanowire network and also enhances the optical properties, resulting in a high transmittance of about 90% for composite films with sheet resistance as low as about 20 Ω/sq. Meanwhile, the mechanical stability of the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films is significantly enhanced, with the resistance value changing by only 1% in 5 000 bending cycle tests, and it can withstand the scratching of 3B pencil. The SbQ-PVA also brings excellent environmental stability to the composite films, which can maintain the resistance and morphology stability for 4 months in atmospheric environment, and it can also be well resisted to the corrosion of acid, alkali, and salt solutions. In addition, the SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films are able to remain stable in deionized water ultrasonication, and this feature can be utilized with a photomask for one-step patterning of silver nanowire films. SbQ-PVA/AgNW composite films with high photovoltaic performance and stability offer new possibilities to realize high-quality flexible transparent electrodes in a simple, environmentally friendly and efficient way.

Diamond film is considered as a promising field electron emitter cathode material due to the high thermal conductivity, negative electron affinity, low work function and long-term stability. It is difficult to peel off the diamond film without destroying its structural integrity after the diamond film is deposited on the substrate. Therefore, the diamond film and substrate are generally tested as a whole during the field emission properties measurement. However, there is an interface barrier between the substrate and the diamond film, and the influence of the interface barrier on the field emission properties can not be ignored. At present, there are relatively few studies on the influence of the interface between diamond film and substrate on field emission properties, which needs more attention and research. In this work, the graphene-diamond composite films are fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), which the single crystalline silicon, metal niobium and metal molybdenum are used as substrates, respectively. The microstructure and composition of graphene-diamond composite films were characterized and the field emission properties were studied. The results show that different substrates have significant effects on the field emission properties of the composite films. The composite films fabricated on metal niobium substrate show low turn on field (E₀=2.5 V/μm) and high emission current density (J@5.3 V/μm=1.9 mA/cm²). This study provides a new idea for obtaining graphene-diamond composite films with better field emission properties.

In order to explore effect of V contents on microstructure and tribological properties of AlCrTiNbV_xN films, the AlCrTiNbV_xN films were deposited on 304 stainless steel by magnetron sputtering system. The structure of films was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties and tribological properties of films were analyzed by nanoindenter and material surface comprehensive tester. The results show that the AlCrTiNbV_xN films show face-cubic structure and have preferred orientation of (200) plane. The diffraction angles shift to right. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film has the biggest diffraction angle and the smallest interplanar spacing. With the increasing of V contents, the hardness and elastic modulus of films firstly increase and then decrease, and the friction coefficients of films and the width of wear tracks firstly decrease and then increase. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film has the biggest hardness and elastic modulus. The AlCrTiNbV_1.0N film exhibits the best tribological properties with the minimum friction coefficient and the minimum width of the wear track. The wear mechanisms are abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and oxidative wear.

In order to solve the problem that the water vapor barrier performance of the existing flexible polymer composite membrane is low, and it is difficult to optimize the water vapor transmission, mechanical strength and optical transmission at the same time, a new magnesium oxide heterocyclic olefin copolymer composite membrane (MgO/COC) was developed in this paper. The effects of MgO content on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, hydrophobic properties and water vapor barrier properties of the composite membrane were explored. The results show that MgO has good dispersion in COC composite film. When 1 wt% MgO was doped with COC, the contact angle reached the highest of 106.8°, indicating good hydrophobic properties of the MgO/COC composite film. The water vapor barrier performance of the composite membrane is 63.1% higher than that of the pure COC membrane, and the minimum water vapor transmission rate reaches 0.21 g/(m²·d), which is the lowest water vapor transmission rate of the doped polymer composite membrane publicly reported at present. The excellent water vapor barrier performance is attributed to the reaction between MgO and water vapor to form magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide has excellent water vapor barrier performance. The double mechanism water vapor barrier property of the composite film provides a new idea for the water vapor barrier design of food packaging and pharmaceutical packaging.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) mesh-based polysulfone (PSF)-zirconia (ZrO₂) composite separator, as a new type of high-performance alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production separator, has the advantages of good mechanical properties, low area resistance and high chemical stability. The composite separator was prepared by preheating compression molding and phase inversion precipitation techniques. The effects of the content of PSF, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the casting solution on the performance of the separator were investigated. The performance of composite separator (Named PPZS) and commercial Zirfon UTP 500 separator were analyzed and compared. The results show that the PPZS composite separator has a tensile strength of 36.36 MPa, an area resistance of 0.21 Ω·cm², and a bubble point pressure of 0.268 MPa, which exhibit excellent comprehensive performance in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

The mechanical properties of ETFE foils after aging in natural environment are the basis for long-term performance evaluation of ETFE structures. In this paper, the aging ETFE foils were selected to carry out the micro-morphology experiments and macro-mechanical tests. The standard values of mechanical parameters were analyzed based on statistical methods. The micro results show that the rough surface morphology and dense cross-section wrinkles existed and that the grain size increased by 7.8%. The breaking strength, yield stress and elastic modulus of aging ETFE foils decreased significantly. The standard values of the yield stress and elastic modulus were 11.73 MPa and 703.2 MPa, which reduced by 14.9% and 13.5%. In general, these results are critical for accurately evaluating long-term performance of ETFE structures.

Silicon based lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) single crystal heterogeneous integrated thin films were prepared using chemical mechanical polishing. The film states at different stages of the film preparation process were studied. The surface morphology and elemental content changes of single crystal LiNbO₃ were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Large area periodic polarization of LiNbO₃ thin films was achieved using high-pressure polarization device. The results indicate that combined with the grinding progresses, the surface roughness of the sample gradually decreases. After completing the final polishing process, the root mean square roughness of the sample surface basically reaches the initial sample level, and the polishing process may lead to the loss of Li, but it can be repaired through subsequent processes. The impurity elements introduced during the grinding process will gradually be removed as the process progresses, ultimately obtaining high-quality silicon based LiNbO₃ single crystal films, and using a high-pressure polarization device to polarize LiNbO₃ thin film, a period strip domain reversal was obtained. This study is of great significance for the manufacturing of high-performance sensor components based on LiNbO₃.

At present, the development of renewable energy has become an important part of the global sustainable energy strategy. Hydrogen is the cleanest energy in the world and is considered to be the most promising alternative energy. Industrial hydrogen production contains a large number of impurities. Therefore, the purification of hydrogen is an indispensable part of the use of hydrogen energy. Palladium and its alloy membranes are the most common materials for hydrogen separation, but they are too expensive and insufficient in yield. We need to find new hydrogen separation membranes with excellent performance. It is found that the hydrogen permeability coefficient of V/Nb and its alloy membranes is much larger than that of Pd, and the cost is lower than that of Pd metal, which is the best hydrogen separation membrane material to replace Pd metal. At present, there are many studies on V/Nb-based alloy membranes. This paper introduces the principle of hydrogen permeation of alloy membranes, the preparation methods of hydrogen separation membranes and their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the research status of V/Nb-based alloys in recent years, and looks forward to the future research and development trend of hydrogen separation membranes.

Due to outstanding advantages such as lightweight, good toughness, low cost and simple forming process, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films have attracted considerable attention in temperature sensing and electro heating fields. In this study, the difference in the microstructure, bond types, mechanical and electrical properties of rGO films reduced at different temperatures are analysed to explore the influence of reduction degree on temperature sensing and heating performance of rGO films. The results indicate that oxygen-containing functional groups including C-O and C=O in graphene oxide (GO) films decrease dramatically at 200 ℃, and the main bonding type of carbon atoms transfers from C-C to C=C. When the reduction temperature rises to 600 ℃, rGO films still retain some oxygen-containing functional groups with a C/O ratio of 7.18, while the composition of rGO films reduced at 800 ℃ approaches to graphene. With the increase of reduction degree, electrical resistivity of rGO films shows a significant decrease. However, the outgassing of oxygen atoms disrupts the interlayer dense structure, leading to gradual reduction in tensile strength. At the reduction temperature of 600 ℃, the resistance-temperature curve exhibits excellent linear relationship with a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value of -1.60×10^-3/℃ at room temperature. Under 24 V DC driving voltage, rGO films reduced at 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ reach 242 ℃ and 367 ℃, respectively. However, due to the loose and cracked interlayer structure, there happens a noticeable fluctuation in the heating temperature curve of rGO films reduced at 800 ℃. Therefore, rGO films reduced at 600 ℃ are proven to be more suitable for heating and temperature sensing.

To improve the optical, electrical, and low-radiation performance of FTO thin films, in this paper, tantalum doped FTO(TFTO) films were successfully prepared on soda-calcium glass by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition(AACVD). The monobutyl tin chloride (MBTC) was used as tin source, ammonium fluoride (NH₄F) as fluorine source, methanol as solvent, tantalum pentachloride (TaCl₅) as tantalum source and sodium-calcium glass as base. The phase composition, micro-morphology, optical properties, electrical properties, and low radiation properties of the films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a spectrophotometer, and a Hall effect tester. The results show that TFTO (SnO₂:F, Ta) has a tetragonal rutile structure and is an N-type semiconductor. When Ta/Sn atomic ratio is 1%, the visible transmittance T is 74.18%, the resistivity ρ is 2.78×10^-4 Ω·cm, the carrier concentration n is 1.44×10²¹/cm³, the mobility μ is 18.73 cm²/(V·s), the infrared reflectance R_IR is 94%, and the emissivity ε is 0.12. Tantalum doping can effectively improve the electrical properties, carrier concentration and infrared reflectance of FTO films, and has a low effect on visible transmittance.

In this study, bacteria cellulose/zeolite imidazole framework-8 (BC/ZIF-8) composite fiber membrane was prepared by one-step vacuum filtration method using zeolite imidazole framework-8 and bacterial cellulose as carrier. The structure of the composite fiber membrane was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and BET techniques. The effects of contact time, temperature, ion concentration and initial substrate concentration on the adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) on the composite fiber membrane were investigated. The results showed that the BC/ZIF-8 composite fiber membrane had a richer pore structure than the BC membrane, and the specific surface area increased from 6.2415 m²/g to 265.8820 m²/g. The adsorption experiment shows that the ion concentration has insignificant effect on adsorption, and the adsorption process follows the quasi second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The adsorption of TC on the BC/ZIF-8 composite fiber membrane was mainly in the form of monolayer adsorption, with a theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 438.59 mg/g.

The g-C₃N₄/MXene@Ag (CNMA) separation membrane was constructed by vacuum-assisted self-assembly. It is shown that the introduction of Ag nanoparticles can optimize the surface wettability and transport channels of the membranes. The separation flux (for 1,2-dichloroethane/water emulsions) of the composite membrane is up to (6 812.7±106) L/(m²·h·bar) with a maximum separation efficiency of 99.7%. Notably, the CNMA separation membrane has remarkable anti-fouling performance and maintains stable separation properties after 10 consecutive uses. In addition, MXene@Ag can enhance the energy band structure, improve the photoelectric properties, provide positive spatial separation of electrons - holes (e^--h⁺) and achieve efficient removal of organic pollutants (dyes, antibiotics). The efficiency of the membrane in degrading methylene blue dye is 98%. The CNMA functional separation membrane is suitable for water environment remediation under organic pollutant scenarios. This work meets the actual wastewater treatment requirements and has a promising development.

In this paper, industrial waste fly ash is used as the main material, combined with the binder (carboxymethyl cellulose CMC) and pore-making agent (charcoal powder), to explore the role and effect of the sintering additives (single-phase: CuO; Multiphase: TiO₂-CuO-MgO) in the firing of fly ash based ceramic membrane support. Firstly, the effects of the amount of CuO additive on the macroscopic physical and chemical properties (pure water flux, flexure strength, acid/alkali corrosion rate) and microstructure characteristics (material composition and micro-morphology) of the support were investigated. Secondly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to study the performance of support under different proportions of TiO₂-CuO-MgO, so as to obtain the optimal preparation scheme. The results show that at the firing temperature of 1 050 ℃, the sample performance is good when the CuO content is 1%(mass fraction). The pure water flux is 2 649.577 L/(m²·h·MPa), the bending strength is 49.677 MPa, the acid/alkali corrosion rate is 0.471%/0.107%, and the average pore size is 2.375 μm. The porosity is 45.347%. At 1 050 ℃, when the proportion of TiO₂-Cuo-MGo is 1.5%(mass fraction) TiO₂, 0.7%CuO and 5%MgO, the comprehensive performance of the sample is the best, and the performance data are as follows: pure water flux of 6 729.268 L/(m²·h·MPa), bending strength of 67.454 MPa, acid/alkali corrosion rate of 2.964%/1.427%, average pore size of 4.216 μm, and porosity of 48.608%.

Cu₂O films were prepared on the surface of indium tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass using copper acetate and sodium acetate as electrolyte solution by electrochemical deposition method. The crystal phase, micromorphology and optical properties of Cu₂O thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The photocurrent spectrum of Cu₂O was measured under the condition of illumination, and the photoelectrochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of methylene blue degradation of Cu₂O films were evaluated.

In this paper, stannous oxide (SnO) was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and then the obtained SnO was introduced into polyimide matrix by in-situ polymerization method to prepare SnO/PI composite films. The contents of SnO have significant influence on the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tensile strength and breakdown strength of the film. When the contents of SnO was 10wt%, the dielectric constant of the SnO/PI composite film was as high as 456, the dielectric loss was only 0.034, the tensile strength was 65 MPa, and the breakdown strength was 146.9 MV/m, respectively. The introduction of SnO into PI could greatly improve the dielectric properties of the composite PI films, so that it has a good application prospect in energy storage, aerospace, insulation and other fields.

Porous NiO nanofilms with different surface morphologies have great potential for application in the field of electrochromism. This article reports the preparation of porous NiO thin films by adding non ionic surfactant TX-100 to NiSO₄ · 6H₂O aqueous solution. The morphology and composition of NiO thin films without surfactants and with TX-100 were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Electrochemical workstation and UV visible spectrophotometer were used to test the electrochromic performance. The results indicate that the addition of TX-100 can reduce the pore size and make the surface of porous NiO films denser, providing a larger specific surface area and more active sites, improving optical properties, and to some extent enhancing the cyclic stability of NiO films. At the wavelength of 600 nm, the maximum light modulation amplitude of the NiO film with TX-100 added is 68.88%, which is 8.58% higher than that of the NiO film without surfactant added.

Starch is a natural polymer material composed of α-glucose molecules with a wide range of sources, and mainly in the roots and stems of plants. It is inexpensive, renewable and biodegradable. The preparation of natural degradable plastic films from starch is of great significance to solve the problem of environmental pollution. Compared with starch-based materials, synthetic thermoplastic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene have disadvantages such as irritating odor, non-biodegradable and polluting the environment. Biodegradable thermoplastic materials made from starch have become a hot research topic for researchers. In this paper the structure and properties of starch is described, together with the plasticization methods, the ways to improve the barrier and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch. Also the research progress and the outlook of thermoplastic starch-based materials are summarize.

A perovskite solar cell absorbing layer CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin film was prepared using a one-step spin coating method. Urea was added during the preparation of the absorbing layer, and the effect of urea doping on the phase structure and microstructure of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films was studied, as well as on the photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells assembled. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, UV-Vis, PL and J-V curves. The results showed that the addition of appropriate amount of urea increased the crystallinity of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film, improved its orientation and coverage, and reduced the number of pores and cracks. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the grain size of the film was the most uniform and the crystallization performance was the best. All CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films have absorption edges around 780 nm and a bandgap width of 1.5 eV. The addition of appropriate amount of urea improved the absorbance and emission peak intensity of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film. With the increase of urea doping amount, the absorbance and emission peak intensity of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film first increased and then decreased. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the absorption property of CH₃NH₃PbI₃ film was the best, and the emission peak intensity was the highest. 30 perovskite solar cells were assembled using CH₃NH₃PbI₃ thin films with different levels of urea doping, and the J-V curves were tested. When the doping amount of urea was 10 mol%, the cell had the best photoelectric performance, and its solar-cell efficiency reached the maximum of 20.61%. The above analysis shows that the optimal doping amount of urea is 10 mol%.

Using carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and polyethylene glycol as raw materials, a porous network structure was formed through cross-linking and gel, and a pH responsive gel membrane was prepared. The sample obtained antibacterial properties by soaked in tannic acid solution, and the microstructure, swelling properties, in vitro drug release, antioxidant properties, and antibacterial properties of the antibacterial membrane were characterized. The results show that the prepared antibacterial membrane has a good porous structure. The carboxyl group on carboxymethyl cellulose sodium endows the antibacterial membrane with certain pH responsiveness, which makes it exhibit anisotropic swelling and drug release in vitro at different pH values. After drug loading, the antioxidant capacity of the sample increases to 91.33%, and the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaches more than 90%. This antibacterial film has great application prospects in drug sustained-release dressings and other fields.

In order to ensure the normal operation and safety at work of electronic equipment, the research on thermal management of electronic components has continued increasing in recent years. Graphite film produced with polyimide (PI) as the substrate is an important thermal conductivity material, and its thermal conductivity can be improved through doping modification. Compared with solid thermal conductive filler, ionic liquid has better compatibility with polyimide matrix, and has been commonly used in gas separation membrane, colorless polyimide (CPI) and other applications. This article used 4, 4′-diaminobenzoylanilide (DABA) and 3, 3′, 4, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) as monomers, and modified PI films by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide(IL) that had the characteristic of multiple hydrogen bond sites. Then, high thermal conductivity graphite film was prepared by graphitization. The research results show that when the IL content is 5.0 wt%, the grain size of the graphite film is 78.417 nm, the degree of graphitization reaches 88%, and the thermal conductivity reaches 770 W/mK, which is 1.53 times that of the pure PI cornerstone ink film.

The inductively coupled plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering (ICPMS) is proposed by combining the magnetron sputtering and inductive coupling techniques, and it is used to prepare the high transmittance hydrophilic optical film. The optical and wetting properties, microscopic morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition were characterized by ultraviolet-infrared-visible spectrophotometer, water contact angle tester, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and X-ray energy spectrometry. The O/Mo ratio, optical transmittance and water contact angle of MoO₃ films were used as the experimental indicators in the orthogonal test, in order to explore the influences of the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) oxygen to argon ratio, ICP power, target working pressure and ICP pre-treatment time on the optical and wetting properties. The results show that the influence degree order of the main parameters from strong to weak is ICP oxygen-to-argon ratio, target operating pressure, pre-treatment time and ICP power, and the optimum process parameters optimized are 400/300, 0.15 Pa, 1500 W and 18 min, in one-to-one correspondence. The research provides the specific process method and experimental basis for the preparation of high-quality MoO₃ films and the potential application in the high transmittance hydrophilic optical film.

Ti-hyperdoped Si (Si:Ti) films are formed by doping of Si with a high concentration of Ti impurities, which is three orders of magnitude above the solid solubility limit, via a non-equilibrium effect of pulsed laser. The films get rid of the Si bandgap limit and have an excellent sub-bandgap NIR (λ=1 100-2 500 nm) light absorption performance. In this paper, Ti-Al co-doped Si (Si:(Ti-Al)) films were prepared by vacuum electron-beam evaporation in combination with UV nanosecond laser melting to further improve the sub-bandgap NIR light absorption performance and to better meet the requirement of NIR devices. The results showed that the sheet resistance of Si:(Ti-Al) films was reduced from the order of 10⁴ Ω/square for intrinsic monocrystalline Si substrates to the order of 10² Ω/square, which is consistent with that of Si:Ti films. However, the absorbance of Si:(Ti-Al) films in the sub-bandgap NIR spectra was improved by seven times on average and by an order of magnitude at maximum (at λ=1 800 nm) compared to that of the intrinsic monocrystalline Si substrate, and by 33% on average and by 57.2% at maximum (at λ=1 200 nm) compared to that of the Si:Ti films. Surface morphology analysis showed that the twice laser processing for Si:(Ti-Al) films reduced the surface reflection of light. The film composition analysis showed that the presence of TiSi₂ and AlTi in the Si:(Ti-Al) films. The presence of TiSi₂ indicated that the Ti impurities were activated to bond with Si atoms. The presence of AlTi in combination with the energy-band structure analysis suggested that the Fermi energy level position was controlled by changing in concentration of Al compensated impurities in the Si:(Ti-Al) films, thus enhancing the sub-band gap NIR light absorption performance.

AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO films were prepared on PET substrates by magnetron sputtering. The effects of CTO (CeO₂-TiO₂) layer thickness on the microstructure, optical properties, infrared emissivity and conductivity of AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO films were systematically studied. With the increase of CTO layer thickness, the band gap becomes narrower, the UV blocking rate and near-infrared blocking rate is improved, and the visible light transmittance is reduced. At the same time, the CTO layer is beneficial to reduce the surface resistance and infrared emissivity of the multilayer film. When the thickness of CTO layer is 34.2 nm, the UV blocking rate is 92.0%, the infrared blocking rate is 46.5%, the visible light transmittance is 62.5%, and the infrared emissivity in 8-14 μm is 0.163. Therefore, the AZO/Cu/AZO/CTO film has spectral selectivity and low infrared emissivity, which is a potential solar barrier and infrared stealth material.

With the advantages of negative electron affinity energy, high thermal conductivity and extreme chemical inertness, diamond thin films have attracted much attention as field emission materials. This paper reviewed the classification of diamond films, introduced the negative electron affinity properties of hydrogenated diamond films, analyzed the factors affecting the field emission characteristics of diamond films, listed the optimization direction of field emission characteristics, and summarized the performance of field emission cathode obtained by diamond films combined with other materials reported in the literature. It is of great significance to analyze and improve field emission performance of diamond thin film devices.

The blend films are prepared by spin-coating the solution of a benzothiadiazole-based semiconducting polymer PffBT4T-2DT mixed with the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have then been constructed via a contact lamination transfer process to evaluate electrical performance of these blend films under strain. It reveals a vertically phase-separated structure in the PffBT4T-2DT/PDMS blend films, in which PffBT4T-2DT is enriched mainly in the lower layer of the film and the PDMS at the upper part. The introduction of PDMS in the blend also promotes the formation of edge-on stacking motif of the PffBT4T-2DT backbones. Notably, compared to pristine PffBT4T-2DT, the blend films exhibit significantly improved strain tolerance (stretchability), which ensures a relatively high hole mobility in OFETs even under 100% strain. The enhancement of elasticity and carrier mobility should be attributed to the PDMS matrix which effectively dissipate the energy inside the mechanically stretched film. Furthermore, the correlation between the film structure, mechanical properties and carrier transport of the blend film is clarified, based on the structural characterizations.

Novel aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film has excellent optical properties and low cost, and is expected to replace the mature indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film. This paper mainly describes the structure and optoelectronic properties of AZO thin films, and focuses on the preparation processes and application fields of the thin films. Finally, the future industrialization of AZO thin films is projected.

In order to obtain films with better mechanical properties and fracture toughness, the (TiAlCrZrNb)-Si_x-N (x=0, 4%, 8%, 12% and 16%) high entropy ceramic nanocomposite films with different Si contents were deposited on Si substrate by magnetron sputtering technology. The effects of Si doping on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the films were investigated by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and nano-indentation apparatus. The results show that the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the films increase first and then decrease with the addition of Si element, which can be attributed to the formation of nanocomposite structures. When Si content is 4%, (TiAlCrZrNb)-Si_x-N film has the best comprehensive mechanical properties, and its maximum hardness and elastic modulus are 22.7 GPa and 192.0 GPa, respectively. In this case, the fracture toughness reaches the best, and the radial crack length C is 6.760 μm. The K_IC was 1.77 MPa·m^1/2.

Porous WO₃ films were produced by adding appropriate amount of dodecyla mine to WO₃ sol-gel precursors prepared from tungsten powder and hydrogen peroxide, and then heat-treated at 400 ℃ for 2 h. The crystal structure and surface morphology of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The electrochromic properties were tested using an electrochemical workstation and a spectrophotometer. The results suggest the WO₃ films present a partially crystallized amorphous structure and a porous surface. The current density of the porous WO₃ films is larger and the reversibility is better. Porous WO₃ films provide more channels for ion/electron diffusion which accelerate the injection/extrusion rate and shorten the response time. At the wavelength of 600 nm, the light modulation amplitude is 58.42%, which is 4.18% more than that of the dense WO₃ film.Compared with the dense WO₃ films the optical density change and coloring efficiency increase to 11.7% and 8.4%, respectively.

The CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film with high porosity and pure water permeability was prepared by simple electrospinning technology, using concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolyzed skim cotton with high mechanical strength and crystallinity as the reinforcing phase, and combining with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with good thermal stability and chemical stability. The effect of CNC addition on the properties of the film was investigated through various characterizations, and the results showed that compared with pure PAN, the CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film had good thermal stability, better mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. The changes of thickness, porosity and permeation flux of pure water before and after the use of the film were explored, the oil-water separation performance of the film was analyzed, and its application in the field of water treatment was expanded.

Transition metal-carbon/nitride (MXene) is a two-dimensional nano-layered material with high electrochemical activity, high conductivity, high bulk density and excellent mechanical flexibility, which makes it widely used in the field of supercapacitors. However, Mxene is prone to self-stacking, which affects its performance as an electrode material. In this paper, persimmon tannin (PT) was doped into Ti₃C₂T_x Mxene through solvent heat treatment, suction filtration and other steps to prepare Ti₃C₂T_x/PT composite film material, and its morphology, structure and electrochemical performance were characterized in detail, which proved that a little PT doping can effectively improve the stacking property of Ti₃C₂T_x, make electrolyte ions diffuse rapidly, and is conducive to the improvement of composite film capacitance. However, the excessive introduction of PT will reduce the capacitance performance. The electrochemical test results show that when the current density is 1 A/g, the mass-specific capacitance of the Ti₃C₂T_x/PT_0.01 composite film electrode reaches 448 F/g, which is 23.8% higher than that of the undoped Ti₃C₂T_x film and shows better rate capability. The PT doping strategy proposed in this paper is proven as an effective means to improve the performance of Ti₃C₂T_x MXene capacitors. This strategy is expected to be further extended to other similar two-dimensional nanomaterials in the future.

Diabetes, a metabolic disease, can lead to vascular dysfunction and severe wound infection owing to the hyperglycemia in patients, which causes the wounds of diabetic patients prone to pathogenic bacterial infection, leading to the wound difficult to heal. To solve this problem, in this study, a NIR laser/glucose dual-responsive poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) film (PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx) was constructed based on Ag₂S/liquid metal compound and glucose oxidase (GOx) for efficiently eliminating pathogenic bacteria and relieve wound infection. The characterization results of XRD, SEM, EDS and BCA protein detection and analysis proved the successful preparation of Ag₂S@LM compound and PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx thin films. The PL spectrum results indicated that compared with the Ag₂S, the photoexcited electron-hole pairs separation efficiency of the Ag₂S@LM compound is significantly improved. The photothermal experimental results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx can effectively generated heat under NIR irradiation. Subsequently, photodynamic/chemodynamic results demonstrated that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under NIR irradiation and glucose environments by NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed, which have the potential to cause oxidative stress to bacteria. Antibacterial experiments showed that the PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx film can effectively eliminate Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), proving that PLGA/Ag₂S@LM-GOx thin film possesses NIR laser/glucose dual-responsed synergistic bactericidal ability. This research not only provides a new method and experimental support for the treatment of wound infection in diabetic patients, but also provides a new idea for designing the novel thin film materials.

Cellulose has the characteristics of renewable, degradable, environmental, pollution-free, etc. Using celluloses as raw materials, the prepared cellulose-based membrane material shows excellent properties of separation, adsorption, conduction, magnetic and stimulus-response, and is widely used in separation, conduction, packaging, adsorption, and other research fields. In this paper, the application of cellulosic materials in the fields of separation film, conductive film, packaging film, and adsorption film was reviewed, and its future development trend was prospected.

Mg-Sn-Si films with different metal Mg contents were prepared on single crystal Si(100) substrate containing 500 nm thick silicon oxide by alternately sputtering using Mg-Sn-Si alloy target and pure Mg target, respectively. The phase composition, chemical composition, surface and cross section morphology and thermoelectric properties of the deposited Mg-Sn-Si films were systematically measured, observed and analyzed. The results show that the prepared Mg-Sn-Si film consists of Mg₂(Sn,Si) solid solution and metal Mg phase. With the increase of metal Mg phase content in deposited films, the carrier concentration increases and the mobility decreases at room temperature. With increasing metal Mg phase content in deposited films, the electrical conductivity increases and the Seebeck coefficient decreases in the range of measured temperature. The power factor decreases with increasing metal Mg phase content due to rapidly decreasing of the Seebeck coefficient even if the electrical conductivity increases. In the range of the metal Mg content in the work, it is unfavorable to improve the power factor that Mg₂(Sn,Si) solid solution films contain some metal Mg phase.