Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted much attention due to its advantages such as low preparation cost, non-toxic and harmless, and stable physicochemical properties. However, the yield and photocatalytic activity of g-C₃N₄ obtained from different precursor systems are also different. In this study, urea, dicyanamide, and melamine were used as precursors to prepare carbon nitride 2D nanosheets by thermal stripping method, respectively. The effects of different precursors and thermal exfoliation temperature on the structure and photocatalytic performance of carbon nitride were systematically investigated. The results show that g-C₃N₄ 2D nanosheets with excellent photocatalytic performance can be directly prepared with urea as the precursor without thermal exfoliation, and the degradation rate of methylene blue is the highest, which is 60%. But its yield is extremely low, about 2%-3%. Carbon nitride prepared with dicyandiamide and melamine as precursors can be subjected to thermal exfoliation treatment to obtain 2D g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with a loose structure and excellent photocatalytic performance. The yields can be as high as 32.5% and 36.8%, respectively. Among them, the 2D nanosheets g-C₃N₄ prepared with dicyandiamide as a precursor treated at 580 ℃ for 4 hours exhibited the best photocatalytic activity, and its degradation efficiency of methylene blue can reach 91.1%, which is 40% higher than that of the unexfoliated sample. After 4 cycles of use, the degradation rate can still be maintained at 90%, showing good stability and repeatability.

As a new strategy for the synthesis of nanomaterials, the microwave method not only has the characteristics of uniform heating and fast reaction speed, but also high sensitivity and selectivity. As a result, this review briefly introduces the microwave theory and heating mechanism, and then summarizes the single photocatalytic material, doped materials with different elements. Furthermore, the microwave fabrication strategy for constructing nanocomposites as well as the effect of microwave method on the microstructure and crystallization of the catalyst is well elucidated. We provide insights on the synthesis of high-performance semiconductor photocatalysts with high efficiency and low energy consumption. Finally, this review also puts forward the challenges facing by microwave synthesis of photocatalytic materials in practical applications and prospects for future development.

Nanofibers have become a research hotspot by virtue of its excellent porosity and surface-to-volume ratio, and been successfully applied in the fields of capacitors, filtration and separation, wound dressings, sensors, etc. In recent years, a variety of nanofiber preparation methods have been proposed, such as electrospinning, melt-blown, centrifugal spinning and solution blow spinning, among which the solution blow spinning has the advantages of low cost, in-situ operation and high fiber production rate. This preparation process blows nanofibers by evaporating the solvent of polymer solution through high speed airflow. This paper reviews the preparation principle and technology of solution blow spinning nanofibers, focusing on the morphological effects of polymer solution, nozzle, airflow field and other process factors on solution blow spinning nanofibers, analyzes various applications of current solution jet spinning, and provides an outlook on its future development.

With the increasing application of nanocellulose materials, it is found that some nanocellulose composites can improve its overall performance and have low cost and wide sources. Nanocellulose materials such as subnanometer cellulose crystal (CNC), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocellulose (NFC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and other materials are prepared by different methods. With the help of mechanical stretching, spinning, electric field, magnetic field and other methods, it is used to prepare directional alignment with high orientation and high performance. Nanocellulose materials with high strength and stiffness are used in textile industry, medical industry, optical devices and other fields. In this paper, these methods and materials are briefly discussed and the application characteristics of materials and methods are summarized.

With the rapid development of electronic information technology and nanotechnology, high thermal conductivity polymer composite materials have attracted widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) have the characteristics of stable chemical properties, excellent electrical insulation, thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, and good mechanical strength. They are combined with polymers to prepare high thermal conductivity polymer composites. It is widely used in the fields of electronic devices, aerospace, chemical engineering, microelectronic packaging, biomedical materials and solar energy utilization. This article reviews the properties, preparation methods and thermal conductivity of BNNTs.

Composite hydrogel particles are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization. Cellulose acrylic acid nanofiber (ACL-CNF) is used as the polymerization axis. Composite hydrogel microspheres P(AAACC) are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) with ammonium persulfate (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ as initiator. The polymerization process, microstructure, swelling, mechanical strength, temperature and salt resistance of P(AAACC) are studied. The results show that the equilibrium swelling ratio is 13.59 g/g at salt concentration of 10 wt% and 30.15 g/g at 120 ℃, which are 2.63 times and 3.15 times higher than that of ordinary hydrogels, respectively. When the compression ratio of composite hydrogel particles is 85%, the recovery of composite hydrogel particles is 84.8%, while the common hydrogel has been broken. TG-DTG analysis shows that the copolymerization reaction between ACL-CNF and monomer occurs, and the thermal stability is improved. After 7 days of aging under high temperature and high salt, the water retention rate of composite hydrogel particles is 92.1%, which is 11% higher than that of ordinary hydrogel, and the mechanical strength is 2.5 times higher in deionized water and 2.79 times higher in salt water.

In this paper, natural plant polyphenol-tannic acid (TA) is used as the reducing agent of graphene oxide (GO), and the green reduction and functionalization of GO are realized through the "one-step method". Subsequently, the TA reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are combined to jointly construct a RGO/SWCNT conductive film with a three-dimensional structure. The transparent conductive film (TCF) has good electrical conductivity (when the light transmittance is 75.1%, the surface resistance is 36.1 Ω/sq), low roughness (the roughness of the film is only 5.45 nm), excellent flexibility (after 1 000 cycles of bending, the sheet resistance of the film remains unchanged) and good interfacial adhesion (the adhesion factor of the film is all > 0.9). The composite film has good performance and can be applied in the field of flexible wearable devices.

Rhodamine B is an important dye pollutant that needs to be removed. Researchers have been interested in developing and implementing various nanomaterials to degrade Rhodamine B from water. Birnessite-MnO₂ nanomaterial with a two dimensional layered structure has been widely used in degrading rhodamine B. In this paper, birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflowers were synthesized by self-decomposition reaction of potassium permanganate in 90 ℃ under acidic condition. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Sodium oleate was added to synthesize the samples with different size and the mechanism is also discussed. As the amount of sodium oleat increasing, the size of the sample obtained was smaller. The size of the as-prepared samples ranged from 50 to 800 nm. The degradation Rhodamine B property of the samples obtained was discussed. The samples synthesized were used to degrade Rhodamine B in acidic condition without light source added. The size of the sample and pH value were discussed to evaluate degradation property of the birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflower. The results show that the smaller the sample size, the better the degradation performance. When pH value was below 4, the birnessite-MnO₂ nanoflower had the best degradation property, and the degradation rate of Rhodamine B could reach 92.4%. After five cycles of degradation, the RhB degradation was above 85%.

With the continuous development of flexible optoelectronic technology, the traditional brittle transparent conductive film material indium tin oxide(ITO) can not meet application requirements. Silver nanowires (AgNWs) transparent conductive film have excellent electrical conductivity, light transmittance and mechanical properties, so it will be widely used in flexible optoelectronic devices. Firstly, this paper summarize the filming process of AgNWs transparent conductive films, including Meyer rod coating, spraying coating, roll-to-roll coating, vacuum filtration and printing technology, etc. Then, the optimization process of AgNWs transparent conductive film properties is discussed from photoelectric performance, stability, mechanical performance and adhesion to the substrate; Finally, the future development direction of the preparation and performance optimization of AgNWs transparent conductive films is prospected.

This article briefs the basic characteristics, relative merits, and limitations of inorganic nanoscintillators that based on scintillation mechanism and associative physical phenomena. The structure features of different physical forms of nanoscintillator, as particle, film, ceramic and glass, and the applications of nanotechnology in scintillator are discussed. The critical factors affecting scintillation process under nanoscale are analyzed, and the related behaviors and mechanisms are explained from structure effect, surface effect and confined effect. The development of inorganic nanoscintillator in ionizing radiation detection is reviewed, and the application prospect is forecasted.

Polymer/bentonite nanocomposite is a material that achieves composites at the nanoscale. It has the lamellar structure of bentonite, the controllability of polymers, and includes the characteristics of nanomaterials. It is precisely because of these advantages that the material is widely used in environmental protection, medical pharmacy, petrochemical and other fields. In this paper, the research progress of polymer/bentonite nanocomposites is reviewed. The structural characteristics, classification, preparation methods and structure-activity mechanism of the material are introduced. The material has two types of composite structures: intercalation structure and exfoliation structure. It has two common preparation methods: intercalation polymerization method and polymer intercalation method. The application status of the material in the main application fields is reviewed. The material is often used in environmental protection, biomedicine, petrochemical, optoelectronic fields. The current difficulties of the material are summarized. For example, the preparation mechanism needs to be further studied to broaden the application field of this material. The development direction of the material and application prospects are prospected. Since the polymer exists in the confined space of the bentonite sheet, the chain segment movement is restricted, and it is not easy to decompose at high temperature. The material has important reference value in improving the temperature resistance of polymers, and is of great significance to the development of high temperature treatment agents for wellbore working fluids.

Manganese oxides have attracted much attention due to their excellent structural diversity and novel physical and chemical properties. The common manganese oxides MnO₂, Mn₂O₃, Mn₃O₄ and MnO have broad application prospects in catalysis, magnetic applications, energy storage, and other fields. The reduction of material dimension might lead to the improvement of performance. Therefore, a lot of efforts have been made in the preparation of manganese oxide nanowires, especially in the hydrothermal synthesis of manganese oxide nanowires with different crystal structures. In this paper, the effects of growth parameters (reaction temperature, reaction time, pH value, etc.) on the structure and morphology of manganese oxide nanowires prepared in the hydrothermal preparation process were summarized, in order to provide a reference for the hydrothermal growth of manganese oxide nanowires with controllable size and good performance.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a natural polymer material with renewable and degradable properties. In this current study, based on the outstanding physical properties of graphene oxide (GO), CNCs-GO highly ordered layered structures are prepared by vacuum filtration method to improve the mechanical strength and hydrophobic properties of CNCs films. The experimental results show that when the mass fraction of graphene is 4%, the tensile strength of CNCs-GO layered film reaches a maximum of 204.4 MPa, which is 58.8% higher than that of the original CNCs film. The elastic modulus of layered films increases first and then decreases with the increase of GO mass fraction. The accuracy of mechanical test results is verified by analyzing the microstructure and dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of layered films. The contact angles of CNCs films and CNCs-GO layered films are measured, and it is found that the hydrophobic properties of the layered films are significantly improved due to the interaction between the hydrogen bond network of CNCs and the free hydroxyl groups on the GO surface.

The use of green renewable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with the ability to self-assemble photonic structures to construct flexible functional materials can provide rich visual information, reduce the cost and reduce the harm of non-degradable materials. However, due to the lack of effective soft energy consumption phase in the system, the photonic materials based on CNCs have shortcomings such as mechanical fragility and lack of dynamic optical response, which bring certain challenges to their functional expansion and application. Thus, according to the structural characteristics of CNCs, this paper introduces in detail the preparation methods and influencing factors of the current CNCs photonic membrane, and then summarizes the various synthesis and regulation strategies of the current CNCs photonic membrane from mechanical rigidity to mechanical flexibility and machine color responsiveness. At the same time, the promising application directions and future challenges of CNCs flexible functional photonic materials are emphasized in this paper.

The traditional NiTi alloy has been widely used in many fields due to its superelasticity, shape memory effect and excellent biocompatibility. For example, it has been prepared into orthodontic arch wire and vascular stent in the biomedical field. However, biomedical equipment needs precision and miniaturization, and the traditional NiTi alloy has been unable to keep up with the development. The nanocrystalline NiTi alloy after severe plastic deformation has better tensile, compressive strength, plasticity and fatigue properties than the traditional coarse and ultra-fine grained NiTi alloy. It is expected to expand the scope of application in the biomedical field. Nanocrystalline NiTi alloy can be used in the manufacture of new medical devices and orthopedic biomaterials. The combination of NiTiAg with Ag not only has excellent mechanical properties, but also has antibacterial effect. W-NiTi composite material is formed by combining with W nanowire/belt to improve the radiation opacity and make the positioning and deployment of instruments and implants in the human body easier. In recent years, there is also a new surface modification technology, ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification, which produces nanocrystalline on the surface of NiTi alloy to improve fatigue and corrosion resistance. This paper mainly introduces the application of existing NiTi alloys and the application prospect of nanocrystalline NiTi alloys in biomedical field.

Nanocellulose is widely used as water treatment materials because of their high surface area and aspect ratio, environmental biodegradability and renewability. Chlorella grows fast and its cell wall is rich in cellulose without lignin. High quality cellulose can be obtained by simple purification. In the present work, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were prepared from chlorella waste by homogenization, with average diameter and length of 4.1±2.3 nm and 375±35.3 nm. The physicochemical properties of the prepared CNFS were determined by various techniques, and its adsorption performance was evaluated using methylene blue trihydrate (MB) and congo red (CR) as the model dyes. Results reported in this study indicate that the adsorption of MB and CR on the CNFS follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and the pseudo-second-order. Besides, the effects of pH and dye concentrate on adsorption were also investigated. Further analysis reveals that the process of MB and CR adsorption follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum capacity of cationic MB dye adsorption on the CNF is 161.25 mg/g, and anionic CR dye adsorption is 181.36 mg/g. The pH has a significant effect on the adsorption capacity of CNFS, which have maximum adsorption capacity the maximum adsorption capacity. But for CR, the lower the pH, the stronger the adsorption capacity is, in the pH range of 5 to 10.

The design and synthesis of non-noble metal electrolytic hydropower catalysts with high activity and durability are of great significance for energy conversion and storage. In this study, iron doped molybdenum disulfide nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal reaction of ferric nitrate, thioacetamide and sodium molybdate in anhydrous ethanol. It showed high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. In 1 M KOH electrolyte, when the current density was 10 mA/cm², the overpotential was 250 mV, the Tafel slope was 219 mV/dec, and the Fe-MoS₂ could be stabilized for more than 10 h. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity was 220 mV when the current density reached 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. In addition, in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte, Fe-MoS₂/C (anode) ∥Fe-MoS₂/C (cathode) two-electrode system has good catalytic activity for total hydrolysis with a low potential of 1.77 V at a current density of 10 mA/cm². Therefore, this study presents an effective technical support for the development of transition metal-doped transition metal sulfides with efficient electrolytic water performance.

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of metal nanomaterials has unique optoelectronic properties, and the research on improving the photovoltaic performance of thin-film solar cells based on the LSPR effect has become one of the hot research fields of widespread concern at home and abroad. In this paper,ultrathin copper nanowires of face-centered cubic structure with a diameter of about 20 nm was synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal reduction method using glucose as reducing agent, copper chloride dihydrate as copper source, and hexadecylamine and octadecylamine as capping agents. The crystal structure, morphology and optical properties of the synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, copper nanowires and nanoparticles were mixed as electron transport layers to utilize their LSPR effect to improve the light harvesting efficiency and electron transport efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and the influence of the indoor photovoltaic performance of PSCs was investigated. The research shows that, compared with the device without Cu NWs, the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with Cu NWs under simulated sunlight with the light intensity of 100 mW/cm² increases from 18.46% to 20.47%; The PCE under the indoor LED light source of 2 000 lux has been greatly increased from the original 27.8% to 35.2%, and the indoor photovoltaic efficiency has been improved by as much as 26.6%.

Graphene oxide is prepared by improved Hummers method, and reduced by ascorbic acid to prepare rGO with hydrophobic properties. PLA/rGO nanofiber membrane is prepared by electrospinning, and the effect of the amount of rGO on the hydrophobicity of PLA nanofiber membrane is investigated. The infrared and Raman spectra of PLA/rGO nanofiber films show that PLA and rGO are physically mixed, and there is no chemical change in the process of electrospinning. It is found that the contact angle of nanofiber membrane increases from 118° to 139.2° when the amount of rGO is 0.14%, and the experiment shows that the membrane has good acid-base resistance. When titrating the contact angle of different pH, the contact angle of the membrane can reach more than 125°. From the oil-water separation experiment, it is found that the oil flux of PLA/rGO nanofiber membrane can reach 141.3 L/(m²·h), and the oil-water separation efficiency can reach 98.6%.

In view of the uneven particle size distribution and poor stability in the current preparation methods of nano-silver (AgNPs), sodium citrate and absolute ethanol are utilized as reducing agents in this study, and sodium citrate and polyethylene pyrolidone (PVP) are used as protective agents to prepare nano-silver. In addition, the characteristics of the prepared nano-silver are characterized by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, Zeta potentiometer and other techniques. The results show that the nano-silver particles are spherical and face-centered cubic structure, and small particle size distribution range, average particle size around 49.3 nm and uniform dispersion are observed. Then, the indoor exposure culture method is used to explore the toxic effect of different concentrations of nano-silver on Achromobacter denitrificans. The results of the study show that AgNPs can inhibit the growth and nitrogen degradation of Achromobacter denitrificans, and the inhibitory effect becomes stronger as the concentration of AgNPs increases. The principle of toxicity is that small particles of nano silver can directly enter the bacterial body, causing bacterial metabolism disorders, while the nano silver attached to the cell surface will destroy the surface structure of the cell membrane, causing the surface membrane to rupture and the intracellular substance to leak.

The diamond-graphene hybrid/composite materials have both the excellent properties of diamond and graphene, and are importantly applied in the fields of energy storage, optoelectronics, and biosensors. In recent years, a lot of researches have been devoted to the formation process of such materials, but the growth mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, nitrogen-doped ultra-nanodiamond-graphene hybrid films were prepared by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method using small organic molecule diisopropylamine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The micromorphologies and phase compositions of the hybrid films were analyzed in detail by means of SEM, TEM, Raman, and XRD. Combined with the in-situ monitoring of the changes of group species and content during growth by plasma emission spectroscopy (OES), the possible growth mechanism was proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for regulating the microstructure and properties of nitrogen-doped ultra-nanodiamond-graphene hybrid films.

Ag-ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, and the nanomaterials were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and XPS. This were used as catalysts for p-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction reaction. The results show that Ag-ZnO nanomaterials can catalyze the reduction of 4-NP to p-aminophenol (4-AP) within 8 min, with a catalytic efficiency of up to 99.5%. The catalytic efficiency remains at about 90% in the fifth cycle of the reaction. The Ag-ZnO nanomaterials have high catalytic activity and long cycle life.

Si nanomaterials have attracted much attention from researchers since their appearance. Their unique properties, which are different from macroscopic bulk materials, enable them to be applied in various fields. How to prepare nanomaterials with good morphology and photoelectric properties is a problem that must be solved before the application of nanomaterials. In this work, dense silicon nanowires were directly prepared on Si substrate with Ni film as catalyst, and strong luminescence in blue and purple bands was obtained. The effects of annealing temperature, N₂ flow rate for annealing atmosphere, silicon film thickness and other preparation conditions on the morphology and photoluminescence intensity of silicon nanowires were investigated. The formation and growth mechanism of silicon nanowires prepared with Ni and silicon layers were also discussed. The experimental results show that annealing temperature and N₂ flow rate play a key role in the growth of silicon nanowires, and N₂ flow rate can affect the photoluminescence intensity of silicon nanowires. Higher N₂ flow rate can promote oriented growth of silicon nanowires. Adding Si film with appropriate thickness on Ni film catalyst can also help the growth of silicon nanowires and improve the photoluminescence intensity of silicon nanowires.

N doped TiO₂ nanotube arrays were prepared by anodic oxidation combined with solution processing, and effects of N-doping on photoelectrochemical performances were studied. Surfaces morphologies and phase structures were characterized by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope, while the content and distribution of N in TiO₂ nanotubes were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Chronoamperometry was used for measuring the photoelectrochemical performances under UV light and visible light respectively. Researches on the photoelectrochemical detection to organics were conducted by using TiO₂(N) NTAs as photo anode and glucose as model organics. Results show that the photocurrents of all doping samples are increased compared with pristine TiO₂ NTAs, in which the UV photocurrent of optimized TiO₂(N40) NTAs increases from 180.4 μA to 256.8 μA, the detection sensitivity increases from 0.061 μA/(μmol/L) to 0.134 μA/(μmol/L). The enhancing mechanism of the photoelectrochemical performances are studied by analyzing the optical performances, recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and electrochemical performances. Increase of optical response range and effective separation of photogenerated carriers contribute to the enhancement of N-doping TiO₂(N) NTAs' photoelectrochemical performances.

Hydrogen production from electrolytic water is a promising green technology, and the use of low-cost carbon materials loaded with noble metals as catalyst substrates is an effective means to reduce the noble metal loading and optimize the performance of hydrogen precipitation catalysts. Herein, Pt/N-Mo₂C NFs were prepared by using ligand polymerization method to obtain precursor microspheres with high specific surface area formed by the self-assembly of nanosheets through pH regulation, and then Pt nanoparticles were uniformly loaded on the surface of nitrogen-doped molybdenum carbide by ion exchange and high temperature roasting. Due to the high dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on N-Mo₂C with multilayered structure and the synergistic effect between Pt and N-Mo₂C substrates, it exhibits very good hydrogen evolution reaction performance. The Pt/N-Mo₂C NFs possess low overpotentials (44 mV/η₁₀ and 137 mV/η₁₀₀), and Tafel slope of 46.2 mV/dec, as well as good stability. The results of this paper have implications for the design of low loading noble metal catalysts.

Nano-photocatalysts have high efficiency, low energy consumption, no/low pollution, and are widely used in buildings dominated by cement-based materials, showing a good application prospect. The introduction of photocatalysts into cement-based materials can effectively improve their structural compactness, optimize their mechanical properties, endow them with the functions of pollutant degradation and surface self-cleaning, thus reducing the corrosion rate of cement-based materials and alleviating environmental pollution. This paper summarizes the different preparation methods of photocatalytic cement-based materials, introduces the influence of photocatalyst types on the photocatalytic properties of cement-based materials in detail, discusses the shortcomings of the current photocatalytic cement-based materials modified by nano-photocatalysts, and looks forward to them future development direction.

Using silver nanowires prepared by polyol method as conductive filler and kapok micro-fibrillated cellulose as carrier, the composite paper was prepared by vacuum filtration. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, four-probe tester and vector network analyzer, and the effects of silver nanowire content on their electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness were investigated. The results showed that the silver nanowires as one kind of one-dimensional silver elemental nanomaterial, were uniformly distributed in the composite paper and formed an excellent conductive network. When 2.5wt% of silver nanowires were added to the pure cellulose paper, the electrical resistance of the paper dropped from 470.57 MΩ·cm to 1.26 mΩ·cm. When the concentration of silver nanowires was increased from 2.5wt% to 10wt%, the conductivity of the paper increased from 793.65 S/cm to 3039.51 S/cm, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness increased from 38.1 dB to 61.5 dB.

The work aims to prepare the superhydrophobic coatings with excellent self-cleaning performance and good durability by a simple dip-coating.The superhydrophobic coatings were prepared based on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and low surface energy polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) to achieve the surface functionalization of cotton fabrics. The effect of different contents of polydimethylsiloxane and CNF on hydrophobicity of coatings was studied by single factor experiments. And the superhydrophobic coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and thermal gravimetric analyze(TGA). The results showed that durable superhydrophobic coatings were successfully prepared by cellulose nanofibers and polydimethylsiloxane. The SEM results showed that CNF constructed the microrough structure required for the superhydrophobic coating as compared to the pure PDMS coating, and provided favorable conditions for the preparation of the superhydrophobic coatings. With 4wt% PDMS and 4wt% CNF, the superhydrophobic coating showed water contact angle of 159.2°, and the water sliding angle of 4.3°. The results showed that the water contact angle of superhydrophobic coating still kept 150.3° even after 40 cycles of sandpaper friction, and it still had superhydrophobic performance. It was indicated that the polydimethylsiloxane provided low surface energy for the coatings, and had good bonding performance which improved the coatings' durability. In conclusion, a durable superhydrophobic coating was successfully prepared on cotton fabric surfaces with CNF and PDMS, while achieving excellent self-cleaning, waterproof and pollution resistance performance and good durability.

High B_S nanocrystalline alloys (HBNAs) with high permeability, low high frequency iron loss and near zero magnetostriction are ideal for the preparation of high performance small electronic components. The B_S of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys has been limited by the level of Fe content in the alloy composition. The search for a balance between the amorphous forming ability (glass forming ability, GFA) of the amorphous precursors and the electromagnetic properties of the back-end is a key challenge to drive the further development of HBNAs. This paper systematically describes the existing understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nanocrystalline crystallization, the crystallization mechanisms and the improvement pathway of the amorphous forming ability of HBNAs. By systematically analyzing the current research status of the preparation of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys and the problems that need to be solved, we aim to provide some inspiration and technical ideas for the development of the composition and design of the annealing process of high-performance nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys in China.

The polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composites are prepared by in-situ electrochemical polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on the surface of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The morphology of the prepared composites is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the PANI/MWCNTs composites have a fibrous structure. The electrochemical properties of the composites are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP). The specific capacitance of materials is investigated by modulating pipe diameter of multi-walled carbon nanotube and thickness of polyaniline. It is found that the specific capacitance of polyaniline/carbon nanotubes composite could reach 147.6 F/g with 50 nm pipe diameter of carbon nanotubes and 5 cycles for the deposition of polyaniline when the current density is 0.5 mA/cm². These studies would provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the preparation of polyaniline/carbon nanotubes supercapacitor materials.

With high tensile strength and elastic modulus,carbon nanofibers are widely used as toughening agent of cement concrete.By adding different contents of carbon nanofibers (0, 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt% and 0.9 wt%) into concrete, the effects of the doping amount of carbon nanofibers on the mechanical properties and frost resistance of concrete were studied.The results show that the doping of carbon nanofibers does not produce new products, but accelerates the hydration reaction, increases the structural compactness of the modified concrete and reduces the number of pores and defects.When the doping amount of carbon nanofibers is 0.6 wt%, the morphology and structure of modified concrete are the best.With the increase of carbon nanofibers doping, the reduction ratio of compressive strength, flexural strength and wear of modified concrete first increases and then decreases, and the wear per unit area and the mass loss at 80 freeze-thaw cycles first decrease and then increase.When the doping amount of carbon nanofibers are 0.6 wt%, the compressive strength and flexural strength of modified concrete at 28 d reach the maximum, which are 47.83 and 5.92 MPa respectively. The minimum wear per unit area is 1.12%, the maximum wear reduction rate is 55.56%, and the minimum mass loss rate at 80 freeze-thaw cycles is 1.23%.According to the analysis, the optimum doping amount of carbon nanofibers is 0.6 wt%.

Boron nitride nanomaterials are usually added to polymers to adjust and improve the performance of polymer matrix composites due to their good mechanical properties, insulation properties, oxidation resistance and excellent thermal conductivity. However, the incompatibility between inorganic boron nitride nanomaterials and organic polymer materials will weaken the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites, making it difficult to give full play to their superior properties. Therefore, it is urgent to study the functional modification of boron nitride nanomaterials to improve the interface compatibility, improve the material dispersion ability and adjust the surface properties of nanomaterials. The research progress of functionalized modified boron nitride nanomaterials was reviewed. The structural characteristics, physical and chemical properties of boron nitride were introduced in detail. The application of functionalized modified boron nitride in polymer matrix composites was summarized. Finally, the development trend of functionalized modified boron nitride nanomaterials was prospected.

Graphite carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted wide attention due to its advantages of low cost, easy preparation, high chemical and thermal stability, and suitable band gap. However, g-C₃N₄ prepared by traditional thermal polymerization method has the disadvantages of small surface area, easy aggregation and low photocatalytic activity. In this paper, carbon nitride nanosheets were prepared by a simple thermal oxidation method and tested through photoelectrochemical measurements. The effect of external bias on the direction of photocurrent was investigated by photochemical tests, and the reaction mechanism of electrode interface under photoelectric induction was discussed. The structure, morphology and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), electron microscopy (SEM/HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and UV-Vis DRS. The effect of thermal oxidation on the structure and photoelectrochemical performance of carbon nitride in air atmosphere was systematically studied. The BET results showed that the specific surface area of the carbon nitride nanosheets (160.6 m²/g) was one order of magnitude higher than that of the bulk g-C₃N₄ (12.5 m²/g). In addition, the photocurrent density of g-C₃N₄ with two-dimensional nanosheet structure is twice as high as that of the bulk g-C₃N₄ under UV-vis light, and a lower OER potential was obtained.

Rare earth nanomaterials exhibit excellent catalytic performance in chemical reactions due to their unique electronic layer structure and physical and chemical properties. Among them, low dimensional nanomaterials possess more excellent performance caused by their larger specific surface area and active site nunbers. Ai ming to the preparation technology and morphology control of low dimensional rare earth nanomaterials, several preparation methods such as solid-phase method, liquid-phase method, and gas-phase method were introduced in this paper. The influencing factors and control schemes of each method on the morphology of nanomaterials were discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method and research progress at home and abroad were analyzed. The future development trend was pointed out. At the same time, the applications of low dimensional rare earth nanomaterials in catalytic fields such as photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, automotive exhaust treatment, and catalytic combustion was reviewed. The mechanism of rare earth catalysis and research achievements were summarized, and prospects were proposed for the current development status of rare earth nanomaterials in China.

To fabricate a new type of micro-nanorobot of helical carbon nanowires (HCNs), the truncation, filtration, and magnetic modification were studied for realizing the motion actuated by magnetic field. The treating method of nitric acid oxidation, ultrasonic vibration, and filter paper filtration was proposed to disperse and shorten into 2-8 μm in length. Magnetic modification methods on the surface of HCNs including magnetron sputtering, electroless plating, and hydrothermal growth of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were experimented and compared. The modification effect was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and element analysis of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. As a result, the HCNs with good magnetic characteristics were obtained. The magnetic-field driving experiments in a micro-channel showed that HCNs modified by magnetron sputtering realized the fast motion speed (3.35 μm/s) and the controllable trajectory motion accuracy <5 μm.

The CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film with high porosity and pure water permeability was prepared by simple electrospinning technology, using concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolyzed skim cotton with high mechanical strength and crystallinity as the reinforcing phase, and combining with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with good thermal stability and chemical stability. The effect of CNC addition on the properties of the film was investigated through various characterizations, and the results showed that compared with pure PAN, the CNC/PAN composite nanofiber film had good thermal stability, better mechanical properties and hydrophilicity. The changes of thickness, porosity and permeation flux of pure water before and after the use of the film were explored, the oil-water separation performance of the film was analyzed, and its application in the field of water treatment was expanded.

Nowadays, the adverse side effects of existing antibiotics and the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) have a severe impact on public health. To overcome these obstacles, there is an urgent need for new antibacterial therapeutics. In this work, polyethyleneimine-stabilized polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-PEI NPs) with different pyrrole contents were prepared by a simple chemical reaction. The characteristics of the PPy-PEI NPs were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and UV-visible absorption spectroscopic analysis. Moreover, the antibacterial photothermal activity of the PPy-PEI NPs was evaluated against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results unveil that the synthesized PPy-PEI NPs could completely inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens under 808 near-infrared light irradiation. Therefore, PPy-PEI NPs, as photothermal agents, have an excellent application prospect in the field of antimicrobial photothermal therapy.

Nano-graphite modified paraffin phase change microcapsules (NGPCM) are prepared by solvent evaporation method with paraffin as core material, polysulfone as shell material and nano-graphite as modifier. The PCMs are characterized by SEM, FT-IR, DSC, and TGA to study the effects of different doses of nanographite on the chemical structure, phase change characteristics, surface morphology, thermal stability, and encapsulation rate of PCMs. The results show that when the addition amount of nano-graphite is 1.5%, the overall performance of the microcapsules is the best. The average particle size of the microcapsules is 326.6 μm, the melting temperature and melting enthalpy are 29.87 ℃ and 94.00 J/g, the crystallization temperature and crystallization enthalpy are 23.61 ℃ and 92.95 J/g, and the encapsulation rate of the microcapsules is 61.46%, showing good thermal stability.

Induced orientation of nano Fe₃O₄ modified flake alumina particles in epoxy resin (E20) were investigated under the NdFeB permanent magnetic field and the effects of magnetic field strength, induction time, mass ratio of Fe₃O₄ to alumina and filler filling rate on the thermal conductivity of the composites were studied together with the insulation strength, thermal stability of composites and the peel strength of its copper clad laminate. The thermal conductivity of the Al₂O₃@Fe₃O₄/E20 composites can be improved with the increase of magnetic field strength. When the induction time of magnetic field is more than 60 min, the thermal conductivity of the composites is almost constant. The thermal conductivity of the composites can be improved through increasing the mass ratio of Fe₃O₄ to alumina. However, considering the insulation of the composites, the Fe₃O₄ coating amount should be controlled. Under the conditions of magnetic field intensity 120 mT, induction time 60 min, mass ratio of Fe₃O₄ to alumina 1/30 and filling rate of flaky Al₂O₃@Fe₃O₄ composite particles 70 wt%, the thermal conductivity of flaky Al₂O₃@Fe₃O₄ composites is 1.45 W/(m·K), which is 34.26% higher than that of the flaky alumina particles filled composites. The temperature corresponding to 5% mass loss of the composite is 366 ℃ and the peel strength of copper clad laminate is greater than 1.74 N/mm.

In order to explore the effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of polyamide 56 (PA56), multi-walls carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was modified by oxygen-plasma, and then reacted with hexanediamine to obtain amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (AMWNTs). Furthermore, the AMWNTs/PA56 composites were prepared by melt-blending method. The changes of surface functional groups of carbon nanotubes were characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. SEM, XRD, DSC, TG and semiconductor parameter test systems were used to analyze the microscopic morphology, crystalline structure, thermal and electrical properties of the composites, and using a torque rheometer and a filter performance tester to determine the rheological properties and spinnability of the composites. The results show that the amino groups are successfully grafted on the surface of MWNTs, and the dispersibility of AMWNTs is better. With the increase of the mass fraction of AMWNTs, the thermal properties and crystalline structure of the composites were changed, and the electrical conductivity of the composites was improved at the same time. When the mass fraction of AMWNTs is within 1.0%, it has little effect on the rheology of the composites, and the composites has good spinnability.